CN103380681A

CN103380681A - Dregea volubilis introduction and cultivation technology

Info

Publication number: CN103380681A
Application number: CN2012101313786A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋波
Original assignee: HAINAN HONGQI RATTAN TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Current assignee: HAINAN HONGQI RATTAN TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Priority date: 2012-05-02
Filing date: 2012-05-02
Publication date: 2013-11-06

Abstract

A dregea volubilis introduction and cultivation technology relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. The cultivation comprises the following steps: 1, selecting seeds and processing; 2, sowing the seeds and cultivate sprouts; 3, managing seed-plot and outplanting; 4, managing planting; 5, managing upbringing; 6, preventing and controlling pests. Scientific cultivation is adopted to increase the survival ratio and increase the production.

Description

A kind of bitter rattan introducing and cultivating technology

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation of plants technology, be specifically related to the bitter rattan introducing and cultivating technology of a kind of Thailand.

Background technology:

Bitter rattan is a kind of Rattan kind with higher edibility, is distributed widely in Thailand and peripheral country in Southeast Asia, and its rattan bamboo shoot are mainly used in food processing, are loved by the people.In more than ten years recently, Thailand and Laos have carried out good try and have achieved success aspect the cultivation of rattan woods in bamboo shoot, and especially at Northern Thailand, bamboo shoot have had suitable scale with the cultivation of rattan woods, and rattan bamboo shoot product (as dried bamboo shoots) has also been found a good sale in the America and Europe.Due to short production cycle, instant effect is considered to most active part in the Rattan development to bamboo shoot with the rattan woods.But the cultivation of present bitter rattan does not have certain technical support, and survival rate reduces, and yields poorly.

Summary of the invention:

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of bitter rattan introducing and cultivating technology, it adopts Cultivation, improves survival rate, has increased output.

