CN107667815A - A kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle belongs to Chinese medicine field of planting the present invention relates to the sustainable growth of medicinal plant honeysuckle utilization.While the present invention makes honeysuckle carry the previous year to enter full-bloom stage, promote honeysuckle increasing both production and income to the full extent, 34 years can be extended than normal honeysuckle full-bloom stage, average annual output increased 37%, promote the average annual yield of unit area and benefit.The method of the present invention, including following steps：1. honeysuckle minor matters cuttage of the selection with Yield Genes；2. appropriate shaping beta pruning can increase yield per unit area；3. strengthening rich water quality management, increase Lonicera japonica and kind of blooming period prolonging；4. timely collecting, increase honeysuckle yield and quality.

Description

A kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle

The present invention relates to a kind of high yield cultivating method technical field, and in particular to a kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle, Belong to Chinese medicine planting technology field.

Background technology

Honeysuckle also known as honeysuckle, honeysuckle flowers etc., it is Caprifoliaceae woodbine, is conventional Chinese medicine, with unopened bud It is used as medicine with cane leaves.With function clearing heat and detoxicating, that scattered wind is subsided a swelling, the diseases such as anemopyretic cold, abscess of throat are cured mainly.Honeysuckle happiness is warm Moistening, sun-drenched weather, adaptability is very strong, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging, and Plain, mountain area can cultivate, to soil requirement not Sternly, planted using barren hillside.

The middle golden No.1 honeysuckle at port is as sample during this project uses.

The habit of the middle golden No.1 honeysuckle at middle port：

Warm and moist weather is liked, strong adaptability, can also resist cold, be drought-enduring, be waterlogging.China north and south various regions, mountain area, Plain, hills are equal Can cultivation.It is also not tight to soil requirement, but with the soil is porous, preferably fertile, well-drained sand loam.Energy Salt And Alkali Tolerance, is fitted Preferably grown in the soil of meta-alkalescence.Root is deep, can prevent erosion, be planted using barren hillside.

The content of the invention：

It is an object of the invention to improve honeysuckle yield per unit area, flower-grower is promoted to increase the benefit.

To realize the effect above, the present invention comprises the following steps：

1. honeysuckle minor matters cuttage of the selection with Yield Genes；

2. appropriate shaping beta pruning can increase yield per unit area；

3. strengthening rich water quality management, increase Lonicera japonica and kind of blooming period prolonging；

4. timely collecting, increase honeysuckle yield and quality.

The method of specific implementation is:

（1）Cuttage

Cutting time

1. the spring inserts：One generally to be got off with winter pruning to biennial branch does cuttings, and 2. the summer inserts：The first planting can be harvested with June Branch under being trimmed after spending makees cuttings.3. autumn sowing：Can be that two, three batches of branches trimmed after spending do cuttings with 7, August

Cuttings is chosen, processing

1. condition:From robust growth, physically well develop, minor matters are short, no disease and pests harm, not damaged, the 1~2 of 0.3~12.5px of diameter Year life branch.

2. cut：18~500px length is generally cut into, leaves 2~3 pairs of axillary buds, top axillary bud top should stay 1~30px It is long.

（2）Honeysuckle repaiies skill shaping

The honeysuckle plant of growth 1~2 year, rattan growth is irregular, disorderly and unsystematic, it is necessary to which Pruning and rectifying, is advantageous to tree crown Grow and bloom.Specific pruning method：It is main in 1~2 year after cultivation to cultivate upright sturdy trunk.When trunk height is 30 At~40 centimetres, top tip is cut off, promotes sprouting of lateral bud into skill.After Second Year green sprouting, sturdy branch 4 is selected and remain on trunk top ~5, make major branch, divide life two layers, retain 5~6 pairs of buds in the one-level branch school grown from major branch, cut off top terminal bud.With Retain 6~7 pairs of buds in the second branch grown again from one-level branch afterwards, then hook is plucked in the spray grown from second branch The tender tip of shape shape.Become by original winding growth that branch is clearly demarcated, be evenly distributed, divulge information by the honeysuckle plant of pruning The sturdy upright umbrella room shape shrub shape flower pier of printing opacity, trunk, is advantageous to the formation of spray, grows bud more.Shape pruning is preferable Honeysuckle tree-shaped, can typically improve yield more than 50%.The pruning method in its four seasons is：

Spring pruning：Early June is carried out after first planting flower harvesting, is gone with 40 centimetres of trunk based on top.

