CN106613193B - Method for controlling fruit cracking of physalis alkekengi - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling the dehiscence of a wintercherry fruit, which is used for carrying out field management on a wintercherry plant from the following three aspects: (1) and (3) water and fertilizer management: during fruit expansion, watering thoroughly once, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2-0.3% borax on leaf surfaces, and spraying 0.3-0.5% calcium chloride solution on leaf surfaces one week before fruit ripening to prevent fruit cracking; (2) plant adjustment: three-dry pruning and vine binding are carried out, topping is carried out in time, and redundant lateral branches and lower leaves are removed, so that ventilation, light transmission and fruit cracking prevention are facilitated; (3) and (3) environmental regulation: the method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating the berries in the open field, and temporarily building a rain shelter or shading if the berries fall into rain or strong light during fruit expansion; the method is characterized in that the wild berries are cultivated in a greenhouse, manual light supplement is needed when the illumination is insufficient, fruit cracking can be prevented by light supplement through a red and blue LED light source, and the fruit cracking is easy to occur when yellow light or green light irradiates. By the method, the cranberry can be effectively prevented from cracking, the appearance quality of the cranberry is improved, and waste caused by fruit cracking is reduced.

Description

Method for controlling fruit cracking of physalis alkekengi

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation management, in particular to a method for controlling the fruit cracking of physalis alkekengi.

Background

The berries, also known as calyx Seu fructus Physalis, calyx seu fructus Physalis, and calyx seu fructus Physalis, are dry calyx or calyx with fruit of Solanaceae plant Physalis alkekengi. The cause and effect is rich in nutrition, the efficacy function is obvious, the price is high, and various places are introduced for test planting. In the cultivation process, if the management is not proper, the mineral nutrition inside the plant is uneven or the external environment is not suitable, so that the mature fruit inside the berry persistent calyx is easy to crack, and the commodity performance of the mature fruit is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problem of cracking of mature fruits in the persistent calyx of the berries, the invention aims to: provides a method for controlling the fruit cracking of the wintercherry, so as to improve the appearance quality of the commodity and reduce unnecessary waste caused by fruit cracking.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for controlling the fruit cracking of the wintercherry comprises the following steps of carrying out field management on the wintercherry plants from the three aspects of water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment and environment regulation:

(1) and (3) management of water and fertilizer: during fruit expansion, watering thoroughly once, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2-0.3% borax on leaf surfaces, and spraying 0.3-0.5% calcium chloride solution on leaf surfaces one week before fruit ripening to prevent fruit cracking;

(2) and (3) plant adjustment: three-dry pruning and vine binding are carried out, topping is carried out in time, and redundant lateral branches and lower leaves are removed, so that ventilation, light transmission and fruit cracking prevention are facilitated;

(3) and (3) environmental regulation: the method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating the berries in the open field, and temporarily building a rain shelter or shading if the berries fall into rain or strong light during fruit expansion; the method is characterized in that the wild berries are cultivated in a greenhouse, manual light supplement is needed when the illumination is insufficient, fruit cracking can be prevented by light supplement through a red and blue LED light source, and the fruit cracking is easy to occur when yellow light or green light irradiates.

Preferably, the ratio of red blue light in the red blue LED light source is 3: 1.

Preferably, said berry plant is established after the final frost period of late ten days in 4 months, every 667m²The field planting of the wild berry 3400-3600 strain.

Preferably, the specific method for water and fertilizer management is as follows:

after field planting and seedling slowing, watering and additional seedling-accelerating fertilizer are combined, and 10kg/667m of urea is applied in holes²After the ridge is sealed, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied again by 10kg/667m²Pouring water for one time; spraying 15mg/L gibberellin in the flowering period to prevent flower falling, and applying 15kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer²To promote fruit development and plant growth; during fruit expansion, the plant is watered thoroughly and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2-0.3% boron are sprayed on the leavesSand, spraying 0.3-0.5% calcium chloride solution on leaf surface one week before fruit ripening to prevent fruit cracking; meanwhile, the root of the soil-shifting tiger is irrigated with 1000-fold liquid of 50 percent phoxim missible oil, and the white leaf disease is prevented by spraying with 1000-fold liquid of 25 percent triadimefon 800-fold or 600-fold liquid of 75 percent chlorothalonil wettable powder.

Preferably, when the variety of the sour berry is selected, a good variety which is not easy to crack fruits, strong in stress resistance, good in quality and high in yield is selected, and the physalis pubescens is preferably selected.

Preferably, the specific process of the seedling raising of the berry is as follows:

exposing the wild berry seeds in the sun for 2-3 days, scalding the seeds at 55 ℃, cooling to room temperature, kneading the seeds for 2-3 times, soaking the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10min to prevent germs, soaking the seeds in clear water for 15h, changing water for 3-4 times, taking out the seeds, uniformly stirring the seeds with fine sand, putting the seeds in a thermostat at 28 ℃ for accelerating germination for 3-4d, frequently turning the seeds during the period, washing the seeds with warm water for 2 times every day, and sowing the seeds after 80% of the seeds are exposed to white; selecting a plot of vegetables on which solanaceous fruits are not planted on the seedbed, and applying decomposed organic fertilizer 2000kg/667m²30kg/667m of compound fertilizer²Shallow turning and harrowing to form flat ridges with the width of 1 m; watering thoroughly, sowing, covering soil 1cm after sowing, covering with mulching film, covering with small arched shed, keeping warm and keeping moisture, and using amount of 350g/667m²(ii) a Keeping the temperature at 25-27 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night, keeping the bed temperature above 8 ℃, removing the mulching film after seedling emergence, dividing the seedlings when 2-3 main leaves exist, covering strong light for 2-3 days in the seedling revival stage, hardening the seedlings 1 week before field planting, and keeping the seedling age at 48-52 days.

Preferably, the concrete process of soil preparation and fertilization after the seedling cultivation of the berries is as follows:

selecting land with flat terrain, good fertility, loose soil and good drainage, and cultivating in open field or in greenhouse, selecting the first crop as herba Alii Fistulosi and Bulbus Allii, corn, wheat and rice, and performing rotation for more than 3 years; fertilizing decomposed farmyard manure 2000kg/667m²Deep ploughing, making high ridges after sun cutting, and covering with film for heat preservation and moisture preservation.

Preferably, the method for harvesting the berries comprises the following specific steps:

after the sour berries are ripe, the sour berries can naturally fall off and are picked up and harvested manually.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method can effectively prevent and control the fruit of the wintercherry from cracking, improve the appearance quality of the wintercherry, and reduce unnecessary waste caused by fruit cracking.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The method can control the cracking of the berries by adopting the following steps:

1. variety selection

Selecting good varieties which are not easy to crack fruits, strong in stress resistance, good in quality and high in yield, such as the especially large golden-rowed groundcherry.

2. Seedling raising

Exposing the wild berry seeds in the sun for 2-3 days, scalding the seeds at 55 ℃, cooling to room temperature, kneading the seeds for 2-3 times, soaking the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10min to prevent germs, soaking the seeds in clear water for 15h, changing water for 3-4 times, taking out the seeds, uniformly stirring the seeds with fine sand, putting the seeds in a thermostat at 28 ℃ for accelerating germination for 3-4d, frequently turning the seeds during the period, washing the seeds with warm water for 2 times every day, and sowing the seeds after 80% of the seeds are exposed to white; selecting a plot of vegetables on which solanaceous fruits are not planted on the seedbed, and applying decomposed organic fertilizer 2000kg/667m²30kg/667m of compound fertilizer²Shallow turning and harrowing to form flat ridges with the width of 1 m; watering thoroughly, sowing, covering soil 1cm after sowing, covering with mulching film, covering with small arched shed, keeping warm and keeping moisture, and using amount of 350g/667m²(ii) a Keeping the temperature at 25-27 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night, keeping the bed temperature above 8 ℃, removing the mulching film after seedling emergence, dividing the seedlings when 2-3 main leaves exist, covering strong light for 2-3 days in the seedling revival stage, hardening the seedlings 1 week before field planting, and keeping the seedling age at 48-52 days.

3. Soil preparation and fertilization

Selecting land with flat terrain, good fertility, loose soil and good drainage, and cultivating in open field or in greenhouse, selecting the first crop as herba Alii Fistulosi and Bulbus Allii, corn, wheat and rice, and performing rotation for more than 3 years; fertilizing decomposed farmyard manure 2000kg/667m²Deep ploughing, making high ridges after sun cutting, and covering with film for heat preservation and moisture preservation.

4. Management of field

(1) And (3) management of water and fertilizer: during fruit expansion, watering thoroughly once, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2-0.3% borax on leaf surfaces, and spraying 0.3-0.5% calcium chloride solution on leaf surfaces one week before fruit ripening to prevent fruit cracking;

preferably, the water and fertilizer management adopts the following steps: after field planting and seedling slowing, watering and additional seedling-accelerating fertilizer are combined, and 10kg/667m of urea is applied in holes²After the ridge is sealed, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied again by 10kg/667m²Pouring water for one time; spraying 15mg/L gibberellin in the flowering period to prevent flower falling, and applying 15kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer²To promote fruit development and plant growth; during fruit expansion, watering thoroughly once, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2-0.3% borax on leaf surfaces, and spraying 0.3-0.5% calcium chloride solution on leaf surfaces one week before fruit ripening to prevent fruit cracking; meanwhile, the root of the plant is irrigated with 1000 times of 50 percent phoxim missible oil to prevent and control cutworm, and the white leaf disease is prevented and controlled by spraying with 1000 times of 25 percent triadimefon 800-fold liquid or 600 times of 75 percent chlorothalonil wettable powder;

(2) and (3) plant adjustment: three-dry pruning and vine binding are carried out, topping is carried out in time, and redundant lateral branches and lower leaves are removed, so that ventilation, light transmission and fruit cracking prevention are facilitated;

(3) and (3) environmental regulation: the method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating the berries in the open field, and temporarily building a rain shelter or shading if the berries fall into rain or strong light during fruit expansion; the method is characterized in that the wild berries are cultivated in a greenhouse, manual light supplement is needed when the illumination is insufficient, fruit cracking can be prevented by light supplement through a red and blue LED light source, and the fruit cracking is easy to occur when yellow light or green light irradiates.

Preferably, the wild berry plants are planted after the final frost period in the first ten days of 4 months, and 3400-3600 wild berry plants are planted every 667m 2.

5. Harvesting

The ripe berries can naturally fall off, the ripe fruits are withered and yellow outside calyces, and the fruits are light yellow.

Wherein, the percentages referred to above are all mass percentages.

The method of the invention and the conventional method are respectively adopted for management, and the obtained data of the fruit cracking control rate of the wintercherry are shown in the following table 1: as can be seen from Table 1, the method of the present invention can effectively control the occurrence of fruit cracking of the wintercherry.

TABLE 1 control of different management levels for prevention of fruit cracking in sour pulp

Claims (7)

1. A method for controlling the fruit cracking of the wintercherry, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the field management is carried out on the berries from the three aspects of water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment and environment regulation:

(1) and (3) management of water and fertilizer: during fruit expansion, watering thoroughly once, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2-0.3% borax on leaf surfaces, and spraying 0.3-0.5% calcium chloride solution on leaf surfaces one week before fruit ripening to prevent fruit cracking;

(2) and (3) plant adjustment: three-dry pruning and vine binding are carried out, topping is carried out in time, and redundant lateral branches and lower leaves are removed, so that ventilation, light transmission and fruit cracking prevention are facilitated;

(3) and (3) environmental regulation: the method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating the berries in the open field, and temporarily building a rain shelter or shading if the berries fall into rain or strong light during fruit expansion; the method is characterized in that the wild berries are cultivated in a greenhouse, manual light supplement is needed when the illumination is insufficient, fruit cracking can be prevented by light supplement through a red and blue LED light source, and the fruit cracking can be easily caused by illumination of yellow light or green light;

the proportion of red blue light in the red blue LED light source is 3: 1;

the plant of the berry is planted after the final frost period of the last ten days of 4 months, and every 667m²The field planting of the wild berry 3400-3600 strain.

2. The method of controlling fruit dehiscence of wintercherry according to claim 1, wherein: the specific method for managing the water and the fertilizer comprises the following steps:

after field planting and seedling slowing, watering and additional seedling-accelerating fertilizer are combined, and 10kg/667m of urea is applied in holes²After the ridge is sealed, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied again by 10kg/667m²Pouring water for one time; spraying 15mg/L gibberellin in the flowering period to prevent flower falling, and applying 15kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer²To promote fruit development and plant growth; during fruit expansion, watering thoroughly once, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2-0.3% borax on leaf surfaces, and spraying 0.3-0.5% calcium chloride solution on leaf surfaces one week before fruit ripening to prevent fruit cracking; meanwhile, the root of the soil-shifting tiger is irrigated with 1000-fold liquid of 50 percent phoxim missible oil, and the white leaf disease is prevented by spraying with 1000-fold liquid of 25 percent triadimefon 800-fold or 600-fold liquid of 75 percent chlorothalonil wettable powder.

3. The method of controlling fruit dehiscence of wintercherry according to claim 1, wherein: when the variety of the berry is selected, a good variety which is not easy to crack fruits, strong in stress resistance, good in quality and high in yield is selected.

4. The method of controlling fruit dehiscence of wintercherry according to claim 3, characterized in that: the variety of the berry is physalis pubescens.

5. The method of controlling fruit dehiscence of wintercherry according to claim 1, wherein: the specific process of the sour berry seedling culture is as follows:

exposing the wild berry seeds in the sun for 2-3 days, scalding the seeds at 55 ℃, cooling to room temperature, kneading the seeds for 2-3 times, soaking the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10min to prevent germs, soaking the seeds in clear water for 15h, changing water for 3-4 times, taking out the seeds, uniformly stirring the seeds with fine sand, putting the seeds in a thermostat at 28 ℃ for accelerating germination for 3-4d, frequently turning the seeds during the period, washing the seeds with warm water for 2 times every day, and sowing the seeds after 80% of the seeds are exposed to white; selecting a plot of vegetables on which solanaceous fruits are not planted on the seedbed, and applying decomposed organic fertilizer 2000kg/667m²30kg/667m of compound fertilizer²Shallow turning and harrowing to form flat ridges with the width of 1 m; watering thoroughly, sowing, covering soil 1cm after sowing, covering with mulching film, covering with small arched shed, keeping warm and keeping moisture, and using amount of 350g/667m²(ii) a Maintaining at 25-27 deg.C in daytime and 12-15 deg.C at night, maintaining bed temperature above 8 deg.C, removing mulching film after seedling emergence, and allowing 2-3 main leavesDividing seedlings, shielding strong light for 2-3d in the seedling revival stage, hardening seedlings 1 week before planting, and keeping the seedling age at 48-52 d.

6. The method of controlling fruit dehiscence of wintercherry according to claim 1, wherein: the concrete process of soil preparation and fertilization after the seedling cultivation of the berries is as follows:

selecting land with flat terrain, good fertility, loose soil and good drainage, and cultivating in open field or in greenhouse, selecting the first crop as herba Alii Fistulosi and Bulbus Allii, corn, wheat and rice, and performing rotation for more than 3 years; fertilizing decomposed farmyard manure 2000kg/667m²Deep ploughing, making high ridges after sun cutting, and covering with film for heat preservation and moisture preservation.

7. The method of controlling fruit dehiscence of wintercherry according to claim 1, wherein: the method for harvesting the berries comprises the following specific steps: after the sour berries are ripe, the sour berries can naturally fall off and are picked up and harvested manually.