CN1316868C - Standard planting method of radix pseudostellariae - Google Patents
Standard planting method of radix pseudostellariae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a standard planting method of radix pseudostellariae, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) the breeding of seedlings of the radix pseudostellariae: seedlings reservation and preservation; (2) the cultivation: 1, land selection; 2, land preparation; 3, sterilization; 4, basal application of fertilizers; 5, box opening; 6, planting; (3) the field management: 1, cultivation and weed removal; 2, additional fertilizers; 3, hilling; 4, irrigation and drainage; (4) the harvest. The radix pseudostellariae of the present invention can accord with the requirement of ' traditional Chinese medicinal material production quality control specifications ' (trial operation) of a national food and drug surveillance control office. Under the condition of normal years, the yield of medicinal materials (dry goods) of the radix pseudostellariae can reach from 75kg to 120kg per mou, and the radix pseudostellariae has the advantages of safe quality, effectiveness, high quality, stability and controllability. If a radix pseudostellariae industry is developed in mountain areas, great economic and social benefit can be created, and good ecological environment benefit can be brought.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the medicinal plant cultivation field, relate in particular to a kind of normalized planting method of radix pseudostellariae.
Background technology
Radix pseudostellariae is the underground root of pinkwort caryophyllaceous ginseng Pseudostellaria heterophlla (Miq.) Paxex Pax et Hoffm..In recent years, the market demand of radix pseudostellariae increases day by day, and the market price also rises steadily, and is subjected to the driving of interests, and wild resource is excavated by artificial predation, and resource is withered day by day brown, and natural environment destroys serious.Wild in addition radix pseudostellariae is subjected to the influence of natural cause, and quality, quantity all are difficult to guarantee, have become the bottleneck of radix pseudostellariae series tcm development.
Under the new existence theory of the mankind, new life style promote, the medicine that with natural resources is raw material more and more comes into one's own in prevention from suffering from the diseases, treatment and health care, and the Chinese medicine industry of integrate green, safety, prevention, health care, treating is becoming the important component part of world's medicinal industry.Country pays much attention to the Chinese medicine industry development, actively pushes forward the modernization of Chinese medicine and industrialization, and the Chinese medicine industry will become the strategic industry of 21 century Chinese Economy Development.Radix pseudostellariae has economic plants and the double characteristic of ecological vegetable concurrently, and its plantation and processing have strict demand again to limiting various chemical contaminations, are good environment amity industries.Greatly develop the radix pseudostellariae industry and not only can create considerable economic results in society, can also bring good ecological environment benefit.
What solve that the approach of existing problem usually adopts is wild radix pseudostellariae to be become that family plants or the method for plantation is introduced a fine variety in the strange land, but at present owing to lack the standardized planting technology, make that the radix pseudostellariae planting scale is little, planting cost is high, the quality instability is difficult to reach the requirement of State Food and Drug Administration's " traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation " (trying).
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, and a kind of quality safety that provides, effectively, high-quality, stable, controlled, the establishing in large scale that can standardize, the normalized planting method of the radix pseudostellariae of plantation small investment, high efficiency.
The normalized planting method of radix pseudostellariae of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) seed ginseng breeds
Reserve seed for planting: at the beginning of 6 months, seed-plot is made in the plot of grow in the selection ginseng ground neat and consistent, stalwartness, the harm of no damage by disease and insect, and indivedual seedlings of ill worm harm should be extracted in the seed-plot;
Preserve: an original place preservations of reserving seed for planting: open cave interplanting spring soybean by spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 40cm the vigorous period of plant strain growth of ginseng ground before and after the Beginning of summer of reserving seed for planting,, it is excavated, can plant in front and back in the Frost's Descent; Two sand are hidden the preservation of seed ginseng: excavate at the radix pseudostellariae piece root that will join in the ground August, choose sturdy seed ginseng, the piece root of diameter＞2.0mm is made kind of a usefulness, preserves with wet river sand; Select shady and cool, clean, cleaning, pollution-free, be difficult for being made the piece root and hide and deposit ground by the environmental condition that people, fowl poultry are destroyed; By sand and seed ginseng is to preserve at 3: 1, i.e. the thick river sand of the bottom shop about 5cm of one deck is caught seed ginseng equably and is sprinkling upon on the sand of river, and sand thick about 5cm in lid layer river can spread 4～5 layers by that analogy and get final product; Inspection in general 1 month gets final product for 1～2 time, takes out seed ginseng and can plant before and after the Frost's Descent.
(2) cultivation
1. select ground
Soil condition requires: radix pseudostellariae to soil require with fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid extremely neutral sand loam for well, require the pH value between 6～7.2, plow layer is about 30cm, and soil environment quality must meet " National Environmental quality standard " (GB15618～1995) one-level or secondary standard;
The base air ambient requires: air is pollution-free, meets " atmosphere quality requirement " (GB3095～1996) one-level or secondary standard, and promptly air quality index II is between 0.6～1.0;
Condition of water quality requires: having can be for the water source and the facility of irrigating, water nonpollution, and quality of irrigation water reaches country's " farmland irrigating water's quality standard " (GB3095～1985) secondary or the above standard of secondary.
Other conditional request: 10km produces the industrial and mining enterprises that pollute with interior nothing around the radix pseudostellariae planting site, does not have " three wastes " and pollutes no soot;
2. wholely
Time of site preparation: annual late September carries out putting in order ground the first time, tedding, and during the radix pseudostellariae plantation, carries out once wholely October～November again;
Method of soil preparation: on preceding crop results back or fallow land, adopt and plough or manually turn over and dig, more than the degree of depth 20cm;
3. sterilization
When whole ground for the second time, in conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely, i.e. October in every year～November; Select fine day, forbid to carry out soil disinfection in the rainy day; Be sprayed on the soil table with 800 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilution soil table with 800 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate;
4. basal dressing
The basal dressing time: in conjunction with for the second time wholely, i.e. October～by the end of November;
Basal dressing amount: execute for every mu and macerate ripe ox, the fertile 1500kg～2000kg of pigsty, compoiste fertilizer 100kg;
Fertilizing method: after macerating ripe ox, pigsty fertilizer and compoiste fertilizer and evenly mixing, base manure spread spare on whole good plot, turn over or manually plough under in the ground with plough, deep ploughing is again ploughed or the oxharrow rake is thin, rake is equal with artificial
5. open the railway carriage or compartment
Whole good ground is done to be wide 1.3m, the high 25cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm, holds the drain ditch all around successfully.Railway carriage or compartment length is decided because of landform, but the longlyest can not surpass 15m, and the railway carriage or compartment face does to be hunchbacked shape; Deep ploughing is ploughed, and meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, up to soil broken fully thin till, require that rake is dark, rake is thin, rake is saturating, level land and sort out weeds.
6. plantation
Implantation time: October is to late November;
Planting patterns: adopt drilling to plant; Dig the ditch of wide 8cm, dark 8cm, the ditch distance is 15cm; Select healthy and strong, the bud head is full, not damaged, no damage by disease and insect are caused harm, the good seed ginseng of thick＞2.0mm with 500 times of liquid immersions of 50% carbendazim 30min, drains seed ginseng plantation the previous day, cleans residual liquor with clear water then, dries surface water slightly and waits to plant; Seed ginseng is put into the ditch of holding successfully, and bud is head-up tiltedly put into ditch when putting, and upright position when putting seed ginseng, is put into the ditch that digs by spacing in the rows 6cm, and mu is with planting a parameter 30kg～35kg; To be placed with the ditch of seed ginseng, cover seed ginseng with the fine earth in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment, thickness of earth-fill cover is 6cm～8cm, i.e. the dark 6cm～8cm of earthing above the bud head.Railway carriage or compartment face behind the earthing is hunchbacked shape, with hoe compacting railway carriage or compartment face soil gently.
(3) field management
1. intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of seedling, carry out the shallow surface cultivation weeding first time at the beginning of promptly annual 3 months,, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the ginseng field not have weeds to seedling Feng Hanghou;
The intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, available spud turns over to dig gently sorts out weeds, and later weeding can only be with manually pulling out.In the radix pseudostellariae planting base, forbid to adopt chemical weed control practices or produce the chemical herbicide that bans use of;
Weeds are handled: the weeds of at every turn extracting, need to concentrate the heap level, and be used to dry burn and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, forbid arbitrarily to be stacked in railway carriage or compartment face or the ditch.
2. topdress
Dressing time and number of times: radix pseudostellariae topdresses generally at early March to late March, once topdresses in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, is called short seed manure, in 4 months, carry out topdressing the second time in last ten-days period, be called fertilizers for potted flowers;
Method of application: topdress for the first time and carry out,, loosen the soil gently with spud along in the ranks equably fertilizer being spread in the row of radix pseudostellariae in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, in fertilizer lid buried, note fertilizer not being sprinkling upon on the blade, in order to avoid the blade of burning, be chosen in and be advisable after morning, dew was done, forbid the rainy day fertilising; Topdress for the second time, adopt foliage-spray, sprayed once in 7～10 days, get final product for general 2～3 times, spray 9:00～11:00 in the morning, afternoon, 16:00～18:30 carried out, and forbade high temperature service;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress compoiste fertilizer 25kg/ mu～30kg/ mu, urea 2.5kg/ mu for the first time; Topdress for the second time,, be made into 0.5% solution and carry out foliage-spray with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu;
3. ridging
Topdressing for the first time finishes, and shovel fine earth from empty ditch is trained in railway carriage or compartment face (promptly in the ranks) with spades or shovel hoe, notes not damaging stem, the leaf of seedling; Ridging thickness is 1cm～1.5cm;
4. irrigate and draining
Irrigate: the irrigation water that is used for the radix pseudostellariae base must reach GB5084～85 " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " secondary standard, and annual the detection once, plants the back if the arid of chance can be watered 1～2 time; In radix pseudostellariae whole growth growth course, should in time check according to the rainfall situation, when slight the wilting appears in the radix pseudostellariae blade, then irrigate; Irrigation frequency should reach the decision of rainfall situation as required, and summer, arid can be sure not to carry out under sunlight is exposed to the sun sooner or later pouring water; Radix pseudostellariae is irrigated and is all adopted artificial method of spraying, and waters so that below ground 10cm～15cm plow layer is irrigated and is advisable at every turn;
Draining: when plantation, increase zanjon around the land for growing field crops, be beneficial to timely draining; Checked 1～2 time that finding had long-pending soil in the ditch, should get rid of long-pending soil immediately, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape in every month; After the heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded with the railway carriage or compartment ditch around checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge.Simultaneously, check that whether the railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if then earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape.
(4) gather
Collecting time: determine collecting time in a conventional manner, before and after administration's season, i.e. late July, excavate when the plant major part is withered that the year of gathering is limited to a growth cycle;
The weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate and be advisable, forbid the rainy day to be excavated;
Collecting method: adopt mining method, down dig along face cross section, railway carriage or compartment with four tooth palladiums, dark 20cm～25cm, the radix pseudostellariae piece root that digs out is removed earth and acrial part, notes not digging brokenly the piece root.Pack in the bamboo basket of cleaning, nontoxic, anosis worm, dig disconnected piece root and pack in another bamboo basket, be transported to the storeroom, dig disconnected piece root and focus on;
The cleaning rural area: non-medicinal part of radix pseudostellariae that the radix pseudostellariae plot of excavating is stayed and weeds are waited to concentrate and stack, and the concentrated planting site that transports out burns, digs pit buried outward or makes base manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed after up to standard.
The normalized planting method of described radix pseudostellariae, wherein the raw material of compoiste fertilizer is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8.
The normalized planting method of described radix pseudostellariae also can comprise following preliminary working step:
The processing place: the radix pseudostellariae preliminary working is provided with special processing place, must clean and lay mattess; Surrounding environment does not have pollution source, has measures such as sunshade, rainproof, protection against rodents, dustproof, insect protected, anti-fowl poultry;
The sorting of bright radix pseudostellariae piece root: removing is endangered by damage by disease and insect, the radix pseudostellariae piece root of damage and other top and weeds etc.; Part and weeds etc.;
The cleaning of bright radix pseudostellariae: the water quality of cleaning radix pseudostellariae must reach drinking water standard, behind the 5～8min that is soaked in water, adopts circulating water to clean, can not reuse with the rinse water of crossing, rub clean earth with hand, be washed till radix pseudostellariae piece root and be till the yellow-white, carry out drying after draining the water;
Drying is rubbed: bright radix pseudostellariae piece root is layered on carries out sunlight exposure on the bast mat, when solarization to 7～8 one-tenth is done, gathering is contained in the basket or on the bast mat and rubs, the fibrous root stranding is gone, shone to radix pseudostellariae moisture 10%～13% o'clock by last method again, winnow with a dustpan with fan or wooden wind and to carry out selection by winnowing, will join palpus, dust, thin grass and blow off to be checked;
Sampling observation: the radix pseudostellariae piece root of drying is tested qualified packing; Defectively then focus on.
