CN102577825A - High-yield and pollution-free cultivation method for strawberries - Google Patents
High-yield and pollution-free cultivation method for strawberries Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield and pollution-free cultivation method for strawberries, comprising the following steps: carrying out tissue culture to obtain virus-free strawberries, taking the strawberries out from a bottle, lifting seedlings lightly, washing roots to remove a culture medium, airing to remove moisture, planting in a seedling-culturing tray filled with a substrate in holes; planting plantlets with a row distance of 1.5m and a plant distance of 0.8m when tissue culture plantlets come into 4-5 leaf stage; keeping temperature during the daytime at 15-20 DEG C and the temperature during the nighttime at 8-10 DEG C in the germinating to flower bud stages; preventing freezing damage in the whole growth period and excessive plant growth caused by temperature drift or insufficient ventilation, reinforcing management, preventing high temperature and high humidity; removing diseased leaves and diseased fruits in time so as to relieve diseases remarkably; controlling gray mold; preventing high humidity, excessive fertilizers, over-high plant density and excessive growth, and keeping sufficient ventilation; and picking and collecting the strawberries once every 1-2 days when the coloring area of the strawberries reaches 70%, wherein the picking and collecting time is selected to be at dusk or in the period from the moment with no water drop in a greenhouse to the moment before the arrival of high temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of strawberry high-yielding non-pollution cultivation method.
Background technology
Fragaria perennial root perennial evergreen herbaceous plant, it is strong to have adaptability, plant is short and small, growth cycle is short, breeding rapidly, characteristic such as cost is low.Strawberry is prone to cultivation, can yield positive results then, and output is high, and listing early, and is good in economic efficiency.Generally per mu yield value then reaches 3 ~ 40,000 yuan, and net profit is peasant's " short, flat, fast " road of getting wealth also at ~ 3 ten thousand yuan.Because strawberry is bright in colour, unique flavor, sour-sweet can day, fragrant succulence, nutritious, be rich in multivitamin and amino acid, be loved by the people.It is main with the greenhouse by solar heat cultivation that present grass is suddenly produced many,
The purpose of greenhouse by solar heat cultivation is to impel strawberry precocious, realizes anti-season production, satisfies the market demand of producing dull season.Be to improve the yield and quality of strawberry, carried out the strawberry detoxication and tissue culture and grown seedlings and the research of nuisanceless production supporting technology, the susceptible rate of plant drops to 2% from original 30%.
Summary of the invention
One of the object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme:
(1) grow seedlings: the strawberry stolon shoot tip meristem of drawing materials is a culture materials, in the desinfection chamber, earlier with 70% alcohol disinfecting 30s; With 0.1% mercuric chloride sterilization, 6 ~ 8min, wash repeatedly 6 ~ 8 times with sterile water at last again, fully remove residual mercuric chloride; After peelling off bract of stem apex outermost layer; In this horizontal partial application in bract trace place, middle choose small growing point rapidly with dissecting needle in crosscut then, also can directly squeeze out growing point.With MS is minimal medium, sugaring 15 ~ 30g, agar 6g, the basic element of cell division 0.25 ~ 1.0mg, auximone 0.05 ~ 0.1mg.Bottle graft is gone into one and is connect material, and at 2 ~ 10 ℃, intensity of illumination 1500 ~ 20002lx, light application time 12h every day, group training detoxification strawberry bottle outlet is carried seedling gently, cleans the root medium, dries moisture, and hole pressing is planted in the seedling-cultivating tray that installs matrix; Matrix is for respectively 1/3 formulated with turfy soil, humic bark, perlite, and in matrix, admixes dry chicken manure, stalk end and cake fertilizer.
