CN109006225A - A kind of implantation methods of Herba Epimedii - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of Herba Epimedii Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of Herba Epimedii, belong to Chinese medicine field of planting.This method includes the steps that bed, sowing, nursery and transplanting, field management, insect pest preventing and controlling and harvesting management are done in seminal propagation, selection of land.The implantation methods of Herba Epimedii provided by the invention can improve production base environment, improve the plantation level of medicinal material, meet Chinese medicine GAP standardized planting, produce 2000 tons/year of icariin per year, icariin (C33H40O15) content be greater than 0.8%, not only can satisfy the market demand, but also significantly reduce the cost of raw material, improve Herba Epimedii product quality, increase the market competitiveness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicine plantation more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of Herba Epimedii.
Background technique
Herba Epimedii be Berberidaceae Epimedium herbaceos perennial, alias HERBA EPIMEDII, Epimedium, sheep leaves of pulse plants leaf etc.,
It is divided into the dried leaf of Berberidaceae plant Herba Epimedii, Epimedium sagittatum, E. Pubescens or korean epimedium herb.Barrenwort is complete
The world is distributed mainly on the temperate zone and subtropical zone in Asia, the Middle East and Europe there are about 50 kinds.Herba Epimedii be suitable for be born in hayashishita,
In the limes marginis shrubbery or dark and damp place in hillside, 450~1200 meters of height above sea level.China Jilin, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Henan, Qinghai, lake
There is cultivation in the area such as north, Sichuan, and herb hyoscine has high medical value and cultivating value.Herba Epimedii plant is high by 20
~60 centimetres, rhizomes tubbiness, dark sepia, two times trifoliolate leaf bases are raw and stem is raw, have long handle, leaflet papery or ground paper matter,
Leaf margin has ratchet, grey color or faint yellow, 5~June of florescence, 6~August of fruiting period.
Herba Epimedii is to be recorded in Shennong's Herbal earliest using one of Chinese medicine the longest, be to be most widely used
One of Chinese medicine, cure mainly function: kidney-replenishing, strengthening bones and muscles, dispelling wind and dampness.Modern pharmacology experimental study shows that Herba Epimedii can increase the heart
Brain vessel blood amount promotes hematopoiesis function, immune function and bone metabolism, has anti-aging, antitumor and other effects, plays effect
Main component is icariin (C33H40O15).This Chinese herbal medicine because can establishing-Yang favor by pharmacist, also by closing extensively both at home and abroad
Note, in addition to its conventional use tonifying kidney and strengthening yang wind-damp dispelling, clinically, it is comprehensive that Herba Epimedii is also commonly used for treatment osteoporosis, climacteric
The effects of closing disease, lump in breast, hypertension, coronary heart disease, enhancing immune, anti-aging, antitumor, anti-AIDS, has huge
Research and develop potentiality.
Herba Epimedii market is sold well always over the past decade, and price is soaring, excavates wild varieties resource excessively year after year,
It is seriously destroyed, is far from satisfying production needs, Herba Epimedii quality, which has, to be not equal to before, contained icariin
(C33H40O15) increasingly reduce, therefore, the Herba Epimedii prospect that artificial cultivation produces high quality is extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in view of the above technical problems, provides a kind of implantation methods of Herba Epimedii, meets national GAP standardized planting
It is required that improving the content of icariin in epimedium herb, guarantee its quality.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of implantation methods of Herba Epimedii, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seminal propagation, at 5 the end of month to early June, when pericarp is intended to be open, seed is exposed brown, in time by fruit
It takes, accomplishes to transport rear threshing back with adopting with ripe, impurity of winnowing with a dustpan out, timely fresh-retaining preserving；Selected seed requires sufficiently mature, shape
It is full complete, cause of disease miscellaneous bacteria is not carried, and Purity rate of seed is up to 80%, and 4.5~4.7 grams of mass of 1000 kernel, no mildew, germination percentage reaches
90% or more；
After seed is chosen, with ultraviolet light 20~30 minutes, fertile soil or corruption are mixed using thin river sand or thin river sand
Soil is grown as matrix and mixes storage, holding conditions with seed are as follows: first carries out matrix disinfection with the carbendazim of matrix weight 1%, so
Matrix and seed are sufficiently mixed with the ratio of 3:1 afterwards, is fitted into wooden case, sets and store in a cool and dry place, to there is rain cover
Canopy wants running check therebetween, prevents fever, water deficient, mildew etc., and storage period is 2~3 months；
(2) selection of land is mounted the throne, and selects the natural conditions on Schattenseite or half yin and half yang slope, and 35 DEG C of the gradient is hereinafter, soil is subacidity
Leaf fertile soil, black loam or black sandy loam, by hayashishita ground turf rise walk, along slope break into wide 120~140 centimetres, it is high by 12
~15 centimetres of item bed, horizontal stripe furrow planting seedling, 6~10 centimetres of ditching depth；
(3) it sows, the sowing time is after collecting seed mid-June, and type of seeding is broadcasts sowing, drilling or hayashishita are sowed；
(4) annual seedling is dug out transplanting on October next year, the middle ten days by nursery and transplanting；By the seedling chosen by
It is large, medium and small to be divided into third, it transplants respectively；When plant, ditch by 15~20 centimetres of line-spacing horizontal beds, 9~10 centimetres of ditch depth, in ditch
8~10 centimetres of spacing in the rows pendulum seedlings are inside pressed, fibrous root of make suring is unfolded, and 6~8 cm thick of earthing is slightly pressed.