The normalized planting method of described radix pseudostellariae also can comprise following radix pseudostellariae disease control step:
1. radix pseudostellariae virus disease control method: select anosis plant to reserve seed for planting, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, control timely and effectively passes the virulent aphis worm, simultaneously, notes the field cultivation management, and the juice friction of avoiding people and animals, instrument contact to be caused infects; Shou Huo seed was sowed through 0 ℃～4 ℃ low temperature treatment in 50 days then, can cultivate not viruliferous seedling; Utilize the combined with heat treatment shoot apical meristem to cultivate detoxification, produce nontoxic seedling; Conscientiously choosing ground, efficent rotation are carried out soil, seed ginseng sterilization during plantation; Chemical control, generally at the beginning of mid-March to 4 month, carry out, can select for use 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) aqua 100ml to convert water 60kg spraying by mu, or mu converts water 50kg spraying with 20% virus of A wetting powder 100g, or mu must restrain aqueous emulsion 100ml with 3.85% virus and converts water 50kg and spray;
2. leaf spot is prevented and treated method: after excavating, in time remove the residual leaf of field diseased plant, concentrate and burn, and soil deeptillage, be exposed to the sun, to eliminate the pathogen that retains in the soil; Efficent rotation, unsuitable continuous cropping, crop rotation was carried out in general continuous cropping in 2～3 years; Enhance field management draining in time; Chemical control is mainly carried out in May, and their early stage is sprayed with 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture, mu dispenser liquid 40kg～50kg.Fall ill when serious, can convert water 50kg spraying with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 60g by mu, or mu is converted water 50kg with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 50g and sprayed;
3. root rot is prevented and treated method: the preceding seed ginseng of plantation is invaded kind of a 30min with 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim and is carried out disinfection, and notes vegetative period in time dredging ditch water discharge behind the rain; Choosing ground soil, excessively sticking heavy, radix pseudostellariae should not be planted in the plot of impeded drainage, answers that gather water is good, loosing soil, fertile plot plantation radix pseudostellariae.During basal dressing, must fully become thoroughly decomposed; Chemical control, carry out in 4～May, period of disease mu is converted water 50kg with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 50g and is irrigated the diseased plant root, or mu converts water 50kg with 75% tpn wetting powder 50g and irrigate the diseased plant root, or every mu of usefulness 50% carbendazol wettable powder 60g converts water and waters the diseased plant root.
The normalized planting method of described radix pseudostellariae also can comprise following radix pseudostellariae pest control step:
1. black cutworm prevents and treats method: adopt light or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult in the adult Sheng phase; During it drought,, should in time irrigate, alleviate larva and cause harm if soil moisture is low excessively; In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, manually catch larva; Chemical control is caused harm when serious, convert around water 100kg～150kg pouring plant and native face with 90% crystal chlorophos 100g or 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 100ml, or mu is mixed with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 250ml
2. control of aphids method: protection utilizes natural enemy, and main natural enemy has coccinella septempunctata, careless mountain range etc.; Enhance field management, during soil drought, should in time irrigate, to create the environmental condition of unfavorable growth, minimizing is caused harm; Chemical control selects for use 50% aphid mist WP2500 doubly or with 1% Imidacloprid WP2000 times of liquid to spray.
The normalized planting method of radix pseudostellariae of the present invention, compared with prior art, can guarantee to meet the requirement of State Food and Drug Administration's " traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation " (trying), under normal time situation, radix pseudostellariae medicinal material per mu yield can reach (dried food and nuts) 75kg～120kg, the radix pseudostellariae quality safety, effectively, high-quality, stable, controlled, establishing in large scale can standardize, the plantation small investment, high efficiency, input-output analysis from radix pseudostellariae plant husbandry, every mu of net earnings of radix pseudostellariae plantation generally is more than the twice of grain plantation, radix pseudostellariae plantation investment is little, cycle is short, high efficiency has become the strategic industry in the strong county, leading industry He Qiang city of peasant programme; Simultaneously, development radix pseudostellariae industry improves peasant's quality and the culture of prosperity rural society and has very important facilitation optimizing and revising the structure of agricultural production; The radix pseudostellariae industry has characteristics such as industry chain (supply chain) is long, added value is high, growth is good, market prospects are wide, accelerate the radix pseudostellariae industry development, it is cultivated into the pillar industry of local economy, to growth regional economy strength, realize that the great-leap-forward development of regional economy has irreplaceable impetus; Radix pseudostellariae has economic plants and the double characteristic of ecological vegetable concurrently, and in addition, radix pseudostellariae plantation and processing have strict demand again to limiting various chemical contaminations, are good environment amity industries.Greatly develop the radix pseudostellariae industry in the mountain area and not only can create considerable economic results in society, can also bring good ecological environment benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Compoiste fertilizer raw material of the present invention is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8.
(1) germplasm and propagating materials
1. germplasm: the species radix pseudostellariae is Caryophyllaceae caryophyllaceous ginseng Pseudostellaria heterophlla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.; Germplasm origin is in Zherong County, Fujian cultivated species;
2. propagating materials: the propagating materials of radix pseudostellariae is mainly underground part piece root, and promptly adopting vegetative propagation is main (the piece root of following work kind usefulness abbreviates seed ginseng as).
Radix pseudostellariae seed ginseng quality requirement: the radix pseudostellariae seed ginseng is a Three Estate, serves as according to carrying out classification with cleanliness, diameter, band bud rate, damage ratio, 100-grain weight; One-level, seed ginseng diameter 〉=4.0mm, cleanliness 〉=85%, band bud rate 〉=85%, damage ratio≤10%, 100-grain weight 〉=45g; Secondary, seed ginseng diameter 3.0～4.0mm, cleanliness 80%～85%, band bud rate 75%～85%, damage ratio 10%～15%, 100-grain weight 35g～45g; Three grades, seed ginseng diameter 2.0～3.0mm, cleanliness 75%～85%, band bud rate 70%～75%, damage ratio 15%～20%, 100-grain weight 30g～35g;
Reserve seed for planting: at the beginning of 6 months, seed-plot is made in the plot of grow in the selection ginseng ground neat and consistent, stalwartness, the harm of no damage by disease and insect.There are indivedual seedlings of damage by disease and insect to extract in the seed-plot.
