CN105684738A - Sunlight greenhouse tomato culture method - Google Patents
Sunlight greenhouse tomato culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105684738A CN105684738A CN201610024909.XA CN201610024909A CN105684738A CN 105684738 A CN105684738 A CN 105684738A CN 201610024909 A CN201610024909 A CN 201610024909A CN 105684738 A CN105684738 A CN 105684738A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sunlight greenhouse tomato culture method comprising the following steps: breed selection; greenhouse preparation; greenhouse disinfection; soil preparation and furrowing; building a bioreactor; seeds treatment; grafting seedling growing; transplanting and colonization; post-colonization management; proper harvesting. The culture management method can obviously improve greenhouse temperature and reduce disease generation, can prevent lightless condition from affecting overwintering vegetables, so the tomato market time can be reasonable, and a harvest time can last for 8 months; compared with a conventional facility sunlight greenhouse, the annual yield of the tomato using the novel method can be increased to a level above 30%; the novel culture method is simple, easy to apply, and the harvested tomato is good in fruit shape and color, smooth and juicy in pulp, good in tasting mouthfeel, and high in yield.
Description
Technical field
The technical field of crop cultivation that the invention belongs to, is specifically related to the cultural method of a kind of Tomato in Greenhouse。
Background technology
In recent years, the northern area of China industrialized agriculture is fast-developing, and the industrialized agriculture based on Cultivation in Greenhouse produces area and constantly expands, and becomes the important productive of a lot of regional development modern agriculture, increase wealth of bringing along farmers；Fructus Lycopersici esculenti has higher nutritive value, is loved by the people, and is also the Main Vegetable Species Suitable For Culture of facility cultivation；Along with growth in the living standard, people are more and more higher to the requirement of victual quality and quality safety, and traditional agriculture produces to pursue high yield for target, use chemical fertilizer, pesticide, hormone in a large number, cause that vegetable pesticide residue exceeds standard, soil compaction, salination, cause victual quality safety and agriculture production environment and have a strong impact on, become the key factor of engagement device Sustainable Development of Vegetable Industry。
Northern area belongs to semiarid continental monsoon climate, feature be winter cold very long, the lowest temperature reaches-30 DEG C, summer, sweltering heat was very brief, intensity of illumination is high, day and night temperature is big, spring, autumn many strong wind, greenhouse tomato survives the winter to produce and has higher economic benefit, but subject to the impact of the weather conditions such as low temperature, high humidity, few photograph so that production facility, Fruit variety, cultivation management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are had higher requirement by it, only create suitable working condition, the cultivation management measure of employing science, could realize the safe and efficient production of winter survival in greenhouse Fructus Lycopersici esculenti。
According to northern area climatic environment and productive prospecting, formulating the cultivation management system of science, set up the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control system of combination of putting prevention first, prevent and treat, to realizing, Tomato in Greenhouse safe and efficient production of surviving the winter is significant。
Summary of the invention
In view of this, present invention aims to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of system is reasonable, the cultural method of high yield, high-quality Tomato in Greenhouse。
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
The cultural method of a kind of Tomato in Greenhouse, specifically includes following steps:
(1) kind is selected: select a kind of tomato variety in Dean Na or powder girl's Na tomato variety；
(2) canopy room prepares: selecting the Japanese PO canopy film with heat insulation and transmission performance as the capital construction back wall of heliogreenhouse, canopy film surface is provided with heat-insulation layer, and described heat-insulation layer is that double-layer heat insulation is cotton；
(3) canopy room sterilization: canopy room is carried out soil disinfection, the stewing canopy of high temperature and the smoked canopy of fumicants and processes；
(4) do furrow wholely, use sufficient base fertilizer: in soil, apply bed material, execute for every mu and include the 30-40 square metre of rice husk excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 40-60 kilogram of N-P-K content is after the Ao Jia compound fertilizer of 16-14-20 and the base fertilizer of microbial bacterial agent of 50-70 kilogram, described base fertilizer mix homogeneously, is uniformly sprinkling upon on soil surface, after ploughing deeply 25-35 centimetre, do furrow wholely, wide row space is 70-90 centimetre, and little line-spacing is 50-70 centimetre, and ridge height is 15-25 centimetre。
(5) bioreactor is built, tailor-made industry ridge is opened 50-60 centimetre wide and ditch 20-25 centimetre deep, every mu adopts 3500-4500 kg corn straw and 7-12 kilogram of straw biological fermentation ditch special bacterium bent, and is placed on the interior rear earthing of ditch and covering with plastic film, forms heat-insulation layer；
(6) seed treatment: by hot water seed soaking 20-30min with 55 DEG C of the stock chosen and ingraftment seed, pull out after seed soaking 4-5h when water temperature is down to 28-30 DEG C, after keeping seed loose condition (of surface) to be filtered dry moisture, seed is placed in accelerating germination at 25-30 DEG C of temperature, seed warm water is cleaned 1 time by every day, just can sow when the broken mouth of major part seed exposes white radicle。
(7) graft seedling growth:
1. engrafting method
Stock selects fruit anvil 1, and cultigen Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is used in scion, and stock and scion are sowed simultaneously, and the grafting when stock and scion length are to 5-6 sheet true leaf, the method for grafting is to amplexiform。
2. the management after grafting
A, temperature treatment: after grafting first 3 days, day temperature is maintained at 25-27 DEG C, night 17-20 DEG C, ground temperature about 20 DEG C；It is gradually lowered temperature, daytime 23-26 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C after 3 days, after 10 days, removes Small plastic shed, enter normal management。
B, moisture management: after grafting, first 3 days Small plastic shed must not ventilate, and humidity preferably must be held in more than 95%, and Small plastic shed canopy film should be covered with droplet；Grafting starts, after 3 days, the dehumidifying that leaks informaton, and by humid control at 75%-80%, ventilation is not wilted with grafting and is as the criterion。C, management of sheltering from heat or light: within after grafting first 3 days, use Shading net covering Small plastic shed, it is to avoid direct sunlight；Within after grafting 4-6 days, seeing light and hocket with sheltering from heat or light, illumination at noon is sheltered from heat or light time strong, extends gradually simultaneously and sees the light time, sees that light is not wilted with blade and be as the criterion；Surviving along with grafting, to see that light, plant to be planted can remove sunshade net when no longer wilting after seeing light noon by phased manner later。
3. grafting survive after management
After 10 days, grafting starts growth, removes Small plastic shed and proceeds to normal management stage and the sprout tillers on stock of erasing in time。Now temperature control be: day temperature at 25-27 DEG C, night 13-16 DEG C, water management with see dry see wet as principle, when discovery table soil is dry, noon rice shoot have when slightly wilting, select fine day to water in right amount the morning, the water yield can not be excessive；Within before field planting 5-7 days, to be aerated cooling and carry out seedling exercising, get final product field planting when grafting has 6-7 sheet true leaf。
(8) survival after transplant
Before field planting, forced ventilation to be added and reduce temperature, during field planting, on high ridge, dig spacing in the rows 15-25 centimetre, the planting pit of line-spacing 60-70 centimetre, when seedling length to above-mentioned field planting requires, by seedling replanting field planting to the above-mentioned ground, ridge put in order, plantation density: every mu of 4700-4800 strain。
(9) management after field planting: plant manages, epidemic disaster manages, and fertilizing management, light filling manage and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(10) timely collecting: tamato fruit to be gathered after completing annesl in time, it is ensured that its good product characteristics。
Further: the described light filling measure in step (10) is every mu is on average provided with the suspension LED plant lamp that 100 red blue lights are 5:5。
Further: the engrafting method amplexiformed described in step (7) comprises the following steps:
1. stock is cut: being placed on operating board by rootstock seedling from taking out in seedbed, two panels true leaf is stayed in bottom, inclined cutter between the 2nd and the 3rd true leaf, and inclined-plane is long 0.6-0.8 centimetre, and inclination angle is 30 degree；
2. cutting scion: 2 leaf 1 hearts are stayed on scion Seedling top, in the 3rd oblique partial application in true leaf place of next-door neighbour, inclined-plane is long 0.6-0.8 centimetre, and inclination angle is 30 degree, close with stock interface size；
3. amplexiform: the scion Seedling otch cut and rootstock seedling cut alignment cambium layer are fit together；
4. fixed interface: fixing with Grafting clip after good interface, pith-cambium grafting method to use square opening Grafting clip。In time grafting is put into ready Small plastic shed, and sprays the generation of 800 times of pre-disease preventions of liquid of 50% carbendazim。
