CN101554115B

CN101554115B - Method for culturing Chinese silvergrass with high yield

Info

Publication number: CN101554115B
Application number: CN200810067141XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑炳松
Original assignee: 王俊
Priority date: 2008-05-08
Filing date: 2008-05-08
Publication date: 2010-12-08
Anticipated expiration: 2028-05-08
Also published as: CN101554115A

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for culturing Chinese silvergrass with high yield, relating to the technical field of the plant cultivation. The method comprises the steps of: preparing soil before winter, removing weed on the soil to be used for planting the Chinese silvergrass, ploughing up, making ridge and preserving soil moisture in time; planting at proper time from March to April with planting density of 2 plants per sq.m.; culturing during the same year, loosing soil and hoeing weed in time after blocky stem growing with sprouts; preventing cold and frozen weather, spraying ethephon to promote dormancy during November and December, at the time, using hay, or/and polyethylene film, or/and a ridging method to cover to ensure hibernation; fertilizing and irrigating until the second year; and late harvesting at proper time. The method for culturing Chinese silvergrass with high production is initiative, and has the remarkable characteristics that the method is suitable for planting blocky stems or other organ and tissue culturing materials, can achieve high yield in large area, has the average yield of the Chinese silvergrass of one ton per hectare in the first year, 11.3 tons in the second year and 20.7 tons in the third year; and can be generalized widely.

Description

The high-yield cultivating method of a kind of Chinese silvergrass

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, relate in particular to a kind of biomass energy plant Chinese silvergrass ( Miscanthus x giganteus) high-yield cultivating method.

Background technology

Chinese silvergrass ( Miscanthus x giganteus) original seed originates in various places, Chinese north and south, is the grass family herbaceos perennial, belongs to the mother plant of sugarcane, 4 meters of Gao Keda, the shape of growing thickly.The most of base of leaf is given birth to, and blade is flat, reaches 1 meter.Raceme is given birth on the top, is the room shape spike that looses around the main shaft, and the filiform hair of bunchy is arranged on the small ear, forms red inflorescence autumn.Like sunny and moistening sandy loam.Chinese silvergrass can adapt to polytype soil, has good drought-resistant ability, and per hectare is produced only 400 millimeters of water consumptions of 15 tons of dry matteies.Chinese silvergrass photosynthetic efficiency height, dry matter production are up to per hectare more than 30 tons.The Chinese silvergrass water consumption is few, need are fertile few, and perennial, the output height can utilize for many years, and not account for the farmland.Wood fibre cellulose content height in the Chinese silvergrass plant body is the raw material of living beings gasoline and diesel oil, also can be used as gardening, papermaking and other purposes.Existing nearly 100 years plantation history in Europe, Chinese silvergrass also is in wild state in China at present, does not still have the plantation precedent.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding method of Chinese silvergrass stable high yield, satisfied biomass energy and papermaking material requirement.Chinese silvergrass high-yield cultivating method of the present invention adopts following technical scheme.

The high-yield cultivating method of a kind of Chinese silvergrass comprises:

A, whole ground: before winter the previous year or winter of plantation, the weeds of waiting to plant the soil of Chinese silvergrass are removed, turn over 20～25 centimeters, the efficient height that machine turns over, fast, the good uniformity of speed; Treat the making ridge of in time raking the soil level after table soil is done, ridge is wide 460～500 centimeters, and the ridge shoulder is neat, in time soil moisture conservation.

B, plantation in good time: the time of plantation should be avoided cold in the late spring, but will guarantee simultaneously setting up good growth system before the cold arriving winter then.Block stem implantation time can be earlier, and other can be late as tissue culture material implantation time.March～April, the face of land is thawed 5～8 centimeters, can plant, and planting density is 15000～28000 strain/hectares, turnplow trench digging on ridge during plantation, apart from being 70～100 centimeters, 15～25 centimeters of ditch depths are planted block stem by 50～70 centimeters distance between ditch and the ditch, the earth backing soil moisture conservation, as soil drought, must manually water, guarantee that block stem survives growth.

