CN1270596C - Large-scale pyrethrum planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a large-scale pyrethrum planting method. The present invention is characterized in that the method is carried out by reasonable procedures and steps; large-scale pyrethrum production is realized by the processes of pyrethrum seedling cultivation, temporary planting cultivation by nutritious bags, pyrethrum field transplantation, field management, pyrethrum picking, drying, storage, etc. Pyrethrum has strong adaptability, and the pyrethrum can still have high yield after planting without strictly selecting seeds. The present invention is favorable for farmers to master planting techniques, and is simple and easy to learn. The present invention is favorable to the development of pyrethrum planting and the prevention and the elimination of insect pests, and is convenient for uniform management. The method makes pyrethrum planting stably developed.

Description

The method of Dalmatian chrysanthemum large-scale planting

Technical field

The present invention relates to the kind method for planting of plant, specifically the method for Dalmatian chrysanthemum large-scale planting.

Background technology

Pyrethrum composite family herbaceos perennial contains higher active insecticidal components pyrethrin during it is spent.Because of the exclusive architectural characteristic of pyrethrin, make its occurring in nature easily degraded not residual, to the little poison of people and animals, efficient to harmful insect.Because of the specific (special) requirements of its plantation to environment, seldom the area can large-scale planting production in the world.The report that does not also have Dalmatian chrysanthemum large-scale planting method in China.

Summary of the invention

The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Dalmatian chrysanthemum large-scale planting.

The present invention is achieved in that the present invention through groping, test, plant domestication for many years, can scale plant in some areas, Yunnan Province, specifically plants method for planting and is:

1, growing seedlings of Dalmatian chrysanthemum:

1) ground, seedbed is selected: the fertile plot that dried up source is near, subterranean water level is low is selected on ground, seedbed, and the seedbed is 1: 50～80 with the land for growing field crops ratio;

2) cleaning and the sterilization on ground, seedbed: after the preceding crop results, remove things such as stalk, weeds, burn ground, seedbed, elimination and kill pathogens and worm's ovum with things such as wheat root, straws then;

3) about previous week of sowing, put in order carefully, rake in seedbed ground, plough the first furrow as a guideline by 1.60 meters, 1.20 meters in moisture in the soil face, 0.4 meter of furrow width, 0.2 meter of ditch depth, high moisture in the soil is hanged down ditch;

4) every mu fully mixes for 15 kilograms with 1000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, 50 kilograms of general calcium, composite fertilizer and to impose on soil;

5) bask seeds: basked seeds before the sowing 1～2 day, and broke the seed dormancy phase, promote the seed suction, it is neat to emerge, and also can kill germ and pieces of an egg attached to the surface of the seed;

6) seed soaking: use water seed soaking 48 hours;

7) sowing: seed soaked after 48 hours, used the gauze drainage earlier, was exposed to the sun in the sun, to improve the seed temperature, increase oxygen, sowing then, every mu with 1～1.5 kilogram of pyrethrosin kind (refer to do kind), mix soil alive or fine sand (being different from ground, seedbed color), divide and broadcast moisture in the soil, evenly disseminate, after planting seed is covered completely with the thin excrement or the soil of living, cover Song Mao again, water sufficient water;

8) sowing time is the climate and other natural phenomena of a season in Grain in Ear;

9) water: sowing will keep the seedbed moistening around here to emerging about 14 days, if do not rain, water at dusk once every day;

10) insect protected: before and after emerging several days, timely insect protected, insect protected medication Cyano chrysanthemate, is converted water and is sprayed control cauline leaf insect for 50 kilograms every mu of 25ml of dosage; Simultaneously, every mu of usefulness 2.5% chlorophos sheet or 2% phoxim 200 grams are converted 1.5 kilograms in water, mix thoroughly for 24 kilograms with wheat bran, flour etc., in being spread at dusk soil insects such as ground, seedbed, control mole cricket, little mole cricket, wireworm;

11) diseases prevention: every mu with Hymexazol-matulaxyl 40ml or clear 30 grams of hat bacterium, converts water and be used alternatingly for 50 kilograms, can prevent and treat root rot, soft rot, blue or green upright disease such as withered;

12) weeding: convert 50 kilograms in water with prestige despot 50ml for every mu and spray in little careless 3～4 leaf phases, prevent and kill off the standing grain herbaceous weed, broad leaved weed need manually be pulled out;

13) thinning: closely between wanting during thinning stay thinly, stay by force a little less than, pull out diseased plant, reduce the disease ovum:

14) topdress: in time topdress after the thinning and carry seedling, carry seedling with Dalmatian chrysanthemum composite fertilizer special or ammonium nitrate, every mu of 10 kilograms of Dalmatian chrysanthemum composite fertilizer special (or ammonium nitrate 6～8 kilograms) are converted water and are watered for about 150 kilograms and execute, and execute the back and wash seedling with clear water, with unburned seedling;

2, nutritious bag is heeled in and is grown seedlings

1) preparation of nutrition soil: prepare 100 kilograms of nutrition soil, use 10 kilograms of 88 kilograms in comparatively fertile sandy loam or ditch earth and farmyard manures to add 2 kilograms in the special-purpose fertile powder of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, stack retting can pack about 10 days;

2) packed: as on vacant lot, to plough earlier and heel in bed, about 1.3 meters of seedlings of bed, about 0.4 meter of furrow width, about 0.2 meter of ditch depth, high moisture in the soil are hanged down ditch, the moisture in the soil face is smooth: the fixed stake in two during pack, draw a sideline, the nutritious bag placement that hugs the side line, the second row sack is close proximity to first row, per two row draw primary line, sky between each duplicate rows is every about 10cm, and every moisture in the soil is placed 6 duplicate rows, put nutritious bag after, fill up in the ranks with fine earth, prepare to heel in;

3) going up bag heels in: when chrysanthemum seedling length arrived 4-6 sheet leaf with treating the seedbed, thinning in batches afterwards, was in time carried seedling with 0.5% instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and the chrysanthemum seedling is long just can be heeled in to 8-10 centimetre, and when heeling in, sufficient water is watered on the bag limit on the limit;

4) going up bag heels in the time and carries out between the climate and other natural phenomena of a season in Great Heat and Slight Heat;

5) heel in period management: it is strong because of shining upon to heel in the phase, and the temperature height therefore to temporary seedbed, be done the mat shelter seedling-protection, and often water, and guarantees to survive: heel in a back week, need to propose seedling 1-2 time with 0.5% compound rich water, chrysanthemum seedling length just can be transplanted to about 15cm;

3, Dalmatian chrysanthemum field-transplanting

1) land for growing field crops is selected; The Dalmatian chrysanthemum tiller of tillering is strong, and is more responsive to rich water after must rich water abundance, particularly flowering stage, must be chosen to be at dried up source closely and fertile soil as the land for growing field crops;

2) arrangement in transplanting land for growing field crops: after the preceding stubble results, in time turn over plough, remove weeds in field, things such as tobacco rod, dry field, rake is carefully raked, ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by 1.2 meters, 0.8 meter in moisture in the soil face, 0.4 meter of dead furrow, ditch depth is managed moisture in the soil for 0.2 meter;

3) field-transplanting:

A) transplant: mid or late August begins to transplant, and the rainfall is plentiful during this period of time in good time, the ground temperature height, and Dalmatian chrysanthemum early gives birth in order to make, fast sending out lays the foundation;

B) transplanting time is finished during being preferably in the Limit of Heat climate and other natural phenomena of a season;

C) rational close planting standardized cultivation: transplanting must plant " fourth " font, quincunx, so that ventilated, its pattern is divided three kinds: first-class fertility plot, plant seedling 1800 strains, 0.7 meter of big row, 0.5 meter of little row, 0.6 meter of spacing in the rows; Medium fertility plot, seedling plant 2000 strains, and the size row is identical, 0.55 meter of spacing in the rows; Low fertility plot, seedling is planted 2200 strains, and the size row is identical, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows;

D) base fertilizer: N, P, K and little fertile cooperation, every mu with 1000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, 50 kilograms of general calcium, special-purpose fertile 10 kilograms of Dalmatian chrysanthemum;

4, field management

1) intertill and clean tillage: after the chrysanthemum transplantation of seedlings, early stage is many because of rainwater, and easily living weeds need timely weeding, and mediation field irrigation canals and ditches, ensures that rainwater is unimpeded, and prevention waterlogging is kept a full stand of seedings, and notes weeding;

2) topdress: topdress to divide and carry out for four times, for the first time, carry seed manure, after Dalmatian chrysanthemum was transplanted 20 days, 15 kilograms of 10 kilograms of also available ammonium nitrates of 20 kilograms of every mu of carbon ammoniums of consumption or urea were converted about 150 kilograms in water, water to impose and just carry seedling; For the second time, the tiller tillering fertilizer after topdressing 1 month for the first time, is used with nitrogenous fertilizer and first fertilizer, and every mu of consumption is with 10 kilograms of 15 kilograms in urea and potassium sulphates, converts water and waters for about 150 kilograms and execute; For the third time, the fertilizer of forming ears of buddingging, in preceding 5 days of the beginning of spring, every mu with 30 kilograms of Dalmatian chrysanthemum composite fertilizer specials, convert water and water for about 150 kilograms and execute; The 4th time, strong fertilizers for potted flowers, in by the end of February, every mu is watered for 15 kilograms with the Dalmatian chrysanthemum composite fertilizer special and to execute, and after topdressing, waters permeablely, and effect is better;

3) diseases prevention: tiller early and fast Dalmatian chrysanthemum, the leaf look dark green, plant antibody is poor, soft rot easily takes place, and diseases such as root rot should use in time that Hymexazol-matulaxyl, hat bacterium are clear etc. alternately to be prevented and treated, the method of control is every mu and uses Hymexazol-matulaxyl 80ml, or clear 60 grams of hat bacterium convert 200～300 kilograms in water, waters the root diseases prevention;

4) water in good time: the Dalmatian chrysanthemum vigorous period, just arid, dry season, should water in good time, keeping the flowering stage of ground moistening, particularly Dalmatian chrysanthemum is critical period of water need, needs large quantity of moisture, promotes the nutrient running; Flowering stage, minimum need watered once permeable to plucking preceding 10 days;

5, the harvesting of Dalmatian chrysanthemum

1) standard of chrysanthemum harvesting: chrysanthemum lobe (white) just will turn to be yellow, decline, the floral disc intermediate projections, tubular flower (the microscler of growth is to be called tubular flower like the flower pipe sample and the sublink of deinsectization kind in the Dalmatian chrysanthemum floral disc, is yellow) 70% is open, and chrysanthemum is whole yellowish-white clearly demarcated;

2) pluck chrysanthemum: the chrysanthemum ester content in the chrysanthemum is down " V " font in good time, from low to high, again from high to low, just buddingged when blooming, ester content is very low, and reaching 70% with the opening of blossoming, to contain the ester amount during for ripe flower the highest, do not pluck this moment, reduce along with the prolongation at florescence contains the ester amount, pluck chrysanthemum this moment thereupon again, just can make spend in the ester amount the highest; Pluck the climate and other natural phenomena of a season during Clear and Bright next year to the grain rains climate and other natural phenomena of a season;

3) the harvesting method of chrysanthemum: during harvesting, the people walks in ditch, adopts one for ripe one, and middle finger and forefinger are clamped the floral disc of spending top, the end, thumb is pushed down the floral disc top, exerts oneself gently left, and floral disc just falls in the staff, plucks full one, just put in people's large bamboo or wicker basket, like this, pluck again and again;

6, the airing of Dalmatian chrysanthemum

After Dalmatian chrysanthemum was plucked, in the cleaning floor airing, chrysanthemum should be avoided the sunshine direct projection as far as possible simultaneously, or dry under the low temperature in 60 ℃ make its spend in moisture content be lower than 8%;

7, the storage of Dalmatian chrysanthemum

The Dalmatian chrysanthemum stamen or pistil of dryness in the sun is stacked in the warehouse of aeration-drying with the bag packaging of black.

Of the present invention kind of method for planting has following characteristics:

1, can realize the large-scale production of Dalmatian chrysanthemum.

2, compare with the plantation of high yield Dalmatian chrysanthemum, seed do not need to be selected too strict, and applicability is strong, can reach high yield equally after the plantation, and average every per mu yield dry pyrethrum flower over 80 kg reaches as high as 180 kilograms.

3, the fertilizer that uses and be equipped with auxiliary material (as pine tag etc.) and be easy to get.

4, help the peasant and grasp planting technology, there is the experience of plantation flue-cured tobacco in most of area, Yunnan Province, and the plantation Dalmatian chrysanthemum is more easy to learn.

5, help developing the control of Dalmatian chrysanthemum plantation, damage by disease and insect, be convenient to unified management, make Dalmatian chrysanthemum plantation stable development.

6, help the production of Dalmatian chrysanthemum processing producer, the stable production needed raw material that provides.

7, help providing required chrysanthemum seedling of plantation and assurance chrysanthemum seedling quality.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: Dalmatian chrysanthemum kind method for planting of the present invention is undertaken by following program and step:

1, growing seedlings of Dalmatian chrysanthemum:

1) ground, seedbed is selected: the fertile plot that dried up source is near, subterranean water level is low is selected on ground, seedbed, and the seedbed is 1: 65 with the land for growing field crops ratio;

2) cleaning and the sterilization on ground, seedbed: after the preceding crop results, remove things such as stalk, weeds, burn ground, seedbed, elimination and kill pathogens and worm's ovum with things such as wheat root, straws then;

3) about previous week of sowing, put in order carefully, rake in seedbed ground, plough the first furrow as a guideline by 1.60 meters, 1.20 meters in moisture in the soil face, 0.4 meter of furrow width, 0.2 meter of ditch depth, high moisture in the soil is hanged down ditch;

4) every mu fully mixes for 15 kilograms with 1000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, 50 kilograms of general calcium, composite fertilizer and to impose on soil;

5) bask seeds: basked seeds before the sowing 1～2 day, and broke the seed dormancy phase, promote the seed suction, it is neat to emerge, and also can kill germ and pieces of an egg attached to the surface of the seed:

6) seed soaking: use water seed soaking 48 hours;

7) sowing: seed soaked after 48 hours, used the gauze drainage earlier, was exposed to the sun in the sun, to improve the seed temperature, increased oxygen, then sowing; Every mu with 1～1.5 kilogram of pyrethrosin kind, mixes soil alive or fine sand (being different from ground, seedbed color), divides and broadcasts moisture in the soil, evenly disseminates, and after planting with thin excrement or live and native seed is covered completely, covers Song Mao again, waters sufficient water;

8) sowing time is the climate and other natural phenomena of a season in Grain in Ear;

9) water: sowing will keep the seedbed moistening around here to emerging about 14 days, if do not rain, water at dusk once every day;

10) insect protected: emerge before and after several days, want timely insect protected, insect protected medication Cyano chrysanthemate, every mu of 25ml of dosage, convert water and spray for 50 kilograms, control cauline leaf insect: simultaneously, every mu of usefulness 2.5% chlorophos sheet 200 grams are converted 1.5 kilograms in water, mix thoroughly for 24 kilograms with wheat bran, in being spread at dusk soil insects such as ground, seedbed, control mole cricket, little mole cricket, wireworm;

11) diseases prevention: every mu with Hymexazol-matulaxyl 40ml or clear 30 grams of hat bacterium, converts water and be used alternatingly for 50 kilograms, can prevent and treat root rot, soft rot, blue or green upright disease such as withered;

12) weeding: convert 50 kilograms in water with prestige despot 50ml for every mu and spray in little careless 3～4 leaf phases, prevent and kill off the standing grain herbaceous weed, broad leaved weed need manually be pulled out;

13) thinning: closely between wanting during thinning stay thinly, stay by force a little less than, pull out diseased plant, reduce the disease ovum;

14) topdress: in time topdress after the thinning and carry seedling, carry seedling Dalmatian chrysanthemum composite fertilizer special, 10 kilograms every mu Dalmatian chrysanthemum composite fertilizer specials of consumption (or ammonium nitrate) are converted water and are watered for about 150 kilograms and execute, and execute the back and wash seedling with clear water, with unburned seedling;

2, nutritious bag is heeled in and is grown seedlings

1) preparation of nutrition soil; Prepare 100 kilograms of nutrition soil, use 10 kilograms of 88 kilograms in comparatively fertile sandy loam or ditch earth and farmyard manures to add 2 kilograms in the special-purpose fertile powder of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, stack retting can pack about 10 days;

2) packed: plough on vacant lot earlier and heel in bed, about 1.3 meters of seedlings of bed, about 0.4 meter of furrow width, about 0.2 meter of ditch depth, high moisture in the soil are hanged down ditch, the moisture in the soil face is smooth; A sideline is drawn in the fixed stake in two during pack, nutritious bag placements that hug the side line, and the second row sack is close proximity to first row, per two row draw primary line, and the sky between each duplicate rows is every about 10cm, and every moisture in the soil is placed 6 duplicate rows, after having put nutritious bag, fill up in the ranks, prepare to heel in fine earth;

3) going up bag heels in: when treating the chrysanthemum seedling length to 4 on ground, seedbed～6 leaves, thinning in batches afterwards, is in time carried seedling with 0.5% instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and chrysanthemum seedling length to 8～10 centimetres just can be heeled in, and when heeling in, sufficient water is watered on a bag limit on the limit;

4) going up bag heels in the time and carries out between the climate and other natural phenomena of a season in Great Heat and Slight Heat;

5) heel in period management: it is strong because of shining upon to heel in the phase, and the temperature height therefore to temporary seedbed, be done the mat shelter seedling-protection, and often water, and guarantees to survive; Heel in a back week, need to carry seedling 1～2 time with 0.5% compound rich water, chrysanthemum seedling length just can be transplanted to about 15cm;

3, Dalmatian chrysanthemum field-transplanting

1) land for growing field crops is selected: the Dalmatian chrysanthemum tiller of tillering is strong, and is more responsive to rich water after must rich water abundance, particularly flowering stage, must be chosen to be at dried up source closely and fertile soil as the land for growing field crops:

2) arrangement in transplanting land for growing field crops: after the preceding stubble results, in time turn over plough, remove weeds in field, things such as tobacco rod, dry field, rake is carefully raked, ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by 1.2 meters, 0.8 meter in moisture in the soil face, 0.4 meter of dead furrow, ditch depth is managed moisture in the soil for 0.2 meter:

3) field-transplanting:

A) transplant: mid or late August begins to transplant, and the rainfall is plentiful during this period of time in good time, the ground temperature height, and Dalmatian chrysanthemum early gives birth in order to make, fast sending out lays the foundation:

B) transplanting time is finished during being preferably in the Limit of Heat climate and other natural phenomena of a season;

C) rational close planting standardized cultivation: transplanting must plant " fourth " font, quincunx, so that ventilated, its pattern is divided three kinds: first-class fertility plot, plant seedling 1800 strains, 0.7 meter of big row, 0.5 meter of little row, 0.6 meter of spacing in the rows; Medium fertility plot, seedling plant 2000 strains, and the size row is identical, 0.55 meter of spacing in the rows; Low fertility plot, seedling is planted 2200 strains, and the size row is identical, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows;

D) base fertilizer: N, P, K and little fertile cooperation, every mu with 1000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, 50 kilograms of general calcium, special-purpose fertile 10 kilograms of Dalmatian chrysanthemum;

4, field management

1) intertill and clean tillage: after the chrysanthemum transplantation of seedlings, early stage is many because of rainwater, and easily living weeds need timely weeding, and mediation field irrigation canals and ditches, ensures that rainwater is unimpeded, and prevention waterlogging is kept a full stand of seedings, and notes weeding;

2) topdress: topdress to divide and carry out for four times, for the first time, carry seed manure, after Dalmatian chrysanthemum was transplanted 20 days, 15 kilograms of 10 kilograms of also available ammonium nitrates of 20 kilograms of every mu of carbon ammoniums of consumption or urea were converted about 150 kilograms in water, water to impose and just carry seedling; For the second time, the tiller tillering fertilizer after topdressing 1 month for the first time, is used with nitrogenous fertilizer and first fertilizer, and every mu of consumption is with 10 kilograms of 15 kilograms in urea and potassium sulphates, converts water and waters for about 150 kilograms and execute; For the third time, the fertilizer of forming ears of buddingging, in preceding 5 days of the beginning of spring, every mu with 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers, convert water and water for about 150 kilograms and execute: the 4th time, strong fertilizers for potted flowers, in by the end of February, every mu is watered for 15 kilograms with composite fertilizer and to execute, and after topdressing, waters permeablely, and effect is better;