Further: the management of plant described in described step (9) be specially include laying fruit ear anti-folding folder, fall climing fall seedling, pollination, flower thinning vegetables and fruits；Described flower thinning vegetables and fruits are: carry out when Fructus Lycopersici esculenti the second fringe pit Fructus Persicae size changing head tube reason, break Fructus Lycopersici esculenti apical dominance；When Sansui fruit goes weak staying by force after gathering end, every mu of tomato planting density is removed in weak for Fructus Lycopersici esculenti strain and drops to 3200-3300 strain；Described pollination adopts drone pollination。
Further: described epidemic disaster management in described step (9) is particularly as follows: according to the requirement to temperature of the tomato growth after field planting, be aerated in time, the cotton-wadded quilt that rises and falls, employing greenhouse electricity remove the anti-electric growth-promoting machine of mist except mist isothermal, moisture management, require: suitable mean daily temperature is 18-20 DEG C, wherein day temperature 25-30 DEG C, night, minimum temperature was not less than 8-10 DEG C, enter and adopt winter the measure that heats to make day temperature maintain 25-30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature maintains 8-17 DEG C, and humid control is at 55%-80%。
Further: run into extreme weather, adopt what every mu of each use heated weight gaining fuel 8-10 block to heat measure。
Further: the fertilizing management described in step (9) is: the whole trophophase of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses under-film drip irrigation to carry out watering topdressing, topdress based on quick-acting potash fertilizer, carry out alternately using with the compound fertilizer that N-P-K content is 20-20-20 and the compound fertilizer that N-P-K content is 9-12-40, topdressing altogether the time of infertility 21 times, total topdressing amount is 165 kilograms；
Winter-spring season (April in November to next year) carries out carbon dioxide fertilization, and described carbon dioxide fertilization adopts hanging bag type, and each every mu uses 20 bags, and Pig is placed on the centre position of canopy, high 50 centimetres from plant strain growth point, within every 30 days, changes 1 time；
Fructus Lycopersici esculenti middle and late stage carries out foliage spray, and described foliage fertilizer adopts 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carries out spring application in the morning。
Further: air port place, particularly as follows: Applied Physics Pesticidal technology after field planting, is covered fly net, and hangs yellow plate in canopy by step (9) the described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in time, and yellow plate gauge lattice are 25cm × 40cm, and every mu is hung 28-32 and opens。
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
(1) present invention passes through production facility, Fruit variety, cultivation management, the whole process of prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc. is all scientific and reasonable, the Time To Market of reasonable adjusting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, and its collection period was up to 8 months, the more usual facility of yield the heliogreenhouse anniversary Fructus Lycopersici esculenti volume increase reach more than 30%；The enforcement simple, easily operated of this cultural method method, and the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti fruit of plantation gained shape and color pool is good, the fine and smooth succulence of sarcocarp, edible time good mouthfeel and yield high。
(2) swept area is introduced big, red blue light is than the suspension LED plant lamp for 5:5, effectively prevent the haze of winter-spring season on winter hard vegetable the impact of normal growth, particularly with now increasingly severe haze weather, the selection of LED plant lamp is just particularly important。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail。
The cultural method of a kind of Tomato in Greenhouse, specifically includes following steps:
(1) kind is selected: the sowing time of Greenhouse in North whole year production Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is in August, on the occasion of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) period occurred frequently, for preventing tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease from occurring, production is selected tomato variety Dean Na or powder girl's Na of resisting etiolation curve leaf disease virus, and Dean Na and powder girl's Na are commercial。
Dean Na is the precocious Steamed dumpling with pork，mushrooms and bamboo shoots Fructus Lycopersici esculenti that the anti-tomato yellow leaf curl virus introduced by Israel is sick, indeterminate growth, and growth potential is strong, and fruit is hard, storage tolerance, sepal is open and flat, attractive in appearance, and ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong, average fruit weight 220～260g, resistance against diseases is strong, is suitable for autumn delay, overwintering cultivation。