(2) refining seedling: the strawberry seedling is grown on root media, root of hair, when root length is 0.5 ~ 1cm, opens bottle cap; In bottle, replenish a spot of sterile water with little sprayer; Cover bottleneck with film or glass then, continue to place culturing room to cultivate 5 days, under natural daylight, took exercise 3 ~ 4 days;
(3) transplant: during tissue cultivating seedling 4-5 leaf, seedling is pressed line-spacing 1. 5 m, spacing in the rows 0. 8 m plant; Nafusaku with 5 ~ 10 mg/kg before transplanting soaked root 2 ~ 6 hours, and is obvious to the hestening rooting effect, helps planting the back and becomes to live and growth.Before the field planting, in conjunction with ploughing deeply per 666. 7m
2Execute the fertilizer 5000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and soya-bean cake fertilizer are best, and add superphosphate 100kg, potassium sulphate 30kg; Leveling rake is thin, support ridger then, and about the high 20cm in ridge, ridge face width 55cm; The wide 25cm of furrow carries out when watering field planting water after large-ridge double-row is planted and planting root unfolded placing in the cave, insert carefully then on, compacting; Mention seedling gently, make root system and on combine closely, water normal root water after planting immediately 1 time, amount is unsuitable excessive.
(3) Temperature and Humidity Control: rudiment to squaring period, day temperature should be controlled at 15 ~ 20 ℃, and at 8 ~ 10 ℃ of nights, the whole growth phase will prevent freeze injury, more will prevent to cause plant excessive growth because of temperature drift or improper ventilation; The fruit expanding period temperature is to be controlled at 20 ~ 25 ℃ daytime, 6 ~ 8 ℃ of nights.Relative moisture can be controlled in 60% ~ 70%;
(4) rich water control: every mu of sealing fertilizer consumption 20kg, after the water dissolving, interval 7 ~ 10d left and right sides Shi Yici; The urea that general 7 ~ 10d foliage-spray is one time 0.3% ~ 0.5%; 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium phosphate,monobasic, 0.1% ~ 0.3% boric acid, 0.03 % manganese sulphate or multi-component composite fertilizer or farm chemical for increasing yield, organic nutrient solution for cultivating such as 2003; To improve fruit weight and sugar content, make fruity more delicious;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest: strengthen management, prevent hot and humidly, in time remove the disease leaf, sick fruit can obviously alleviate disease, prevents and treats gray mold, prevent high humidity, many fertile, overstocked, excessive growth, the maintenance well-ventilated.Prevent and treat and can spray 1:1:200 bordeaux mixture, Polyoxin, Sukeling, iprodione etc. before gray mold is bloomed, their early stage can spray 10% generation high-moisture shot agent 1000 ~ 1500 liquid or 1000 times of liquid of more than 50% mould clear pulvis; Prevent and treat bud blight, prevent high humidity, too much pour water, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, can spray Polyoxin squaring period; Leaf spot can be preceding in spending, adopt back spray 1200 times of liquid of 50% iprodione wetting powder or 1000 times of liquid of Pola peace; Root rot can be used 800 times of liquid irrigating roots of 30% compound carbendazim; Powdery mildew can be sprayed three ketone, alkene mile alcohol, and per 666. 7m2 of also available 45% chlorothalonil smoke once use the lkg smoked kill.
(6) flower and fruit thinning: dredge to remove senior the flower that is prone to female sterile, extract sick fruit with
Too much young fruit;
(7) gather: reaching 70% when fruit color can gather, and receive 1 time at a distance from 1 ~ 2 day; Collecting time to select in the greenhouse anhydrous drip to high temperature and arrive before, or gather at dusk.
Embodiment
Below will carry out detailed description to the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment has been merely explanation the present invention, rather than in order to limit protection scope of the present invention.
(1) grow seedlings: the strawberry stolon shoot tip meristem of drawing materials is a culture materials, in the desinfection chamber, earlier with 70% alcohol disinfecting 30s; With 0.1% mercuric chloride sterilization, 6 ~ 8min, wash repeatedly 6 ~ 8 times with sterile water at last again, fully remove residual mercuric chloride; After peelling off bract of stem apex outermost layer; In this horizontal partial application in bract trace place, middle choose small growing point rapidly with dissecting needle in crosscut then, also can directly squeeze out growing point.With MS is minimal medium, sugaring 15 ~ 30g, agar 6g, the basic element of cell division 0.25 ~ 1.0mg, auximone 0.05 ~ 0.1mg.Bottle graft is gone into one and is connect material, and at 2 ~ 10 ℃, intensity of illumination 1500 ~ 20002lx, light application time 12h every day, group training detoxification strawberry bottle outlet is carried seedling gently, cleans the root medium, dries moisture, and hole pressing is planted in the seedling-cultivating tray that installs matrix; Matrix is for respectively 1/3 formulated with turfy soil, humic bark, perlite, and in matrix, admixes dry chicken manure, stalk end and cake fertilizer.
(2) refining seedling: the strawberry seedling is grown on root media, root of hair, when root length is 0.5 ~ 1cm, opens bottle cap; In bottle, replenish a spot of sterile water with little sprayer; Cover bottleneck with film or glass then, continue to place culturing room to cultivate 5 days, under natural daylight, took exercise 3 ~ 4 days;
(3) transplant: during tissue cultivating seedling 4-5 leaf, seedling is pressed line-spacing 1. 5 m, spacing in the rows 0. 8 m plant; Nafusaku with 5 ~ 10 mg/kg before transplanting soaked root 2 ~ 6 hours, and is obvious to the hestening rooting effect, helps planting the back and becomes to live and growth.Before the field planting, in conjunction with ploughing deeply per 666. 7m
2Execute the fertilizer 5000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and soya-bean cake fertilizer are best, and add superphosphate 100kg, potassium sulphate 30kg; Leveling rake is thin, support ridger then, and about the high 20cm in ridge, ridge face width 55cm; The wide 25cm of furrow carries out when watering field planting water after large-ridge double-row is planted and planting root unfolded placing in the cave, insert carefully then on, compacting; Mention seedling gently, make root system and on combine closely, water normal root water after planting immediately 1 time, amount is unsuitable excessive.
(3) Temperature and Humidity Control: rudiment to squaring period, day temperature should be controlled at 15 ~ 20 ℃, and at 8 ~ 10 ℃ of nights, the whole growth phase will prevent freeze injury, more will prevent to cause plant excessive growth because of temperature drift or improper ventilation; The fruit expanding period temperature is to be controlled at 20 ~ 25 ℃ daytime, 6 ~ 8 ℃ of nights.Relative moisture can be controlled in 60% ~ 70%;
(4) rich water control: every mu of sealing fertilizer consumption 20kg, after the water dissolving, interval 7 ~ 10d left and right sides Shi Yici; The urea that general 7 ~ 10d foliage-spray is one time 0.3% ~ 0.5%; 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium phosphate,monobasic, 0.1% ~ 0.3% boric acid, 0.03 % manganese sulphate or multi-component composite fertilizer or farm chemical for increasing yield, organic nutrient solution for cultivating such as 2003; To improve fruit weight and sugar content, make fruity more delicious;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest: strengthen management, prevent hot and humidly, in time remove the disease leaf, sick fruit can obviously alleviate disease, prevents and treats gray mold, prevent high humidity, many fertile, overstocked, excessive growth, the maintenance well-ventilated.Prevent and treat and can spray 1:1:200 bordeaux mixture, Polyoxin, Sukeling, iprodione etc. before gray mold is bloomed, their early stage can spray 10% generation high-moisture shot agent 1000 ~ 1500 liquid or 1000 times of liquid of more than 50% mould clear pulvis; Prevent and treat bud blight, prevent high humidity, too much pour water, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, can spray Polyoxin squaring period; Leaf spot can be preceding in spending, adopt back spray 1200 times of liquid of 50% iprodione wetting powder or 1000 times of liquid of Pola peace; Root rot can be used 800 times of liquid irrigating roots of 30% compound carbendazim; Powdery mildew can be sprayed three ketone, alkene mile alcohol, also available 45% chlorothalonil smoke smoked kill.
(6) flower and fruit thinning: dredge to remove senior the flower that is prone to female sterile, extract sick fruit with
Too much young fruit;
(7) gather: reaching 70% when fruit color can gather, and receive 1 time at a distance from 1 ~ 2 day; Collecting time to select in the greenhouse anhydrous drip to high temperature and arrive before, or gather at dusk.
Claims (7)
1. strawberry high-yielding non-pollution cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
(1) grow seedlings: group training detoxification strawberry bottle outlet, carry seedling gently, clean the root medium, dry moisture, hole pressing is planted in the seedling-cultivating tray that installs matrix;
(2) refining seedling: the strawberry seedling is grown on root media, root of hair, when root length is 0.5 ~ 1cm, opens bottle cap; In bottle, replenish a spot of sterile water with little sprayer; Cover bottleneck with film or glass then, continue to place culturing room to cultivate 5 days, under natural daylight, took exercise 3 ~ 4 days;
(3) transplant: during tissue cultivating seedling 4-5 leaf, seedling is pressed line-spacing 1. 5 m, spacing in the rows 0. 8 m plant, and field planting is preceding with 5 * 10
-6Methyl soaks root system 2h, wipes out the old root of part black, imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg;
(4) Temperature and Humidity Control: rudiment to squaring period, day temperature should be controlled at 15 ~ 20 ℃, and at 8 ~ 10 ℃ of nights, the whole growth phase will prevent freeze injury, more will prevent to cause plant excessive growth because of temperature drift or improper ventilation; The fruit expanding period temperature is to be controlled at 20 ~ 25 ℃ daytime, 6 ~ 8 ℃ of nights.
2. relative moisture can be controlled in 60% ~ 70%;
(5) rich water control: every mu of sealing fertilizer consumption 20kg, after the water dissolving, interval 7 ~ 10d left and right sides Shi Yici; The urea that general 7 ~ 10d foliage-spray is one time 0.3% ~ 0.5%; 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium phosphate,monobasic, 0.1% ~ 0.3% boric acid, 0.03 % manganese sulphate or multi-component composite fertilizer or farm chemical for increasing yield organic nutrient solution for cultivating; To improve fruit weight and sugar content, make fruity more delicious;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: strengthen management, prevent hot and humidly, in time remove the disease leaf, sick fruit can obviously alleviate disease, prevents and treats gray mold and powdery mildew, prevent high humidity, many fertile, overstocked, excessive growth, the maintenance well-ventilated.
3. (7) flower and fruit thinning: dredge and remove senior the flower that is prone to female sterile, extract sick fruit and too much young fruit;
(8) gather: reaching 70% when fruit color can gather, and receive 1 time at a distance from 1 ~ 2 day; Collecting time to select in the greenhouse anhydrous drip to high temperature and arrive before, or gather at dusk.
4. a kind of strawberry high-yielding non-pollution cultivation method as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: mix with turfy soil, humic bark, the dry chicken manure of each 1/3 preparation matrix nutrition soil of perlite, stalk end and cake fertilizer and admix cultivation matrix; Or per 666.7 m2 execute chicken manure 5 000 kg that become thoroughly decomposed, urea 30 kg, superphosphate 50 kg; Potassium sulphate 50 kg plough deeply, flatten, harrow thin.
5. a kind of strawberry high-yielding non-pollution cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: gray mold: guarantee ventilation and penetrating light in the ranks, reduce humidity.
6. chemical control can use 400 ~ 600 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder to spray, or 50% carbendazol wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid sprays, or 300-500 times of liquid of 50% captan wetting powder sprays, and from the sick rational application of fertilizer of powder, avoids nitrogen application too much.
7. chemical control can be with 25% triadimefon 3000-5000 times liquid before blooming, or 1500 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder spray, and begins to spray medicine before buddingging, and spray in every 5-7 days 1 time connects and sprays 3-4 time and get final product
A kind of strawberry high-yielding non-pollution cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: before the field planting, execute the fertilizer 5000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with ploughing deeply per 666. 7m2; Chicken manure and soya-bean cake fertilizer are best, and add superphosphate 100kg, potassium sulphate 30kg; Leveling rake is thin, and support ridger then is about the high 20cm in ridge; Ridge face width 55cm, the wide 25cm of furrow carries out and waters field planting water after large-ridge double-row is planted.
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CN102870589A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-01-16 | 金陵科技学院 | Method for preventing strawberry young-seedling from being damaged by high temperature, high humidity and high light |
CN102907226A (en) * | 2012-10-13 | 2013-02-06 | 合肥市艳九天农业科技有限公司 | Fresh-preservation and nuisance-free cultivation method for greenhouse strawberries |
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