CN102498888B - Standardized planting method for ceratostigma willmottianum - Google Patents
Standardized planting method for ceratostigma willmottianum Download PDFInfo
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- CN102498888B CN102498888B CN 201110349708 CN201110349708A CN102498888B CN 102498888 B CN102498888 B CN 102498888B CN 201110349708 CN201110349708 CN 201110349708 CN 201110349708 A CN201110349708 A CN 201110349708A CN 102498888 B CN102498888 B CN 102498888B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a standardized planting method for ceratostigma willmottianum. The standardized planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1, cultivating, namely (1) selecting lands, (2) performing land preparation, (3) disinfecting, (4) fertilizing a base fertilizer, (5) furrowing and (6) performing fixed planting; 2, performing field management, namely (1) intertilling for weeding, (2) performing top application, (3) ridging, (4) irrigating and draining and (5) pinching and picking buds; and 3, harvesting. According to the standardized planting method for the ceratostigma willmottianum, the transplanting survival rate is over 99 percent, and the yield per unit area is between 150 and 200 kilograms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Standardized planting method for ceratostigma willmottianum.
Background technology
Willmott ceratosigma root is the dry root of lumbaginaceae plant willmott ceratosigma root (Ceratostigma willmottianum Stapf), be distributed in the ground such as southwest and Gansu, Tibet, be ethnic group's medication, record in " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine, national quality of medicinal material standard " version in 2003, have promoting blood circulation and stopping pain, clearing and activating the channels and collaterals, blood stasis-eliminating and stagnation-dissipating, be used for falling and flutter fracture, rheumatic numbness, gastral cavity pain and the effect such as sprain.It is more that willmott ceratosigma root contains composition, contains plumbagin, vanillic acid, plumbagic acid etc., and main component wherein is plumbagin, and that its activity mainly contains is antibiotic, antifertility, eliminate the phlegm, and also has certain effect to cardiovascular.
Willmott ceratosigma root is born on well-drained hillside, cloudy place, roadside.At present the medicinal material of willmott ceratosigma root all comes from wild harvesting, and the utilization of willmott ceratosigma root herb resource is limited by very large, and is badly in need of the standardization artificial method for planting of a willmott ceratosigma root of exploitation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that will solve of the present invention is to provide the standardization artificial method for planting of a willmott ceratosigma root, overcomes the present situation of present willmott ceratosigma root medicinal material rareness.
The normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation
(1) selection of land: plow layer is at 30 ~ 40 cm, and soil requires as fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid to neutral sand loam soil, and soil environment, air and quality of irrigation water are pollution-free, nursery on every side 10 km with interior three-waste free pollution and soot;
(2) wholely: level land, keep Land leveling, soil is in small, broken bits;
(3) sterilization: in conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely;
(4) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: fertilizer is sprinkled evenly on whole good soil, plough under in ground with plough, then deep ploughing, harrow even;
(5) open the railway carriage or compartment: open the railway carriage or compartment in whole good ground, wide 200 ~ 400cm, high 25 ~ 30cm, furrow width 30 ~ 35cm, ditch depth 20 ~ 25cm, surrounding is held the drain ditch successfully, and deep ploughing is ploughed, and meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, makes the complete refinement of soil;
(6) mode of planting: when planting on the face of railway carriage or compartment by the spacing in the rows of 30 ~ 35cm, the line-spacing of 40 ~ 50cm digs the cave, dark 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, diameter 20 ~ 30cm, soil is shown in the cave got that wherein half is inserted in the hole, train into the mound shape, seedling is put into the hole, root system is evenly distributed on the mound at the end of hole, behind correction seedling position, second half native layering is inserted in the hole, all want steady and sure for every layer, seedling should be carried slightly up and down before stepping on and being made a movement, root system is unfolded, and root system is fully contacted with soil, remaining soil is inserted in the cave, till flat with the earth's surface, water sufficient normal root water, planted one row after plant successively again.