Powder girl's Na is the big Steamed dumpling with pork，mushrooms and bamboo shoots F 1 hybrid of tomato introduced by Holland, one dimensional infinite wall, mid-early maturity, and plant strain growth gesture is strong, and not senilism, ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong。Spherical fruit, fruit surface smooth, painted unanimously size is uniform, and young fruit is without green shoulder, mellow fruit pink, and fruit mass about 280g, yield is high, and commodity is good。The hard meat of skin is thick, and fruit is hard, and not dehiscent fruit, shelf life is long, storage tolerance。Strong adaptability, heat-resisting, cold-resistant, low light tolerance。High resistance TYLCV, Tomato yellow mosaic virus, leafmold resistance and droop。
(2) canopy room prepares: canopy film and covering are required significantly high by day-light greenhouse overwintering expert system, and the present invention uses the Japanese PO film promoted in recent years, possesses the outstanding advantages such as light transmission good, good heat preservation performance, quick heating。Adopt double-layer heat insulation cotton-wadded quilt to cover, it is ensured that in low temperature season canopy, minimum temperature is more than 8 DEG C, it is ensured that Fructus Lycopersici esculenti will not affect growth because damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature simultaneously。
(3) canopy room sterilization: for Fructus Lycopersici esculenti pest and disease damage problem, many times people only pay attention to carrying out spray medicine after Fructus Lycopersici esculenti suffers pest and disease damage, and now Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is damaged by pest and disease damage, and more difficult effective control。The present invention adopts and canopy room carries out the sterilization method that soil disinfection, the stewing canopy of high temperature and the smoked canopy of fumicants process, and kills pathogen and worm's ovum, thus in the generation of Sources controlling pest and disease damage。(4) do furrow wholely, use sufficient base fertilizer: in soil, apply bed material, execute for every mu and include the 30-40 square metre of rice husk excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 40-60 kilogram of N-P-K content is after the base fertilizer of microbial bacterial agent of the Ao Jia compound fertilizer of 16-14-20 and 50-70 kilogram, this base fertilizer mix homogeneously, is uniformly sprinkling upon on soil surface, after ploughing deeply 25-35 centimetre, do furrow wholely, wide row space 70-90 is centimetre, and little line-spacing 50-70 is centimetre, and ridge height 15-25 is centimetre。
(5) build bioreactor: straw nuclear reactor art in recent years in the winter time in greenhouse production application effect notable, ground temperature 3～4 DEG C can be improved, too increase the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide, it is ensured that day-light greenhouse overwintering vegetable can carry out normal growth in the winter time simultaneously。Opening 50-60 centimetre wide, ditch 20-25 centimetre deep on tailor-made industry ridge, every mu adopts 3500-4500 kg corn straw and 7-12 kilogram of straw biological fermentation ditch special bacterium bent, and is placed on the interior rear earthing of ditch and covering with plastic film, forms heat-insulation layer；
(6) seed treatment: by hot water seed soaking 20-30min with 55 DEG C of the stock chosen and ingraftment seed, pull out after seed soaking 4-5h when water temperature is down to 28-30 DEG C, after keeping seed loose condition (of surface) to be filtered dry moisture, seed is placed in accelerating germination at 25-30 DEG C of temperature, seed warm water is cleaned 1 time by every day, just can sowing when the broken mouth of major part seed exposes white radicle, the principle of seedling management is to control water and fertilizer, owing to using special seedling medium, nutrient is relatively more complete, and Seedling Stage need not topdress。
(7) graft seedling growth:
1. engrafting method
Stock selects fruit anvil 1, and this kind is the tomato stock kind that Vegetable Research Centre, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forest Sciences cultivates, and has the multiple resistance such as anti-blight, root-knot nematode, well developed root system, and growth potential is strong, good with scion affinity。Cultigen Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is used in scion, and stock and scion are sowed simultaneously, the grafting when stock and scion length are to 5-6 sheet true leaf, and the method for grafting is to amplexiform, and this method of amplexiforming comprises the following steps:
A, cut stock。Being placed on operating board by rootstock seedling from taking out in seedbed, two panels true leaf is stayed in bottom, inclined cutter between the 2nd and the 3rd true leaf, and inclined-plane is long 0.6-0.8 centimetre, and inclination angle is 30 degree；
B, cut scion。2 leaf 1 hearts are stayed on scion Seedling top, and in the 3rd oblique partial application in true leaf place of next-door neighbour, inclined-plane is long 0.6-0.8 centimetre, and inclination angle is 30 degree, close with stock interface size；
C, amplexiform。The scion Seedling otch cut and rootstock seedling cut alignment cambium layer are fit together；
My god, fixed interface。Fixing with Grafting clip after good interface, pith-cambium grafting method to use square opening Grafting clip。In time grafting is put into ready Small plastic shed, and sprays the generation of 800 times of pre-disease preventions of liquid of 50% carbendazim。
