CN104620813A - Standardized planting method for medicinal plant blackberry lily - Google Patents
Standardized planting method for medicinal plant blackberry lily Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a standardized planting method for medicinal plant blackberry lily. Due to the fact that a directional cultivation method and a wide-row and narrow-space planting method are adopted, the photosynthesis of plant groups is stronger, and the solar energy utilization rate and the photosynthetic efficiency are higher. Accordingly, the standardized planting method is adopted, and the root stock yield ratio of the blackberry lily can be improved by 20% to 30% compared with a traditional planting method. Meanwhile, the medicinal material quality is further improved, and the effective components of tectorigenin and the tectoridin content are improved by 8% to 10% compared with a conventional planter. By the adoption of the standardized planting method, no plant diseases or insect pests appear; accordingly, the production cost and the management cost are further lowered, and the produced blackberry lily root stock medicinal material quality is more reliable.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of medicinal plant cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of normalized planting method of medicinal plant blackberry lily.
Background technology:
Blackberry lily (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) is Iridaceae herbaceos perennial, is a kind of important rare traditional Chinese medicine, and China's application blackberry lily has the history of more than 2000 year.Its medicinal effects is dry rhizome, the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (version one in 2010) is recorded, its bitter, cold in nature, poisonous, enter lung, Liver Channel, there is effect of clearing heat and detoxicating, dissolving phlegm and relieve sore throat, can be used for the treatment of the diseases such as hot malicious convulsive seizure due to phlegm-fire pent-up, abscess of throat, accumulation and obstruction of sputum, cough and asthma and carbuncle sore tumefacting virus.Modern medicine research shows, blackberry lily rhizome main chemical compositions is flavones, isoflavones and derivative thereof.Modern pharmacological research result shows, blackberry lily has stronger anti-inflammation and the effect such as antiviral.Clinically, blackberry lily has good curative effect to illnesss such as influenza cough, asthma, acute/chronic bronchitis, tonsillitis, sphagitis, acute laryngeal edema, pneumonia, urinary system infection contamination, gastroenteritis.
Blackberry lily place of production area distribution is comparatively wide, is mainly distributed in the ground such as Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Henan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing.Above various places now more artificial cultivation.Because blackberry lily is applied comparatively wide in tcm clinical practice, supply falls short of demand in market in recent years, and its price is risen to present 60 ~ 80 yuan less than 10 yuan by the per kilogram nineties in last century.The growth cycle of blackberry lily is generally 2-3.Adopt routine techniques to carry out breeding and culturing, its percentage of seedgermination is low, does not even germinate, and yields poorly, and annual per mu yield is about 120 kg.If scientific and reasonable advanced culture technique can be adopted, effectively improve its yield and quality, then can contribute to the enthusiasm for production increasing numerous medicinal herb growers, contribute to the economic benefit improving vast plantation family.Thus to the user demand of blackberry lily on guarantee tcm clinical practice, for extensive patients brings glad tidings.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of high yield, High-quality Cultivation and Product quality and safety, effective, stable, controlled, the establishing in large scale that can standardize, production cost are low, the normalized planting method of the blackberry lily of high efficiency.
The present invention is on traditional planting technology basis, and main employing directional cultivation method and wide row narrow strain field planting method carry out the standardized planting of blackberry lily, thus achieve object of the present invention.