Preserve: an original place preservations of reserving seed for planting: open cave interplanting spring soybean by spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 40cm the vigorous period of plant strain growth of ginseng ground before and after the Beginning of summer of reserving seed for planting,, it is excavated, can plant in front and back in the Frost's Descent; Two sand are hidden the preservation of seed ginseng: excavate at the radix pseudostellariae piece root that will join in the ground August, choose sturdy seed ginseng, the piece root of diameter＞2.0mm is made kind of a usefulness, preserves with wet river sand; Select shady and cool, clean, cleaning, pollution-free, be difficult for being made the piece root and hide and deposit ground by the environmental condition that people, fowl poultry are destroyed; By sand and seed ginseng is to preserve at 3: 1, i.e. the thick river sand of the bottom shop about 5cm of one deck is caught seed ginseng equably and is sprinkling upon on the sand of river, and sand thick about 5cm in lid layer river can spread 4～5 layers by that analogy and get final product; Inspection in general 1 month gets final product for 1～2 time, takes out seed ginseng and can plant before and after the Frost's Descent.
(2) cultivation
1. select ground
Base, Shibing height above sea level 800m～1000m, the gradient＜15 ° in the time of＞15 °, are made the ladder band into.Existing irrigation conditions has drainage condition again, apart from A-road 3km, does not have congener of the same race on every side.
The base be positioned at 108 ° 04 '～108 ° 23 in east footpath ', 26 ° 25 '～27 ° 02 in latitude ' between.The temperature warm and moist, 12 ℃～15.7 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, 5000 ℃～5600 ℃ of year effective accumulated temperature, the summer does not have heat, and the winter does not have severe cold, 250～280 days/year frost-free seasons.Rainfall is plentiful, average annual rainfall 1200mm～1500mm, and annual sunshine duration 958～1195h, a year solar radiation total amount is 84.44 card/cm
2
The soil parent material in base mainly is limestone, metamorphic rock, ploughs to be mainly yellow earth, yellowish-brown loam.Soil pH 6～7, the content of organic matter 3.5%～6.72%, total nitrogen content 2.5g/kg～6.57g/kg, available phosphorus 4.99mg/kg～10.4mg/kg, available potassium 33.9mg/kg～124.6mg/kg.
2. wholely
Time of site preparation: annual late September carries out putting in order ground the first time, tedding, and during the radix pseudostellariae plantation, carries out once wholely October～November again;
Method of soil preparation: on preceding crop results back or fallow land, adopt and plough or manually turn over and dig, more than the degree of depth 20cm;
3. sterilization
When whole ground for the second time, in conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely, i.e. October in every year～November; Select fine day, forbid to carry out soil disinfection in the rainy day; Be sprayed on the soil table with 800 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilution soil table with 800 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate;
4. basal dressing
The basal dressing time: in conjunction with for the second time wholely, i.e. October～by the end of November;
Basal dressing amount: execute for every mu and macerate ripe ox, the fertile 1500kg～2000kg of pigsty, compoiste fertilizer 100kg;
Fertilizing method: after macerating ripe ox, pigsty fertilizer and compoiste fertilizer and evenly mixing, base manure spread spare on whole good plot, turn over or manually plough under in the ground with plough, deep ploughing is again ploughed or the oxharrow rake is thin, rake is spared with artificial;
5. open the railway carriage or compartment
The wide 1.3m in railway carriage or compartment, the high 25cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm are made in whole good ground, hold the drain ditch all around successfully.Railway carriage or compartment length is decided because of landform, but the longlyest can not surpass 15m, and the railway carriage or compartment face does to be hunchbacked shape; Deep ploughing is ploughed, and meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, up to soil broken fully thin till, require that rake is dark, rake is thin, rake is saturating, level land and sort out weeds.
6. plantation
Implantation time: October is to late November;
Planting patterns: adopt drilling to plant; Dig the ditch of wide 8cm, dark 8cm, the ditch distance is 15cm; Select healthy and strong, the bud head is full, not damaged, no damage by disease and insect are caused harm, the good seed ginseng of thick＞2.0mm with 500 times of liquid immersions of 50% carbendazim 30min, drains seed ginseng plantation the previous day, cleans residual liquor with clear water then, dries surface water slightly and waits to plant; Seed ginseng is put into the ditch of holding successfully, and bud is head-up tiltedly put into ditch when putting, and upright position when putting seed ginseng, is put into the ditch that digs by spacing in the rows 6cm, and mu is with planting a parameter 30kg～35kg; To be placed with the ditch of seed ginseng, cover seed ginseng with the fine earth in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment, thickness of earth-fill cover is 6cm～8cm, i.e. the dark 6cm～8cm of earthing above the bud head.Railway carriage or compartment face behind the earthing is hunchbacked shape, with hoe compacting railway carriage or compartment face soil gently.
(3) field management
1. intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of seedling, carry out the shallow surface cultivation weeding first time at the beginning of promptly annual 3 months,, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the ginseng field not have weeds to seedling Feng Hanghou;
The intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, available spud turns over to dig gently sorts out weeds, and later weeding can only be with manually pulling out.In the radix pseudostellariae planting base, forbid to adopt chemical weed control practices or produce the chemical herbicide that bans use of;
Weeds are handled: the weeds of at every turn extracting, and need to concentrate and stack, be used to dry burn and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, forbid arbitrarily to be stacked in railway carriage or compartment face or the ditch.
2. topdress
Dressing time and number of times: radix pseudostellariae topdresses generally at early March to late March, once topdresses in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, is called short seed manure, in 4 months, carry out topdressing the second time in last ten-days period, be called fertilizers for potted flowers;
Method of application: topdress for the first time and carry out,, loosen the soil gently with spud along in the ranks equably fertilizer being spread in the row of radix pseudostellariae in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, in fertilizer lid buried, note fertilizer not being sprinkling upon blade soil, in order to avoid the blade of burning, be chosen in and be advisable after morning, dew was done, forbid the rainy day fertilising; Topdress for the second time, adopt foliage-spray, sprayed once in 7～10 days, get final product for general 2～3 times, spray 9:00～11:00 in the morning, afternoon, 16:00～18:30 carried out, and forbade high temperature service;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress compoiste fertilizer 25kg/ mu～30kg/ mu, urea 2.5kg/ mu for the first time; Topdress for the second time,, be made into 0.5% solution and carry out foliage-spray,, spray 2～3 times and get final product every 7～10 days 1 time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu;
3. ridging
Topdressing for the first time finishes, and shovel fine earth from empty ditch is trained in railway carriage or compartment face (promptly in the ranks) with spades or shovel hoe, notes not damaging stem, the leaf of seedling; Ridging thickness is 1cm～1.5cm;
4. irrigate and draining
Irrigate: the irrigation water that is used for radix pseudostellariae must reach GB5084～85 " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " secondary standard, and annual the detection once, plants the back if the arid of chance can be watered 1～2 time; In radix pseudostellariae whole growth growth course, should in time check according to the rainfall situation, when slight the wilting appears in the radix pseudostellariae blade, then irrigate; Irrigation frequency should reach the decision of rainfall situation as required, and summer, arid can be sure not to carry out under sunlight is exposed to the sun at the morning and evening irrigation water; Radix pseudostellariae is irrigated and is all adopted artificial method of spraying, and each pouring irrigates below ground 10cm～15cm plow layer to be advisable;
Draining: when plantation, increase zanjon around the land for growing field crops, be beneficial to timely draining; Checked 1～2 time that finding had long-pending soil in the ditch, should get rid of long-pending soil immediately, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape in every month; After the heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded with the railway carriage or compartment ditch around checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge.Simultaneously, check that whether the railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if then earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape.
(4) gather
Collecting time: determine collecting time in a conventional manner, before and after administration's season, i.e. late July, excavate when the plant major part is withered that the year of gathering is limited to a growth cycle;
The weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate and be advisable, forbid the rainy day to be excavated;
Collecting method: adopt mining method, down dig along face cross section, railway carriage or compartment with four tooth palladiums, dark 20cm～25cm, the radix pseudostellariae piece root that digs out is removed earth and acrial part, notes not digging brokenly the piece root.Pack in the bamboo basket or plastic crate of cleaning, nontoxic, anosis worm, dig disconnected piece root and pack in another bamboo basket or the plastic crate, be transported to the storeroom, dig disconnected piece root and focus on;
The cleaning rural area: with the radix pseudostellariae plot of excavating the residual non-medicinal part of radix pseudostellariae and weeds wait to concentrate and stack, the concentrated planting site that transports out burns, digs pit buried outward or makes base manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed after up to standard.
The normalized planting method of described radix pseudostellariae also can comprise following preliminary working step:
The processing place: the radix pseudostellariae preliminary working is provided with special processing place, must clean and lay mattess; Surrounding environment does not have pollution source, has measures such as sunshade, rainproof, protection against rodents, dustproof, insect protected, anti-fowl poultry;
The sorting of bright radix pseudostellariae piece root: removing is endangered by damage by disease and insect, the radix pseudostellariae piece root of damage and other top and weeds etc.;
The cleaning of bright radix pseudostellariae: the water quality of cleaning radix pseudostellariae must reach drinking water standard, behind the 5～8min that is soaked in water, adopts circulating water to clean, can not reuse with the rinse water of crossing, rub clean earth with hand, be washed till radix pseudostellariae piece root and be till the yellow-white, carry out drying after draining the water;
Drying is rubbed: bright radix pseudostellariae piece root is layered on carries out sunlight exposure on the bast mat, when solarization to 7～8 one-tenth is done, gathering is contained in the basket or on the bast mat and rubs, the fibrous root stranding is gone, shone to radix pseudostellariae moisture 10%～13% o'clock by last method again, winnow with a dustpan with electric fan or wooden wind and to carry out selection by winnowing, will join palpus, dust, thin grass and blow off to be checked;
Sampling observation: the radix pseudostellariae piece root of drying tested, reach company standard, pack; Substandard, then focus on.
The normalized planting method of described radix pseudostellariae also can comprise following radix pseudostellariae disease control step:
1. radix pseudostellariae virus disease
Cause of disease: be a strain system of tobacco mosaic virus [TMV];
Symptom: killed plant leaf presents that the depth is green, the mottled floral leaf shape of yellow green, leaf-shrinkage or curl, and the piece root is few and tiny, and the serious plant atrophy of fall ill is short and small, dead ahead of time or seedling;
Occurrence regularity: radix pseudostellariae piece root in spite of illness, and near the flue-cured tobacco of plantation, foreign bud be that the main primary infection of virus disease is former, virus is main, and friction passes poison by juice.The field promptly begins morbidity March, and disease development in April is caused harm the heaviest rapidly, after May development speed be suppressed or symptom hidden gradually;
Prevent and treat method: select anosis plant to reserve seed for planting, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, control timely and effectively passes the virulent aphis worm, simultaneously, notes the field cultivation management, and the juice friction of avoiding people and animals, instrument contact to be caused infects; Shou Huo seed was sowed through 0 ℃～4 ℃ low temperature treatment in 50 days then, can cultivate not viruliferous seedling; Utilize the combined with heat treatment shoot apical meristem to cultivate detoxification, produce nontoxic seedling; Conscientiously choosing ground, efficent rotation are carried out soil, seed ginseng sterilization during plantation; Chemical control, generally at the beginning of mid-March to 4 month, carry out, can select for use 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) aqua 100ml to convert water 60kg spraying by mu, or mu converts water 50kg spraying with 20% virus of A wetting powder 100g, or mu must restrain aqueous emulsion 100ml with 3.85% virus and converts water 50kg and spray;
2. leaf spot
Cause of disease: [Sepriasp] belongs to Deuteromycotina septoria musiva fungi;
Symptom: taupe scab not of uniform size, different appears in blade, infects lower blade earlier, after gradually to vertical spread, the later stage scab produces particle pore (pycnidium), whole blade is withered when serious;
Occurrence regularity: the germ pycnidium is survived the winter on the invalid body of field, and April in next year, conidium was splashed on the radix pseudostellariae by wind and rain, causes that primary infection begins morbidity.Enter morbidity 5～June and the Sheng phase cause and to cause harm, many at rainwater, extensive management, the bad condition of plant strain growth issues seriously ill;
Prevent and treat method: after excavating, in time remove the residual leaf of field diseased plant, concentrate and burn, and soil deeptillage, be exposed to the sun, to eliminate the pathogen that retains in the soil; Efficent rotation, unsuitable continuous cropping, crop rotation was carried out in general continuous cropping in 2～3 years; Enhance field management draining in time; Chemical control is mainly carried out in May, and their early stage is sprayed with 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture, mu dispenser liquid 40kg～50kg.Fall ill when serious, can convert water 50kg spraying with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 60g by mu, or mu is converted water 50kg with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 50g and sprayed;
3. root rot
Cause of disease: [Fsarium spp] belongs to Deuteromycotina, fusarium fungus;
Symptom: their early stage fibrous root browning rots, and spreads to mother's ginseng gradually.After female ginseng morbidity, the overground part blade is wilted sagging, and last root skin rots the soft corruption of heart portion, the death of overground part complete stool;
Occurrence regularity: germ survives the winter in residual body of diseased plant and soil, invades from mother's ginseng and basal part of stem earlier in 3～April of next year to cause morbidity, and soil is sticking heavy, and impeded drainage is good, and soil insect is many, and the plot morbidity of using the fertilizer that do not become thoroughly decomposed weighs;
Prevent and treat method: seed ginseng carries out disinfection with 500 times of liquid seed soaking of 50% carbendazim 30min before the plantation, notes vegetative period in time dredging ditch water discharge behind the rain; Choosing ground, soil are excessively sticking heavy, and radix pseudostellariae should not be planted in the plot of impeded drainage, answer that gather water is good, loosing soil, fertile plot plantation radix pseudostellariae.During basal dressing, must fully become thoroughly decomposed; Chemical control, carry out in 4～May, period of disease mu is converted water 50kg with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 50g and is irrigated the diseased plant root, or mu converts water 50kg with 75% tpn wetting powder 50g and irrigate the diseased plant root, or every mu of usefulness 50% carbendazol wettable powder 60g converts water and waters the diseased plant root.
The normalized planting method of described radix pseudostellariae also can comprise following radix pseudostellariae pest control step:
1. black cutworm
Classification: belong to Lepidoptera Noctuidae [Agrotis ypsilon]
Harm position: sting food or bite the radix pseudostellariae seedling broken with larva, cause to lack the disconnected row of nest, the kind that the influences radix pseudostellariae number that plants seedlings;
Pests occurrence rule: took place in 1 year 3 generations, survive the winter with larva or pupa, it is the heaviest to cause harm with the high instar larvae of overwinter generation for 3～April in two bases, and be that first brood of larvae is caused harm period 4～May, and this moment, radix pseudostellariae kind plant grew up, and causing harm alleviates;
Prevent and treat method: adopt light or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult in the adult Sheng phase; During it drought,, should in time irrigate, alleviate larva and cause harm if soil moisture is low excessively; In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, manually catch larva; Chemical control is caused harm when serious, convert around water 100kg～150kg pouring plant and native face with 90% crystal chlorophos 100g or 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 100ml, or mu is mixed thin earth 25kg and spread fertilizer over the fields with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 250ml;
2. aphid
Classification: the aphid kind of the radix pseudostellariae of causing harm is more, and wherein dominant species has black peach aphid [Myzuspersicae], belongs to the Homoptera Aphidiadae;
Harm: the main juice of concentrating the tender leaf of sucking radix pseudostellariae, cause leaf-shrinkage to curl growth retardation.Aphid is caused harm to radix pseudostellariae, mainly also is to cause the generation of mosaic disease and popular;
Pests occurrence rule: took place for 20～30 generations in 1 year, temperature, humidity are influence the principal element whether aphid takes place, high temperature, high humidity or too low temperature aphid is bred unfavorable.Black peach aphid laid eggs on peach branch and survived the winter winter, also can survive the winter by aptery viviparous female, hatching in March in next year, time early summer is to cause harm on the breeding period and the crops such as being diffused into radix pseudostellariae that begins to migrate, medium above rainfall has aphid and suppresses and souring, and is arid then help the generation of aphid and cause harm;
Prevent and treat method: protection utilizes natural enemy, and main natural enemy has coccinella septempunctata, careless mountain range etc.; Enhance field management, during soil drought, should in time irrigate, to create the environmental condition of unfavorable growth, minimizing is caused harm; Chemical control selects for use 50% Aphox WP2500 doubly or with 1% Imidacloprid WP2000 times of liquid to spray.
Radix pseudostellariae medicinal material per mu yield is (dried food and nuts) 75kg～120kg.
Embodiment 2
In (2) cultivation, 1. selecting ground and embodiment be different, all the other step unanimities.
1. select ground
Base, Leishan height above sea level 1300m～1500m, the gradient＜15 ° in the time of＞15 °, are made the ladder band into.Existing irrigation conditions has drainage condition again, apart from A-road 1km, does not have congener of the same race on every side.
The base be positioned at 108 ° 04 '～108 ° 23 in east footpath ', 26 ° 25 '～27 ° 02 in latitude ' between.The temperature warm and moist, 12 ℃～15.7 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, 5000 ℃～5600 ℃ of year effective accumulated temperature, the summer does not have heat, and the winter does not have severe cold, 250～280 days/year frost-free seasons.Rainfall is plentiful, average annual rainfall 1200mm～1500mm, and annual sunshine duration 958～1195h, a year solar radiation total amount is 84.44 card/cm
2
The soil parent material in base mainly is limestone, metamorphic rock, ploughs to be mainly yellow earth, yellowish-brown loam.Soil pH 6～7, the content of organic matter 3.5%～6.72%, total nitrogen content 2.5g/kg～6.57g/kg, available phosphorus 4.99mg/kg～10.4mg/kg, available potassium 33.9mg/kg～124.6mg/kg.