This engrafting method is simple to operate, and grafting speed is fast, and grafting wound surface is big, is conducive to slow Seedling, and graft survival rate is high, up to about 95%。
2. the management after grafting
A, temperature treatment: after grafting first 3 days, day temperature is maintained at 25-27 DEG C, night 17-20 DEG C, ground temperature about 20 DEG C；It is gradually lowered temperature, daytime 23-26 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C after 3 days, after 10 days, removes Small plastic shed, enter normal management。
B, moisture management: after grafting, first 3 days Small plastic shed must not ventilate, and humidity preferably must be held in more than 95%, and Small plastic shed canopy film should be covered with droplet；Grafting starts, after 3 days, the dehumidifying that leaks informaton, and by humid control at 75%-80%, will leak informaton every day dehumidifying, in case in seedbed, long-time humidity is too high causes rotten Seedling。Seedbed ventilation must be first little rear big, does not wilt with grafting after ventilating and is advisable, and grafting occurs to close canopy film in time when wilting。
C, management of sheltering from heat or light: within after grafting first 3 days, use Shading net covering Small plastic shed, it is to avoid direct sunlight；Within after grafting 4-6 days, seeing light and hocket with sheltering from heat or light, illumination at noon is sheltered from heat or light time strong, extends gradually simultaneously and sees the light time, sees that light is not wilted with blade and be advisable；Surviving along with grafting, to see that light, plant to be planted can remove sunshade net when no longer wilting after seeing light noon by phased manner later。
3. grafting survive after management
After 10 days, grafting starts growth, removes Small plastic shed and proceeds to normal management stage and the sprout tillers on stock of erasing in time。Now temperature control be: day temperature at 25-27 DEG C, night about 15 DEG C, water management with see dry see wet as principle, water excess can not be watered, can not overdrying, when discovery table soil is dry, noon rice shoot have when slightly wilting, selecting fine day to water in right amount the morning, the water yield is unsuitable excessive；Within before field planting 5-7 days, to be aerated cooling and carry out seedling exercising, make the stocky stalwartness of young plant, to adapt to the field conditions after field planting, get final product field planting when grafting has 6-7 sheet true leaf。
(8) survival after transplant
Before field planting, forced ventilation to be added and reduce temperature, during field planting, on high ridge, dig spacing in the rows 15-25 centimetre, the planting pit of line-spacing 60-70 centimetre, when seedling length to above-mentioned field planting requires, by seedling replanting field planting to the above-mentioned ground, ridge put in order, plantation density: every mu of 4700-4800 strain。
(9) management after field planting: plant manages, epidemic disaster manages, and fertilizing management, light filling manage and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
1. plant management be specially include laying fruit ear anti-folding folder, fall climing fall seedling, pollination, flower thinning vegetables and fruits, wherein fruit stem Fang Zhejiashi Beijing City Agriculture Technology Spreading Station is by the new technique abroad introduced, lay the anti-folding folder of fruit ear handle, the effect reinforced fruit stem, prevent bending can be played, can ensure that again the smooth and easy transport of nutrition and moisture, improve fruit mass and yield, surveyed by field and produce the tomato production promoting using the anti-folding folder of fruit stem about 10%；The Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of Long term cultivation, growth cycle is long, and plant height is higher than canopy room height, needs seedling during growth, and fall seedling intricate operation and be not easy to operation, and the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti climing folder that falls is easy for operation, and cost is low, reusable 3 years。The Fructus Lycopersici esculenti climing folder that falls is commercial, and the popularization of technique not only alleviates the labor intensity of peasant, and solves plant strain growth process and decline a climing difficult problem, plays facilitation to improving crop yield；Described flower thinning vegetables and fruits are: carry out when Fructus Lycopersici esculenti the second fringe pit Fructus Persicae size changing head tube reason, break Fructus Lycopersici esculenti apical dominance；When Sansui fruit goes weak staying by force after gathering end, every mu of tomato planting density is removed in weak for Fructus Lycopersici esculenti strain and drops to 3200-3300 strain；Described pollination adopts drone pollination, and bumblebee pollination is spontaneous pollination, not by the restriction of plant height, time and date, saves labour cost, reduces artificial pollination workload and labor intensity。What is more important can avoid the chemical contamination problem that HORMONE TREATMENT is brought, comparing artificial hormone pollination, bumblebee pollination output increased more than 10%, selling price is more first than the conventional high 0.3-0.4 of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti every kilogram, fruit quality can be improved, be conducive to the production of safe vegetable。
2. epidemic disaster management is particularly as follows: according to the requirement to temperature of the tomato growth after field planting, be aerated in time, the cotton-wadded quilt that rises and falls, employing greenhouse electricity remove mist anti-electric growth-promoting machine (commercial) except mist isothermal, moisture management, greenhouse electricity can purify greenhouse air except the anti-electric growth-promoting machine of mist and effectively remove fog, reduce canopy room humidity, this equipment reaches the effect of growth-promoting diseases prevention by space electric field effect, effectively prevent gas disease simultaneously, suppress soil-borne disease around root system, and can improve vegetable tolerance successive cloudy days ability, reduce Pesticide use amount。Epidemic disaster requires: suitable mean daily temperature is 18-20 DEG C, wherein day temperature 25-30 DEG C, night, minimum temperature was not less than 8-10 DEG C, enter day temperature maintenance in winter 25-30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature maintains 8-17 DEG C, and humid control, at 55%-80%, runs into extreme weather, adopt every mu of each use to heat temporarily heating of weight gaining fuel 8-10 block, room temperature 2-5 DEG C can be improved。
3. fertilizing management is: the whole trophophase of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses under-film drip irrigation to carry out watering topdressing, topdress based on quick-acting potash fertilizer, main N-P-K content is the compound fertilizer of 20-20-20 and compound fertilizer that N-P-K content is 9-12-40 carries out alternately using, topdressing altogether the time of infertility 21 times, total topdressing amount is 165 kilograms；Gas concentration lwevel in winter-spring season canopy is relatively low, for strengthening photosynthesis, (April in November to next year) carries out carbon dioxide fertilization, described carbon dioxide fertilization adopts hanging bag type, each every mu uses 20 bags, Pig is placed on the centre position of canopy, high 50 centimetres from plant strain growth point, within every 30 days, changes 1 time；Fructus Lycopersici esculenti middle and late stage carries out foliage spray, and described foliage fertilizer adopts 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carries out spring application in the morning, the least possible during this period of time waters, in order to avoid reducing gentle canopy room, ground temperature。
4. the haze weather of winter-spring season has a strong impact on the normal growth of winter hard vegetable, it is therefore necessary to carry out light filling for vegetable。LED light supplement lamp is illumination as a supplement, it is possible to extends the effective lighting time。The blue light of LED light supplement lamp is conducive to plant leaf blade growth, red light to be conducive to flowering of plant and result。Survey result shows, the not only growing way of the tomato plant under LED light supplement lamp will significantly better than the region not having light compensating lamp to irradiate, the suspension LED plant lamp selecting red blue light to be 5:5, and every mu is on average provided with 100。More than 15% can be increased production。
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: Applied Physics Pesticidal technology after field planting, in time air port place is covered fly net, and in canopy, hang yellow plate, yellow plate gauge lattice are 25cm × 40cm, and every mu is hung 28-32 and opens, is managed according to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control " to gathering from field planting, owing to adopting multinomial Novel matched technology, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti does not have obvious pest and disease damage to occur the time of infertility, and growing way is vigorous。
(10) timely collecting: tamato fruit to be gathered after completing annesl in time, it is ensured that its good product characteristics。
The present invention is from production facility, Fruit variety, cultivation management is all scientific and reasonable to the whole process of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc., the Time To Market of reasonable adjusting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, and its collection period was up to 8 months, the more usual facility of yield the heliogreenhouse anniversary Fructus Lycopersici esculenti volume increase reach more than 30%；The enforcement simple, easily operated of this cultural method method, and the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti fruit of plantation gained shape and color pool is good, the fine and smooth succulence of sarcocarp, edible time good mouthfeel and yield high。