Summer cuts：In late July regrowth hair harvest after carry out, to cut the tip tip of mitogenetic nutrition side shoot, using light pruning as It is main.

Fall pruning：Carry out cutting autumn growth after three batches of flower harvestings of early August, based on light pruning.

Winter cuts：Last 1 batch of flower is harvested, after the nutrient of a rattan returns to major branch and root system, to freeze-up preceding equal after the Frost's Descent It can be trimmed.

Mowing frequency：Heavy pruning, branch cut off 2/3, retain 3~4 pairs of buds；Light pruning, branch cut off 1/2, retain 5~6 pairs Bud；Topping, branch only cut off terminal bud.

Shaping beta pruning is an important measures of honeysuckle high-yield culturing, different trimming degree and different trimming sides Formula, to the growing of honeysuckle, yield and quality have a very big impact.Winter is cut using heavy pruning, by the old and the weak's disease caused by 1 year Branch and the branch of lower floor are wiped out, and improve trunk height, and structure is good tree-like.Through passing the winter, the nutrient accumulation in spring, first, second Stubble can obtain high yield.Summer light pruning, it is by moderate pruning, makes canopy structure reasonable, ventilation and penetrating light, reduces old branch pair The consumption of nutrition, so as to increase shoot and bud, improve yield.It is overweight due to trimming if summer uses heavy pruning mode, make big portion Divide building up for nutrition supplying trophosome, grow up to more long shoot, newborn branch quantity is few, causes yield less.

（3）The rich water quality management of honeysuckle

The fertilising of honeysuckle, row irrigation, annular groove is opened in plant surrounding, earthing is filled and led up after applying fertilizer.

Fertilizer applied in the spring season.Based on quick-acting fertilizer, apply loose stool water or 45~51% composite fertilizers, every plant of bearing tree applies 45% more 0.2~0.3 kilogram of composite fertilizer, treelet is per 0.1~0.2 kilogram of Zhu Shi composite fertilizers.The bearing tree that winter the previous year does not apply fertilizer to the subsoil, knot Intertillage is closed, every plant is applied 0.25~0.5 kilogram of the composite fertilizer that nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 15: 15: 15, carries out row replacement or ring-type is applied, depth For 20~30 centimetres, lid is filled out with soil immediately after application.

Winter applies fertilizer.In order that soil fertility lasting stability, advocate winter apply farm manure, Second Year spring apply it is compound Fertilizer, summer spray the ternary fertilizing method of foliar fertilizer.

Foliage top dressing.The potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.2~0.5%, it can be sprayed simultaneously when Hua Qianjian has bud differentiation " middle port snow mountain hundred grass " 1000 times of liquid are applied, promote that bud is strong, petal is loose, longer blooming period.Should if early spring or florescence meet arid It is appropriate to irrigate.Also can be after every batch of flower have been adopted in the quick-acting foliar fertilizers such as foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, or spray micro member Element, to reducing bud drop increase single flower weight, there is obvious effect.

（4）The harvesting of honeysuckle

The purpose for cultivating honeysuckle is to obtain the medicinal material product of high yield and high quality.In cultivation, first, obtaining high yield, two will carry High active constituent content.The yield and quality of honeysuckle are adopted in addition to suitable cultivation technique and fine management with good time Receipts have extremely close relation.The time of harvesting is improper, not only influences the yield of medicinal material, and what is more important influences gold and silver flower pesticide The quality of material.

The optimal harvest time of honeysuckle, should be according to its mode of appearance comprehensive characteristics and inherent quality chlorogenic acid content most Height standard summary is considered to determine.According to practical experience, it is used as medicine quality to be best to harvest two white phases and great Bai phase buds, this two The individual time is the best period of honeysuckle harvesting.Typically start to harvest to late May in late April.After picking flowers for the first time, after Every other month left and right harvesting second, third, the 4th batch of flower.But because the priority from different places, bloomed slightly has difference, can because ground because Shi Zihang determines the suitable age of harvesting.

Honeysuckle is needed 5~8 days from bud to open, and in order to ensure product quality, flower will be usually observed after buddingging Formalness feature, so as to timely collecting, its surface of different developmental phases is also variant.