in order to solve the existing problem of background technology, the present invention adopts following cultivation step: one, collect seed and process, the every annual bearing of bitter rattan once, concentrate on autumn and winter, the little yellowish-brown that is of fruit, fruit after collection should be with splendid attires such as the container of gunnysack or other good air permeabilities such as bamboo square-bottomed bamboo baskets, not with airtight container shipment, in order to avoid raising, fruit Yin Wendu cause percentage of seedgermination to reduce, simultaneously, should note avoiding direct sunlight, and be placed on as far as possible moist shady and cool place, the fruit water content of Rattan is higher, and certain sugar is arranged, should not deposit too of a specified duration, need timely processing after adopting, method is: fruit is rubbed sassafras with wet sand, decortication, fleshing, obtain clean seed after cleaning, dry in the shade, after cleaning, seed definitely can not tan by the sun under the sun, in order to avoid seed loses vigor, if can not sowing in time need take the storage practice of low temperature and high relative humidity, two, seeding and seedling raising, a. vernalization, Rattan seed sclerotin, tough and tensile germinates difficult and irregular, therefore must carry out vernalization and process, and improves germination rate, b. prepare in the seedbed, usually utilizes husky bed as the seedbed.in general, 30～35 centimetres in ground of the husky height of bed, 1.0～1.2 meters of bedsides, length is not limit, bed is on every side with brick, the bed end, is rebasing with the cobble of 3～5 centimetres, approximately 10 centimetres of thickness, pave with rough sand again, be limited to lose cobble, then fill husky bed with the thin river sand that does not contain mud, Shamian Island is a little less than 3～4 centimetres, bed pond, in place with good conditionsi, preferably the volume by sand adds 20%～25% vermiculite, with husky mixing, to improve the water retention capacity of husky bed, in order to prevent that heavy rain or heavy rain are to the impact of husky bed, guarantee the Seed germination condition, preferably set up a rain shade that slightly is wider than husky bed, carry out the sterilization of sand bed before each sowing, commonly used 0.15% formalin is sprayed on Shamian Island, cover 2～3 days with film after stirring, then remove film, the leveling bed surface, in order to sowing, c. seedbed management, three, nursery bed management and go out the garden, a. nursery daily management, take water and weeding as main, coordinate per month to spray twice foliage fertilizer 1000 times of composite fertilizers, b. outplanting specification, the size of rattan seedling is the effect of impact afforestation directly, generally cultivates 10-12 and reaches 20-35 centimetre in individual month and can go out the garden, c. lifting and hardening, the lifting of container seedling is more much easier than bareroot seedling, but must check before lifting whether seedling root is worn bag and penetrated the seedbed, if meet this situation, must cut off after root system with hoe or shovel during lifting can lifting, simultaneously, should stop watering in 1～2 day before lifting, in order to avoid cause Nutrition Soil to scatter, cause half bareroot seedling state in lifting and transportation.before going up a hill, bareroot seedling must starch root, the rattan seedling needs to carry out suitable hardening before plantation, generally to transport to after lifting before planting site Teng Miao Ge outside cool canopy about a week, perhaps directly transport to planting site after lifting, but in complete one week of light lower refining seedling, thereby can improving the adaptation of nursery stock, suitable hardening improves survival rate, d. transportation according to planting scale and the condition of planting site, can be adopted diverse ways transportation nursery stock, plant for the small size take family as unit, can manually choose seedling or use small-sized transporting equipment, for implant mass, the rattan seedling uses tractor, light-duty vehicle or truck transportation usually, four, cultivation management, a. the forest land is selected, construction Rattan woods should be in the area that should plant Rattan, the Central in Hainan mountain area all is fit to plantation, selects that fertile soil, thicker soil, moisture condition are good, the plot of the gradient below 25 degree, and the rattan forest land can be chosen in natural forest, sylvan life has the plot of certain shade rate, preferably selecting soil organic matter content high, moistening, is advisable in the middle and lower part, hillside that soil layer is thick, b, field planting cultivation management, five, tending management, a. after-culture, seedling growth carries out the survival rate investigation about three months, find the after-culture immediately of dead seedling, also wants continuous after-culture, and guarantees that last survival rate was more than 95% in front 3 years, b. weeding, the first three years after Rattan afforestation, vigorous degree according to weed growth, at least guarantee every year to cut and fill with removal of impurities once, the environment of Fast Growth is arranged to seedling, weeding is carried out with ring-type or banded dual mode, the nursery stock that clump is planted, weeds around nursery stock in 1 rice diameter scope all will be disposed, strip cropping, clear up in wide place, plantation 1 meter of both sides of row, c. dredge hat, though Rattan is underground, sunlight is not enough, rattan seedling poor growth, affect the time of becoming a useful person and the rattan material output of Rattan, therefore, 2 years annual the dredging after the rattan seed is planted are preced with once, guarantee that sylvan life has 50% illuminating area, allow rattan seedling Fast Growth, the method of dredging hat is with the forest of afforestation band periphery, prunes branch and branches and leaves that sunshade is arranged, will notice that branch injures the rattan seedling by a crashing object and affects growth when pruning branch, d. ridging, ridging can be filled with removal of impurities and carry out simultaneously with being cut, and the practice is soil around nursery stock to be dug pine and to the rhizome section ridging of seedling, the purpose of ridging is to allow nursery stock easily absorb moisture and nutrition, especially in the hillside fields that soil easily washes away, note the ridging of nursery stock foundation, guarantee the good growth of nursery stock, e. fertilising, fertilising is 3 years to carry out afforestation, after this fertilizer is little to the growth effect of seedling, at First Year and Second Year, the Rattan seedling is better to the reaction of nitrogenous fertilizer, and application of potash fertilizer is good to the developmental capacity that promotes Rattan stem, generally, fertilizing amount and fertile the kind all will decide according to the soil regime of planting site, but present field fertilization effect to the rattan woods still lacks enough real example experiences, it has been generally acknowledged that each plantation is spreaded manuer in holes can promote the healthy growth of young growth with 150 gram nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, f. lodge, bitter rattan woods, after canebrake begins to put forth, will note using artificial lodge, rattan seedling in climbing up by holding on to is ridden against on the bar of contiguous spanning tree or top bifurcated, it is up climbed up by holding on to, sometimes may insert a rod on the nursery stock side and be beneficial to support shoot, allow the canebrake of the putting forth growth of to be kept upright, six, the extermination of disease and insect pest, a. disease control, withered spot disease is people's kudo woods Common Diseases, 1～3 meter of young growth height of seedling is caused harm serious, the incidence of disease is 10%～25%, prophylactico-therapeutic measures is in the serious place of indivedual morbidities, can suitably remove the disease leaf, executes spray bordeaux mixture or 500 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl of 1: 100 and prevents and treats, ring spot is the disease of seedling planting season of causing harm, the incidence of disease approximately 5～8%, and serious its sick leaf rate of diseased plant reaches 30～40%, and chemical control can be with 800～1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn, or spray with 800 times of liquid of 75% thiophanate methyl, and control efficiency is better, the leaf blight rattan woods seedling of mainly causing harm is a kind of common venereal diseases evil, and the incidence of disease can be up to 90% when serious generally 5～10%, and chemical prevention and control method adopts 800 times of dilutions sprayings of wettable tpn of 75%, and is weekly, uses continuously 2～3 times, b. pest control, the insect of harm Rattan mainly contains armored scale, the hard aphid of rattan, xylotrupes dichotomus, cotton locust and grub etc., its harm characteristics take food the tender tip of rattan, leaf and nursery stock, reach 4 kinds of cotton locusts of 1000 times of liquid controls of piperazine Emulphors oil, efficient reaching more than 95% with 500 times of liquid of 95% chlorophos missible oil or 40%, 40% flolimat or 80% DDT EC and 40% orthene, each prevents and treats the hard aphid of rattan with 1: 1000 times of liquid spraying, and killing rate reaches 100%, kill 300-900 times of liquid spray pesticide of snout moth's larva missible oil with 28%, armored scale is efficient reaches 95% in control, and the Rattan plant hour, namely afforestation is 2 years, if encounter the insect pests such as cricket, mite class, termite or grub, but use of insecticide can be controlled cricket at plant base portion spray Malathion, liquid is sprayed directly on to leaf section, can control locust causes harm, endanger if any spider, the available amitraz that is diluted to every liter of active ingredient 0.2 gram is sprayed on the plant base portion, and this is the very strong miticide of a kind of selectivity, can cause harm to the afforestation seedling from root dispenser control termites, grub, as with 20% Isofenphos methyl missible oil or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 250 grams, the soil that adds 1000～1500 kilograms of perfusion plant base portions of water reaches the movable De Wei of grub Ge as degree take liquid, and control efficiency is better, c. rat plague control, 2 years after Rattan plantation is also caused harm the phase by mouse, serious generation can cause nursery stock or the death of young growth plant in batch, especially in the flower garden, the bamboo shoot of planting behind the house before the room are more vulnerable with the rattan woods, it prevents and treats method mainly to remove the forest land weeds, minimizing muroid habitat, simultaneously, also can trap and kill and kill mouse, alleviate the plague of rats, to this, we adopt the trapping mouse killing method to prevent and treat, method is around causing harm, find out cave and normal path of coming in and going out that mouse perches, put mouse and like the biscuit eaten, again rodent poison bait is placed on biscuit, this trapping mouse killing method effect is fine, basic controlling is lived causing harm of mouse.

The concrete grammar of described vernalization is as follows: a. rattan kind in husky bed surface, then covers seed with sand with the seed uniform broadcasting with adopting with broadcasting, approximately 1.0～1.5 centimetres of thickness are broadcast rear scaffolding and are hidden rain, and sooner or later water once every day, as sowing in the winter time, should cover bed surface with plastic foil after watering; B. before the sowing, seed was soaked seed 15～30 minutes with 0.05%～0.1% formalin, or soaked seed 4～6 hours with 0.3%～1.0% copper sulphate, or soaked seed 2 hours with 0.05% potassium permanganate, to the seed disinfection, then with clear water, that drug irrigation is clean; C. the seed uniform broadcasting that will disinfect is on smooth husky bed surface, with plank, seed is pressed in sand, then cover fine sand, its thickness is 1～1.5 times of seed diameter, if it is excessively thin to cover sand, seed easily exposes to the open air, causes seed to be done wet uneven, thereby the reduction germination rate, and cover the husky blocked up germination that also is unfavorable for seed.

The concrete grammar of described seedbed management is as follows: a. covers, do not building the husky bed of rain shade, before seed sprouting, should suitably cover the things such as one deck straw or cogongrass, so both can keep moisture to promote seed germination, the impact of rainwater can be prevented again during torrential rain, but after seed sprouting, covering must be in time removed; B. water, moisture is the essential condition of seed germination, therefore, sowing ground must often water and keep moistening, and in general irrigation times and water the water yield and should depend on the circumstances is having rain-proof shelter, simultaneously be again the sowing ground that uses thin river sand, watering every day once to keep Shamian Island moistening, but at special dry weather, must sooner or later respectively water once; C. the bud seedling is transplanted, and seed when the first leaf not yet launches, during 1-2 centimetre of height, is transplanted in ready nutritious bag after vernalization, and the long bud seedling of main root can suitably cut off the tip of a root, and the main root that keeps 4-5 centimetre gets final product, and moves rear horse back and waters.

The concrete steps of described field planting cultivation management are as follows: A. digs the cave, and a. cleaning is assorted fills with, and opens up wasteland the plantation bandwidth generally 1 meter left and right; B. planting density and dig the cave specification, planting density is 3m * 3m, i.e. 74 cave/mus, when digging the cave, native, the cubsoil of table divides opening; Plantation two strains of every cave, digging the cave specification is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm, the seedling spacing is 1520cm; C. put fertilizer, return soil, then every strain sealing fertilizer 100g in the cave of digging puts back to table soil full 2/3 place to the cave, and cubsoil is placed on the surface; B. implantation time, afforest and generally carry out when begin rainy season, is advisable in 8-10 month; C. implantation methods, will avoid solar radiation after the bareroot seedling lifting in transporting the way, need starch root as long distance transportation; Bagged seedlings will be watered sufficient water at field planting bag the last week seedling, go up a hill and do not water before field planting, during prevention field planting solution bag, Nutrition Soil is loose, during field planting, at first seedling is put into the cave gently, tear nutritious bag film and clean the bag membrane removal off, be deposited in outside the cave so that unified cleaning, cover the Nutrition Soil surrounding with fine earth, overburden depth is higher than Nutrition Soil 1.5cm and compacting.