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned Herba Epimedii, step (3) is described to broadcast sowing method particularly includes: Herba Epimedii is spread
The shallow slot for digging 3~5 centimetres of depths in bed is broadcast, slot bottom is paved with sieved mull, is then sowed；After planting use is sieved through
Mull covers 0.5~1 centimetre, then covers one layer of fallen leaves, to keep soil moisture；It disposably pours prior to seeding or after earthing
It is permeable；10~15 grams/m of application rate.
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned Herba Epimedii, step (3) described drilling method particularly includes: Herba Epimedii item
It broadcasts horizontal bed in bed to ditch, 10~15 centimetres of line-spacing, 3~4 centimetres of ditch depth；After holding ditch successfully, bottom sieve frame has been stepped on, then sowing in ditch,
0.5~1 centimetre of thickness of earth covering, the objects such as covering fallen leaves；Application rate is 10 grams/cubic metre.
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned Herba Epimedii, step (3) the hayashishita sowing method particularly includes: selection
The flat gentle slope of topography, underbrush, weeds are cleaned out, the overstocked tree of intermediate cutting, branch, makes canopy density on 0.5~0.7 left side
It is right；Then along hillside, oblique line does wide 1.2 meters, high 20~25 centimetres of bed, has applied base fertilizer, planting belt has been made into along contour, by band
Soil is dug pine by wide 30~50 centimetres, and picking stem root can transplant.
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned Herba Epimedii further include the steps that field management, the field management are specific
Include:
Fill the gaps with seedlings: Herba Epimedii pulls out dead seedling after next 2~March of spring emerges in time, weak seedling, sick seedling, and the cloudy day fills the gaps with seedlings plantation, with
Guarantee basic seedling amount；
Weeding: in the weed growth busy season, every weeding in 10 days 1 time；Weeding 1 time in autumn and winter every 30 days or so；
It irrigates: keeping Herba Epimedii soil moisture 25~30%, relative air humidity is with 70~80%；
Fertilising: First Year after transplanting carries out foliage top dressing, carries out after lamina with green fruiting period respectively；Transplant second year with
Afterwards, in addition to foliage application, also progress lateral root top dressing；The spraying fertilizer time plant is withered, carries out before frozen soil, and with cake fertilizer,
Calcium superphosphate or decomposed pig manure are fertilizer；
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned Herba Epimedii, further include the steps that insect pest preventing and controlling, and disease preventing and treating includes excessive sheep
Leaves of pulse plants leaf foxiness blight, Herba Epimedii crinkle viral disease, Herba Epimedii rust, Herba Epimedii powdery mildew and Herba Epimedii physiological red-leaf disease.
Further, the implantation methods of above-mentioned Herba Epimedii, further include the steps that harvesting management, and collecting time is plantation 2
Cauline leaf harvesting in ground is bundled into wisp when harvesting by August part after year, be placed in shady and cool ventilation it is dry at dry in the shade or dry or using people
Work drying, makes its moisture content be down to 14% or less；After continuously tapping 3~4 years, wheel breath 2~3 years to restore population vigor.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The market demand of domestic Chinese Medicinal Materials Markets Herba Epimedii is increasing in recent years, meets national standard currently on the market
Epimedium herb price at 80 yuan of per kilogram or so, it is at high price, and due to the excessively excavation year after year of wild resource, it is serious to meet with
To destruction, production needs are far from satisfying, Herba Epimedii quality, which has, to be not equal to before, contained icariin
(C33H40O15) increasingly reduce, the implantation methods of Herba Epimedii provided by the invention, production base environment can be improved, improve medicinal material
Plantation level, meet Chinese medicine GAP standardized planting, produce 2000 tons/year of icariin per year, icariin (C33H40O15) contain
Amount is greater than 0.8%, not only can satisfy the market demand, but also significantly reduce the cost of raw material, improves Herba Epimedii product quality,
Increase the market competitiveness.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical solution of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment to this
Invention is further detailed.
