CN105557258A - Efficient strawberry propagation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an efficient strawberry propagation method. The method comprises specific steps as follows: firstly, preparation of mother plants: a propagation variety is determined, and robust creeping stem seedlings without diseases and pests are selected as the propagation mother plants; after fruit picking and large-field transplantation end, the mother plants are temporarily planted in a field and overwinter in the open field, the temporary planting density is 20 cm*20 cm or 23 cm*23 cm, 8,000-10,000 mother plants are planted in each mu of land, and the number of the mother plants is determined according to the number of seedlings in the next year; soil preparation in a nursery is performed, the field planting time and density are determined, nursery management and disease and pest control are performed, finally, newly grown creeping stems are introduced to space around the mother plants, leaves on stem nodes are buried in the soil from the base part, and seedlings can be excised from the mother plants for transplantation when the seedlings have 3-4 leaves on the stem nodes. The efficient strawberry propagation method is a propagation method summarized by an agricultural technician during long-time practice and is efficient, easy to manage and particularly suitable for popularization and application in the industry, and the survival rate of the seedlings is very high.

Description

The efficient propagation method of a kind of strawberry

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural cultivation field, particularly the efficient propagation method of a kind of strawberry.

Background technology

Strawberry cry again the red certain kind of berries, the foreign certain kind of berries, the certain kind of berries (Strawberry) etc., be a kind of fruit of redness.Strawberry is the common name to rose family strawberry plants, belongs to herbaceos perennial, there will be a known kind more than 50 in the whole world, originates in Europe.The outward appearance of strawberry is in heart-shaped, delicious red tender, pulp succulence, sweet and sour taste, and has special strong fruit aroma.Because strawberry color is all good, and be of high nutritive value, containing enriching vitamin C, effect of helpful digestion, so be described as " fruit queen " by people.Because strawberry contains abundant vitamin and mineral matter, every hectogram contains vitamin C up to 80 milligrams, far away higher than apple and pears; Also containing glucose, fructose, citric acid, malic acid, carotin, vitamin b3 etc.These nutrients are to the good facilitation of having grown of children, also very useful to the health of the elderly.Research in recent years finds, vitamin C, except can preventing scurvy, to diseases such as arteriosclerosis, coronary heart diseases and angina pectoris, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension, highs fat of blood, has positive prevention effect.Carotin simultaneously in strawberry is the important substance of synthetic vitamin A, has the effect of improving eyesight, nourishing the liver.Therefore, strawberry becomes one of fruit liked very much in people's life, and its market prospects are very good.But because strawberry has unique characteristic, so its propagation method is extremely important.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide the strawberry efficient propagation method that a kind of seedling percent is high.

An efficient propagation method for strawberry, its concrete steps are:

(1) prepare maternal plant: determine to breed kind, growth selection is healthy and strong, without the stolon seedling of damage by disease and insect, as the maternal plant bred; After fruit picking field-transplanting terminates, heel in maternal plant at field open field soil, heeling in density is 20 ㎝ × 20 ㎝ or 23 ㎝ × 23 ㎝, every mu of 8000 ~ l0000 strain, determines the quantity of maternal plant by nursery in next year quantity;

(2) nursery wholely: nursery will be selected fertile soil, not easily hardens, irrigation and drainage plot easily; There is the young garden of irrigating facility to do nursery, be both conducive to making full use of soil, fruit tree can be utilized again to shade, alleviate summer high temperature impact; After nursery is chosen, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields barnyard manure 1000 ~ 1500 ㎏ fully become thoroughly decomposed, and robs spring finely to plough bedding, and furrow are wide 3 meters; Before field planting, spread manuer in holes with urea 2.5 ~ 3 ㎏, potassium chloride 3.5 ~ 4 ㎏, superphosphate 4 ~ 5 ㎏ mixing, and fertilizer and earth fully mixed thoroughly again in every mu of ground;

(3) resident time and density: spring temperature is stabilized in more than 15 DEG C just can field planting in good time, and generally in mid-April, field planting by the end of April completes; During field planting, respectively plant 1 row on the furrow both sides of 3 meters wide, spacing in the rows 80 ㎝, every mu of field planting 400 ~ 450 strain; Maternal plant field planting must depth appropriateness, is strictly on guard against that soil block buries lobus cardiacus and rhizome and exposes and suffer from drought; Simultaneously will by of rhizome bent projection inside furrow, this is because raised face (RF) is the position producing stolon, is conducive to growth and the arrangement of stolon;

(4) nursery bed management: after maternal plant field planting, irrigates normal root water immediately, after this, in 4 ~ 6 days, waters 1 time every day according to weather condition; Surviving rear seedling of looking in time and mend the root and stem of certain plants, will remedy in time planting dark excessively shallow maternal plant; Between strawberry nursery stage, often there is high temperature and drought, water management be paid special attention to, take repeatedly to irrigate through furrow, often keep ground moistening; Cover with full field to strawberry stolon after field planting, need 5 wheat harvesting periods, answer diligent weeding, to keep furrow face loose without grass; In addition, the inflorescence of maternal plant to be extractd in time early spring; After stolon pumping, also often should arrange, stolon is evenly distributed, not overlap each other, and be aided with artificial impulse, ensure that the neat seedling of seedling is strengthened; Between strawberry nursery stage, can not spraying fertilizer; As base fertilizer is not enough, plant strain growth is thin and weak, and leaf look turns to be yellow, and stolon pumping is few, can in conjunction with irrigation, and every mu with organic manure 500 ~ 600 ㎏;

(5) diseases and pests controlling: to early growth period after field planting, the organic phosphor of every mu of use 1.5% mixes powder 2.5 ㎏, mixes fine earth 15 ~ 20 ㎏ and spreads fertilizer over the fields; Growing period, what go out that aphid bacterium 150 ~ 200 times or DDT EC 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid prevent eliminating aphis with EB-82 causes harm; For reduce germ grow procreation chemical control can with 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid or equivalent formula 250 times of bordeaux mixture to spray l ~ 2 time;

(6) sprigging: the stolon newly sent is guided into maternal plant surrounding space place, is buried in the earth on the spot by the leafage base portion on stipes, when being formed with the new talent of 3 ~ 4 blades on stipes, seedling can being cut off maternal plant and transplant; To select during transplanting as far as possible from the strong sprout close to maternal plant concentrate transplant, generally from maternal plant more close to newborn seedling rooting more early, grow more healthy and stronger, growing way is more vigorous.

The present invention is a kind of propagation method that professional of agriculture sums up through long-term practice, and not only efficient but also be easy to management, the survival rate of seedling is very high, is particularly suitable for promotion and application in industry.

Embodiment

Strawberry flavor is sweet, sour, cool in nature, returns lung, the spleen channel, has moistening lung and promotes the production of body fluid, invigorating the spleen, relieve summer heat, antipyretic, diuresis, the effect of quenching the thirst; Cure mainly cough due to wind-heat evil, the erosion of mucous membrane in the oral cavity, throat pyogenic infections, constipation, the diseases such as hypertension.Latest research is also pointed out, containing a kind of amine substance in strawberry, has certain effect to treatment leukemia and alpastic anemia.Therefore, strawberry is fruit queen worthy of the name.

The propagation method of strawberry, point sexual propagation and vegetative propagation two kinds, occur being separated in order to avoid sexual propagation and affect seed output and quality, production generally all using vegetative propagation, namely breeds with stolon.Stolon occurrence characteristic: strawberry, at vegetative growth phase, is extracted the new stem extended to horizontal direction out and is called stolon from the axil of young leaves.Each stolon has 2 joints, and Section 1 grows branch, becomes a new stolon; Section 2 grows stolon seedling.The first young leaves of seedling can develop into new rhizome, the sprouting that first leaf axil of new rhizome grows, due to close to maternal plant or the seedling that taken root, acceptant maternal plant or taken root nutrient and the moisture of seedling, can comparatively fast grow up to new stolon, new stolon grows new branch stolon and new seedling again, so constantly repeatedly grows, until terminate when environmental condition is unfavorable for the generation of stolon.The number of one strain maternal plant generation stolon, because of kind, cultivation condition and different, the kind that fertility is weak, each maternal plant only produces 30 ~ 40, and the kind that fertility is strong can reach 200 ~ 300.Good growing weather condition and sufficient soil moisture, be impel multiple, the strong long key factor of stolon seedling, sunshine duration 12 hours, temperature more than 17 DEG C could start to produce stolon, and optimum temperature is 20 ~ 26 DEG C.Professional of agriculture has summed up the efficient propagation method of a kind of strawberry in strawberry cultivating process, and its seedling percent is very high, and later stage growing way is very good.

The concrete steps of the efficient propagation method of a kind of strawberry are:

(1) prepare maternal plant: after determining breeding kind, growth selection is healthy and strong, without the stolon seedling of damage by disease and insect, as the maternal plant bred.After fruit picking field-transplanting terminates, maternal plant is heeled at field open field soil.Heel in density with 20 ㎝ × 20 ㎝ or 23 ㎝ × 23 ㎝, every mu of 8000 ~ l0000 strain is advisable, and determines the quantity of maternal plant by nursery in next year quantity; General Second Year 400 strain maternal plant, can cultivate l mu seedling, can produce 40,000 ~ 60,000 stolon seedlings autumn.

(2) garden is collected seedling wholely: garden of collecting seedling will be selected fertile soil, not easily hardens, irrigation and drainage plot easily.There is the young garden of irrigating facility to collect seedling garden, be both conducive to making full use of soil, fruit tree can be utilized again to shade, alleviate summer high temperature impact.After nursery is chosen, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields barnyard manure 1000 ~ 1500 ㎏ fully become thoroughly decomposed, and robs spring finely to plough bedding, and furrow are wide 3 meters.Use urea 2.5 ~ 3 ㎏ again for every mu before field planting, potassium chloride 3.5 ~ 4 ㎏, superphosphate 4 ~ 5 ㎏ mixing is spreaded manuer in holes, and fertilizer and earth is fully mixed thoroughly.

(3) resident time and density: spring temperature is stable just can field planting in good time by more than 15 DEG C, and generally in mid-April, field planting by the end of April completes.During field planting, respectively plant 1 row on the furrow both sides of 3 meters wide, spacing in the rows 80 ㎝, every mu of field planting 400 ~ 450 strain.Maternal plant field planting must depth appropriateness, is strictly on guard against that soil block buries lobus cardiacus and rhizome and exposes and suffer from drought.Simultaneously will by of rhizome bent projection inside furrow, this is because raised face (RF) is the position producing stolon, is conducive to growth and the arrangement of stolon.

(4) adopt nursery bed management: after maternal plant field planting, irrigate normal root water immediately, after this, in 4 ~ 6 days, water 1 time every day according to weather condition.Surviving rear seedling of looking in time and mend the root and stem of certain plants, will remedy in time planting dark excessively shallow maternal plant.Between strawberry nursery stage, often there is high temperature and drought, water management be paid special attention to, take repeatedly to irrigate through furrow, often keep ground moistening.Cover with full field to strawberry stolon after field planting, need 5 wheat harvesting periods, garden void area of collecting seedling is large, in addition, on the occasion of weeds propagation and widespread season autumn in summer, the soil that simultaneously often waters easily hardens, and unfavorable stolon seedling takes root, therefore, answer diligent weeding, to keep furrow face loose without grass.In addition, be concentrated nutrition, cultivate high-quality strong sprout, the inflorescence of maternal plant will be extractd by early spring in time.After stolon pumping, also often should arrange, stolon is evenly distributed, not overlap each other, and be aided with artificial impulse, ensure that the neat seedling of seedling is strengthened.Between strawberry nursery stage, generally can not spraying fertilizer.As base fertilizer is not enough, plant strain growth is thin and weak, and leaf look turns to be yellow, and stolon pumping is few, can in conjunction with irrigation, and every mu with organic manure 500 ~ 600 ㎏.

(5) diseases and pests controlling: to early growth period after field planting, causes cutworm sometimes or grub is caused harm.To spare no effort to early morning check, find afoliate and dead seedling, can dig near plant and look into elimination, or the organic phosphor of every mu of use 1.5% mixes powder 2.5 ㎏, mix fine earth 15 ~ 20 ㎏ and spread fertilizer over the fields.Growing period, what go out that aphid bacterium 150 ~ 200 times or DDT EC 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid prevent eliminating aphis with EB-82 causes harm; Disease mainly gray mold, the root rot of strawberry, often extracts Lao Ye, dead leaf and sick leaf, reduce germ grow procreation chemical control can with 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid or equivalent formula 250 times of bordeaux mixture to spray l ~ 2 time.