The present invention has following beneficial effect: it adopts Cultivation, improves survival rate, has increased output.

Embodiment:

this embodiment adopts following cultivation step: one, collect seed and process, the every annual bearing of bitter rattan once, concentrate on autumn and winter, the little yellowish-brown that is of fruit, fruit after collection should be with splendid attires such as the container of gunnysack or other good air permeabilities such as bamboo square-bottomed bamboo baskets, not with airtight container shipment, in order to avoid raising, fruit Yin Wendu cause percentage of seedgermination to reduce, simultaneously, should note avoiding direct sunlight, and be placed on as far as possible moist shady and cool place, the fruit water content of Rattan is higher, and certain sugar is arranged, should not deposit too of a specified duration, need timely processing after adopting, method is: fruit is rubbed sassafras with wet sand, decortication, fleshing, obtain clean seed after cleaning, dry in the shade, after cleaning, seed definitely can not tan by the sun under the sun, in order to avoid seed loses vigor, if can not sowing in time need take the storage practice of low temperature and high relative humidity, two, seeding and seedling raising, a. vernalization, Rattan seed sclerotin, tough and tensile germinates difficult and irregular, therefore must carry out vernalization and process, and improves germination rate, b. prepare in the seedbed, usually utilizes husky bed as the seedbed.in general, 30～35 centimetres in ground of the husky height of bed, 1.0～1.2 meters of bedsides, length is not limit, bed is on every side with brick, the bed end, is rebasing with the cobble of 3～5 centimetres, approximately 10 centimetres of thickness, pave with rough sand again, be limited to lose cobble, then fill husky bed with the thin river sand that does not contain mud, Shamian Island is a little less than 3～4 centimetres, bed pond, in place with good conditionsi, preferably the volume by sand adds 20%～25% vermiculite, with husky mixing, to improve the water retention capacity of husky bed, in order to prevent that heavy rain or heavy rain are to the impact of husky bed, guarantee the Seed germination condition, preferably set up a rain shade that slightly is wider than husky bed, carry out the sterilization of sand bed before each sowing, commonly used 0.15% formalin is sprayed on Shamian Island, cover 2～3 days with film after stirring, then remove film, the leveling bed surface, in order to sowing, c. seedbed management, three, nursery bed management and go out the garden, a. nursery daily management, take water and weeding as main, coordinate per month to spray twice foliage fertilizer 1000 times of composite fertilizers, b. outplanting specification, the size of rattan seedling is the effect of impact afforestation directly, generally cultivates 10-12 and reaches 20-35 centimetre in individual month and can go out the garden, c. lifting and hardening, the lifting of container seedling is more much easier than bareroot seedling, but must check before lifting whether seedling root is worn bag and penetrated the seedbed, if meet this situation, must cut off after root system with hoe or shovel during lifting can lifting, simultaneously, should stop watering in 1～2 day before lifting, in order to avoid cause Nutrition Soil to scatter, cause half bareroot seedling state in lifting and transportation.before going up a hill, bareroot seedling must starch root, the rattan seedling needs to carry out suitable hardening before plantation, generally to transport to after lifting before planting site Teng Miao Ge outside cool canopy about a week, perhaps directly transport to planting site after lifting, but in complete one week of light lower refining seedling, thereby can improving the adaptation of nursery stock, suitable hardening improves survival rate, d. transportation according to planting scale and the condition of planting site, can be adopted diverse ways transportation nursery stock, plant for the small size take family as unit, can manually choose seedling or use small-sized transporting equipment, for implant mass, the rattan seedling uses tractor, light-duty vehicle or truck transportation usually, four, cultivation management, a. the forest land is selected, construction Rattan woods should be in the area that should plant Rattan, the Central in Hainan mountain area all is fit to plantation, selects that fertile soil, thicker soil, moisture condition are good, the plot of the gradient below 25 degree, and the rattan forest land can be chosen in natural forest, sylvan life has the plot of certain shade rate, preferably selecting soil organic matter content high, moistening, is advisable in the middle and lower part, hillside that soil layer is thick, b, field planting cultivation management, five, tending management, a. after-culture, seedling growth carries out the survival rate investigation about three months, find the after-culture immediately of dead seedling, and the first three years is also wanted continuous after-culture, guarantees that last survival rate is more than 95%, b. weeding, the first three years after Rattan afforestation, vigorous degree according to weed growth, at least guarantee every year to cut and fill with removal of impurities once, the environment of Fast Growth is arranged to seedling, weeding is carried out with ring-type or banded dual mode, the nursery stock that clump is planted, weeds around nursery stock in 1 rice diameter scope all will be disposed, strip cropping, clear up in wide place, plantation 1 meter of both sides of row, c. dredge hat, though Rattan is underground, sunlight is not enough, rattan seedling poor growth, affect the time of becoming a useful person and the rattan material output of Rattan, therefore, 2 years annual the dredging after the rattan seed is planted are preced with once, guarantee that sylvan life has 50% illuminating area, allow rattan seedling Fast Growth, the method of dredging hat is with the forest of afforestation band periphery, prunes branch and branches and leaves that sunshade is arranged, will notice that branch injures the rattan seedling by a crashing object and affects growth when pruning branch, d. ridging, ridging can be filled with removal of impurities and carry out simultaneously with being cut, and the practice is soil around nursery stock to be dug pine and to the rhizome section ridging of seedling, the purpose of ridging is to allow nursery stock easily absorb moisture and nutrition, especially in the hillside fields that soil easily washes away, note the ridging of nursery stock foundation, guarantee the good growth of nursery stock, e. fertilising, fertilising is 3 years to carry out afforestation, after this fertilizer is little to the growth effect of seedling, at First Year and Second Year, the Rattan seedling is better to the reaction of nitrogenous fertilizer, and application of potash fertilizer is good to the developmental capacity that promotes Rattan stem, generally, fertilizing amount and fertile the kind all will decide according to the soil regime of planting site, but present field fertilization effect to the rattan woods still lacks enough real example experiences, it has been generally acknowledged that each plantation is spreaded manuer in holes can promote the healthy growth of young growth with 150 gram nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, f. lodge, bitter rattan woods, after canebrake begins to put forth, will note using artificial lodge, rattan seedling in climbing up by holding on to is ridden against on the bar of contiguous spanning tree or top bifurcated, it is up climbed up by holding on to, sometimes may insert a rod on the nursery stock side and be beneficial to support shoot, allow the canebrake of the putting forth growth of to be kept upright, six, the extermination of disease and insect pest, a. disease control, withered spot disease is people's kudo woods Common Diseases, 1～3 meter of young growth height of seedling is caused harm serious, the incidence of disease is 10%～25%, prophylactico-therapeutic measures is in the serious place of indivedual morbidities, can suitably remove the disease leaf, executes spray bordeaux mixture or 500 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl of 1: 100 and prevents and treats, ring spot is the disease of seedling planting season of causing harm, the incidence of disease approximately 5～8%, and serious its sick leaf rate of diseased plant reaches 30～40%, and chemical control can be with 800～1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn, or spray with 800 times of liquid of 75% thiophanate methyl, and control efficiency is better, the leaf blight rattan woods seedling of mainly causing harm is a kind of common venereal diseases evil, and the incidence of disease can be up to 90% when serious generally 5～10%, and chemical prevention and control method adopts 800 times of dilutions sprayings of wettable tpn of 75%, and is weekly, uses continuously 2～3 times, b. pest control, the insect of harm Rattan mainly contains armored scale, the hard aphid of rattan, xylotrupes dichotomus, cotton locust and grub etc., its harm characteristics take food the tender tip of rattan, leaf and nursery stock, reach 4 kinds of cotton locusts of 1000 times of liquid controls of piperazine Emulphors oil, efficient reaching more than 95% with 500 times of liquid of 95% chlorophos missible oil or 40%, 40% flolimat or 80% DDT EC and 40% orthene, each prevents and treats the hard aphid of rattan with 1: 1000 times of liquid spraying, and killing rate reaches 100%, kill 300-900 times of liquid spray pesticide of snout moth's larva missible oil with 28%, armored scale is efficient reaches 95% in control, and the Rattan plant hour, namely afforestation is 2 years, if encounter the insect pests such as cricket, mite class, termite or grub, but use of insecticide can be controlled cricket at plant base portion spray Malathion, liquid is sprayed directly on to leaf section, can control locust causes harm, endanger if any spider, the available amitraz that is diluted to every liter of active ingredient 0.2 gram is sprayed on the plant base portion, and this is the very strong miticide of a kind of selectivity, can cause harm to the afforestation seedling from root dispenser control termites, grub, as with 20% Isofenphos methyl missible oil or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 250 grams, the soil that adds 1000～1500 kilograms of perfusion plant base portions of water reaches the movable De Wei of grub Ge as degree take liquid, and control efficiency is better, c. rat plague control, 2 years after Rattan plantation is also caused harm the phase by mouse, serious generation can cause nursery stock or the death of young growth plant in batch, especially in the flower garden, the bamboo shoot of planting behind the house before the room are more vulnerable with the rattan woods, it prevents and treats method mainly to remove the forest land weeds, minimizing muroid habitat, simultaneously, also can trap and kill and kill mouse, alleviate the plague of rats, to this, we adopt the trapping mouse killing method to prevent and treat, method is around causing harm, find out cave and normal path of coming in and going out that mouse perches, put mouse and like the biscuit eaten, again rodent poison bait is placed on biscuit, this trapping mouse killing method effect is fine, basic controlling is lived causing harm of mouse.