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of Herba Epimedii, and address is selected in Linjiang City, is located at Changbai Mountain southern foot near a river, within the border
Mountain peak is stood in great numbers, and cheuch interlocks, and in length and breadth, topography is high in the east and low in the west in river, is declined step by step from east orientation west.Changbai Mountain Yu Mai through east,
The mountain range Lao Ling is tiltedly through at west.Domestic river gathers, 150, the river more than 5 kilometers, trans-national in the reed of the maximum river Yalu River
River flows through 141 kilometers of the whole city, 5 small towns.The natural conditions such as weather, height above sea level, temperature and humidity, precipitation, sunshine, soil are non-
The often genuine traditional Chinese medicines material growth such as suitable Herba Epimedii.The soil that the GAP standardized planting of Herba Epimedii of the present invention is utilized is substantially mountain
Forest land, deserted mountain, hayashishita and ginseng after etc., improvement to the ecological environment of Changbaishan area and protection tool have certain effect,
Especially be transformed ginseng after and deserted mountain, have laid a good foundation to forestry ecology economic development, to Changbai Mountain ecological environment
Restore, keeps ecological balance and have great importance.
This method includes that seminal propagation, selection of land do bed, sowing, nursery and transplanting, field management, insect pest preventing and controlling and harvesting pipe
The step of reason, the specific method is as follows:
1, seminal propagation
Seed collection: the maturity period of Herba Epimedii seed is at 5 the end of month to early June.Be intended to be open to pericarp, seed it is exposed in brown
When color, it under fruit, will accomplish to transport rear threshing back with adopting with ripe in time, impurity of winnowing with a dustpan out, timely fresh-retaining preserving.Selected seed is wanted
Abundant maturation is sought, full appearance is complete, does not carry cause of disease miscellaneous bacteria, Purity rate of seed is up to 80%, 4.5~4.7 grams of mass of 1000 kernel, without mould
Become, germination percentage reaches 90% or more.
Seed storage: Herba Epimedii seed longeivity is short, should sow immediately after harvesting.Cannot such as sow immediately can choose in seed
Afterwards, with ultraviolet light 20~30 minutes, thin river sand or thin river sand is used to mix fertile soil or fertile soil mixed as matrix and seed
Close storage.Matrix disinfection first is carried out with the carbendazim of matrix weight 1%, then fills matrix and seed with the ratio of 3:1
Divide mixing, be fitted into wooden case, set and store in a cool and dry place, to have rain shade, want running check therebetween, prevents fever, moisture
Insufficient, mildew etc., storage period are 2~3 months.
In addition, the mode of Propagation of Rhizomes can also be used, method particularly includes:
Rhizome selection: excavating wild Herba Epimedii rhizome, selects well developed root system sturdy, and slurry gas foot, fibrous root is more, and the diameter of root exists
0.3~0.5 centimetre, more hibernaculum is full, and the rhizome that no disease and pests harm infects does propagation material.
Harvesting storage: by the end of September, to mid-October, the picking time of rhizome carries out Herba Epimedii withering period here.It will excavation
Rhizome be cut into the segments of 10~15 centimeter lengths, every section will have 2 or more more hibernaculum, bindings spare.
2, selection of land makees bed
Since Herba Epimedii happiness is dark and damp, soil moisture 25~30%, relative air humidity are advisable with 70~80%, more to light
Sensitivity avoids burning sun direct projection, it is desirable that obscurity 80% or so, to soil require it is stringenter, with quinaldine acid or slightly meta-alkali, it is loose,
Preferably containing humus, organic matter soil oil sandy loam abundant, shrubbery, sparse woods of the height above sea level in 450~1200 meters of low, middle mountainous region
It is suitble to growth in lower or border half shade environment.
Therefore, the natural conditions on Schattenseite or half yin and half yang slope are selected, 35 DEG C of the gradient is hereinafter, soil is the leaf corruption of subacidity
Soil, black loam or black sandy loam are grown, can use broad-leaf forest or theropencedrymion and economy of the fruit tree cultivation under woods.By hayashishita ground
Turf rises, and breaks into wide 120~140 centimetres, high 12~15 centimetres of item bed along slope, horizontal stripe furrow planting seedling, and 6~10 lis of ditching depth
Rice.
3, it sows
Sowing time: Herba Epimedii seed longeivity is short, should sow immediately after collecting seed mid-June.The seed of special circumstances storage
It should also be as finishing before freezing for the year.It can be sowed after next spring thaws in special circumstances.
