A kind of fresh-keeping method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fresh-keeping method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry, belong to the culture technique field of fruit.
Background technology
At present, the culture technique of greenhouse strawberry is substantially as follows: 1, in time remove the winter protection covering, strawberry is the temperate zone evergreen plant, when soil temperature during at 1-2 degree centigrade, its root system namely begins growth, in the production, generally when 5 ℃ of degree of temperature left and right sides, will in time remove the winter protection thing of surviving the winter, and the foreign material such as leaf are picked up only, the strawberry of adopting film to cover must be carried out hardening work after taking off film, and in time spray 800 times of liquid heat-preserving anti-freezings of new high fat film, prevent from early spring from enduring cold; 2, promptly fertilising is short early sends out; because the strawberry root system is shallow responsive to fertilizer-responsive; avoid using the chemical fertilizer such as carbon ammonium, sulphur ammonium; should be take instant nitrogenousfertilizer urea, composite fertilizer or water excrement as main; mu urea 5-6 kilogram, water excrement 20-25 load, composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram; to water water 1 time in conjunction with fertilising, cooperate simultaneously to spray 800 times of liquid protections of new high fat film fertilizer efficiency.The phase of yielding positive results can really be strengthened the base of a fruit spirit foliage-spray 2-3 time with dish with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, improves the pollen quality, strengthens the circulation fruit-setting rate, and raising quality, increase output are had good effect; 3, in time loosen the soil, thinning, in time intertillage is loosened the soil after the beginning of spring, improves ground temperature, intertills appropriate to the occasion shallow unsuitable deeply, prevent that soil block from pressing and do not have the seedling heart.Cooperate intertillage in time to spray 800 times of liquid of new high fat film and form diaphragm, control gas passes venereal bacteria and invades, and will do thinning well simultaneously, removes early the lateral bine of pumping; 4, dredge the flower bud flower thinning and improve quality, after buddingging, dredge the bud of slight of stature, every strain keeps inflorescence 2-3, and each inflorescence stays fruit 3-5 to be advisable.Full-bloom stage also will be carried out flower thinning work again, makes the large fruit growth of nutrition supply, increases single fruit weight.And before buddingging, spray the really strong base of a fruit spirit of dish raising pollen quality, improve fruit-setting rate; 5, in time prevention and elimination of disease and pests, Diseases of Strawberry has virus disease, chlorosis, gray mold, bud blight, powdery mildew, snake eye disease etc., should require in time prevention according to plant protection, can spray in early spring 200 times of bordeaux mixture or 2000 times of targeted agent such as topsin, cooperate simultaneously and spray 800 times of liquid enhancings of new high fat film drug effect, improve the medicament utilization rate of active components, consolidate control efficiency.
Summary of the invention
For better large batch of growing and cultivation strawberry, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fresh-keeping method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry, cultivation method of the present invention is simple, be fit to extensive cultivation, critical stage at Strawberry Growth is processed, and in conjunction with scientific and rational fertilizer, the suitable cultivation steps such as planting density are comprehensively cultivated, comprise grow seedlings, field planting, cultivation management and extermination of disease and insect pest operation, the output of strawberry is improved greatly, quality be improved significantly, be suitable for the various kinds of strawberry.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The fresh-keeping method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry comprises following content:
(1) home environment
Field fertile, that irrigation and drainage convenient, 1-2 does not plant the solanaceous vegetables crop that the selection topsoil is deep, quality is loosened, the sandy loam take the pH value as 5.5-6.0 and loam are comparatively suitable;
(2) facility condition
Be advisable with span 5m, long 60m~90m, two furrow of rising 2.2m or span 6.0-7.0m, long 40m~80m, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels of rising 2.5m;
(3) field planting
The canopy cover net is namely detained in field planting about front ten days, the field planting of strawberry seed is in the plot, field planting spacing in the rows 10-20cm, line-spacing 25-35cm, water immediately mu organic fertilizer 2000 kg~3000kg, modification ash 5-10 part, bamboo charcoal 3-8 part, Stemona Root 8-12 part, vinasse 3-5 part, gelatin 2-4 part, zinc sulphate 5-10 part, trace element fertilizer 0.2-0.4 part, ferrous sulfate 3-8 part and azotobacter 3-5 part after the cultivation
(4) cultivation management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, the field planting of holding plant lives, just fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term etc. key point, implement to topdress in conjunction with slight irrigation, control in conjunction with damage by disease and insect, in the florescence to the full bearing period, the ammonium molybdate of foliage-spray 0.2-0.4% and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2-0.5% each 1-2 time are poured water and are advisable thoroughly and not to steep, and in time ventilation after pouring water, to reduce humidity in the canopy; , prune in conjunction with sparse branching just behind the fruit in plant, interleave a 37-45cm higher primary school bamboo bar at every strain wooden fork, with lodging-prevention, when adding little shed, pull out plug in pole, and in time dredge leaf and pinch, reveal fruit and see light, extract as early as possible door fruit and low level really;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest
A: physical control
Adopt the traditional Chinese medicine extract seed soaking of daylight airing and 10-20%, the traditional Chinese medicine extract of described 10-20% for the component that adopts weight portion is: dried silkworm excrement 8-12, phoenix tree leaf 2-3, bar ginseng 10-12, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10, peppermint 8-10 add 10-15 times of weight water after mixing, boil with vigorous fire, then boil 15-20 minute with slow fire, the cool filtered through gauze of using of drying in the air, filtrate adds water 10-15 again and doubly is mixed with dilution, and utilize not busy high temperature high light of summer to implement to pour water vexed canopy, cover silver color mulch film repellent aphid lice, establish fly net obstruct insect and migrate;
B: chemical control
Every the Chinese medicine preventing disease and pest agent that spray in 1-2 month is converted 400-600 times of water one time, the agent of described Chinese medicine preventing disease and pest is by following raw materials in part by weight: the agent of described Chinese medicine preventing disease and pest is by following raw materials in part by weight: 3-5 part rhizoma nardostachyos, 4-6 part winter daphne, 9-11 part Sargent gloryvine, 4-6 part withy, 4-6 part kuh-seng, 3-5 part Swamp Mahogany Leaf, 7-9 part semen brassicae and 5-10 horse chestnut add decocting and boil, collect filtrate and be condensed into dried powder and make;
(6) gather
Selecting a good opportunity selects a time gathers in batches, gather and transport process in should avoid secondary pollution; Gather and in time to clean the rural area after complete, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film, and timely typing quality tracing system.