The normalized planting method of blackberry lily of the present invention, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A. seedling breeding
(1) to reserve seed for planting and seeding and seedling raising
Annual October ~ November, growth selection neat and consistent, healthy and strong, seed-plot is made in blackberry lily (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) standardized planting plot without damage by disease and insect, fine day is selected to carry out blackberry lily seed of gathering, when gathering, the whole fruit ear at blackberry lily plant top is cut, after drying 1 ~ 2 day under normal temperature, remove peduncle and impurity, be placed in shady and cool dry place's storage 5 ~ 6 weeks, then, seed is soaked 2 ~ 3 days with clear water, after being filtered dry moisture, vernalization 7 ~ 10 days, carry out seeding and seedling raising again, seeding and seedling raising booth is easy arched frame plastic tent, be highly 1.8 ~ 2 meters, matrix is that the coarse sand of 70% and the peat soil Homogeneous phase mixing of 30% form, by the uniform broadcasting of blackberry lily seed in seedbed, cover damp sand 1 ~ 2 cm thick above, the seeding quantity of every 667 square metres is 6 kilograms ~ 7 kilograms, after 3 ~ 4 weeks, seed starts to germinate, germination rate can reach more than 90%, when seedling grows to 2 ~ 3 leaves, water the aqueous solution of urea executing mass fraction 1% ~ 2% 1st time, during 4 ~ 5 leaves, water the aqueous solution of urea executing mass fraction 2% ~ 3% the 2nd time,
B. cultivate
(1) selection of land
Soil condition requires: select loose, fertile, well-drained sand loam or light loam, pH value is between 5.6 ~ 7.6, and soil environment quality will reach the secondary standard in " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995);
Condition of water quality requires: having can for the water source irrigated and facility, water nonpollution, the second standard during quality of irrigation water reaches " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB5084-2005);
Quality of air environment requires: blackberry lily standardized planting base surrounding air is pollution-free, meet the secondary standard in " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's ambient air quality " (GB3095-1996), namely air quality index II is between 0.6 ~ 1.0;
Other conditional requests: free of contamination industrial and mining enterprises within 10 kilometers around blackberry lily standardized planting base, pollute, without soot without " three wastes ";
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing
Select the soil is porous, fertile, well-drained level land, gentle slope ground or terraced fields, within 1 ~ 2 month, carry out before planting ploughing deeply wholely, shine white, harrow carefully smooth again, the farmyard manure 800 kilograms ~ 1000 kilograms, biological organic complex fertilizer 500 kilograms ~ 800 kilograms, compoiste fertilizer 50 kilograms ~ 60 kilograms and the superphosphate 40 kilograms ~ 50 kilograms that fully become thoroughly decomposed is applied in conjunction with whole every 667 square metres, then, with artificial or oxharrow or small farm machine, fertilizer and soil are mixed, and harrow and carefully rake;
(3) furrow are played
Whole good ground is made furrow face width 70 centimetres, and furrow face is high 25 ~ 30 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres, the furrow that ditch depth is 25 centimetres, and furrow length is determined according to landform, and furrow are to for east-west, and surrounding holds drain ditch successfully;
(4) field planting
Resident time: in annual mid or late Febuary, when blackberry lily seedling grows to 6 ~ 8 leaves, selects to transplant overcast and rainy;
Planting patterns: adopt " isosceles triangle " dibbling, directional cultivation method, namely the orientation of blackberry lily seedling leaves is consistent with north-south, every cave kind 1 young plant, and line-spacing is 50 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is 30 centimetres, i.e. the narrow strain field planting of wide row, every 667 square metres of plantation 4445 strains;
C. field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: after the neat seedling of blackberry lily, carry out the 1st shallow surface cultivation weeding annual mid-March or late March, later every 30 ~ 40 days, carry out intertill and clean tillage 1 time, accomplish that field is without weeds;
Weeds processing method: each weeds of removing, need concentrate stacking, make ash or making farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, should not be stacked in furrow face or ditch for drying burning;
(2) topdress
Dressing time and number of times: general at mid or late March, carry out first time in conjunction with the 1st intertill and clean tillage and topdress, topdress in mid-May to late May the 2nd time, topdress in late July to early August the 3rd time, topdress in late September to mid-October for the 3rd time;
Fertilizing type: topdress for the 1st time and to carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, spreading manuer in holes from plant 3 centimetres ~ 5 centimeters, blinding; When topdressing for the 2nd time and the 3rd time, need earth up, when imposing, should select to carry out before cloudy day or rainfall at every turn;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress for the 1st time, every 667 square metres apply biological organic complex fertilizer 45 kilograms ~ 50 kilograms, 10 kilograms ~ 12 kilograms, urea, and after both being mixed, execute 3 caves around every strain, in " isosceles triangle ", distribution, often spreads manuer in holes into 3.85 grams ~ 4.34 grams; Topdress for 2nd time, every 667 square metres apply biological organic complex fertilizer 60 kilograms ~ 70 kilograms, execute 3 caves around every strain, and in " isosceles triangle ", distribution, often spreads manuer in holes into 4.2 grams ~ 4.9 grams; Topdress for 3rd time, every 667 square metres apply biological organic complex fertilizer 60 kilograms ~ 70 kilograms, execute 3 caves around every strain, and in " isosceles triangle ", distribution, often spreads manuer in holes into 4.2 grams ~ 4.9 grams;
(3) earth up
After having topdressed, the fine earth in ditch need be trained around the plant of furrow face, the ridging degree of depth is 2 centimetres ~ 3 centimetres at every turn, after annual autumn and winter, above-ground plant parts was withered and yellow, need carries out rhizosphere ridging and survive the winter;
(4) irrigation and draining
Irrigate: for the water of irrigating, second standard during its water quality must reach " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB5084-2005), to before gathering after blackberry lily plantation, as arid, there is slight wilting in plant leaf, then irrigate, each irrigation is advisable the plow layer of below ground 10 centimetres ~ 15 centimetres to be irrigated;
Draining: when planting, surrounding excavation 35 centimetres ~ 40 centimetres, drain ditch, land for growing field crops, wide 30 centimetres ~ 35 centimetres, timely draining when being beneficial to rain heavily, after heavy rain, should check in time surrounding and furrow ditch water discharge whether unimpeded, if impeded drainage leads to, should dredge in time, in case ponding, affect blackberry lily and grow;
(5) bennet bud is wiped out in time
Annual March to October is blackberry lily vigorous growth developmental stage, and wherein May to September is reproductive stage; The blackberry lily plant of seed propagation, in field planting then July to August pumping bud, the pumping bud in May to June of the 2nd year and the 3rd year, in order to reduce nutrient consumption, bennet and bud should be wiped out by timely secateurs, to meet the nutrient required for the growth of its underground rhizome better, thus improve rhizome yield and quality of medicinal material;
D. gather
(1) harvest time
After planting the 3rd year, can gather, in Northern Guangdong Province, late January in annual late November to next year, blackberry lily plant withers gradually, and underground rhizome enters resting state, now fine drying, is more suitable picking time;
(2) collecting method
Select to gather at fine day, first concentrate and cut off cauline leaf, then underground rhizome has been dug, removing earth;
(3) preliminary working
After rhizome is excavated and transported back, clean silt, retain fibrous root and drain away the water in time, then, in the drying room of 100 DEG C-110 DEG C, baking two is little of two and one-half-hours as early as possible, is dried to by rhizome absolutely dry, is advisable with rhizome water content 9%-10%, obtain blackberry lily commodity.
The raw material of described biological organic complex fertilizer is humus, potassium sulfate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20%, N:P of gross weight
2o
5: K
2o=5:7:8, farmyard manure is: pig manure, cow dung or chicken manure.
Owing to adopting directional cultivation method and wide row narrow strain field planting method, plant population photosynthesis is stronger, utility rate of luminous energy and photosynthetic efficiency higher.Therefore, adopt this normalized planting method, blackberry lily rhizome yield, than traditional cultivation method, can improve 20%-30%.Meanwhile, quality of medicinal material is also further enhanced, and its active ingredient tectorigenin and belamcandin content comparatively general planting person, improves 8%-10%.
Adopt this normalized planting method, have no damage by disease and insect and occur.Therefore, this not only reduce further production cost and management cost, and the blackberry lily root medicinal material quality produced is more reliable.
Embodiment
Below further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
The biological organic complex fertilizer raw material selected in following examples is humic acid, potassium sulfate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20%, N:P of gross weight
2o
5: K
2o=5:7:8, farmyard manure is: pig manure, cow dung or chicken manure.
Embodiment 1:
Blackberry lily standardized planting base, Longgui town, Wujiang District, Shaoguan, area 80 mu, plantation be blackberry lily Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC..