Concentrated because the florescence of honeysuckle is very brief, therefore harvesting must be in good time.Harvesting is too early, although quality is preferable, Yield poorly；Such as treat that flower is all open just to harvest, though yield is higher, then pollen, fragrance scatter and disappear, and the index of aridity is low, and quality is also poor. Preferably bud by it is green bleach, top is expanded, a bud just ready to burst when harvesting be preferred.It is best in quality with spending of adopting about during every morning 9, adopt Hua Yi is completed in the morning.

With the development of society, the medical value of honeysuckle is increasingly presented, it is more next in the purposes of the industries such as daily use chemicals/beverage It is more extensive.But honeysuckle is a labour intensive industry, with the shortage of human resources especially rural laborer, gold and silver Colored cultivated area is in the trend of reduction year by year.The realization of the present invention, honeysuckle yield per unit area can be made public from 140 Jin or so increases to 200 kilograms, increases income 37% every year.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of high yield cultivating method of honeysuckle, comprises the following steps：

（1）Cuttage

Cutting time

1. the spring inserts：One generally to be got off with winter pruning to biennial branch does cuttings, and 2. the summer inserts：The first planting can be harvested with June Branch under being trimmed after spending makees cuttings；

3. autumn sowing：Can be that two, three batches of branches trimmed after spending do cuttings with 7, August

Cuttings is chosen, processing

1. condition:From robust growth, physically well develop, minor matters are short, no disease and pests harm, not damaged, the 1~2 of 0.3~12.5px of diameter Year life branch;

2. cut：18~500px length is generally cut into, leaves 2~3 pairs of axillary buds, top axillary bud top should stay 1~30px to grow.

2.（2）Honeysuckle repaiies skill shaping

The honeysuckle plant of growth 1~2 year, rattan growth is irregular, disorderly and unsystematic, it is necessary to which Pruning and rectifying, is advantageous to tree crown Grow and bloom;

Specific pruning method：It is main in 1~2 year after cultivation to cultivate upright sturdy trunk;

When trunk height is at 30~40 centimetres, top tip is cut off, promotes sprouting of lateral bud into skill;

After Second Year green sprouting, sturdy 4~5, branch is selected and remain on trunk top, makees major branch, divide life two layers, from major branch Retain 5~6 pairs of buds in the one-level branch school grown, cut off top terminal bud;

Retain 6~7 pairs of buds in the second branch grown again from one-level branch later, then in the spray grown from second branch Pluck the tender tip of hook shape;

By the honeysuckle plant of pruning by original winding growth become branch is clearly demarcated, be evenly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light, master Dry crude strong upright umbrella room shape shrub shape flower pier, is advantageous to the formation of spray, grows bud more;

The preferable honeysuckle tree-shaped of shape pruning, can typically improve yield more than 50%;

The pruning method in its four seasons is：

Spring pruning：Early June is carried out after first planting flower harvesting, is gone with 40 centimetres of trunk based on top;

Summer cuts：Carried out after late July regrowth hair harvests, to cut the tip tip of mitogenetic nutrition side shoot, based on light pruning;

Fall pruning：Carry out cutting autumn growth after three batches of flower harvestings of early August, based on light pruning;

Winter cuts：Last 1 batch of flower is harvested, after the nutrient of a rattan returns to major branch and root system, to can enter before freeze-up after the Frost's Descent Row trimming;

Mowing frequency：Heavy pruning, branch cut off 2/3, retain 3~4 pairs of buds；Light pruning, branch cut off 1/2, retain 5~6 pairs of buds；Beat Top, branch only cut off terminal bud;

Shaping beta pruning is an important measures of honeysuckle high-yield culturing, different trimming degree and different trim modes, right The growing of honeysuckle, yield and quality have a very big impact;

Winter is cut using heavy pruning, and the old and the weak's disease branch caused by 1 year and the branch of lower floor are wiped out, and improves trunk height, builds good tree Shape;

Through passing the winter, the nutrient accumulation in spring, can obtain high yield at first, second batch;

Summer light pruning, it is by moderate pruning, makes canopy structure reasonable, ventilation and penetrating light, reduces consumption of the old branch to nutrition, so as to Increase shoot and bud, improve yield;

It is overweight due to trimming if summer uses heavy pruning mode, make building up for most of nutrition supplying trophosome, grow up to more length Branch, newborn branch quantity is few, causes yield less.