Modification ash in the described field planting process is with rice-straw ash 100-150 ℃ of lower the burning 1-2 hour, rear grind into powder, admix the calcium lignosulfonate agitating with epoxidized soybean oil, 1-2% that is equivalent to powder weight 1-2% even, oven dry is ground into powder and get final product.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Cultivation method of the present invention is simple, be fit to extensive cultivation, critical stage at Strawberry Growth is processed, and in conjunction with scientific and rational fertilizer, the suitable cultivation steps such as planting density are comprehensively cultivated, comprise grow seedlings, field planting, cultivation management and extermination of disease and insect pest operation, the output of strawberry is improved greatly, quality be improved significantly, be suitable for the various kinds of strawberry.
Embodiment
The fresh-keeping method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry comprises following content:
(1) home environment
Field fertile, that irrigation and drainage convenient, 1-2 does not plant the solanaceous vegetables crop that the selection topsoil is deep, quality is loosened, the sandy loam take the pH value as 5.5-6.0 and loam are comparatively suitable;
(2) facility condition
Be advisable with span 5m, long 60m~90m, two furrow of rising 2.2m or span 6.0-7.0m, long 40m~80m, the three furrow north-south arch steel pipe plastic tunnels of rising 2.5m;
(3) field planting
The canopy cover net is namely detained in field planting about front ten days, the field planting of strawberry seed is in the plot, field planting spacing in the rows 10-20cm, line-spacing 25-35cm, water immediately mu organic fertilizer 2000 kg~3000kg, modification ash 5-10 part, bamboo charcoal 3-8 part, Stemona Root 8-12 part, vinasse 3-5 part, gelatin 2-4 part, zinc sulphate 5-10 part, trace element fertilizer 0.2-0.4 part, ferrous sulfate 3-8 part and azotobacter 3-5 part after the cultivation
(4) cultivation management
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, the field planting of holding plant lives, just fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term etc. key point, implement to topdress in conjunction with slight irrigation, control in conjunction with damage by disease and insect, in the florescence to the full bearing period, the ammonium molybdate of foliage-spray 0.2-0.4% and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2-0.5% each 1-2 time are poured water and are advisable thoroughly and not to steep, and in time ventilation after pouring water, to reduce humidity in the canopy; , prune in conjunction with sparse branching just behind the fruit in plant, interleave a 37-45cm higher primary school bamboo bar at every strain wooden fork, with lodging-prevention, when adding little shed, pull out plug in pole, and in time dredge leaf and pinch, reveal fruit and see light, extract as early as possible door fruit and low level really;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest
A: physical control
Adopt the traditional Chinese medicine extract seed soaking of daylight airing and 10-20%, the traditional Chinese medicine extract of described 10-20% for the component that adopts weight portion is: dried silkworm excrement 8-12, phoenix tree leaf 2-3, bar ginseng 10-12, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10, peppermint 8-10 add 10-15 times of weight water after mixing, boil with vigorous fire, then boil 15-20 minute with slow fire, the cool filtered through gauze of using of drying in the air, filtrate adds water 10-15 again and doubly is mixed with dilution, and utilize not busy high temperature high light of summer to implement to pour water vexed canopy, cover silver color mulch film repellent aphid lice, establish fly net obstruct insect and migrate;
B: chemical control
Every the Chinese medicine preventing disease and pest agent that spray in 1-2 month is converted 400-600 times of water one time, the agent of described Chinese medicine preventing disease and pest is by following raw materials in part by weight: the agent of described Chinese medicine preventing disease and pest is by following raw materials in part by weight: 3-5 part rhizoma nardostachyos, 4-6 part winter daphne, 9-11 part Sargent gloryvine, 4-6 part withy, 4-6 part kuh-seng, 3-5 part Swamp Mahogany Leaf, 7-9 part semen brassicae and 5-10 horse chestnut add decocting and boil, collect filtrate and be condensed into dried powder and make;
(6) gather
Selecting a good opportunity selects a time gathers in batches, gather and transport process in should avoid secondary pollution; Gather and in time to clean the rural area after complete, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film, and timely typing quality tracing system.
Modification ash in the described field planting process is with rice-straw ash 100-150 ℃ of lower the burning 1-2 hour, rear grind into powder, admix the calcium lignosulfonate agitating with epoxidized soybean oil, 1-2% that is equivalent to powder weight 1-2% even, oven dry is ground into powder and get final product.
The strawberry product that utilizes above-mentioned complex art to produce is compared with the strawberry product that usual manner is produced, and has following advantage: