CN105766352B - A kind of breeding method of Calamus plant - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of Calamus plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766352B CN105766352B CN201610221565.1A CN201610221565A CN105766352B CN 105766352 B CN105766352 B CN 105766352B CN 201610221565 A CN201610221565 A CN 201610221565A CN 105766352 B CN105766352 B CN 105766352B
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- breeding method
- calamus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/20—Forcing-frames; Lights, i.e. glass panels covering the forcing-frames
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of Calamus plant, the breeding method includes the following steps：(1) seed collection：Calamus fruit is selected, after divesting shell, pulp is removed, cleans and obtains seed after drying；(2) seed treatment：After seed disinfection, seed is impregnated with the Gibberellins solution of 20 100mg/L；(3) sand bed makes：Plot in greenhouse is surrounded into furrow, heating wire is arranged, is covered with loess, and on loess 4 8cm of laying thickness fine sand；(4) it sows：Will treated seed kind hole upward, be uniformly seeded in sand bed, and sprinkle fine sand covering.The breeding method of Calamus plant of the present invention, all simulate the Proterozoic environment of Calamus plant well on air themperature, relative humidity and the soil moisture, substantially increase the germination percentage of seed, and seedling late growth is rapid, grows fine, a large amount of nursery stock can be cultivated in a relatively short period of time, there is good market application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of plant culture, and in particular to a kind of high efficiency seedling cultivating method of Calamus plant.
Background technology
About 370 kinds of Calamus, is distributed widely in Tropical Asian and subtropical zone, minority is distributed in Oceania and Africa.
China is distributed in the southeast, south to western each provinces and regions, wherein being distributed mainly on Yunnan, Guangdong there are about 34 kinds and 20 mutation
And the provinces such as Hainan.Small province rattan and Rattan belong to Calamus.Small province rattan (Calamus gracilis) distribution is wider,
It is born in the Tropical forests compared with low altitude area, because its tensile strength is big, is easy to acquire and process, the happiness of In Xishuangbanna ethnic group
Joyous to be used for weaving the lives tools such as tables, chairs and benches, application is very extensive, and playing the part of in each ethnic group lives has very important angle
Color.With the development of economy, in the international market, Rattan is that the main of top-grade furniture processes raw material, every year from Dehong, Ruili
The former rattan of customs entry reaches tens thousand of tons, and due to habitat destruction, over-exploitation etc., Rattan resource best in quality gradually flows
It loses.Step up artificial culture to be taken seriously, in recent years, all be taken from tissue culture, squamous subculture, introduction cultivation, rapid propagation in vitro etc. are many-sided
Prodigious development was obtained, limitation caused by traditional cultivation has been broken away from.Small province rattan fruit is obviously obstructed shape；Fruit ovate is oval
Shape, even fruit quilt and beak are 2.5-3 centimetres long, and 1.4-1.7 centimetres of diameter, scale 19-21 files are orange red when fresh, straw colour when doing
Color has straight hem, and there is deep trench in center.Seed ellipse, slightly flat, 1.2-1.8 centimetres long, 1.1-1.4 centimetres wide, surface tool is thin hollow
Point, chalaza hole is small, and endosperm chews rotten shape, the life of embryo side deeply.
But comprehensive forefathers' the study found that sand bed urges seedling experiment mostly to be carried out in source area, reason first is because saving rattan
The seed dormancy phase of category is shorter, and secondly, the seed kind skin of Rattan is hard, is not easy to germinate, and again, small province rattan productive phase is the winter
Season, seed are adopted and are planted, and if it is in Proterozoic, benign climate can germinate, but be cultivated to strange land immediately, because weather is not
It adapts to, even being carried out in greenhouse, breeding experiment can also fail, and a large amount of human and material resources is caused to waste.
Invention content
To solve problem of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high-efficient method for cultivating of Calamus plant.
The high-efficient method for cultivating of the Calamus plant of the present invention includes the following steps：
(1) seed collection：Ripe Calamus fruit is selected, after divesting shell, pulp is removed, is cleaned after drying
Obtain seed；
(2) seed treatment：After seed disinfection, with the Gibberellins solution of 20-100mg/L, seed is impregnated 20-25 hours；
(3) sand bed makes：Plot in greenhouse is surrounded into furrow, arranges that heating wire, the temperature for controlling sand bed exist in furrow
24-28 DEG C, heating wire is covered with loess, then in the fine sand of loess upper berth 4-8cm thickness；
(4) it sows：Upward by the kind hole of treated seed, it is uniformly seeded in sand bed, sprinkles fine sand covering, and pour
Water；Little Wen Peng is then built above sand bed.