What finally illustrate is, preferred embodiment above is only in order to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, although the present invention being described in detail by above preferred embodiment, but skilled artisan would appreciate that, in the form and details it can be made various change, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range。
Claims (9)
1. the cultural method of a Tomato in Greenhouse, it is characterised in that: specifically include following steps:
(1) kind is selected: select the one in Dean Na or powder girl's Na tomato variety；
(2) canopy room prepares: selecting the Japanese PO canopy film with heat insulation and transmission performance as the capital construction back wall of heliogreenhouse, canopy film surface is provided with heat-insulation layer, and described heat-insulation layer is double-layer heat insulation cotton-wadded quilt；
(3) canopy room sterilization: canopy room is carried out soil disinfection, the stewing canopy of high temperature and the smoked canopy of fumicants and processes；
(4) do furrow wholely, use sufficient base fertilizer: in soil, apply bed material, using for every mu and include the 30-40 square metre of rice husk excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 40-60 kilogram of N-P-K content is the base fertilizer of the microbial bacterial agent of the Ao Jia compound fertilizer of 16-14-20 and 50-70 kilogram, after described base fertilizer mix homogeneously, uniformly it is sprinkling upon on soil surface, after ploughing deeply 25-35 centimetre, doing furrow, wide row space is 70-90 centimetre wholely, little line-spacing is 50-70 centimetre, and ridge height is 15-25 centimetre；
(5) bioreactor is built, tailor-made industry ridge is opened 50-60 centimetre wide and ditch 20-25 centimetre deep, every mu adopts 3500-4500 kg corn straw and 7-12 kilogram of straw biological fermentation ditch special bacterium bent, and is placed on the interior rear earthing of ditch and covering with plastic film, forms heat-insulation layer；
(6) seed treatment: by hot water seed soaking 20-30min with 55 DEG C of the stock chosen and ingraftment seed, pull out after seed soaking 4-5h when water temperature is down to 28-30 DEG C, after keeping seed loose condition (of surface) to be filtered dry moisture, seed is placed in accelerating germination at 25-30 DEG C of temperature, seed warm water is cleaned 1 time by every day, just can sow when the broken mouth of major part seed exposes white radicle；
(7) graft seedling growth:
1. grafting step is as follows:
Stock selects fruit anvil 1, and cultigen Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is used in scion, and stock and scion are sowed simultaneously, and the grafting when stock and scion length are to 5-6 sheet true leaf, the method for grafting is to amplexiform；
2. the management after grafting
A, temperature treatment: after grafting first 3 days, day temperature is maintained at 25-27 DEG C, night 17-20 DEG C, ground temperature about 20 DEG C；It is gradually lowered temperature, daytime 23-26 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C after 3 days, after 10 days, removes Small plastic shed, enter normal management；
B, moisture management: after grafting, first 3 days Small plastic shed must not ventilate, and humidity is maintained at more than 95%, and Small plastic shed canopy film should be covered with droplet；Grafting starts, after 3 days, the dehumidifying that leaks informaton, and by humid control at 75%-80%, ventilation is not wilted with grafting and is as the criterion；
C, management of sheltering from heat or light: within after grafting first 3 days, use Shading net covering Small plastic shed, it is to avoid direct sunlight；Within after grafting 4-6 days, seeing light and hocket with sheltering from heat or light, illumination at noon is sheltered from heat or light time strong, extends gradually simultaneously and sees the light time, sees that light is not wilted with blade and be advisable；Surviving along with grafting, to see that light, plant to be planted can remove sunshade net when no longer wilting after seeing light noon by phased manner later；
3. grafting survive after management
After 10 days, grafting starts growth, removes Small plastic shed and proceeds to normal management stage and the sprout tillers on stock of erasing in time；Now temperature control be: day temperature at 25-27 DEG C, night 13-16 DEG C, water management with see dry see wet as principle, when discovery table soil is dry, noon rice shoot have when slightly wilting, select fine day to water in right amount the morning, the water yield can not be excessive；Within before field planting 5-7 days, to be aerated cooling and carry out seedling exercising, get final product field planting when grafting has 6-7 sheet true leaf；
(8) survival after transplant
Before field planting, forced ventilation to be added and reduce temperature, during field planting, on high ridge, dig spacing in the rows 15-25 centimetre, the planting pit of line-spacing 60-70 centimetre, when seedling length to above-mentioned field planting requires, by seedling replanting field planting to the above-mentioned ground, ridge put in order, plantation density: every mu of 4700-4800 strain；