C, training pipe then: when block stem survive emerge after, in time weed with a hoe, accomplish that loosing soil does not have weeds.The general artificial weeding that adopts also can chemical weed control, June and September each once; Promptly do not apply fertilizer in 1 year then, in order to avoid contaminated environment.

D, cold-resistant antifreeze guarantees to survive: the factor that influences Chinese silvergrass growth is a lot, and whether type, plantation date, the block stem that comprises moisture, temperature, propagating materials is stored etc., but what have the greatest impact is the low temperature in 1 year winter.Can Chinese silvergrass pass the winter and depend primarily on following four aspects: the one, and the resting state of plant; The 2nd, shift the ability of nutrition growth plant in latter stage to block stem; The 3rd, the type of propagating materials; The 4th, the intensity of winter low temperature and the time that continues.Therefore, 1 year to November～December, arrive winter, will carry out cold-resistant antifreeze work this moment, can spray ethrel (Camposan or 2-Chlorethyl Phosphorous Acid) and promote dormancy, method covers to adopt that simultaneously hay, polyethylene film, ridging are ridged etc., guarantees to pass the winter.

E, fertilising are poured water: Chinese silvergrass is to contain rhizomatous perennial herb, can shift nutrient component between two growth seasons, let it be to the greatest extent, and life span is very long, but the life of its stem and leaf only one year, what unique life was long is block stem, is used to nourish and generate and the nutrition storage.Guarantee the low nutrient content of the material of results the vegetative cycle between this overground part and the underground part, but also make the optimization of fertilising and quantitatively become complicated.Be not sought after in the north but be to be necessary for south although irrigate, therefore place with good conditionsi can be irrigated, and irrigates season in drought in summer.Just began fertilising in 1 year, fertilizing amount is 38～42 kilograms of N of per hectare, 38～42 kilograms of P, 58～62 kilograms of K.Annual fertilizing amount is 85～95 kilograms of N of per hectare after the 3rd year, 85～95 kilograms of P, 145～155 kilograms of K.

F, harvest in proper late: when moisture is minimum, begin the coming year before the regrowth, begin results after Chinese silvergrass is old and feeble.Must guarantee that it is very important that Chinese silvergrass begins results after old and feeble, the transhipment of assimilation substance begins like this, and block stem just can obtain be used to pass the winter the regrowth with next spring of enough assimilation substances.Low moisture content also is one of index that guarantees the high-quality Chinese silvergrass, so also needn't manually dewater, and saves cost.It is damage (young shoot just begins to sprout when spring, temperature was spent greater than 10) for fear of young shoot that results should be finished before coming year growth.Usually, in the north, harvest time is mainly in moisture minimum early spring, and in south, results are mainly finished in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter.

The high-yield cultivating method of a kind of Chinese silvergrass of the present invention has initiative, and its outstanding feature is: one, and for block stem plantation, or other is all suitable as the plantation of tissue culture material; Its two, can realize the large tracts of land aim of high yield really, average yield is that per hectare was gathered in the crops 1 ton of dried Chinese silvergrass in 1 year, 1 year 11.3 tons, the 3rd year 20.7 tons; Thereafter volume increase year by year, the life-span can reach 20 years, and average output per hectare can reach 23 tons; Its three, workable, be easy to large tracts of land and promote; Its four, this method itself has taken into full account the adverse effect that production process may cause environment, can not cause the contaminated environment that causes because of cultivation method is improper.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the high-yield cultivating method schematic diagram of a kind of Chinese silvergrass of the present invention.

Among the figure: A, whole ground, B, plantation in good time, C, training pipe then, D, cold-resistant antifreeze, F, harvest in proper late are poured water in E, fertilising.