3.（3）The rich water quality management of honeysuckle

The fertilising of honeysuckle, row irrigation, annular groove is opened in plant surrounding, earthing is filled and led up after applying fertilizer；

Fertilizer applied in the spring season：Based on quick-acting fertilizer, apply loose stool water or 45~51% composite fertilizers, it is compound that every plant of bearing tree applies 45% more 0.2~0.3 kilogram of fertilizer, treelet is per 0.1~0.2 kilogram of Zhu Shi composite fertilizers；

The bearing tree that winter the previous year does not apply fertilizer to the subsoil, with reference to intertillage, every plant is applied the composite fertilizer that nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 15: 15: 15 0.25~0.5 kilogram, carry out row replacement or ring-type is applied, depth is 20~30 centimetres, and lid is filled out with soil immediately after application；

Winter applies fertilizer：In order that soil fertility lasting stability, winter applies farm manure, Second Year spring applies composite fertilizer, summer for promotion Spray the ternary fertilizing method of foliar fertilizer season；

Foliage top dressing：Can be when Hua Qianjian there is bud differentiation, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.2~0.5%, while spray " middle port 1000 times of liquid of the grass of snow mountain hundred ", promote that bud is strong, petal is loose, longer blooming period；

If early spring or florescence meet arid and should suitably irrigated；

Also can be after every batch of flower have been adopted in the quick-acting foliar fertilizers such as foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, or trace element is sprayed, it is right Bud drop increase single flower weight is reduced, there is obvious effect.

4.（4）The harvesting of honeysuckle

The purpose for cultivating honeysuckle is to obtain the medicinal material product of high yield and high quality；

In cultivation, first, obtaining high yield, two will improve active constituent content；

The yield and quality of honeysuckle have extremely close in addition to suitable cultivation technique and fine management with good time harvesting Relation；

The time of harvesting is improper, not only influences the yield of medicinal material, and what is more important influences the quality of traditional Chinese medicine honeysuckle；

The optimal harvest time of honeysuckle, should be that chlorogenic acid content is most just marked according to its mode of appearance comprehensive characteristics and inherent quality Standard is considered to determine；

According to practical experience, it is used as medicine quality to be best to harvest two white phases and great Bai phase buds, the two times are honeysuckle harvestings Best period；

Typically start to harvest to late May in late April；

For the first time pick flowers after, later every other month left and right harvesting second, third, the 4th batch of flower；

But because the priority from different places, bloomed slightly has difference, the suitable age of harvesting can be voluntarily determined in accordance with the time and the place；

Honeysuckle needs 5~8 days from bud to open, in order to ensure product quality, will usually be observed after buddingging and spend outside shape State feature, so as to timely collecting, its surface of different developmental phases is also variant；

Concentrated because the florescence of honeysuckle is very brief, therefore harvesting must be in good time；

Harvesting is too early, although quality is preferable, yields poorly；Such as treat flower all open just harvestings, though yield is higher, then pollen, Fragrance scatters and disappears, and the index of aridity is low, and quality is also poor；

Preferably bud by it is green bleach, top is expanded, a bud just ready to burst when harvesting be preferred；

It is best in quality with spending of adopting about during every morning 9, pick flowers and preferably completed in the morning.

5. the high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle as described in claim one, it is characterised in that：Step（1）Selection has Yield Genes Honeysuckle minor matters cuttage；Comprise the following steps：From robust growth, physically well develop, minor matters are short, no disease and pests harm, not damaged, straight The raw branch in 1~2 year of 0.3~12.5px of footpath.

6. the high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle as described in claim one, it is characterised in that：Step（2）Be trimmed to year by year it is tree-like, Spring, summer, autumn, the four seasons in winter are divided to take different trim modes；

By the honeysuckle plant of pruning by original winding growth become branch is clearly demarcated, be evenly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light, master Dry crude strong upright umbrella room shape shrub shape flower pier, is advantageous to the formation of spray, grows bud more.

7. the high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle as described in claim one, it is characterised in that：Step（3）Different seasons, fertilising Kind and ratio it is different, fertilizer applied in the spring season is based on quick-acting fertilizer, and winter applies farm manure, Second Year spring applies composite fertilizer, summer The ternary fertilising of foliar fertilizer is sprayed, in the quick-acting foliar fertilizers such as foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, or spray after every batch of flower has been adopted Trace element is applied, to reducing bud drop increase single flower weight, there is obvious effect.

8. the high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle as described in claim one, it is characterised in that：Step（4）Preferably in bud by green change In vain, harvesting is preferred when top is expanded, a bud just ready to burst；

It is best in quality with spending of adopting about during every morning 9, pick flowers and preferably completed in the morning.