The concrete steps of described field planting cultivation management are as follows: A. digs the cave, and a. cleaning is assorted fills with, and opens up wasteland the plantation bandwidth generally 1 meter left and right; B. planting density and dig the cave specification, planting density is 3m * 3m, i.e. 74 cave/mus, when digging the cave, native, the cubsoil of table divides opening; Plantation two strains of every cave, digging the cave specification is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm, the seedling spacing is 15-20cm; C. put fertilizer, return soil, then every strain sealing fertilizer 100g in the cave of digging puts back to table soil full 2/3 place to the cave, and cubsoil is placed on the surface; B. implantation time, afforest and generally carry out when begin rainy season, is advisable in 8-10 month; C. implantation methods, will avoid solar radiation after the bareroot seedling lifting in transporting the way, need starch root as long distance transportation; Bagged seedlings will be watered sufficient water at field planting bag the last week seedling, go up a hill and do not water before field planting, during prevention field planting solution bag, Nutrition Soil is loose, during field planting, at first seedling is put into the cave gently, tear nutritious bag film and clean the bag membrane removal off, be deposited in outside the cave so that unified cleaning, cover the Nutrition Soil surrounding with fine earth, overburden depth is higher than Nutrition Soil 1.5cm and compacting.

This embodiment adopts Cultivation, improves survival rate, has increased output.

Claims

1. bitter rattan introducing and cultivating technology, the cultivation step that it is characterized in that it is: (one), collect seed and process, the every annual bearing of bitter rattan once, concentrate on autumn and winter, the little yellowish-brown that is of fruit, fruit after collection should be with splendid attires such as the container of gunnysack or other good air permeabilities such as bamboo square-bottomed bamboo baskets, not with airtight container shipment, in order to avoid raising, fruit Yin Wendu cause percentage of seedgermination to reduce, simultaneously, should note avoiding direct sunlight, and be placed on as far as possible moist shady and cool place, the fruit water content of Rattan is higher, and certain sugar is arranged, should not deposit too of a specified duration, need timely processing after adopting, method is: fruit is rubbed sassafras with wet sand, decortication, fleshing, obtain clean seed after cleaning, dry in the shade, after cleaning, seed definitely can not tan by the sun under the sun, in order to avoid seed loses vigor, if can not sowing in time need take the storage practice of low temperature and high relative humidity, (2), seeding and seedling raising, (a). vernalization, Rattan seed sclerotin, tough and tensile germinates difficult and irregular, therefore must carry out vernalization and process, and improves germination rate, (b). prepare in the seedbed, usually utilizes husky bed as the seedbed.in general, 30～35 centimetres in ground of the husky height of bed, 1.0～1.2 meters of bedsides, length is not limit, bed is on every side with brick, the bed end, is rebasing with the cobble of 3～5 centimetres, approximately 10 centimetres of thickness, pave with rough sand again, be limited to lose cobble, then fill husky bed with the thin river sand that does not contain mud, Shamian Island is a little less than 3～4 centimetres, bed pond, in place with good conditionsi, preferably the volume by sand adds 20%～25% vermiculite, with husky mixing, to improve the water retention capacity of husky bed, in order to prevent that heavy rain or heavy rain are to the impact of husky bed, guarantee the Seed germination condition, preferably set up a rain shade that slightly is wider than husky bed, carry out the sterilization of sand bed before each sowing, commonly used 0.15% formalin is sprayed on Shamian Island, cover 2～3 days with film after stirring, then remove film, the leveling bed surface, in order to sowing, (c). seedbed management, (3), nursery bed management and go out the garden, (a). the nursery daily management, take water and weeding as main, coordinate per month to spray twice foliage fertilizer 1000 times of composite fertilizers, (b). the outplanting specification, the size of rattan seedling is the effect of impact afforestation directly, generally cultivates 10-12 and reaches 20-35 centimetre in individual month and can go out the garden, (c). lifting and hardening, the lifting of container seedling is more much easier than bareroot seedling, but must check before lifting whether seedling root is worn bag and penetrated the seedbed, if meet this situation, must cut off after root system with hoe or shovel during lifting can lifting, simultaneously, should stop watering in 1～2 day before lifting, in order to avoid cause Nutrition Soil to scatter, cause half bareroot seedling state in lifting and transportation.before going up a hill, bareroot seedling must starch root, the rattan seedling needs to carry out suitable hardening before plantation, generally to transport to after lifting before planting site Teng Miao Ge outside cool canopy about a week, perhaps directly transport to planting site after lifting, but in complete one week of light lower refining seedling, thereby can improving the adaptation of nursery stock, suitable hardening improves survival rate, (d). transportation, planting scale and condition according to planting site, can adopt diverse ways transportation nursery stock, plant for the small size take family as unit, can manually choose seedling or use small-sized transporting equipment, for implant mass, the rattan seedling uses tractor, light-duty vehicle or truck transportation usually, (4), cultivation management, (a). the forest land is selected, construction Rattan woods should be in the area that should plant Rattan, the Central in Hainan mountain area all is fit to plantation, selects that fertile soil, thicker soil, moisture condition are good, the plot of the gradient below 25 degree, and the rattan forest land can be chosen in natural forest, sylvan life has the plot of certain shade rate, preferably selecting soil organic matter content high, moistening, is advisable in the middle and lower part, hillside that soil layer is thick, (b). the field planting cultivation management, (5), tending management, (a). survival rate investigation is carried out in after-culture, seedling growth about three months, finds the after-culture immediately of dead seedling, and the first three years also will continuous after-culture, guarantees that last survival rate is more than 95%, (b). weeding, the first three years after Rattan afforestation, vigorous degree according to weed growth, at least guarantee every year to cut and fill with removal of impurities once, the environment of Fast Growth is arranged to seedling, weeding is carried out with ring-type or banded dual mode, the nursery stock that clump is planted, weeds around nursery stock in 1 rice diameter scope all will be disposed, strip cropping, clear up in wide place, plantation 1 meter of both sides of row, (c). dredge hat, though Rattan is underground, sunlight is not enough, rattan seedling poor growth, affect the time of becoming a useful person and the