(2)
Field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage: carry out shallow surface cultivation weeding for the first time at the beginning of 8 months, to seedling Feng Hanghou, stop intertillage, keep the field without weeds; Second Year weeding is for the first time carried out when at the beginning of 4 months, the willmott ceratosigma root sprouting grows; Intertill and clean tillage, dig gently with spud and sort out weeds for the first time, and later weeding can only be with manually pulling out;
(2) topdress: topdress then and once topdress in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, Second Year topdresses and carries out once when at the beginning of 4 months, willmott ceratosigma root grows sprouting for the first time, then carries out once in mid-June, during fertilising, then first open loop ditch around plant applies plant root limit to fertilizer;
(3) ridging: topdress for the first time every year complete with spades or shovel hoe shovel fine earth from empty ditch train around the cave, ridging thickness is 3 ~ 5cm;
(4) 1. irrigation irrigates with draining: the water that is used for the willmott ceratosigma root irrigation must reach national grade ii standard, and annual detection once, if chance arid after plantation is watered 2 ~ 4 times; 2. draining: when plantation, the land for growing field crops surrounding is increased zanjon; Check per month 1 ~ 2 time, keep native without amassing in ditch, and make it to keep hunchbacked shape;
(5) pinch, pluck flower bud, early stage in the willmott ceratosigma root growth, the non-rainy day pinches and constantly removes lateral bud, and bud is constantly removed in early stage continuity buddingging;
(3) gather
(1) collecting time: excavate when most of the withering of plant in the middle ten days December of planting after 2 years;
(2) weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate;
(3) collecting method: adopt mining method, down dig along face cross section, railway carriage or compartment with clean, free of contamination instrument, the root that digs out is removed the above part of earth and root, clip main root and fibrous root, first put dry under sunlight after, be bundled into wisp and shining extremely absolutely dryly, be cut into segment;
(4) cleaning rural area: residual non-medicinal part and the weeds in willmott ceratosigma root plot of excavating are concentrated stacking.
The normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention, described
In cultivationSelection of land: soil requires to be fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid neutral sand loam soil extremely, and the pH value is 6 ~ 7.1.
The normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention, described
In cultivationWhole ground: mid or late June is carried out whole ground, gathers in the crops rear or goes up idly at preceding crop, adopts and ploughs or manually dig, and the degree of depth is more than 30cm.
The normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention, described
In cultivationSterilization: select 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate dilution, be sprayed on table soil.
The normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention, described
In cultivationBasal dressing, fertilizer be for making compost, in conjunction with wholely every mu execute and make compost 1500kg ~ 2000kg.
The normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention, described
Field managementIntertill and clean tillage, the weeds of at every turn extracting need to concentrate and stack, and dry burning.
The normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention, described
Field managementTopdress, the selection of time of fertilising is after dew is done in the morning, and execute material kind and amount of application: topdress every year for the first time, compoiste fertilizer 35 ~ 40kg/ mu, urea 3.0kg/ mu; Topdress for the second time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8kg/ mu.
The normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention, described irrigation and draining, in the willmott ceratosigma root growth and development process, should in time detect according to the rainfall situation, when here the willmott ceratosigma root blade occurred slightly withering, irrigate: irrigation frequency reached as required the rainfall situation and determines, summer is arid, at the morning and evening irrigation water, adopt artificial method of spraying, each pouring irrigates subsurface 15cm ~ 20cm plow layer.
The beneficial effect that the present invention reaches:
(1) adopt the normalized planting method of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention, transplanting survival rate is more than 99%, and per mu yield can reach 150 ~ 200kg;
(2) soil requires as fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid to neutral sand loam soil, willmott ceratosigma root to soil require high, fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid extremely neutral sand loam soil be conducive to the growth of willmott ceratosigma root;
(3) disinfection way is effective; Carbendazim is the high-efficiency low-toxicity systemic fungicide, and interior suction treatment and protective effect are arranged; The phoxim insecticidal spectrum is wide, and the power of knocking down is strong, take tag and stomach poison function as main, without systemic action, very effective to the phosphorus wing order larva; , decompose very soon because of to photo-labile in the field, so residual life is short, residual danger is little, but this medicine applies in soil, and residual life is very long, is suitable for preventing and treating soil insect;
(4) use and to make compost effectively, cost is low: make compost as natural organic matter through the class fertilizer that microorganism is decomposed or fermentation forms, China claims again farmyard manure; Its raw material sources are wide, and quantity is large; Nutrient is complete, and content is low; Fertilizer efficiency is grown late, must could absorb for plants after the microorganism decomposition and inversion, and is effective;
(5) weeds of at every turn extracting need to concentrate and stack, and dry burning, can be used as the fertilizer of willmott ceratosigma root;
When (6) willmott ceratosigma root was met ponding, root was very easily rotten, thereby plant is dead, so solved well this problem with the mode of opening the railway carriage or compartment, the surrounding zanjon can play good drainage effect; In time detect according to the rainfall situation, when here the willmott ceratosigma root blade occurred slightly withering, irrigate: irrigation frequency reached as required the rainfall situation and determines, thereby has reduced the lethality of willmott ceratosigma root;
(7) describedly pinch, pluck flower bud: early stage in the willmott ceratosigma root growth, the non-rainy day pinches and constantly removes lateral bud, expands to promote underground ramp of following; Constantly remove bud in the early stage continuity of buddingging, to reduce the consumption of nutrient, guarantee the nutrition supply of root, be beneficial to the volume increase of willmott ceratosigma root.
Embodiment
The normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation
(1) selection of land: plow layer is at 35cm, and soil environment, air and quality of irrigation water are pollution-free, and soil requires as fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid to neutral sand loam soil, and the pH value is 6.5, nursery on every side 10 km with interior three-waste free pollution and soot; Be specially: soil environment is pollution-free, quality must meet " National Environmental quality standard " (GB15618-1995) one-level or secondary standard, air is pollution-free, quality reaches " atmosphere quality requirement " (GB3095-1996) country-level or secondary standard (that is: air quality index is 0.6 ~ 1.0), quality of irrigation water is pollution-free, reaches the above standard of national secondary.
(2) wholely: carried out whole ground on June 20, gather in the crops rear or go up idly at preceding crop, employing is ploughed, and the degree of depth is leveled land at 35cm, keeps Land leveling, and soil is in small, broken bits;
(3) sterilization: in conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely, select 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate dilution, be sprayed on table soil;
(4) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: in conjunction with wholely every mu execute and make compost 1800kg, sprinkle evenly on whole good soil making compost, plough under in ground with plough, then deep ploughing, harrow even;
(5) open the railway carriage or compartment: open the railway carriage or compartment in whole good ground, wide 200cm, high 28cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm, surrounding is held the drain ditch successfully, and deep ploughing is ploughed, and meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, makes the complete refinement of soil, and sorts out weeds;
(6) mode of planting: when planting on the face of railway carriage or compartment by the spacing in the rows of 30cm, the line-spacing of 40cm digs the cave, the dark 10cm in cave, diameter 20cm, then the cave is shown soil and got that wherein half is inserted in the hole, train into the mound shape, seedling is put into the hole, root system is evenly distributed on the mound at the end of hole, behind correction seedling position, second half native layering is inserted in the hole, all want steady and sure for every layer, seedling should be carried slightly up and down before stepping on and being made a movement, root system is unfolded, and root system is fully contacted with soil, remaining soil is inserted in the cave, till flat with the earth's surface, water sufficient normal root water, planted one row after plant successively again, during transplantation of seedlings, every mu is 4000 strains with the seedling number.
(2)
Field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage: carried out shallow surface cultivation weeding for the first time August 2, to seedling Feng Hanghou, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the field without weeds; Second Year weeding was for the first time carried out when April 5, the willmott ceratosigma root sprouting grew, and saw that later on grass just removes, and kept the field without weeds; Intertill and clean tillage, dig gently with spud and sort out weeds for the first time, and later weeding is manually pulled out, and the weeds of at every turn extracting need to concentrate and stack, and dry burning;
(2) topdress: general once the topdressing in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time of topdressing then gets final product, Second Year topdresses and carried out once when April 2, willmott ceratosigma root grew sprouting for the first time, then carried out once June 18, during fertilising, then first open loop ditch around plant applies plant root limit to fertilizer, the selection of time of fertilising is after dew is done in the morning, execute material kind and amount of application: topdress for the first time, compoiste fertilizer 38kg/ mu, urea 3.0kg/ mu; Topdress for the second time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8kg/ mu;
(3) ridging: topdress for the first time every year complete with spades or shovel hoe shovel fine earth from empty ditch train around the cave, note not damaging stem, the leaf of willmott ceratosigma root, ridging thickness is 4cm;
(4) irrigation and draining
1. irrigate: the water that is used for the willmott ceratosigma root irrigation must reach (GB5084-85) secondary standard of country's " field irrigation standards of water quality ", and annual the detection once, in the willmott ceratosigma root growth and development process, adopt artificial method of spraying summer, at the morning and evening irrigation water, pouring irrigates subsurface 15cm ~ 20cm plow layer;
2. draining: when plantation, the land for growing field crops surrounding is increased zanjon, is beneficial to timely draining; Check per month 1 ~ 2 time, finding has long-pending soil in ditch, should get rid of immediately long-pending soil, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape, and after heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded to check surrounding and railway carriage or compartment ditch, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge.Simultaneously, check that whether the railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape;
(5) pinch, pluck flower bud: pinch and constantly remove lateral bud in the willmott ceratosigma root early stage non-rainy day of growth, expanding with the ramp that promotes subterraneous root; Constantly remove bud in the early stage continuity of buddingging, to reduce the consumption of nutrient, guarantee the nutrition supply of root, be beneficial to the volume increase of willmott ceratosigma root.
(3) gather
(1) collecting time: excavate when most of the withering of plant in the middle ten days December of planting after 2 years;
(2) weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate;
(3) collecting method: adopt mining method, down dig along face cross section, railway carriage or compartment with clean, free of contamination instrument, the root that digs out is removed the above part of earth and root, clip main root and fibrous root, first put dry under sunlight after, be bundled into wisp and shining extremely absolutely dryly, be cut into segment; Per mu yield is 180 kg;
(4) cleaning rural area: residual non-medicinal part and the weeds in willmott ceratosigma root plot of excavating are concentrated stacking.
Claims (8)
1. the normalized planting method of a willmott ceratosigma root is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) cultivation
(1) selection of land: plow layer is at 30 ~ 40 cm, and soil requires as fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid to neutral sand loam soil, and soil environment, air and quality of irrigation water are pollution-free, nursery on every side 10 km with interior three-waste free pollution and soot;
(2) wholely: level land, keep Land leveling, soil is in small, broken bits;
(3) sterilization: in conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely;
(4) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: fertilizer is sprinkled evenly on whole good soil, plough under in ground with plough, then deep ploughing, harrow even;
(5) open the railway carriage or compartment: open the railway carriage or compartment in whole good ground, wide 200 ~ 400cm, high 25 ~ 30cm, furrow width 30 ~ 35cm, ditch depth 20 ~ 25cm, surrounding is held the drain ditch successfully, and deep ploughing is ploughed, and meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, makes the complete refinement of soil;
(6) mode of planting: when planting on the face of railway carriage or compartment by the spacing in the rows of 30 ~ 35cm, the line-spacing of 40 ~ 50cm digs the cave, dark 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, diameter 20 ~ 30cm, soil is shown in the cave got that wherein half is inserted in the hole, train into the mound shape, seedling is put into the hole, root system is evenly distributed on the mound at the end of hole, behind correction seedling position, second half native layering is inserted in the hole, all want steady and sure for every layer, seedling should be carried slightly up and down before stepping on and being made a movement, root system is unfolded, and root system is fully contacted with soil, remaining soil is inserted in the cave, till flat with the earth's surface, water sufficient normal root water, planted one row after plant successively again,
(2) field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage: carry out shallow surface cultivation weeding for the first time at the beginning of 8 months, to seedling Feng Hanghou, stop intertillage, keep the field without weeds; Second Year weeding is for the first time carried out when at the beginning of 4 months, the willmott ceratosigma root sprouting grows; Intertill and clean tillage, dig gently with spud and sort out weeds for the first time, and later weeding is manually pulled out;
(2) topdress: topdress then and once topdress in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, Second Year topdresses and carries out once when at the beginning of 4 months, willmott ceratosigma root grows sprouting for the first time, then carries out once in mid-June, during fertilising, then first open loop ditch around plant applies plant root limit to fertilizer;
(3) ridging: topdress for the first time every year complete with spades or shovel hoe shovel fine earth from empty ditch train around the cave, ridging thickness is 3 ~ 5cm;
(4) 1. irrigation irrigates with draining: the water that is used for the willmott ceratosigma root irrigation must reach national grade ii standard, and annual detection once, if chance arid after plantation is watered 2 ~ 4 times; 2. draining: when plantation, the land for growing field crops surrounding is increased zanjon; Check per month 1 ~ 2 time, keep native without amassing in ditch, and make it to keep hunchbacked shape;
(5) pinch, pluck flower bud, early stage in the willmott ceratosigma root growth, the non-rainy day pinches and constantly removes lateral bud, and bud is constantly removed in early stage continuity buddingging;
(3) gather
(1) collecting time: excavate when most of the withering of plant in the middle ten days December of planting after 2 years;
(2) weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate;
(3) collecting method: adopt mining method, down dig along face cross section, railway carriage or compartment with clean, free of contamination instrument, the root that digs out is removed the part more than earth and root, clip main root and fibrous root, first put dry under sunlight after, be bundled into wisp and shine again to absolutely dry, be cut into segment;
(4) cleaning rural area: residual non-medicinal part and the weeds in willmott ceratosigma root plot of excavating are concentrated stacking.
2. the normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root according to claim 1 is characterized in that: selection of land in described cultivation: soil requires to be fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid neutral sand loam soil extremely, and the pH value is 6 ~ 7.1.
3. the normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root according to claim 1 is characterized in that: whole ground in described cultivation: mid or late June is carried out whole ground, after the preceding crop results or go up idly, adopts and ploughs or manually dig, and the degree of depth is more than 30cm.
4. the normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root according to claim 1, is characterized in that: sterilize in described cultivation: select 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate dilution, be sprayed on table soil.
5. the normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root according to claim 1 is characterized in that: basal dressing in described cultivation, fertilizer be for making compost, in conjunction with wholely every mu execute and make compost 1500kg ~ 2000kg.
6. the normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the intertill and clean tillage of described field management, the weeds of at every turn extracting need to concentrate and stack, and dry burning.
7. the normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the topdressing of described field management, the selection of time of fertilising are after dew is done in the morning, and execute material kind and amount of application: topdress every year for the first time, compoiste fertilizer 35 ~ 40kg/ mu, urea 3.0kg/ mu; Topdress for the second time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8kg/ mu.
8. the normalized planting method of a kind of willmott ceratosigma root according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described irrigation and draining, in the willmott ceratosigma root growth and development process, should in time detect according to the rainfall situation, when here the willmott ceratosigma root blade occurred slightly withering, irrigate: irrigation frequency reached as required the rainfall situation and determines, summer is arid, at the morning and evening irrigation water, adopt artificial method of spraying, each pouring irrigates subsurface 15cm ~ 20cm plow layer.
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