Radix pseudostellariae medicinal material per mu yield is (dried food and nuts) 75kg～120kg.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of normalized planting method of radix pseudostellariae may further comprise the steps:
(1) seed ginseng breeds
Reserve seed for planting: at the beginning of 6 months, seed-plot is made in the plot of grow in the selection ginseng ground neat and consistent, stalwartness, the harm of no damage by disease and insect, has the seedling of indivedual sick worms harm to extract in the seed-plot;
Preserve: an original place preservations of reserving seed for planting, the plant strain growth vigorous period of the ginseng of reserving seed for planting ground before and after the Beginning of summer open cave interplanting spring soybean by spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 40cm, in front and back in the Frost's Descent, it is excavated, can plant; Two sand are hidden the preservation of seed ginseng, excavate at the radix pseudostellariae piece root that will join in the ground August, choose sturdy seed ginseng, and the piece root of diameter＞2.0mm is made kind of a usefulness, preserves with wet river sand; Select shady and cool, clean, cleaning, pollution-free, be difficult for being made piece root storage ground by the environmental condition that people, fowl poultry are destroyed; By sand and seed ginseng is to preserve at 3: 1, i.e. the thick river sand of the bottom shop about 5cm of one deck is caught seed ginseng equably and is sprinkling upon on the sand of river, and sand thick about 5cm in lid layer river can spread 4～5 layers by that analogy and get final product; Inspection in general 1 month gets final product for 1～2 time, takes out seed ginseng and can plant before and after the Frost's Descent;
(2) cultivation
1. select ground
Soil condition requires: radix pseudostellariae to soil require with fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid extremely neutral sand loam for well, require the pH value between 6～7.2, plow layer is about 30cm, and soil environment quality must meet " National Environmental quality standard " (GB15618～1995) one-level or secondary standard;
The base air ambient requires: air is pollution-free, meets " atmosphere quality requirement " (GB3095～1996) one-level or secondary standard, and promptly air quality index II is between 0.6～1.0;
Condition of water quality requires: having can be for the water source and the facility of irrigating, water nonpollution, and quality of irrigation water reaches country " farmland irrigating water's quality standard " (GB3095～1985); Secondary or more than the secondary standard;
Other conditional request: 10km produces the industrial and mining enterprises that pollute with interior nothing around the radix pseudostellariae planting site, does not have " three wastes " and pollutes no soot;
2. wholely
Time of site preparation: annual late September carries out putting in order ground the first time, tedding, and during the radix pseudostellariae plantation, carries out once wholely October～November again;
Method of soil preparation: on preceding crop results back or fallow land, adopt and plough or manually turn over and dig, more than the degree of depth 20cm;
3. sterilization
When whole ground for the second time, in conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely, i.e. October in every year～November; Select fine day to carry out soil disinfection; Be sprayed on the soil table with 800 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilution soil table with 800 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate;
4. basal dressing
The basal dressing time: in conjunction with for the second time wholely, i.e. October～by the end of November;
Basal dressing amount: execute for every mu and macerate ripe ox, the fertile 1500kg～2000kg of pigsty, compoiste fertilizer 100kg;
Fertilizing method: after macerating ripe ox, pigsty fertilizer and compoiste fertilizer and evenly mixing, base manure spread spare on whole good plot, turn over or manually plough under in the ground with plough, deep ploughing is again ploughed or the oxharrow rake is thin, rake is spared with artificial;
5. open the railway carriage or compartment
The wide 1.3m in railway carriage or compartment, the high 25cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm are made in whole good ground, hold the drain ditch all around successfully, and railway carriage or compartment length is decided because of landform, but the longest 15m that can not surpass, the railway carriage or compartment face does to be hunchbacked shape; Deep ploughing is ploughed, and meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, up to soil broken fully thin till, require that rake is dark, rake is thin, rake is saturating, level land and sort out weeds;
6. plantation
Implantation time: October is to late November;
Planting patterns: adopt drilling to plant; Dig the ditch of wide 8cm, dark 8cm, the ditch distance is 15cm; Select healthy and strong, the bud head is full, not damaged, no damage by disease and insect are caused harm, the good seed ginseng of thick＞2.0mm with 500 times of liquid immersions of 50% carbendazim 30min, drains seed ginseng plantation the previous day, cleans residual liquor with clear water then, dries surface water slightly and waits to plant; Seed ginseng is put into the ditch of holding successfully, and bud is head-up tiltedly put into ditch when putting, and upright position when putting seed ginseng, is put into the ditch that digs by spacing in the rows 6cm, and mu is with planting a parameter 30kg～35kg; To be placed with the ditch of seed ginseng, cover seed ginseng with the fine earth in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment, thickness of earth-fill cover is 6cm～8cm, i.e. the dark 6cm～8cm of earthing above the bud head, and the railway carriage or compartment face behind the earthing is hunchbacked shape, with hoe compacting railway carriage or compartment face soil gently;
(3) field management
1. intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of seedling, carry out the shallow surface cultivation weeding first time at the beginning of promptly annual 3 months,, stop intertillage, see that later on grass just removes, keep the ginseng field not have weeds to seedling Feng Hanghou;
The intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, available spud turns over to dig gently sorts out weeds, and later weeding can only be with manually pulling out;
Weeds are handled: the weeds of at every turn extracting, and need to concentrate and stack, be used to dry burn and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, forbid arbitrarily to be stacked in railway carriage or compartment face or the ditch;
2. topdress
Dressing time and number of times: radix pseudostellariae topdresses generally at early March to late March, once topdresses in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, in 4 months, carry out topdressing the second time in last ten-days period;
Method of application: topdress for the first time and carry out,, loosen the soil gently with spud along in the ranks equably fertilizer being spread in the row of radix pseudostellariae in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, in fertilizer lid buried, note fertilizer not being sprinkling upon on the blade, in order to avoid the blade of burning, be chosen in morning dew and be advisable after doing; Topdress for the second time, adopt foliage-spray, sprayed once in 7～10 days, get final product for general 2～3 times, the morning and evening sprays;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress compoiste fertilizer 25kg/ mu～30kg/ mu, urea 2.5kg/ mu for the first time; Topdress for the second time,, be made into 0.5% solution and carry out foliage-spray,, spray 2～3 times and get final product every 7～10 days 1 time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu;
3. ridging
Topdressing for the first time finishes, and shovel fine earth from empty ditch is trained in the railway carriage or compartment face with spades or shovel hoe, notes not damaging stem, the leaf of seedling; Ridging thickness is 1cm～1.5cm;
4. irrigate and draining
Irrigate: the irrigation water that is used for radix pseudostellariae must reach GB5084～85 " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " secondary standard, and annual the detection once, plants the back if the arid of chance can be watered 1～2 time; In radix pseudostellariae whole growth growth course, should in time check according to the rainfall situation, when slight the wilting appears in the radix pseudostellariae blade, then irrigate; Irrigation frequency should reach the decision of rainfall situation as required, and summer, arid can be sure not to carry out under sunlight is exposed to the sun at the morning and evening irrigation water; Radix pseudostellariae is irrigated and is all adopted artificial method of spraying, and waters so that below ground 10cm～15cm plow layer is irrigated and is advisable at every turn;
Draining: when plantation, increase zanjon around the land for growing field crops, be beneficial to timely draining; Checked 1～2 time that finding had long-pending soil in the ditch, should get rid of long-pending soil immediately, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape in every month; After the heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded with the railway carriage or compartment ditch around checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge, and simultaneously, checks that whether the railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if then earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape;
(4) gather
Collecting time: determine collecting time in a conventional manner, before and after administration's season, i.e. late July, excavate when the plant major part is withered that the year of gathering is limited to a growth cycle;
The weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate;
Collecting method: adopt mining method, down dig along face cross section, railway carriage or compartment with four tooth palladiums, dark 20cm～25cm, the radix pseudostellariae piece root that digs out is removed earth and acrial part, notes not digging brokenly the piece root, pack in the bamboo basket or plastic crate of cleaning, nontoxic, anosis worm, dig disconnected piece root and pack in another bamboo basket or the plastic crate, be transported to the storeroom, dig disconnected piece root and focus on;
The cleaning rural area: with the radix pseudostellariae plot of excavating the residual non-medicinal part of radix pseudostellariae and weeds wait to concentrate and stack, the concentrated planting site that transports out burns, digs pit buried outward or makes base manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed after up to standard.
2, the normalized planting method of radix pseudostellariae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material of compoiste fertilizer is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8.
3, the normalized planting method of radix pseudostellariae as claimed in claim 1 or 2 comprises following step:
(1) radix pseudostellariae disease control
1. radix pseudostellariae virus disease control method: select anosis plant to reserve seed for planting, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, control timely and effectively passes the virulent aphis worm, simultaneously, notes the field cultivation management, and the juice friction of avoiding people and animals, instrument contact to be caused infects; Shou Huo seed was sowed through 0 ℃～4 ℃ low temperature treatment in 50 days then, can cultivate not viruliferous seedling; Utilize the combined with heat treatment shoot apical meristem to cultivate detoxification, produce nontoxic seedling; Conscientiously choosing ground, efficent rotation are carried out soil, seed ginseng sterilization during plantation; Chemical control, generally at the beginning of mid-March to 4 month, carry out, can select for use 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) aqua 100ml to convert water 60kg spraying by mu, or mu converts water 50kg spraying with 20% virus of A wetting powder 100g, or mu must restrain aqueous emulsion 100ml with 3.85% virus and converts water 50kg and spray;
2. leaf spot is prevented and treated method: after excavating, in time remove the residual leaf of field diseased plant, concentrate and burn, and soil deeptillage, be exposed to the sun, to eliminate the pathogen that retains in the soil; Efficent rotation, unsuitable continuous cropping, crop rotation was carried out in general continuous cropping in 2～3 years; Enhance field management draining in time; Chemical control is mainly carried out in May, and their early stage is sprayed with 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture, mu dispenser liquid 40kg～50kg, fall ill when serious, can convert water 50kg spraying with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 60g by mu, or mu is converted water 50kg with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 50g and sprayed;
3. root rot is prevented and treated method: seed ginseng carries out disinfection with 500 times of liquid seed soaking of 50% carbendazim 30min before the plantation, notes vegetative period in time dredging ditch water discharge behind the rain; Choosing ground, soil are excessively sticking heavy, and radix pseudostellariae should not be planted in the plot of impeded drainage, answer that gather water is good, loosing soil, fertile plot plantation radix pseudostellariae, during basal dressing, must fully become thoroughly decomposed; Chemical control, carry out in 4～May, period of disease mu is converted water 50kg with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 50g and is irrigated the diseased plant root, or mu converts water 50kg with 75% tpn wetting powder 50g and irrigate the diseased plant root, or every mu of usefulness 50% carbendazol wettable powder 60g converts water and waters the diseased plant root;
(2) radix pseudostellariae pest control
1. black cutworm prevents and treats method: adopt light or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult in the adult Sheng phase; During it drought,, should in time irrigate, alleviate larva and cause harm if soil moisture is low excessively; In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, manually catch larva; Chemical control is caused harm when serious, convert around water 100kg～150kg pouring plant and native face with 90% crystal chlorophos 100g or 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 100ml, or mu is mixed thin earth 25kg and spread fertilizer over the fields with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 250ml;
2. control of aphids method: protection utilizes natural enemy, and main natural enemy has coccinella septempunctata, Cao Ling; Enhance field management, during soil drought, should in time irrigate, to create the environmental condition of unfavorable growth, minimizing is caused harm; Chemical control selects for use 50% Aphox WP2500 doubly or with 1% Imidacloprid WP2000 times of liquid to spray.
4,, also comprise following preliminary working step as the normalized planting method of one of claim 1-3 described radix pseudostellariae:
The processing place: the radix pseudostellariae preliminary working is provided with special processing place, must clean and lay mattess; Surrounding environment does not have pollution source, has sunshade, rainproof, protection against rodents, dustproof, insect protected, the measure of anti-fowl poultry;
The sorting of bright radix pseudostellariae piece root: removing is endangered by damage by disease and insect, the radix pseudostellariae piece root of damage and acrial part and weeds;
The cleaning of bright radix pseudostellariae: the water quality of cleaning radix pseudostellariae must reach national drinking water standard, behind the 5～8min that is soaked in water, adopts circulating water to clean, can not reuse with the rinse water of crossing, rub clean earth with hand, be washed till radix pseudostellariae piece root and be till the yellow-white, carry out drying after draining the water;
Drying is rubbed: bright radix pseudostellariae piece root is layered on carries out sunlight exposure on the bast mat, when solarization to 7～8 one-tenth is done, gathering is contained in the basket or on the bast mat and rubs, the fibrous root stranding is gone, shone to radix pseudostellariae moisture 10%～13% o'clock by last method again, winnow with a dustpan with fan or wooden wind and to carry out selection by winnowing, will join palpus, dust, thin grass and blow off to be checked;
Sampling observation: the radix pseudostellariae piece root of drying is tested qualified packing; Defectively then focus on.
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