Further, it in step (2), is carried out disinfection to seed using the liquor potassic permanganate of a concentration of 0.04-0.06%,
It is cleaned with clear water after disinfection.
Further, in step (3), the method for arranging of heating wire is：A row is respectively nailed on by wiring distance in the both sides of furrow
Timber makes heating wire be routed in furrow back and forth, and heating wire is connected on temperature controller.
Further, it is laid with cystosepiment in furrow, covers loess on cystosepiment, heating wire is disposed thereon.
Further, in step (4), shading net is covered on the surfaces little Wen Peng, it is 40- to make the shading rate in small roof insulating
60%.
Further, in step (4), after seed sows 3-4 months, plant seedlings is transplanted in nursery and carry out daily pipe
Reason.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The breeding method of Calamus plant of the present invention, air themperature, relative humidity and
The Proterozoic environment for all simulating Calamus plant on the soil moisture well, substantially increases the germination percentage of seed, and plants
Seedling late growth is rapid, grows fine, and can cultivate a large amount of nursery stock in a relatively short period of time, before having the application of good market
Scape.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the temperature Diurnal Variation in the seedling raising environment of method for culturing seedlings of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the relative humidity Diurnal Variation in the seedling raising environment of method for culturing seedlings of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the temperature monthly changing characteristics in the seedling raising environment of method for culturing seedlings of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the relative humidity monthly changing characteristics in the seedling raising environment of method for culturing seedlings of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the Diurnal Variation of the sand bed temperature of method for culturing seedlings of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the monthly changing characteristics of the sand bed temperature of method for culturing seedlings of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the growth traits variation characteristic for the seedling that method for culturing seedlings of the present invention is cultivated.
Specific implementation mode
Explanation is explained in detail to the structure of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present invention is the high efficiency seedling cultivating new method in Calamus plant strange land, including seed collection, seed treatment, sand bed system
Make, sowing and etc..From after planting, to budding, the period is 30-45 days, seedling raising environment, 27.6 DEG C of average air temperature, average sky
Gas relative humidity is 89%, 25.6 DEG C of mean ground temperature.The fabulous Proterozoic ring for simulating small province rattan of method for culturing seedlings of the invention
Border.
The breeding method of the small province rattan of the present invention is specific as follows：
(1) it harvests：It harvests after seed maturity, is installed with gunnysack immediately, ensured ventilative.
(2) it chooses seeds：Select the seed of completely filled fruit, big grain, health, band pulp average weight 9-10g/, standard deviation
1.09, maximum value 13.81g/, average diameter 20-24mm, the high 35-38mm of fruit.
(3) decladding：It after divesting shell, is gently rubbed with the hands with fine sand, pulp is removed, cleaned and dry, seed average weight after decladding
4-5g/, standard deviation 1.01, maximum value 6-8g/, average diameter 14-16mm.
(4) it sterilizes：0.05% liquor potassic permanganate carries out disinfection to seed, then with clear water that drug irrigation is clean.
(5) it impregnates：Compound concentration is the Gibberellins solution of GA 80-120mg/L, is impregnated 20-25 hours.
(6) sand bed makes：A draughty plot is selected in greenhouse, digs a wide 1m, long 5m, high 50cm
Furrow, the bottoms of furrow is laid with one layer of cystosepiment and does thermal insulation layer, respectively nails on row's timber by wiring distance at the both ends of furrow, make electric heating
Line is routed in sand bed back and forth, is covered heating wire with loess, and the thickness of loess is 20-25cm, then is being laid with 4-8cm's above
Fine sand, heating wire whole day is powered, and heating wire is connected on temperature controller, controls the temperature of sand bed at 24-28 DEG C.
(7) it sows：Will treated seed kind hole upward, uniform broadcasting is in sand bed, and it is the thin of 3-4cm to sprinkle thickness
Sand covering.
(8) it puts up a shed：Little Wen Peng is built above sand bed, and covers shading film, the shading effect in roof insulating is made to control in 40-
60%, it watered every three days.Day humiture and ground temperature in per day entry small temperature canopy.
The present invention mainly embodies in terms of following two in strange land nursery institute reflected advantageous effect：
1, air themperature, humidity Diurnal Variation
On December 23rd, 2015, while temperature, humidity outside greenhouse, in greenhouse and in small temperature canopy are measured, from Fig. 1
In it can be seen that, outdoor temperature<Temperature in greenhouse<The temperature of small temperature temperature of shed, greenhouse and small temperature canopy is from 12 points
Start to reach the topnotch in one day, and outdoor temperature is to 14 points of maximum temperatures just reached in one day in afternoon, it is more indoor than temperature
2 hours of temperature lag began to decline after 14 points of the temperature lower noon in greenhouse, when temperature lower noon in small temperature canopy 14 according to
29.5 DEG C of maximum temperature is so kept, and temperature outdoor at this time only has 17 DEG C, it is 12.5 degree lower than the temperature in small temperature canopy, and it is western
Maximum temperature on the day of double versions are received is 24 DEG C, and historical maximum temperature is 29 DEG C.Illustrate that the temperature in small temperature canopy is very close
The temperature of Xishuangbanna locality, and the temperature drop rate in small temperature canopy is slow, heat insulation effect is more preferable.
From figure 2 it can be seen that it is outdoor identical with one day change curve of air humidity of greenhouse, all it is from 12 points
Reach minimum to 14 points, morning and evening air humidity is gone up, and air humidity reaches maximum value at 8 points in the morning in greenhouse
90%, in small temperature canopy air humidity variation stablize relatively, there is peak 96% at 20 points at night, when at 14 at noon, by gas
The influence of temperature, air humidity drop to 88%, and average air humidity reaches 94%.Some researches show that Tropical Rain Forest In Xishuangbanna of China
Miniclimate the study found that in xeothermic season (3-4 months), storey highest relative air humidity can reach 100%, near surface formation
Relative air humidity whole day be maintained at 80% or more, 86% or more average annual relative humidity.Outside analysis room-the small temperature of greenhouse-
Air humidity in canopy and temperature, it can be seen that little Wen Peng can play heat preservation, moisture-keeping function well, along with sand bed
Heat effect, the climatic environment of subenvironment in small temperature canopy very close Tropical Rain Forest In Xishuangbanna of China, carries for the rudiment of seed
Good condition is supplied.
2, air themperature, humidity monthly changing characteristics
Analysis chart 3,2015-2-18 to 2015-4-3 daily 18:Outside Room 00-the small temperature canopy temperature variation curve of greenhouse-,
It is found that the temperature variation curve of three is almost the same, influenced by cool ambient air, three reached minimum at 18 days 2 months
Value, in March 4 and March 25, April 1, there is the performance of cooling, from the figure 3, it may be seen that 18 in small temperature canopy:Temperature when 00 is always
Higher than greenhouse and the temperature of outdoor, mean temperature is 27.6 DEG C, and outdoor 18:Mean temperature when 00 only has 23 DEG C.
2 months 4,2015 on April 3rd, 18 days 1 of analysis chart, daily 18:00, the small temperature canopy of outdoor-greenhouse-is empty
The change curve of gas relative humidity, the relative air humidity variation in small temperature canopy is steady, medial humidity 89%, in greenhouse
Average air humidity be 52%, analyze the change curve of outside air humidity, it has been found that March 24 pervious air humidity
All very low, 20% or so, March 25, air humidity rises to 43%, analyzes reason, be March 25 Kunming have rainfall, drop
Rainfall 4.3mm.
3 ground temperature characteristics
Sand bed controls temperature with temperature controller, auto-power on less than 18 DEG C when temperature is automatically powered off higher than 28 DEG C, laying electric heating
After line line three days, hot systems to be added are basicly stable, and one day situation of change of the soil moisture is measured on December 23rd, 2014, is such as schemed
Shown in 5, the temperature change on the same day is consistent in the change curve of the soil moisture and small temperature canopy, is in unimodal curve, and 12 points just at noon
Reach peak value, temperature declines later, and whole day temperature is maintained at 25.6 DEG C.The monthly changing characteristics for analyzing sand bed, as shown in fig. 6, husky
The change curve of bed is more steady, and maximum temperature is 29 DEG C, and minimum temperature is 19.5 DEG C, and mean temperature is 25.4 DEG C.In sand bed
The soil moisture is particularly suitable for the sprouting of seed.
2 months 2014, We conducted same experiments, the difference is that, it does not arrange heating wire and builds small temperature
Canopy, so that the percentage of seedgermination of current year is almost 0, the failure of strange land breeding experiment.So this experiment in arrangement heating wire and
It is the key technology for ensureing small province rattan strange land nursery bud ratio to build little Wen Peng.
4, the lower seedling growth characteristic of various concentration bio-hormone effect
Seed is after peeling is handled, with 0.05% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate, after being rinsed well with clear water.It fills respectively
Impregnated in 4 buckets, A1, A2, A3 be three kinds of various concentrations bio-hormone gibberellin GA, respectively 20mg/L, 50mg/L,
100mg/L, A4 are pure water, while being sowed after impregnating 24 hours, and April 13 transplanted seedlings, at this point, seedling growth is healthy and strong, but
Non- lamina, Germination period all terminate, and count germination percentage, and the germination percentage of 4 kinds of different disposals is followed successively by A3 (88.04%)>A2
(86.67%)>A4 (83.43%)>A1 (83.28%).
The nursery stock Elemental characters of four kinds of different disposals are determined, as shown in Table 1, by the nursery stock that A3 is handled, root
Stem mean value is handled more than other, and the maximum value of root diameter and minimum value are all apparently higher than other processing, and root diameter average value is pressed
It is ranked sequentially as A3 (1.32mm)>A4(1.27mm)>A1(1.24mm)>A2(1.09mm).By gibberellin handle nursery stock,
Root long will be noticeably greater than the nursery stock of clear water processing, and the nursery stock root long longest handled through A3 gibberellin, and average root is grown in order
It is arranged as A3 (7.89cm)>A2(7.46cm)>A1(7.14cm)>A4(6.90cm).The height of seedling situation of each processing is analyzed it is found that flat
Equal height of seedling is followed successively by A3 (13.33cm)>A4(12.47cm)>A2(12.42cm)>A1(11.22cm).Comprehensive analysis, warp
The processed seed of A3100mg/L gibberellin, germination percentage highest, and after germination, the growing state of nursery stock is most excellent.
The growth characteristics of the lower nursery stock of 1 various concentration gibberellin of table effect
Note:A1、A2、A3For bio-hormone the gibberellin GA, respectively A of three kinds of various concentrations1(20mg/L)、A2(50mg/
L)、A3(100mg/) L, A4For pure water
5, it transplants seedlings late growth character variation tendency
The nursery stock that growth selection is healthy and strong in through gibberellin, sand bed and small temperature canopy treated nursery stock, growing way is almost the same
It is transplanted in nursery lot, nursery lot spreads the humus soil of thick 15cm after site preparation, periodically waters, and nursery stock was recorded every 2 weeks
The growing state in later stage.As shown in fig. 7, " S " that the growth tendency of height of seedling and longest blade substantially conforms to logistic increases song
Line model, early period, the growth rate of height of seedling was very fast, and the length later stage of longest blade increases comparatively fast, and before July 14, the number of blade begins
Whole to keep a piece of, the later stage increases comparatively fast, shows that growth is good, and temperature (temperature and earth's surface temperature) is that the rattan growth of influence province is main
The factor.
It is hot-zone plant due to saving rattan, mainly in Hainan, Guangxi, In Xishuangbanna of Yunnan area plantation, so Calamus is planted
Above method cultivation can be used in object.The method for culturing seedlings of Rattan of the present invention is identical as the small method for culturing seedlings of province rattan.Most of palms
Rattan directly broadcasts fruit, and the germination time limit will be from after planting the 4th week to the 30th week, and the Rattan germination also having will hold
It is 6 months continuous, mostly use sand bed nursery, sand bed germination percentage 65-85% in production.But these premises are educated in Proterozoic
Seedling, if it is strange land nursery, because of reasons such as weathers, germination percentage is almost 0.For this purpose, inventor increases hotbed, warm canopy and red
Mycin impregnates, and substantially increases the bud ratio of strange land nursery, bud ratio is made to reach 85% or more, improves 100%, sprouts the time
It shortens 20 weeks, the bright raising of germinating energy, and nursery stock late growth is good, no disease and pests harm.Therefore, using hotbed, Wen Peng, gibberellin
Germination accelerating method, it is safe and reliable, germination is neat, low-cost, to produce the best germination accelerating method of upper strange land scale breeding.
2013, the breeding experiment of Rattan is carried out, seed collection and processing, sample plot are tested with this above-mentioned small
The method for culturing seedlings for saving rattan is consistent, the difference is that not in the small temperature canopy of warm indoor design and arrangement heating wire, so that the kind of current year
Sub all dead, germination percentage is almost nil.Small temperature canopy and heating wire are added in experiment this time, and seed is by red mould
The immersion treatment of element, germination percentage have reached 80% or more.Through analysis, small temperature canopy can play the role of good heat and moisture preserving, one day
The variation of temperature and humidity is stablized relatively in the middle, and temperature and humidity is apparently higher than greenhouse and outdoor temperature.During nursery,
Mean temperature in small temperature canopy is 27.6 DEG C, and relative air humidity average value is 89%, and soil mean temperature is 25.4 DEG C, small temperature
Environment in canopy is similar with the Proterozoic Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province weather of Rattan, is particularly suitable for the growth and development of Rattan.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Any modification, equivalent replacement and simple modifications etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by content.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of breeding method of Calamus plant, which is characterized in that the breeding method includes the following steps：
(1) seed collection：Ripe Calamus fruit is selected, after divesting shell, pulp is removed, cleans and is obtained after drying
Seed；
(2) seed treatment：After seed disinfection, impregnated 20-25 hours with the Gibberellins solution of 20-100mg/L；
(3) sand bed makes：Plot in greenhouse is surrounded into furrow, heating wire is arranged in furrow, is covered heating wire with loess, then
In the fine sand of loess upper berth 4-8cm thickness；
(4) it sows：Upward by the kind hole of treated seed, it is uniformly seeded in sand bed, sprinkles fine sand covering, and water；With
Little Wen Peng is built above sand bed afterwards.
2. the breeding method of Calamus plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), use is a concentration of
The liquor potassic permanganate of 0.04-0.06% carries out disinfection to seed, is cleaned with clear water after disinfection.
3. the breeding method of Calamus plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cloth of heating wire in step (3)
The method of setting is：Row's timber is respectively nailed on by wiring distance in the both sides of furrow, heating wire is made to be routed in furrow back and forth around timber, and electricity
Hot line is connected on temperature controller.
4. the breeding method of Calamus plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be laid with cystosepiment in furrow, steep
Loess is covered on foam plate, heating wire is disposed thereon.
5. the breeding method of Calamus plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), in little Wen Peng tables
Face covers shading net, and it is 40-60% to make the shading rate in small temperature canopy.
6. the breeding method of Calamus plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), seed sows 3-
After 4 months, plant seedlings are transplanted in nursery and carry out daily management.
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| CN201610221565.1A CN105766352B (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2016-04-11 | A kind of breeding method of Calamus plant |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1672492A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2005-09-28 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Artificial propagation method of wild fibraurea stem |
| CN103026887A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Cutting propagation method for fibraurea recisa pierre |
| CN103380682A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-11-06 | 海南宏祺藤业科技股份有限公司 | Cultivating method of strong seedlings of Hainan herba fibraureae recisae and calamus simplicifolius |
| CN103380681A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-11-06 | 海南宏祺藤业科技股份有限公司 | Dregea volubilis introduction and cultivation technology |
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2016
- 2016-04-11 CN CN201610221565.1A patent/CN105766352B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1672492A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2005-09-28 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Artificial propagation method of wild fibraurea stem |
| CN103380682A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-11-06 | 海南宏祺藤业科技股份有限公司 | Cultivating method of strong seedlings of Hainan herba fibraureae recisae and calamus simplicifolius |
| CN103380681A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-11-06 | 海南宏祺藤业科技股份有限公司 | Dregea volubilis introduction and cultivation technology |
| CN103026887A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Cutting propagation method for fibraurea recisa pierre |
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