Type of seeding:
1. broadcasting sowing: Herba Epimedii broadcasts sowing the shallow slot for digging 3~5 centimetres of depths in bed, is paved slot bottom with sieved mull,
Then it sows.0.5~1 centimetre after planting is covered with sieved mull, then covers the objects such as one layer of fallen leaves, to keep the soil water
Point.It disposably sprinkles profoundly water prior to seeding or after earthing.10~15 grams/m of application rate.
2. drilling: horizontal bed is ditched in bed for Herba Epimedii drilling, 10~15 centimetres of line-spacing, 3~4 centimetres of ditch depth.After holding ditch successfully,
Bottom sieve frame has been stepped on, then sowing in ditch, 0.5~1 centimetre of thickness of earth covering, the objects such as covering fallen leaves.Application rate is 10 grams/cubic metre.
3. hayashishita: the gentle slope that mountainous region hayashishita seed seedling-raising should select topography flat, underbrush, weeds are cleared up dry
Only, the overstocked tree of appropriate intermediate cutting, branch, make canopy density 0.5~0.7 or so.Then along hillside oblique line do wide 1.2 meters, it is high by 20~25
Centimetre bed, applied base fertilizer, by level land method for culturing seedlings sow.Mountainous region hayashishita rhizome nursery, underbrush, weeds are cleared, edge
Contour is made into planting belt, soil is dug pine by 30~50 centimetres of bandwidth, picking stem root can transplant.
4, nursery and transplanting
In the transplanting time of seed seedling-raising upper, the middle ten days for October next year, annual seedling is dug out into transplanting.The seedling that will be chosen
It is divided into third by large, medium and small, transplants respectively.When plant, ditch by 15~20 centimetres of line-spacing horizontal beds, 9~10 centimetres of ditch depth,
Seedling is put by 8~10 centimetres of spacing in the rows in ditch, fibrous root of make suring is unfolded, 6~8 cm thick of earthing, is slightly pressed.
In addition, the method for rhizome nursery are as follows: be divided by thickness and more hibernaculum plumpness ready rhizome third, use is dense
Degree is after No. 5 root-inducing powder liquid speeds of 50~100 mg/kgs soak 5 seconds kinds, to transplant respectively.When plant, by 20~25 centimetres of line-spacing
Horizontal bed trench digging, 10~15 centimetres of cultivation seedlings of spacing in the rows is pressed in ditch, 6~8 centimetres of earthing, are slightly pressed by 9~10 centimetres of ditch depth.After cultivation
It with vicious clever 3000 times of liquid or 600 times of liquid of carbendazim, is sterilized to bed surface, then covers bed surface with leaf.It can also be in hayashishita arrangement
It is transplanted on good planting belt, carries out semi-wild management.
Wherein, the method for wild transplantation of seedlings are as follows: the seeding-growth rhizome of excavation is cut into the segment of 10~15 centimeter lengths, every section must
Two or more more hibernaculums are protected, 5 seconds kinds of root is soaked with No. 5 root-inducing powder liquid of 50~100 mg/kg of concentration, transplants according to the above method.
The method for digging stem transplanting are as follows:
Dormant period transplanting: before 4-5 spring, the rudiment month or when the month in autumn 9-10 ground cauline leaf is withered, takes underground rhizome, take
Stems with bud, is cut into 8~10 centimetres of segments, 1-2 brood cell of every section of reservation, after gibberellin and root-inducing powder chemicals treatment, plant in
In item bed, 20 centimetres of 15 cm x of seeding row spacing covers 5 centimetres of fine earth, after treading, then covers 3-5 centimetres with wet leaf.
Growth period transplanting: cultivation under woods when 6-8 summer, the high temperature and rainy month.By the wild eugonic whole strain band soil mud of plant
It plants, with digging with cultivation in 24 hours, is preferably selected the cloudy day or front and back of raining.It 20 × 25 centimetres of seeding row spacing, 3-5 centimetres of earthing, treads
Afterwards, 3-5 centimetres of leaf is covered.This cultural method not slow seedling, high survival rate is up to 85% or more, and the growth of rhizome tiller bud is fast,
Second year Spring Equinox branch is more, yield is high.
5, field management
Fill the gaps with seedlings: Herba Epimedii pulls out dead seedling after next 2~March of spring emerges in time, weak seedling, sick seedling, and the cloudy day fills the gaps with seedlings plantation, with
Guarantee basic seedling amount.
Weeding: weeding is carried out in conjunction with intertillage in Herba Epimedii cultivation, is degree with the rare weeds of furrow face.It, can in the growth busy season
Every weeding in 10 days 1 time, autumn and winter can be weeding in 30 days or so 1 time.
Irrigate: the hygrophilous profit soil environment of Herba Epimedii, arid will cause its growth retardation or dead seedling.Keep Herba Epimedii soil wet
Degree 25~30%, relative air humidity is with 70~80%, if fine 5~6 days continuous in summer, with regard to must manually be poured sooner or later
Water.Watering uses water-saving irrigation, the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, preferably use drop it is dark fill, micro- spray, secretly technologies such as filling under film, to save use
Water.Planting base Nei Shui, electricity, road facility are mating, it is ensured that flood can arrange, drought can fill.Major trunk roads hardening, has field operation road and machine
Plough road.
Fertilising: Herba Epimedii is perennial plant.To carry out top dressing after transplanting in different ways every year.First Year after transplanting,
Foliage top dressing can be carried out, ordinary circumstance can carry out after lamina with green fruiting period respectively.After transplanting second year, foliage application is removed
Outside, lateral root top dressing should also be carried out.The spraying fertilizer time based on autumn, i.e., plant is withered, carries out before frozen soil, and with cake
Fertilizer, calcium superphosphate or decomposed pig manure are advisable.Fertilizer meets the regulation of NY/T 525.Fertilizer application is executed according to NY/T 496.
6, insect pest preventing and controlling
According to " putting prevention first, integrated control " principle, agricultural measures, physical control and ecological technique, open country are preferentially used
Crop applies insecticidal lamp and gyplure；Protected crop overall application fly net, mythimna separata colour table etc.；Scientific safe medication, pesticide with
Based on high-efficiency low-toxicity biological agent, Pesticide use meets the regulation of GB4285 and GB/T8321.
In plantation practice, accidental small beetle bite blade makes into hole, or has moth class larva bite seedling stalk or blade,
The insect pest phenomenon that stalk is bitten broken and endangers blade-shaped into reticulate pattern.Also accidental sooty mould occurs, and can influence the photosynthetic work of Herba Epimedii
With.Integrated pest control in agriculture measure can be taken, to improve the resistance of plant, the generation of pest and disease damage is reduced, receives good prevention and treatment
Effect.
1. Folium Epimedii foxiness blight
Symptom: this disease causes harm blade.Illness leaf disease spot, initial stage are brown spot, around there is yellow halo.Scab after extension
In irregular, edge bronzing to brown, middle part is in taupe；Later period scab taupe shrinks, black shot-like particle occurs,
This is the pycnidia of germ.Germ has generation in Herba Epimedii seedling stage and Adult plant, and more harm weight occurs with Seedling Stage.
Cause of disease: pathogeny detection is big Phoma fungi.
Characteristics of incidence: the disease pathogen is overwintering in invalid body with mycelium or pycnidia, can survive 8-9 months.
Spring in next year meets rain or wet weather, gushes out a large amount of conidium from the aperture of spore device, is propagated by wind and rain, insect vector
Carry out First aggression.It is constantly infected again under appropriate conditions later.Rainy high temperature season morbidity is serious, and storm passes are normal
Lead to prevalence.Tissue children is tender, is conducive to disease infection.15-38 DEG C of germ developmental temperature, 25 DEG C most suitable, Leishan County Tongji University hall is excessive
Sheep leaves of pulse plants medicinal material base general late April starts to fall ill, and endangers the serious phase 6-9 month.Chishui City in late April, 2011 is in wild excessive sheep
Find that this disease occurs on the leaves of pulse plants.
Control method: invalid body is removed in time and is destroyed, dip dyeing source is reduced.Early stage can be administered prevention and treatment, commonly use medicament
There is 600 times of 50% Zineb wettable powder, 50% 800 times of Tuzet wettable powder liquid, 1:1:160 Bordeaux mixture, 30%
600-800 times of liquid of copper oxychloride, 50% 500-600 times of carbendazol wettable powder liquid, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder
800-1000 times of liquid, 75% 500-600 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder.Above-mentioned medicament should be used alternatingly, in order to avoid generate anti-medicine
Property.
2. Herba Epimedii crinkle viral disease
Symptom: seedbed Seedling Stage.Leaf of catching an illness often shows as leaf texture's shrinkage, uneven, thickens, and deformity is in warp shape, seedling
Often there are 2 kinds of symptoms: floral leaf mottling in phase, field: sick leaf distortion distortion shrinkage injustice thickens non-uniform mottled in deep or light green
Floral leaf shape.Yellow mottle floral leaf shape: leaf texture of catching an illness moves back green in yellow mosaic plaque-like.
Cause of disease: Herba Epimedii crinkle viral disease is caused by virus infection.The disease can be propagated by modes such as entomophila, frictions.
Characteristics of incidence: 2010-2011 has found on Leishan, the ground such as improve literature.In Herba Epimedii growth period, this disease has generation.Seedling
This disease of bed nursery stage mostly occurs heavier.This sick field of seedling stage disperses, and endangers lighter.Virosis be usually pass through aphid,
The modes such as the entomophilas such as leafhopper, thrips, plant hopper or friction are propagated.Plant leaf portion chlorophyll of catching an illness is obstructed, and normal photosynthesis is by shadow
It rings, influences yield and quality.
Control method: the seedling of disease-free viral disease is 1. selected to reserve seed for planting.2. killing pass poisonous insect matchmaker in time in teasel root growth period.③
When disease symptom occurs, if prevention and treatment need to be administered, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 20% malicious jinx's 500 times of liquid of wettable powder can be selected, or
The sprinkling such as 0.5% 250-300 times of liquid of the aqua of counterpoison 1 or 20% virus, 500 times of liquid of peaceful water solube powder, every 7 days 1 time, even
With 3 times.Promote blade to turn green, unfold, mitigation is caused harm.Harvesting is discontinued medication for first 20 days.
3. Herba Epimedii rust
Symptom: germ is caused harm Herba Epimedii blade, fruit etc..There is unconspicuous dot, later period on initial stage blade in illness leaf
Leaf back becomes the pimple spot of orange-yellow micro-protuberance, as uredium.The uredospore of rust yellow is distributed after scab rupture, seriously
When blade it is withered；There is the pimple spot of orange-yellow micro-protuberance in illness fruit, and illness fruit is at mummy when serious.
Cause of disease: Herba Epimedii rust pathogeny is double born of the same parents' Rusts, Herba Epimedii rust uredospore ellipse, unit cell.
Onset condition: there is rust the 4-5 month every year, but endanger not serious.Germ heteroecism and the history of life are unknown.With
Teleutospore is overwintering on invalid body, tosses about spread in china with uredospore.High temperature, super-humid conditions easily induce the disease.
Control method: 1. cleaning rural area, strengthens management.2. removing alternate host.3. 15% triadimefon can be selected in period of disease
1000-1500 times of liquid of wettable powder is spraying.
4. Herba Epimedii powdery mildew
Symptom: the blade of Herba Epimedii is endangered.Early stage, face of blade or the back side generate the small amyloid plaque of white subcircular,
The unconspicuous large stretch of white powder area in edge is gradually expanded into, is covered with blade face, as having spread layer white powder.Erase white powder, it is seen that take off on blade face
It is green, it is withered and yellow to become fragile.When falling ill serious, blade face is covered with white powder, becomes canescence, until entire blade is withered.Odorless after the onset,
White powder is its obvious symptom.
Cause of disease: Herba Epimedii powdery mildew is oidium.Conidium is multicast on tender tissue by hearsay, in suitable ring
It is sprouted under the conditions of border, and epidermal cell is entered by cuticula and epidermal cell wall and is endangered.
Characteristics of incidence: for powdery mildew generally in warm, dry or moist environment susceptible disease, rainfall is then unfavorable for disease hair
It is raw.Nitrogen fertilizer application is excessive, and the disease is easily sent out when soil lacks calcium or potash fertilizer, and plant is overstocked, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, and morbidity is serious.Temperature
Acutely, soil overdrying etc. will all weaken the disease resistance of plant, and be conducive to the generation of disease for variation.In July, 2011 is in Guizhou
Leishan County investigation, there is this disease in Herba Epimedii natural cultivation base, but harm does not weigh.
Control method: 1. cleaning rural area, strengthens management.2. 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid or 75% first can be selected in period of disease
1000 times of liquid of base thiophanate are spraying.When disease contains hair, the medicaments such as 15% 1000 times of liquid of triadimefon can be sprayed and spray prevention and treatment.
5. Herba Epimedii physiological red-leaf disease
Symptom: this disease is usually in the exposed to appearance of no shade.Leaf portion moves back the green shape that takes on a red color that changes colour, and plant strain growth is obstructed,
It is short and small.The seedbed phase, aggrieved serious person plant may occur in which early death.Although general not dead but new after the aggrieved plant discoloration of seedling stage
It sprouts less, influences biological yield, the underproduction is significant.
Cause of disease: physiological disturbance, in the exposed to appearance of no shade.
Characteristics of incidence: as long as in the exposed to plantation Herba Epimedii of no shade, disease is annual occurs for this, but nursery stage it is aggrieved compared with
Weight, some long potential difference seedlings are aggrieved to be caused withered die.
Control method: nursery of 1. shading.2. base is planted, selection is shaded under strawberry tree, the arbors such as pine tree is planted.