rattan material output of Rattan, therefore, 2 years annual the dredging after the rattan seed is planted are preced with once, guarantee that sylvan life has 50% illuminating area, allow rattan seedling Fast Growth, the method of dredging hat is with the forest of afforestation band periphery, prunes branch and branches and leaves that sunshade is arranged, will notice that branch injures the rattan seedling by a crashing object and affects growth when pruning branch, (d). ridging, ridging can be filled with removal of impurities and carry out simultaneously with being cut, and the practice is soil around nursery stock to be dug pine and to the rhizome section ridging of seedling, the purpose of ridging is to allow nursery stock easily absorb moisture and nutrition, especially in the hillside fields that soil easily washes away, note the ridging of nursery stock foundation, guarantee the good growth of nursery stock, (e). fertilising, fertilising is 3 years to carry out afforestation, after this fertilizer is little to the growth effect of seedling, at First Year and Second Year, the Rattan seedling is better to the reaction of nitrogenous fertilizer, application of potash fertilizer is good to the developmental capacity that promotes Rattan stem, generally, fertilizing amount and fertile the kind all will be decided according to the soil regime of planting site, but at present the field fertilization effect of rattan woods still lacked enough real example experiences, it has been generally acknowledged that each plantation is spreaded manuer in holes and to promote the healthy growth of young growth with 150 gram nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, (f). lodge, bitter rattan woods, after canebrake begins to put forth, will note using artificial lodge, rattan seedling in climbing up by holding on to is ridden against on the bar of contiguous spanning tree or top bifurcated, it is up climbed up by holding on to, sometimes may insert a rod on the nursery stock side and be beneficial to support shoot, allow the canebrake of the putting forth growth of to be kept upright, (6), the extermination of disease and insect pest, (a). disease control, withered spot disease is people's kudo woods Common Diseases, 1～3 meter of young growth height of seedling is caused harm serious, the incidence of disease is 10%～25%, prophylactico-therapeutic measures is in the serious place of indivedual morbidities, can suitably remove the disease leaf, executes spray bordeaux mixture or 500 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl of 1: 100 and prevents and treats, ring spot is the disease of seedling planting season of causing harm, the incidence of disease approximately 5～8%, and serious its sick leaf rate of diseased plant reaches 30～40%, and chemical control can be with 800～1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn, or spray with 800 times of liquid of 75% thiophanate methyl, and control efficiency is better, the leaf blight rattan woods seedling of mainly causing harm is a kind of common venereal diseases evil, and the incidence of disease can be up to 90% when serious generally 5～10%, and chemical prevention and control method adopts 800 times of dilutions sprayings of wettable tpn of 75%, and is weekly, uses continuously 2～3 times, (b). pest control, the insect of harm Rattan mainly contains armored scale, the hard aphid of rattan, xylotrupes dichotomus, cotton locust and grub etc., its harm characteristics take food the tender tip of rattan, leaf and nursery stock, reach 4 kinds of cotton locusts of 1000 times of liquid controls of piperazine Emulphors oil, efficient reaching more than 95% with 500 times of liquid of 95% chlorophos missible oil or 40%, 40% flolimat or 80% DDT EC and 40% orthene, each prevents and treats the hard aphid of rattan with 1: 1000 times of liquid spraying, and killing rate reaches 100%, kill 300-900 times of liquid spray pesticide of snout moth's larva missible oil with 28%, armored scale is efficient reaches 95% in control, and the Rattan plant hour, namely afforestation is 2 years, if encounter the insect pests such as cricket, mite class, termite or grub, but use of insecticide can be controlled cricket at plant base portion spray Malathion, liquid is sprayed directly on to leaf section, can control locust causes harm, endanger if any spider, the available amitraz that is diluted to every liter of active ingredient 0.2 gram is sprayed on the plant base portion, and this is the very strong miticide of a kind of selectivity, can cause harm to the afforestation seedling from root dispenser control termites, grub, as with 20% Isofenphos methyl missible oil or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 250 grams, the soil that adds 1000～1500 kilograms of perfusion plant base portions of water reaches the movable De Wei of grub Ge as degree take liquid, and control efficiency is better, (c). rat plague control, 2 years after Rattan plantation is also caused harm the phase by mouse, serious generation can cause nursery stock or the death of young growth plant in batch, especially in the flower garden, the bamboo shoot of planting behind the house before the room are more vulnerable with the rattan woods, it prevents and treats method mainly to remove the forest land weeds, minimizing muroid habitat, simultaneously, also can trap and kill and kill mouse, alleviate the plague of rats, to this, we adopt the trapping mouse killing method to prevent and treat, method is around causing harm, find out cave and normal path of coming in and going out that mouse perches, put mouse and like the biscuit eaten, again rodent poison bait is placed on biscuit, this trapping mouse killing method effect is fine, basic controlling is lived causing harm of mouse.