3) diseases prevention: tiller early and fast Dalmatian chrysanthemum, the leaf look dark green, plant antibody is poor, soft rot easily takes place, and diseases such as root rot should use in time that Hymexazol-matulaxyl, hat bacterium are clear etc. alternately to be prevented and treated, the method of control is every mu and uses Hymexazol-matulaxyl 80ml, or clear 60 grams of hat bacterium convert 200～300 kilograms in water, waters the root diseases prevention;

4) water in good time: the Dalmatian chrysanthemum vigorous period, just arid, dry season, should water in good time, keeping the flowering stage of ground moistening, particularly Dalmatian chrysanthemum is critical period of water need, needs large quantity of moisture, promotes the nutrient running; Flowering stage, minimum need watered once permeable to plucking preceding 10 days;

5, the harvesting of Dalmatian chrysanthemum

1) standard of chrysanthemum harvesting: chrysanthemum lobe (white) just will turn to be yellow, decline, the floral disc intermediate projections, tubular flower (the microscler of growth is to be called tubular flower like the flower pipe sample and the sublink of deinsectization kind in the Dalmatian chrysanthemum floral disc, is yellow) 70% is open, and chrysanthemum is whole yellowish-white clearly demarcated;

2) pluck chrysanthemum: the chrysanthemum ester content in the chrysanthemum is down " V " font in good time, from low to high, again from high to low, just buddingged when blooming, ester content is very low, and reaching 70% with the opening of blossoming, to contain the ester amount during for ripe flower the highest, do not pluck this moment, reduce along with the prolongation at florescence contains the ester amount, pluck chrysanthemum this moment thereupon again, just can make spend in the ester amount the highest: pluck the climate and other natural phenomena of a season during Clear and Bright next year to the grain rains climate and other natural phenomena of a season;

3) the harvesting method of chrysanthemum: during harvesting, the people walks in ditch, adopts one for ripe one, and middle finger and forefinger are clamped the floral disc of spending top, the end, thumb is pushed down the floral disc top, exerts oneself gently left, and floral disc just falls in the staff, plucks full one, just put in people's large bamboo or wicker basket, like this, pluck again and again;

6, the airing of Dalmatian chrysanthemum

After Dalmatian chrysanthemum is plucked, can be in headland airing while plucking, during airing, ground must be cleaned or shine with pads such as straw mats should not have mud in spending, no sandy soil, ground is unclean, the chrysanthemum that dries, color and luster are not good, influence rank, the pyrethrum flowers of freshly harvested or the pyrethrum flowers that was drenched by rainwater, can not pile and seal, heap is sealed easy heating, accelerates its respiration, the plain volatilization of chrysanthemum is very fast in spending, loss is big, influences the quality of chrysanthemum, and chrysanthemum should be avoided the sunshine direct projection as far as possible simultaneously, chrysanthemum is plain decomposes because the sunshine middle-ultraviolet lamp can make, if chance is rained, chrysanthemum should be placed on spaciousness when gathering, ventilate within doors the airing on mat of making thinner, and diligent reaction, in order to avoid moldy metamorphism, treat when day fine, dry under airing in time or the low temperature in 60 ℃ make its spend in moisture content be lower than 8%;

7, the storage of Dalmatian chrysanthemum

The Dalmatian chrysanthemum stamen or pistil of dryness in the sun is stacked in the warehouse of aeration-drying with the bag packaging of black.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of method of Dalmatian chrysanthemum large-scale planting is characterized in that being undertaken by following program and step:

1. growing seedlings of Dalmatian chrysanthemum:

1) ground, seedbed is selected: the fertile plot that dried up source is near, subterranean water level is low is selected on ground, seedbed, and the seedbed is 1: 50～80 with the land for growing field crops ratio;

2) cleaning and the sterilization on ground, seedbed: after the preceding crop results, remove things such as stalk, weeds, burn ground, seedbed, elimination and kill pathogens and worm's ovum with things such as wheat root, straws then;

3) before the sowing seedbed ground put in order carefully, raked, plough the first furrow as a guideline by 1.60 meters, 1.20 meters in moisture in the soil face, 0.4 meter of furrow width, 0.2 meter of ditch depth, high moisture in the soil is hanged down ditch:

4) every mu fully mixes for 15 kilograms with 1000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, 50 kilograms of general calcium, composite fertilizer and to impose on soil;

5) bask seeds: basked seeds before the sowing 1～2 day;

6) seed soaking: use water seed soaking 48 hours;

7) sowing: seed soaked after 48 hours, used the gauze drainage earlier, was exposed to the sun in the sun; Every mu with 1～1.5 kilogram of pyrethrosin kind, mixes soil alive or fine sand, divides and broadcast moisture in the soil, evenly disseminates, and after planting with thin excrement or live and native seed is covered completely, covers Song Mao again, waters sufficient water;

8) sowing time is the climate and other natural phenomena of a season in Grain in Ear;

9) water: sowing will keep the seedbed moistening around here to emerging about 14 days;

10) insect protected: several days medication Cyano chrysanthemates before and after emerging, every mu of 25ml of dosage, convert water and spray for 50 kilograms, control cauline leaf insect; Simultaneously, every mu of usefulness 2.5% chlorophos sheet or 2% phoxim 200 grams are converted 1.5 kilograms in water, mix thoroughly for 4 kilograms with the wheat thatch, in being spread at dusk ground, seedbed;

11) diseases prevention: every mu with Hymexazol-matulaxyl 40ml or the hat bacterium clear 30 the gram, convert water and be used alternatingly for 50 kilograms;

12) weeding: convert 50 kilograms in water with prestige despot 50ml for every mu and spray in little careless 3～4 leaf phases, prevent and kill off the standing grain herbaceous weed, broad leaved weed need manually be pulled out;

13) thinning: closely between wanting during thinning stay thinly, stay by force a little less than, pull out diseased plant;

14) topdress: in time topdress after the thinning and carry seedling, carry seedling with fertile Dalmatian chrysanthemum composite fertilizer special or ammonium nitrate, 6～8 kilograms of every mu of 10 kilograms of Dalmatian chrysanthemum composite fertilizer specials of consumption or ammonium nitrates are converted water and are watered for about 150 kilograms and execute, and execute the back and wash seedling with clear water, with unburned seedling;

2, nutritious bag is heeled in and is grown seedlings

1) preparation of nutrition soil: prepare 100 kilograms of nutrition soil, use 10 kilograms of 88 kilograms in comparatively fertile sandy loam or ditch earth and farmyard manures to add 2 kilograms in the special-purpose fertile powder of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, stack retting can pack about 10 days;

2) packed: plough on vacant lot earlier and heel in bed, about 1.3 meters of seedlings of bed, about 0.4 meter of furrow width, about 0.2 meter of ditch depth, high moisture in the soil are hanged down ditch, the moisture in the soil face is smooth; A sideline is drawn in the fixed stake in two during pack, nutritious bag placements that hug the side line, and the second row sack is close proximity to first row, per two row draw primary line, and the sky between each duplicate rows is every about 10cm, and every moisture in the soil is placed 6 duplicate rows, after having put nutritious bag, fill up in the ranks, prepare to heel in fine earth;

3) going up bag heels in: when treating the chrysanthemum seedling length to 4 on ground, seedbed～6 leaves, thinning in batches afterwards, is in time carried seedling with 0.5% instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and chrysanthemum seedling length to 8～10 centimetres just can be heeled in, and when heeling in, sufficient water is watered on a bag limit on the limit;

4) go up that bag is heeled in Great Heat time and carry out between the climate and other natural phenomena of a season Slight Heat;

5) heel in period management: the phase of heeling in is done the mat shelter seedling-protection to temporary seedbed, and often waters, and guarantees to survive; Heel in a back week, need to carry seedling 1～2 time with 0.5% compound rich water, chrysanthemum seedling length just can be transplanted to about 15cm;

3, Dalmatian chrysanthemum field-transplanting

1) land for growing field crops is selected: must be chosen to be at the near and fertile soil in dried up source as the land for growing field crops;

2) arrangement in transplanting land for growing field crops: after the preceding stubble results, in time turn over plough, remove weeds in field, things such as tobacco rod, dry field, rake is carefully raked, ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by 1.2 meters, 0.8 meter in moisture in the soil face, 0.4 meter of dead furrow, ditch depth is managed moisture in the soil for 0.2 meter;

3) field-transplanting:

A) transplant: mid or late August begins to transplant in good time;

B) transplanting time is finished during the Limit of Heat climate and other natural phenomena of a season;

C) rational close planting standardized cultivation: transplanting must plant " fourth " font, quincunx, and its pattern is divided three kinds: first-class fertility plot, plant seedling 1800 strains, 0.7 meter of big row, 0.5 meter of little row, 0.6 meter of spacing in the rows; Medium fertility plot, seedling plant 2000 strains, and the size row is identical, 0.55 meter of spacing in the rows; Low fertility plot, seedling is planted 2200 strains, and the size row is identical, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows;

D) base fertilizer: N, P, K and little fertile cooperation, every mu with 1000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, 50 kilograms of general calcium, and special-purpose fertile 10 kilograms of Dalmatian chrysanthemum:

4, field management

1) intertill and clean tillage: need timely weeding after the chrysanthemum transplantation of seedlings, and mediation field irrigation canals and ditches, ensureing that rainwater is unimpeded, prevention waterlogging is kept a full stand of seedings;

2) topdress: the branch that topdresses carries out for four times, for the first time, carries seed manure, and after Dalmatian chrysanthemum was transplanted 20 days, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, 15 kilograms of 10 kilograms of also available ammonium nitrates of 20 kilograms of every mu of carbon ammoniums of consumption or urea were converted water and watered to impose for about 150 kilograms and just carry seedling; For the second time, the tiller tillering fertilizer, after topdressing 1 month for the first time, every mu with 10 kilograms of 15 kilograms in urea and potassium sulphates, convert water and water for about 150 kilograms and execute; For the third time, the fertilizer of forming ears of buddingging, in preceding 5 days of the beginning of spring, every mu with 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers, convert water and water for about 150 kilograms and execute; The 4th time, strong fertilizers for potted flowers, in by the end of February, every mu is watered for 15 kilograms with the Dalmatian chrysanthemum composite fertilizer special and to execute, and after topdressing, waters permeablely, and effect is better;

3) diseases prevention: early and fast Dalmatian chrysanthemum is converted 200～300 kilograms in water with Hymexazol-matulaxyl 80ml or clear 60 grams of hat bacterium for every mu and waters the root diseases prevention to tiller;

4) water: the Dalmatian chrysanthemum vigorous period should water in good time in good time, and keeping the flowering stage of ground moistening, particularly Dalmatian chrysanthemum is critical period of water need, needs large quantity of moisture, and flowering stage, minimum need watered once permeable to plucking preceding 10 days;

5, the harvesting of Dalmatian chrysanthemum

1) standard of chrysanthemum harvesting: white chrysanthemum lobe just will turn to be yellow, decline, the floral disc intermediate projections, and tubular flower 70% is open, and chrysanthemum is whole yellowish-white clearly demarcated;

2) pluck chrysanthemum: to contain the ester amount during for ripe flower the highest along with the opening of chrysanthemum reaches 70%, plucks chrysanthemum this moment in good time, plucks the climate and other natural phenomena of a season during Clear and Bright next year to the grain rains climate and other natural phenomena of a season;

6, the airing of Dalmatian chrysanthemum

After Dalmatian chrysanthemum was plucked, in the cleaning floor airing, chrysanthemum should be avoided the sunshine direct projection as far as possible simultaneously, or dry under the low temperature in 60 ℃ make its spend in moisture content be lower than 8%;

7, the storage of Dalmatian chrysanthemum

The Dalmatian chrysanthemum stamen or pistil of dryness in the sun is stacked in the warehouse of aeration-drying with the bag packaging of black.