A. seedling breeding
(1) to reserve seed for planting and seeding and seedling raising
Annual October ~ November, growth selection neat and consistent, healthy and strong, seed-plot is made in blackberry lily (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) standardized planting plot without damage by disease and insect, fine day is selected to carry out blackberry lily seed of gathering, when gathering, the whole fruit ear at blackberry lily plant top is cut, after drying 1 ~ 2 day under normal temperature, remove peduncle and impurity, be placed in shady and cool dry place's storage 5 ~ 6 weeks, then, seed is soaked 2 ~ 3 days with clear water, after being filtered dry moisture, vernalization 7 ~ 10 days, carry out seeding and seedling raising again, seeding and seedling raising booth is easy arched frame plastic tent, be highly 1.8 ~ 2 meters, matrix is that the coarse sand of 70% and the peat soil Homogeneous phase mixing of 30% form, by the uniform broadcasting of blackberry lily seed in seedbed, cover damp sand 1 ~ 2 cm thick above, the seeding quantity of every 667 square metres is 6 kilograms ~ 7 kilograms, after 3 ~ 4 weeks, seed starts to germinate, germination rate can reach more than 90%, when seedling grows to 2 ~ 3 leaves, water the aqueous solution of urea executing mass fraction 1% ~ 2% 1st time, during 4 ~ 5 leaves, water the aqueous solution of urea executing mass fraction 2% ~ 3% the 2nd time,
B. cultivate
(1) selection of land
Soil condition requires: select loose, fertile, well-drained sand loam or light loam, pH value is between 5.6 ~ 7.6, and soil environment quality will reach the secondary standard in " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995);
Condition of water quality requires: having can for the water source irrigated and facility, water nonpollution, the second standard during quality of irrigation water reaches " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB5084-2005);
Quality of air environment requires: blackberry lily standardized planting base surrounding air is pollution-free, meet the secondary standard in " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's ambient air quality " (GB3095-1996), namely air quality index II is between 0.6 ~ 1.0;
Other conditional requests: free of contamination industrial and mining enterprises within 10 kilometers around blackberry lily standardized planting base, pollute, without soot without " three wastes ";
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing
Select the soil is porous, fertile, well-drained level land, gentle slope ground or terraced fields, within 1 ~ 2 month, carry out before planting ploughing deeply wholely, shine white, harrow carefully smooth again, the farmyard manure 800 kilograms ~ 1000 kilograms, biological organic complex fertilizer 500 kilograms ~ 800 kilograms, compoiste fertilizer 50 kilograms ~ 60 kilograms and the superphosphate 40 kilograms ~ 50 kilograms that fully become thoroughly decomposed is applied in conjunction with whole every 667 square metres, then, with artificial or oxharrow or small farm machine, fertilizer and soil are mixed, and harrow and carefully rake;
(3) furrow are played
Whole good ground is made furrow face width 70 centimetres, and furrow face is high 25 ~ 30 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres, the furrow that ditch depth is 25 centimetres, and furrow length is determined according to landform, and furrow are to for east-west, and surrounding holds drain ditch successfully;
(4) field planting
Resident time: in annual mid or late Febuary, when blackberry lily seedling grows to 6 ~ 8 leaves, selects to transplant overcast and rainy;
Planting patterns: adopt " isosceles triangle " dibbling, directional cultivation method, namely the orientation of blackberry lily seedling leaves is consistent with north-south, every cave kind 1 young plant, and line-spacing is 50 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is 30 centimetres, i.e. the narrow strain field planting of wide row, every 667 square metres of plantation 4445 strains;
C. field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: after the neat seedling of blackberry lily, carry out the 1st shallow surface cultivation weeding annual mid-March or late March, later every 30 ~ 40 days, carry out intertill and clean tillage 1 time, accomplish that field is without weeds;
Weeds processing method: each weeds of removing, need concentrate stacking, make ash or making farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, should not be stacked in furrow face or ditch for drying burning;
(2) topdress