(6) sprigging: the stolon newly sent is guided into maternal plant surrounding space place, is buried in the earth on the spot by the leafage base portion on stipes, when being formed with the new talent of 3 ~ 4 blades on stipes, seedling can being cut off maternal plant and transplant.To select as far as possible from the strong sprout close to maternal plant concentrate transplant, generally from maternal plant more close to newborn seedling rooting more early, grow more healthy and stronger, growing way is more vigorous.

Claims (1)

1. an efficient propagation method for strawberry, is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described propagation method are:

(1) prepare maternal plant: determine to breed kind, growth selection is healthy and strong, without the stolon seedling of damage by disease and insect, as the maternal plant bred; After fruit picking field-transplanting terminates, heel in maternal plant at field open field soil, heeling in density is 20 ㎝ × 20 ㎝ or 23 ㎝ × 23 ㎝, every mu of 8000 ~ l0000 strain, determines the quantity of maternal plant by nursery in next year quantity;

(2) nursery wholely: nursery will be selected fertile soil, not easily hardens, irrigation and drainage plot easily; There is the young garden of irrigating facility to do nursery, be both conducive to making full use of soil, fruit tree can be utilized again to shade, alleviate summer high temperature impact; After nursery is chosen, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields barnyard manure 1000 ~ 1500 ㎏ fully become thoroughly decomposed, and robs spring finely to plough bedding, and furrow are wide 3 meters; Before field planting, spread manuer in holes with urea 2.5 ~ 3 ㎏, potassium chloride 3.5 ~ 4 ㎏, superphosphate 4 ~ 5 ㎏ mixing, and fertilizer and earth fully mixed thoroughly again in every mu of ground;

(3) resident time and density: spring temperature is stabilized in more than 15 DEG C just can field planting in good time, and generally in mid-April, field planting by the end of April completes; During field planting, respectively plant 1 row on the furrow both sides of 3 meters wide, spacing in the rows 80 ㎝, every mu of field planting 400 ~ 450 strain; Maternal plant field planting must depth appropriateness, is strictly on guard against that soil block buries lobus cardiacus and rhizome and exposes and suffer from drought; Simultaneously will by of rhizome bent projection inside furrow, this is because raised face (RF) is the position producing stolon, is conducive to growth and the arrangement of stolon;

(4) nursery bed management: after maternal plant field planting, irrigates normal root water immediately, after this, in 4 ~ 6 days, waters 1 time every day according to weather condition; Surviving rear seedling of looking in time and mend the root and stem of certain plants, will remedy in time planting dark excessively shallow maternal plant; Between strawberry nursery stage, often there is high temperature and drought, water management be paid special attention to, take repeatedly to irrigate through furrow, often keep ground moistening; Cover with full field to strawberry stolon after field planting, need 5 wheat harvesting periods, answer diligent weeding, to keep furrow face loose without grass; In addition, the inflorescence of maternal plant to be extractd in time early spring; After stolon pumping, also often should arrange, stolon is evenly distributed, not overlap each other, and be aided with artificial impulse, ensure that the neat seedling of seedling is strengthened; Between strawberry nursery stage, can not spraying fertilizer; As base fertilizer is not enough, plant strain growth is thin and weak, and leaf look turns to be yellow, and stolon pumping is few, can in conjunction with irrigation, and every mu with organic manure 500 ~ 600 ㎏;

(5) diseases and pests controlling: to early growth period after field planting, the organic phosphor of every mu of use 1.5% mixes powder 2.5 ㎏, mixes fine earth 15 ~ 20 ㎏ and spreads fertilizer over the fields; Growing period, what go out that aphid bacterium 150 ~ 200 times or DDT EC 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid prevent eliminating aphis with EB-82 causes harm; For reduce germ grow procreation chemical control can with 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid or equivalent formula 250 times of bordeaux mixture to spray l ~ 2 time;

(6) sprigging: the stolon newly sent is guided into maternal plant surrounding space place, is buried in the earth on the spot by the leafage base portion on stipes, when being formed with the new talent of 3 ~ 4 blades on stipes, seedling can being cut off maternal plant and transplant; To select during transplanting as far as possible from the strong sprout close to maternal plant concentrate transplant, generally from maternal plant more close to newborn seedling rooting more early, grow more healthy and stronger, growing way is more vigorous.