7, harvesting management
Herba Epimedii after plantation 2 years can harvest, and August part is that Herba Epimedii growth and development is good, and nutritious substances accumulation is highest
Season, and strong drug action can harvest at this moment, and one mu can receive 450-500 kilograms of dried food and nuts.The Herba Epimedii trifoliolate leaf of harvesting；
Vanelets oval, long 3~8cm, wide 2~6cm；The micro- point of apex, terminal leaflet base portion is heart-shaped, and two sides leaflet is smaller, eccentric shape,
Outside is larger, is in ear, and edge has yellow setiform serration；Upper surface yellow green, lower surface celadon, master pulse 7~9,
Base portion has a sparse elongated hair, thready pulse two sides protrusion, and net vein is obvious；Petiolule grows 1~5cm.Blade nearly keratin.Gas is micro-, mildly bitter flavor.
Overground part cauline leaf is extracted with reaping hook when harvesting, thick stalk is gone to be bundled into wisp, side cut edge bundle, the same day transports dring yard back.It extracts
When cauline leaf, it is sure not for knife to be cut into soil, to prevent injuring rhizome and more hibernaculum, is sure not to uproop, in order to avoid influence growth next year.
The fresh Herba Epimedii cauline leaf of harvesting, cannot wash with water, nip stem foot part with hand, shake off or remove weeds, different
Object and invalid plant, to guarantee quality of medicinal material.Then, wisp is hung in the cool canopy put up in advance and is dried in the shade.Cool canopy will be located at height
There is rain-proof facility in dry ventilation.Never it is exposed to the sun in the sun or it is made to tie dew, in order to avoid influence the presentation quality of product.?
Far infrared tobacco flue-curing house can be used, carry out artificial drying.Dry standard is that water content is down to 14% or less.
And using the high performance liquid chromatography in " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " (2015 editions) to contained by the Herba Epimedii cauline leaf of harvesting
Icariin (C33H40O15) be measured, it is calculated by dry product, icariin (C33H40O15) content be 0.8% or more, much
Have exceeded state specified standards content.
After continuously harvesting several years, it often will affect the later period development of Herba Epimedii, influence its new leaf-making quantity for getting over hibernaculum and the coming year
And quality.For this purpose, breath 2-3 should be taken turns after continuously tapping 3-4 to restore population vigor.
It is above that certain exemplary embodiments of the invention are only described by way of explanation, undoubtedly, for ability
The those of ordinary skill in domain without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention can be with a variety of different modes to institute
The embodiment of description is modified.Therefore, foregoing description is regarded as illustrative in nature, and should not be construed as wanting right of the present invention
Ask the limitation of protection scope.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of implantation methods of Herba Epimedii, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seminal propagation, at 5 the end of month to early June, when pericarp is intended to be open, seed is exposed brown, in time by fruit
Under, accomplish to transport rear threshing back with adopting with ripe, impurity of winnowing with a dustpan out, timely fresh-retaining preserving；Selected seed requires sufficiently maturation, and shape is full
It is full complete, cause of disease miscellaneous bacteria is not carried, and Purity rate of seed is up to 80%, and 4.5~4.7 grams of mass of 1000 kernel, no mildew, germination percentage reaches 90%
More than；
After seed is chosen, with ultraviolet light 20~30 minutes, fertile soil or fertile soil are mixed using thin river sand or thin river sand
Storage, holding conditions are mixed with seed as matrix are as follows: first carry out matrix disinfection with the carbendazim of matrix weight 1%, then will
Matrix and seed are sufficiently mixed with the ratio of 3:1, are fitted into wooden case, are set and store in a cool and dry place, to there is rain shade,
Between want running check, prevent fever, water deficient, mildew etc., storage period is 2~3 months；
(2) selection of land is mounted the throne, and selects the natural conditions on Schattenseite or half yin and half yang slope, and 35 DEG C of the gradient is hereinafter, soil is the tree of subacidity
Leaf fertile soil, black loam or black sandy loam, by hayashishita ground turf rise walk, along slope break into wide 120~140 centimetres, it is high by 12~15
Centimetre item bed, horizontal stripe furrow planting seedling, 6~10 centimetres of ditching depth；
(3) it sows, the sowing time is after collecting seed mid-June, and type of seeding is broadcasts sowing, drilling or hayashishita are sowed；
(4) annual seedling is dug out transplanting on October next year, the middle ten days by nursery and transplanting；By the seedling chosen by it is big or middle,
It is small to be divided into third, it transplants respectively；When plant, ditch by 15~20 centimetres of line-spacing horizontal beds, 9~10 centimetres of ditch depth, in ditch by 8~
10 centimetres of spacing in the rows put seedling, and fibrous root of make suring is unfolded, 6~8 cm thick of earthing, slightly press.
2. the implantation methods of Herba Epimedii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (3) the specific side broadcasted sowing
Method are as follows: Herba Epimedii broadcasts sowing the shallow slot for digging 3~5 centimetres of depths in bed, paves slot bottom with sieved mull, then sows；
0.5~1 centimetre after planting is covered with sieved mull, then covers one layer of fallen leaves, to keep soil moisture；Prior to seeding or
It is disposably sprinkled profoundly water after earthing；10~15 grams/m of application rate.
3. the implantation methods of Herba Epimedii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the specific side of step (3) described drilling
Method are as follows: horizontal bed is ditched in bed for Herba Epimedii drilling, and 10~15 centimetres of line-spacing, 3~4 centimetres of ditch depth；After holding ditch successfully, bottom sieve frame has been stepped on,
Then sowing in ditch, 0.5~1 centimetre of thickness of earth covering, the objects such as covering fallen leaves；Application rate is 10 grams/cubic metre.
4. the implantation methods of Herba Epimedii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tool of step (3) the hayashishita sowing
Body method are as follows: the flat gentle slope of selection topography, underbrush, weeds are cleaned out, the overstocked tree of intermediate cutting, branch make canopy density
0.5~0.7 or so；Then along hillside, oblique line does wide 1.2 meters, high 20~25 centimetres of bed, has applied base fertilizer, has been made into along contour
Soil is dug pine by 30~50 centimetres of bandwidth by planting belt, and picking stem root can transplant.
5. the implantation methods of Herba Epimedii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the steps that field management, institute
Field management is stated to specifically include:
Fill the gaps with seedlings: Herba Epimedii pulls out dead seedling after next 2~March of spring emerges in time, weak seedling, sick seedling, and the cloudy day fills the gaps with seedlings plantation, with guarantee
Basic seedling amount；
Weeding: in the weed growth busy season, every weeding in 10 days 1 time；Weeding 1 time in autumn and winter every 30 days or so；
It irrigates: keeping Herba Epimedii soil moisture 25~30%, relative air humidity is with 70~80%；
Fertilising: First Year after transplanting carries out foliage top dressing, carries out after lamina with green fruiting period respectively；After transplanting second year, remove
Outside foliage application, also progress lateral root top dressing；The spraying fertilizer time plant is withered, carries out before frozen soil, and with cake fertilizer, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium or decomposed pig manure are fertilizer.
6. the implantation methods of Herba Epimedii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the steps that insect pest preventing and controlling, prevent
Controlling disease includes that Folium Epimedii foxiness blight, Herba Epimedii crinkle viral disease, Herba Epimedii rust, Herba Epimedii powdery mildew and Herba Epimedii are raw
Rationality red-leaf disease.
7. the implantation methods of Herba Epimedii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the steps that harvesting management, adopt
Be August part after plantation 2 years between time receiving, cauline leaf harvesting in ground be bundled into wisp when harvesting, be placed in shady and cool ventilation it is dry at dry in the shade
Or it dries or using artificial drying, its moisture content is made to be down to 14% or less；After continuously tapping 3~4 years, wheel breath 2~3 years with extensive
Multiple cropping group's vigor.
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| CN111149702A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-15 | 通化师范学院 | Rapid propagation method of root segment induced buds of Korean epimedium herb |
| CN111149465A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-15 | 通化师范学院 | Method for promoting morphological after-ripening of Korean epimedium seed embryo |
| CN111357574A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-03 | 国药集团同济堂（贵州）制药有限公司 | High-yield planting method of Epimedium sagittatum |
| CN113099968A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-13 | 乐山长藿中药材有限公司 | Epimedium pubescens seedling culture method |
| CN114766294A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-07-22 | 西和县百草堂中药材有限公司 | Method for cultivating bionic epimedium |
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| CN109452098A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-12 | 汉中天然谷生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of imitating wild planting process of Herba Epimedii |
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| CN111149465A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-15 | 通化师范学院 | Method for promoting morphological after-ripening of Korean epimedium seed embryo |
| CN111149465B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2023-08-04 | 通化师范学院 | Method for promoting morphological after-ripening of Korean epimedium seed embryo |
| CN113099968A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-13 | 乐山长藿中药材有限公司 | Epimedium pubescens seedling culture method |
| CN113099968B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-08-19 | 乐山长藿中药材有限公司 | Epimedium pubescens seedling culture method |
| CN114766294A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-07-22 | 西和县百草堂中药材有限公司 | Method for cultivating bionic epimedium |
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