Dressing time and number of times: general at mid or late March, carry out first time in conjunction with the 1st intertill and clean tillage and topdress, topdress in mid-May to late May the 2nd time, topdress in late July to early August the 3rd time, topdress in late September to mid-October for the 3rd time;
Fertilizing type: topdress for the 1st time and to carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, spreading manuer in holes from plant 3 centimetres ~ 5 centimeters, blinding; When topdressing for the 2nd time and the 3rd time, need earth up, when imposing, should select to carry out before cloudy day or rainfall at every turn;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress for the 1st time, every 667 square metres apply biological organic complex fertilizer 45 kilograms ~ 50 kilograms, 10 kilograms ~ 12 kilograms, urea, and after both being mixed, execute 3 caves around every strain, in " isosceles triangle ", distribution, often spreads manuer in holes into 3.85 grams ~ 4.34 grams; Topdress for 2nd time, every 667 square metres apply biological organic complex fertilizer 60 kilograms ~ 70 kilograms, execute 3 caves around every strain, and in " isosceles triangle ", distribution, often spreads manuer in holes into 4.2 grams ~ 4.9 grams; Topdress for 3rd time, every 667 square metres apply biological organic complex fertilizer 60 kilograms ~ 70 kilograms, execute 3 caves around every strain, and in " isosceles triangle ", distribution, often spreads manuer in holes into 4.2 grams ~ 4.9 grams;
(3) earth up
After having topdressed, the fine earth in ditch need be trained around the plant of furrow face, the ridging degree of depth is 2 centimetres ~ 3 centimetres at every turn, after annual autumn and winter, above-ground plant parts was withered and yellow, need carries out rhizosphere ridging and survive the winter;
(4) irrigation and draining
Irrigate: for the water of irrigating, second standard during its water quality must reach " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB5084-2005), to before gathering after blackberry lily plantation, as arid, when slightly wilting appears in plant leaf, then irrigate, each irrigation is advisable the plow layer of below ground 10 centimetres ~ 15 centimetres to be irrigated;
Draining: when planting, surrounding excavation 35 centimetres ~ 40 centimetres, drain ditch, land for growing field crops, wide 30 centimetres ~ 35 centimetres, timely draining when being beneficial to rain heavily, after heavy rain, should check in time surrounding and furrow ditch water discharge whether unimpeded, if impeded drainage leads to, should dredge in time, in case ponding, affect blackberry lily and grow;
(5) bennet bud is wiped out in time
Annual March to October is blackberry lily vigorous growth developmental stage, and wherein May to September is reproductive stage; The blackberry lily plant of seed propagation, in field planting then July to August pumping bud, the pumping bud in May to June of the 2nd year and the 3rd year, in order to reduce nutrient consumption, bennet and bud should be wiped out by timely secateurs, to meet the nutrient required for the growth of its underground rhizome better, thus improve rhizome yield and quality of medicinal material;
D. gather
(1) harvest time
After planting the 3rd year, can gather, in Northern Guangdong Province, late January in annual late November to next year, blackberry lily plant withers gradually, and underground rhizome enters resting state, now fine drying, is more suitable picking time;
(2) collecting method
Select to gather at fine day, first concentrate and cut off cauline leaf, then underground rhizome has been dug, removing earth;
(3) preliminary working
After rhizome is excavated and transported back, clean silt, retain fibrous root and drain away the water in time, then, in the drying room of 100 DEG C-110 DEG C, baking two is little of two and one-half-hours as early as possible, is dried to by rhizome absolutely dry, be advisable with rhizome water content 9%-10%, obtain blackberry lily commodity (blackberry lily dry rhizome).
Blackberry lily dry rhizome per unit area yield can reach 150 kilograms, Product quality and safety, effectively, stable.Blackberry lily rhizome yield, than traditional cultivation method, can improve 20%.Meanwhile, quality of medicinal material is also further enhanced, and its active ingredient tectorigenin and belamcandin content comparatively general planting person, improves 8%-10%.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and planting site is still blackberry lily standardized planting base, Longgui town, Wujiang District, Shaoguan, and just cultivated area expands as 120 mu, plantation be blackberry lily Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC..
Blackberry lily dry rhizome per unit area yield can reach 160 kilograms, Product quality and safety, effectively, stable.Blackberry lily rhizome yield, than traditional cultivation method, can improve 30%.Meanwhile, quality of medicinal material is also further enhanced, and its active ingredient tectorigenin and belamcandin content comparatively general planting person, improves 8%-10%.
Claims (3)
1. a normalized planting method for medicinal plant blackberry lily, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A. seedling breeding
(1) to reserve seed for planting and seeding and seedling raising
Annual October ~ November, growth selection neat and consistent, healthy and strong, seed-plot is made in blackberry lily (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) standardized planting plot without damage by disease and insect, fine day is selected to carry out blackberry lily seed of gathering, when gathering, the whole fruit ear at blackberry lily plant top is cut, after drying 1 ~ 2 day under normal temperature, remove peduncle and impurity, be placed in shady and cool dry place's storage 5 ~ 6 weeks, then, seed is soaked 2 ~ 3 days with clear water, after being filtered dry moisture, vernalization 7 ~ 10 days, carry out seeding and seedling raising again, seeding and seedling raising booth is easy arched frame plastic tent, be highly 1.8 ~ 2 meters, matrix is that the coarse sand of 70% and the peat soil Homogeneous phase mixing of 30% form, by the uniform broadcasting of blackberry lily seed in seedbed, cover damp sand 1 ~ 2 cm thick above, the seeding quantity of every 667 square metres is 6 kilograms ~ 7 kilograms, when seedling grows to 2 ~ 3 leaves, water the aqueous solution of urea executing mass fraction 1% ~ 2% 1st time, during 4 ~ 5 leaves, water the aqueous solution of urea executing mass fraction 2% ~ 3% the 2nd time,
B. cultivate
(1) selection of land
Soil condition requires: select loose, fertile, well-drained sand loam or light loam, pH value is between 5.6 ~ 7.6, and soil environment quality will reach the secondary standard in " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995);
Condition of water quality requires: having can for the water source irrigated and facility, water nonpollution, the second standard during quality of irrigation water reaches " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB5084-2005);
Quality of air environment requires: blackberry lily standardized planting base surrounding air is pollution-free, meet the secondary standard in " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's ambient air quality " (GB3095-1996), namely air quality index II is between 0.6 ~ 1.0;
Other conditional requests: free of contamination industrial and mining enterprises within 10 kilometers around blackberry lily standardized planting base, pollute, without soot without " three wastes ";
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing
Select the soil is porous, fertile, well-drained level land, gentle slope ground or terraced fields, within 1 ~ 2 month, carry out before planting ploughing deeply wholely, shine white, harrow carefully smooth again, the farmyard manure 800 kilograms ~ 1000 kilograms, biological organic complex fertilizer 500 kilograms ~ 800 kilograms, compoiste fertilizer 50 kilograms ~ 60 kilograms and the superphosphate 40 kilograms ~ 50 kilograms that fully become thoroughly decomposed is applied in conjunction with whole every 667 square metres, then, with artificial or oxharrow or small farm machine, fertilizer and soil are mixed, and harrow and carefully rake;
(3) furrow are played
Whole good ground is made furrow face width 70 centimetres, and furrow face is high 25 ~ 30 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres, the furrow that ditch depth is 25 centimetres, and furrow length is determined according to landform, and furrow are to for east-west, and surrounding holds drain ditch successfully;
(4) field planting
Resident time: in annual mid or late Febuary, when blackberry lily seedling grows to 6 ~ 8 leaves, selects to transplant overcast and rainy;
Planting patterns: adopt " isosceles triangle " dibbling, directional cultivation method, namely the orientation of blackberry lily seedling leaves is consistent with north-south, every cave kind 1 young plant, and line-spacing is 50 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is 30 centimetres, i.e. the narrow strain field planting of wide row, every 667 square metres of plantation 4445 strains;
C. field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: after the neat seedling of blackberry lily, carry out the 1st shallow surface cultivation weeding annual mid-March or late March, later every 30 ~ 40 days, carry out intertill and clean tillage 1 time, accomplish that field is without weeds;