2. a kind of bitter rattan introducing and cultivating technology according to claim 1, the concrete grammar that it is characterized in that described vernalization is as follows: (a). and the rattan kind is with adopting with broadcasting, with the seed uniform broadcasting in husky bed surface, then with the husky seed that covers, approximately 1.0～1.5 centimetres of thickness are broadcast rear scaffolding and are hidden rain, and sooner or later water once every day, as sowing in the winter time, should cover bed surface with plastic foil after watering; (b). before sowing, seed was soaked seed 15～30 minutes with 0.05%～0.1% formalin, or soaked seed 4～6 hours with 0.3%～1.0% copper sulphate, or soaked seed 2 hours with 0.05% potassium permanganate, to the seed disinfection, then with clear water, that drug irrigation is clean; (c). the seed uniform broadcasting that will disinfect is on smooth husky bed surface, with plank, seed is pressed in sand, then cover fine sand, its thickness is 1～1.5 times of seed diameter, if it is excessively thin to cover sand, seed easily exposes to the open air, causes seed to be done wet uneven, thereby the reduction germination rate, and cover the husky blocked up germination that also is unfavorable for seed.

3. a kind of bitter rattan introducing and cultivating technology according to claim 1, the concrete grammar that it is characterized in that described seedbed management is as follows: (a). cover, do not building the husky bed of rain shade, before seed sprouting, should suitably cover the things such as one deck straw or cogongrass, so both can keep moisture to promote seed germination, can prevent again the impact of rainwater during torrential rain, but after seed sprouting, must in time remove covering; (b). water, moisture is the essential condition of seed germination, therefore, sowing ground must often water and keep moistening, and in general irrigation times and water the water yield and should depend on the circumstances is having rain-proof shelter, simultaneously be again the sowing ground that uses thin river sand, watering every day once to keep Shamian Island moistening, but at special dry weather, must sooner or later respectively water once; (c). the bud seedling is transplanted, and seed when the first leaf not yet launches, during 1-2 centimetre of height, is transplanted in ready nutritious bag after vernalization, and the long bud seedling of main root can suitably cut off the tip of a root, and the main root that keeps 4-5 centimetre gets final product, and moves rear horse back and waters.

4. a kind of bitter rattan introducing and cultivating technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that the concrete steps of described field planting cultivation management are as follows: (A). dig the cave, (a). and cleaning is assorted fills with, and opens up wasteland the plantation bandwidth generally 1 meter left and right; (b). planting density and dig the cave specification, planting density is 3m * 3m, i.e. 74 cave/mus, when digging the cave, native, the cubsoil of table divides opening; Plantation two strains of every cave, digging the cave specification is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm, the seedling spacing is 15-20cm; (c). put fertilizer, return soil, then every strain sealing fertilizer 100g in the cave of digging puts back to table soil full 2/3 place to the cave, and cubsoil is placed on the surface; (B). implantation time, afforestation is generally carried out when begin rainy season, is advisable in 8-10 month; (C). implantation methods, to avoid solar radiation after the bareroot seedling lifting in transporting the way, need starch root as long distance transportation; Bagged seedlings will be watered sufficient water at field planting bag the last week seedling, go up a hill and do not water before field planting, during prevention field planting solution bag, Nutrition Soil is loose, during field planting, at first seedling is put into the cave gently, tear nutritious bag film and clean the bag membrane removal off, be deposited in outside the cave so that unified cleaning, cover the Nutrition Soil surrounding with fine earth, overburden depth is higher than Nutrition Soil 1.5cm and compacting.