(9) management after field planting: plant manages, epidemic disaster manages, and fertilizing management, light filling manage and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(10) timely collecting: tamato fruit to be gathered after completing annesl in time, it is ensured that its good product characteristics。
2. the cultural method of Tomato in Greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the described light filling measure in step (10) is every mu is on average provided with the suspension LED plant lamp that 100 red blue lights are 5:5。
3. the cultural method of Tomato in Greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the engrafting method amplexiformed described in step (7) comprises the following steps:
1. stock is cut: being placed on operating board by rootstock seedling from taking out in seedbed, two panels true leaf is stayed in bottom, inclined cutter between the 2nd and the 3rd true leaf, and inclined-plane is long 0.6-0.8 centimetre, and inclination angle is 30 degree；
2. cutting scion: 2 leaf 1 hearts are stayed on scion Seedling top, in the 3rd oblique partial application in true leaf place of next-door neighbour, inclined-plane is long 0.6-0.8 centimetre, and inclination angle is 30 degree, close with stock interface size；
3. amplexiform: the scion Seedling otch cut and rootstock seedling cut alignment cambium layer are fit together；
4. fixed interface: fixing with Grafting clip after good interface, pith-cambium grafting method to use square opening Grafting clip, puts into grafting ready Small plastic shed in time, and sprays the generation of 800 times of pre-disease preventions of liquid of 50% carbendazim。
4. the cultural method of Tomato in Greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the management of plant described in described step (9) be specially include laying fruit ear anti-folding folder, fall climing fall seedling, pollination and flower thinning vegetables and fruits；Described flower thinning vegetables and fruits, particularly as follows: carry out when Fructus Lycopersici esculenti the second fringe pit Fructus Persicae size changing head tube reason, break Fructus Lycopersici esculenti apical dominance；When Sansui fruit goes weak staying by force after gathering end, every mu of tomato planting density is removed in weak for Fructus Lycopersici esculenti strain and drops to 3200-3300 strain；Described pollination adopts drone pollination。
5. the cultural method of Tomato in Greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described epidemic disaster management in described step (9) is particularly as follows: according to the requirement to temperature of the tomato growth after field planting, be aerated in time, the cotton-wadded quilt that rises and falls, except temperature and humidity managements such as mists, require: suitable mean daily temperature is 18-20 DEG C, wherein day temperature 25-30 DEG C, night, minimum temperature was not less than 8-10 DEG C, enter and adopt winter the measure that heats to make day temperature maintain 25-30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature maintains 8-17 DEG C, and humid control is at 55%-80%。
6. the cultural method of Tomato in Greenhouse according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described in heat measure and be specially every mu of each use and heat weight gaining fuel 8-10 block。
7. the cultural method of Tomato in Greenhouse according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described it is specially employing greenhouse electricity except the anti-electric growth-promoting machine of mist except mist。
8. the cultural method of Tomato in Greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: fertilizing management described in step (9) is: the whole trophophase of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses under-film drip irrigation to carry out watering topdressing, topdress based on quick-acting potash fertilizer, carry out alternately using with the compound fertilizer that N-P-K content is 20-20-20 and the compound fertilizer that N-P-K content is 9-12-40, topdressing altogether the time of infertility 21 times, total topdressing amount is 165 kilograms；
Winter-spring season (April in November to next year) carries out carbon dioxide fertilization, described carbon dioxide fertilization adopts hanging bag type, and each every mu uses 20 bags, and Pig is placed on the centre position of canopy, high 50 centimetres from plant strain growth point, every 30 days (my god) change 1 time；
Fructus Lycopersici esculenti middle and late stage carries out foliage spray, and described foliage fertilizer adopts 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carries out spring application in the morning。
9. the cultural method of Tomato in Greenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control described in step (9) is particularly as follows: Applied Physics Pesticidal technology after field planting, in time air port place is covered fly net, and in canopy, hang yellow plate, yellow plate gauge lattice are 25cm × 40cm, and every mu is hung 28-32 and opens。
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| CN108834779A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-20 | 河南科技学院 | A method of cultivating day-light greenhouse overwintering stubble tomato high yield plant type |
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