Weeds processing method: each weeds of removing, need concentrate stacking, make ash or making farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, should not be stacked in furrow face or ditch for drying burning;
(2) topdress
Dressing time and number of times: general at mid or late March, carry out first time in conjunction with the 1st intertill and clean tillage and topdress, topdress in mid-May to late May the 2nd time, topdress in late July to early August the 3rd time, topdress in late September to mid-October for the 3rd time;
Fertilizing type: topdress for the 1st time and to carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, spreading manuer in holes from plant 3 centimetres ~ 5 centimeters, blinding; When topdressing for the 2nd time and the 3rd time, need earth up, when imposing, should select to carry out before cloudy day or rainfall at every turn;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress for the 1st time, every 667 square metres apply biological organic complex fertilizer 45 kilograms ~ 50 kilograms, 10 kilograms ~ 12 kilograms, urea, and after both being mixed, execute 3 caves around every strain, in " isosceles triangle ", distribution, often spreads manuer in holes into 3.85 grams ~ 4.34 grams; Topdress for 2nd time, every 667 square metres apply biological organic complex fertilizer 60 kilograms ~ 70 kilograms, execute 3 caves around every strain, and in " isosceles triangle ", distribution, often spreads manuer in holes into 4.2 grams ~ 4.9 grams; Topdress for 3rd time, every 667 square metres apply biological organic complex fertilizer 60 kilograms ~ 70 kilograms, execute 3 caves around every strain, and in " isosceles triangle ", distribution, often spreads manuer in holes into 4.2 grams ~ 4.9 grams;
(3) earth up
After having topdressed, the fine earth in ditch need be trained around the plant of furrow face, the ridging degree of depth is 2 centimetres ~ 3 centimetres at every turn, after annual autumn and winter, above-ground plant parts was withered and yellow, need carries out rhizosphere ridging and survive the winter;
(4) irrigation and draining
Irrigate: for the water of irrigating, second standard during its water quality must reach " National Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality " (GB5084-2005), to before gathering after blackberry lily plantation, as arid, when slightly wilting appears in plant leaf, then irrigate, each irrigation is advisable the plow layer of below ground 10 centimetres ~ 15 centimetres to be irrigated;
Draining: when planting, surrounding excavation 35 centimetres ~ 40 centimetres, drain ditch, land for growing field crops, wide 30 centimetres ~ 35 centimetres, timely draining when being beneficial to rain heavily, after heavy rain, should check in time surrounding and furrow ditch water discharge whether unimpeded, if impeded drainage leads to, should dredge in time, in case ponding, affect blackberry lily and grow;
(5) bennet bud is wiped out in time
Annual March to October is blackberry lily vigorous growth developmental stage, and wherein May to September is reproductive stage; The blackberry lily plant of seed propagation, in field planting then July to August pumping bud, the pumping bud in May to June of the 2nd year and the 3rd year, in order to reduce nutrient consumption, bennet and bud should be wiped out by timely secateurs, to meet the nutrient required for the growth of its underground rhizome better, thus improve rhizome yield and quality of medicinal material;
D. gather
(1) harvest time
After planting the 3rd year, can gather, in Northern Guangdong Province, late January in annual late November to next year, blackberry lily plant withers gradually, and underground rhizome enters resting state, now fine drying, is more suitable picking time;
(2) collecting method
Select to gather at fine day, first concentrate and cut off cauline leaf, then underground rhizome has been dug, removing earth.
2. the normalized planting method of blackberry lily according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the raw material of described biological organic complex fertilizer is humus, potassium sulfate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20%, N:P of gross weight
2o
5: K
2o=5:7:8, farmyard manure is: pig manure, cow dung or chicken manure.
3. the normalized planting method of blackberry lily according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises preliminary working step:
After rhizome is excavated and transported back, clean silt, retain fibrous root and drain away the water in time, then, in the drying room of 100 DEG C-110 DEG C, baking two is little of two and one-half-hours as early as possible, is dried to by rhizome absolutely dry, is advisable with rhizome water content 9%-10%, obtain blackberry lily commodity.
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