Embodiment

The present invention layouts in France northern Picardia area, carries out the experimental study of serial high-yield cultivating technology.By to Chinese silvergrass biological property and high-yield cultivating technical research, its high-yield cultivating method is achieved in that

Carry out whole ground before the winter, do ridge work, ridge is apart from 480 centimeters, and is straight between ridge.Late March begins plantation, and planting density is 20000 strain/hectares, adopts turnplow trench digging on the ridge, and apart from being 80 centimeters, 20 centimeters of ditch depths are planted block stem by 60 centimeters distance between ditch and the ditch, the earth backing soil moisture conservation.

When block stem survive emerge after, weed with a hoe, accomplish that loosing soil does not have weeds.The method that adopts artificial weeding and chemical weed control to combine, chemical weed control June and September each once.

Arrived winter to November-December in 1 year, and will carry out cold-resistant antifreeze work this moment, can spray ethrel and promote dormancy, adopts the hay covering method to pass the winter simultaneously.

Do not apply fertilizer in 1 year, in order to avoid contaminated environment; Began fertilising in 1 year, fertilizing amount is 40 kilograms of N of per hectare, 40 kilograms of P, 60 kilograms of K; The 3rd year fertilizing amount is 90 kilograms of N of per hectare, 90 kilograms of P, 150 kilograms of K.

Adopt the mechanical harvesting machine to gather in the crops in early spring.By planting experimentally in France northern Picardia area, average yield is that per hectare 1 year was 1 ton, and 1 year is 11.3 tons, and the 3rd year is 20.7 tons.

The present invention is not limited to embodiment, so long as adopted high-yield cultivating method provided by the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, no matter carries out which kind of equivalents and modification, all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. the high-yield cultivating method of a Chinese silvergrass is characterized in that, comprising:

A, whole ground before the winter: before winter the previous year or winter of plantation, the weeds of waiting to plant the soil of Chinese silvergrass are removed, turn over 20～25 centimeters; Treat in time rake the soil level after table soil is done making ridge, in time soil moisture conservation;

B, plantation in good time: in March～April, can plant; Planting density is 15000～28000 strain/hectares;

C, training pipe then: when block stem survive emerge after, in time weed with a hoe;

D, cold-resistant antifreeze: arrived winter, carry out cold-resistant antifreeze work to November～December in promptly 1 year then, sprays ethrel and promote dormancy, adopts hay simultaneously or/and polyethylene film or/and the ridging method of ridging covers, guarantees to pass the winter;

E, fertilising are poured water: drought in summer is irrigated season; Just began fertilising in 1 year, fertilizing amount is 38～42 kilograms of N of per hectare, 38～42 kilograms of P, 58～62 kilograms of K; Annual fertilizing amount is 85～95 kilograms of N of per hectare after the 3rd year, 85～95 kilograms of P, 145～155 kilograms of K;

F, harvest in proper late: when moisture is minimum, begin the coming year before the regrowth, begin results after Chinese silvergrass is old and feeble.

2. the high-yield cultivating method of a kind of Chinese silvergrass according to claim 1 is characterized in that: during whole ground making ridge, ridge is wide 460～500 centimeters before the winter, and the ridge shoulder is neat.

3. the high-yield cultivating method of a kind of Chinese silvergrass according to claim 1 is characterized in that: select block stem plantation during plantation for use, perhaps select the plantation of tissue culture material for use.

4. the high-yield cultivating method of a kind of Chinese silvergrass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: ditch on the ridge during plantation, distance is 70～100 centimeters between ditch and the ditch, 15～25 centimeters of ditch depths, plant block stem by 50～70 centimeters distance, the earth backing soil moisture conservation is as soil drought, manually water, guarantee that block stem survives growth.

5. the high-yield cultivating method of a kind of Chinese silvergrass according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt artificial weeding, perhaps chemical weed control, June and September each once.

6. the high-yield cultivating method of a kind of Chinese silvergrass according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the north, harvest time is mainly in moisture minimum early spring, and in south, results are mainly finished in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter.