CN1507774A - Harm-free wild-imitaing red-rooted salvia root chinese medicinal material production technology - Google Patents
Harm-free wild-imitaing red-rooted salvia root chinese medicinal material production technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN1507774A CN1507774A CNA021564612A CN02156461A CN1507774A CN 1507774 A CN1507774 A CN 1507774A CN A021564612 A CNA021564612 A CN A021564612A CN 02156461 A CN02156461 A CN 02156461A CN 1507774 A CN1507774 A CN 1507774A
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Abstract
The present invention a nuisance-free imitation wild salvia production technique. (A) adopting rhizome propagation, using said to cultivate seedling or aerial stem cutting to make breeding; (B). culturing and preparing propagating nursery similar to the ecological environment of wild salvia growth and making transplantation, (C) field management; and (D) collecting imitation wild salvia product.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to nuisanceless imitative wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae traditional Chinese medicine production technology.
Invention field
The red sage root has another name called red ginseng, mountain ginseng, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, blood ginseng root etc., belongs to lip section shape herbaceos perennial, and medicinal part is its root.According to medical book record, has the function of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, nourishing blood and tranquilization, the relieving restlessness that clears away heart-fire.Modern medicine proves, containing multiple components such as Tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, Tanshinone II B, Cryptotanshinone, isotanshinone I, isotanshinone II, different Cryptotanshinone, miltionone, danshensu, protocatechualdehyde and vitamin E in the red sage root, is the best medicine of diseases such as treatment coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, miocardial infarction, thrombus obturation, vasculitis and gynaecology.The Fangcheng County, Henan is ancient to claim abundant state, and the red sage root that originates in mahjong i.e. " the abundant red sage root ", because of its medicinal great reputation evident in efficacy in generation, become a kind of genunie medicinal materials.The Fangcheng County is located in north subtropical and southern warm temperate zone, the Yangtze river basin and Basin of Huaihe River, and Tongbai mountain range and Funiu Shan Mountain arteries and veins are on the line of demarcation of the Yellow River and Huai He River sea plain and Nanyang Basin.Special geography, orographic condition have formed mahjong particular climate, soil, water source and biocoenosis, and this Special geography, orographic condition and particular climate, soil, water condition are strengthened the medicinal function that is grown in the red sage root here greatly.Nanyang medicine inspecting institute, the chemical examination of ginseng and pilose antler product quality inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture: the tanshinone content of the red sage root is 0.68%, and the chemical examination of sky, Tianjin scholar's power medicine company group: the content of Danshensu of the red sage root is 2.6%, occupies first of all parts of the country.
Along with the pollution with environment of increasing of the development of society, population, people adopt mashed digging to wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is mad, and wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae closes in imminent danger.Output and quality do not satisfy the needs in market far away.Therefore, for nuisanceless imitative wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, the production technology of the abundant red sage root of especially wild genunie medicinal materials exists urgent demand.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide nuisanceless imitative wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, the production technology of the especially nuisanceless imitative abundant red sage root of wild genuine traditional Chinese medicine material, this technology may further comprise the steps:
(A) adopt rhizome breeding, seed seedling-raising or terrestrial stem cottage propagation to grow seedlings;
(B) transplant the region of cultivating the ecotope of approximate wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae;
(C) field management;
(D) the imitative wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae product of gathering.
Wherein the region of the ecotope of approximate wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae generally includes following condition: vegetation coverage is generally more than 30%, preferred more than 40%, more preferably more than 60%, inaccessiblely answer manual reversion, vegetation for example can comprise arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant, and the height of tree of arbor preferably is no more than 4-5 rice; Annual precipitation is more than 500 millimeters, and is preferred more than 800 millimeters, and average temperature of the whole year is more than 10 ℃, and is preferred more than 14 ℃; There is not suitability for industrialized production to pollute in the zone.Optional requirement beyond 5 kilometers on railway, the above highway of state highway, beyond 1 kilometer apart from local-style dwelling houses residence, natural village or the region that has the natural cover for defense to block.
According to an embodiment preferred, wherein seed seedling-raising utilizes the wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seed garden of fostering to obtain improved seeds in the step (A).Industrial pollution, traffic pollution, municipal pollution zone should be avoided in the garden of fostering, and to fostering atmosphere, soil, the strict angles of science monitoring of water quality process in the territory, garden, make air meet the atmosphere quality primary standard.In fostering the garden, pull out plant equal with the red sage root, that belong to,, improve the good property of the red sage root in order to avoid hybridization mixes.
According to another embodiment preferred, step (B) also comprises carries out the harmful substance degraded to described region.
According to another embodiment preferred, step (B) is used nuisanceless organic fertilizer or bio-fertilizer before also being included in and transplanting.
According to another embodiment preferred, step (A) comprises covering with plastic film after using red sage root rhizome to make kind of a root directly after planting carries out plastic mulching or use planting seed.
According to another embodiment preferred, step (B) comprises wherein transplants in covering with plastic film.
According to going back a preferable methods, further adopt cultural control, plant pesticide and antibiotic control and physico mechanical control method to come pest control.
The specific embodiment of the present invention
It should be understood that following description only for exemplary, they do not limit the scope of the invention.
One, sets up wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and foster the garden
The wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seed can obtain from natural world wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae improved seeds, perhaps selects the region to set up wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and fosters the garden, obtains the improved seeds of wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, to keep the fine quality of wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.
Set up wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and foster the garden, industrial pollution, traffic pollution, municipal pollution zone should be avoided in the garden of fostering, and to fostering atmosphere, soil, the strict angles of science monitoring of water quality process in the territory, garden, make air meet the atmosphere quality primary standard.In fostering the garden, pull out plant equal with the red sage root, that belong to,, improve the good property of the red sage root in order to avoid hybridization mixes.
Select for use the good wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plant of stalwartness, the strong plant type of vitality to collect seed.Select the full seed plant in the 1-3 prime of life at reproduction age to collect seed during seed collecting.Do not gather undergrowth or abnormal weak sick plant, aged plant, the not good plant of strain shape, undue excessive growth plant and the seed of damage by disease and insect infected plant is arranged.
Generally selecting late May to late July is the best seed collecting phase.Because the red sage root is an indefinite inflorescence, seed is ripe successively, therefore should gather in batches, and ripe back nut lands.
The wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seed collection is preferably when kind of fringe about 3/5 is ripe, cut gently with secateurs, be placed on the local airing of transporting to nontoxic, pollution-free, no livestock and poultry, the plague of rats in the clean free of contamination utensil, after treating abundant drying, beat gently, the outstanding achievement natural cracking strips seed, removes foreign material and empty flat grain again.
Suitable at room temperature the doing of wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seed hidden.
Two, seed selection strong sprout
Rhizome breeding and seed seedling-raising are mainly selected in breeding of the red sage root aborning for use.Rhizome breeding should select the rhizome of disease-free robust plant to make the seed seedling, and generally speaking, well developed root system, output height are taken root soon in rhizome plantation in strong sprout and with transplanting back survival rate height the strong sprout of cultivating seeds.
(1) plant root and strong sprout standard
1, root division: select for use and just excavate healthy and strong wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae rhizome, diameter is cut into 5-7 centimetre of segment and makes seedling at red sage root rhizome sturdy more than 0.5 centimetre.
2, seed growing: the seedling root is long more than 8 centimetres, and the root upper diameter is more than 0.3 centimetre, the blade plumpness, and the leaf look dark green, glossy, and growing way is neat.
3, anosis worm harm.
Seedling-cultivating method
No matter red sage root cultivation adopts rhizome, seed or terrestrial stem cottage propagation, generally do not advocate live because the live weather influence that is subjected to easily of large tracts of land causes easily than large tracts of land death.
The solution (for example 0.01-10%) that the wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seed can utilize colchicin to make by a certain percentage induces can provide the tetraploid red sage root seedling of tanshinone IIA content more than 1 times.
1, open country is grown seedlings.
2, cold bed, little shed are grown seedlings: breed in the method that low temperature season can be taked to heat.To possess when making the seedbed good heat, preserve moisture, the daylighting effect, be that red sage root seedling is created a good growing environment.Can adopt little shed, cold bed and plastic greenhouse to grow seedlings with red sage root rhizome, seed growing.No matter adopt which kind of seedling-cultivating method, all should be chosen in leeward on the sunny side, high and dry, the fertile soil of physical features, the place of closing on the water source grow seedlings.
Sowing time
1, root division: should will foster at nuisanceless wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae in (mid or late Febuary) after the beginning of spring and excavate no any pollution in the garden sowing time, and qualified on inspection sturdy, disease-free red sage root lateral root is made seedling, and (the female root of lignification is not suitable as seedling, because it is poor that female root is sprouted power, yield poorly).Thick lateral root after the seed selection that diameter is about 0.5 centimetre is cut into 5-7 centimetre, suitable for reading cutting flat, and end opening is cut tiltedly, it is level and smooth that clip is wanted, the kind root that shears is immersed 1: 100-300, interior 10-30 minute of preferred 1: 200 cobalamin solution can make emergence rate bring up to more than 95%.
2, seminal propagation: the open country seeding and growing seedling phase is in the first tenday period of a month-early August in January.Type of seeding can be taked live or grows seedlings.
(1) seeding quantity.The salvia seeds germination rate is low, and the reply seed carries out germination rate mensuration before the sowing, determines seeding quantity according to the germination rate of measuring.
(2) seed treatment.The salvia seeds difficulty of growing seedlings is big than other crop seedling, in order to improve the vitality of seed, impels seed sprouting, makes the growth of seedling stalwartness, the germination of must choosing seeds, sterilize, soak seed salvia seeds.
Seed selection: salvia seeds is immersed in the free of contamination Drinking Water,, turn over evenly, the showy blighted grain on limit is on the water pulled out, select for use full seed to make seed through fully stirring.Sterilization: be exactly to the substantial full seed disinfection after selecting, kill the bacterium of the surface of the seed, improve percentage of seedgermination, strengthen the resistance against diseases of seedling.The sterilization method of red sage root pyramid-shaped dumpling for example can be taked to hot water treatment of seeds: be heated to 50-55 ℃ of warm water with Drinking Water, seed was being wrapped immersion 15-20 minute with fine sand cloth.Stir while soaking during immersion, the surface of the seed is heated evenly, when the water temperature non-scald on hand, stop to stir.
(3) which kind of method no matter sowing adopt grow seedlings, and all should satisfy soil moisture water prior to seeding and grasp seeding quantity is the key that cultivates red sage root seedling.
1) irritates soil moisture water.Irritating soil moisture water before the sowing is the key that guarantees seed sprouting.The drenched degree of soil moisture water is generally 8-11cm, subterranean water level height, the soil that fertility is high, and moisture capacity is strong, the native more moistening end water of furrow can be smaller, otherwise should be greatly.
2) seeding quantity.The seeding quantity of each furrow of growing seedlings how much, should just decide according to percentage of seedgermination.Spacing is pressed 3cm, and 8 square meter bed furrow can be bred 8888 strain red sage root seedlings, transplants for 1 mu of ground and uses.
3) type of seeding.Per 8 square metres of seedbeds for example can be hybridly prepared into bio-bacterial manure with the disease-resistant combination of high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacterium each 0.3-0.8kg of biological potassium fertilizer and innoxious fine sand or fine earth 4-7 kilogram, mix even after, before broadcasting seed, this biological bacteria is sprinkling upon on the seedbed uniformly.One plays the effect in strong sprout, improves bud ratio; Two avoid the seed of adhering, and influence seed and stand up unearthed.Then seed is sowed uniformly on the bio-bacterial manure of preparation.Cover the sieve fine earth or the fine sand of 0.5 cm thick on seed, earthing is blocked up, causes vexed bud, vexed seed phenomenon easily.Earthing is thin excessively, and easy dried bud requires earthing even, the thicklyest must not surpass 1cm.
4) broadcast the back management.Sow to rainwater in the beginning of spring spring: will strictly immediately seal covered with plastic film after broadcasting, press sternly with fine earth on every side, prevent to let in air.Cold bed and little shed are grown seedlings, and add a cover straw mat night; Can carry out open country after clear and bright grows seedlings.Grew seedlings to the Limit of Heat in autumn after the Summer Solstice in the summer solar term, should on the furrow of seedbed, add sunshading facility, seedling in case the sun is burnt.
5) seedling management.Seedling management is an important step that cultivates red sage root seedling.Carry out Comprehensive Control in conjunction with conditions such as the light in the seedling furrow, water, fertilizer, gas, see weather, the growth of cereal crop seedlings, the growing state according to different bearing stage of rice shoot carries out suitable short control, keeps the growth balance of overground part cauline leaf and underground part rhizome.Comprise and regulate temperature (before emerging, seedling bed temperature preferably remains on 25-30 ℃, and soil temperature reaches 24 ℃, and after emerging, preferred day temperature remains on 20-25 ℃, remains on 15-18 ℃ night, and soil temperature remains on 16-23 ℃), thinning and uprooting weed are watered etc.
Two, the region of imitative wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is selected and the harmful substance degraded
The region is selected
The region of the ecotope of approximate wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae generally includes following condition: vegetation coverage is generally more than 30%, preferred more than 40%, more preferably more than 60%, inaccessiblely should carry out manual reversion, vegetation for example can comprise arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant, and the height of tree of arbor preferably is no more than 4-5 rice; Annual precipitation is more than 500 millimeters, and is preferred more than 800 millimeters, and average temperature of the whole year is more than 10 ℃, and is preferred more than 14 ℃; There is not suitability for industrialized production to pollute in the zone.Optional requirement beyond 5 kilometers on railway, the above highway of state highway, beyond 0.1 kilometer apart from local-style dwelling houses residence, natural village or the region that has the natural cover for defense to block.
The preferential on the sunny side hillside fields of height above sea level more than 200 meters of selecting, soil layer is deep fertile, and well-drained neutrality or acid ground, soil meet GB15618-1995 soil quality standard (mercury, lead, arsenic, chromium are lower than this standard); The soil organic matter is not less than 0.9%, and the pH value is between 6-7, and preferred about region of not using chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticide and employing chemical rodenticide to kill mouse harmful more than 6.6, two years or 2 years produces imitative wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.
In selected region, can choose wantonly and carry out activating soil, degraded chemical fertilizer and other unfavorable material, for example can adopt one or more of following method.
1, biological degradation method
Can select for use the EM biological bacteria (Japan produce) or the U.S. beauteously that soil activating agent beauteously of producing of that company change the negative effect that chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticide bring soil and traditional Chinese medicine, the consumption of EM biological bacteria can be 100-200g/ mu, the common consumption of soil activating agent is a 200-400g/ mu, deep plough 25-30 centimetre, through 15-20 days activation process, can make harmful substances such as chemical fertilizer degraded about 2/5ths residual in the soil.Next be when field planting every mu use " efficient disease-resistance azotobacter " 2-5 kilogram, " silicate bacteria " 2-5 kilogram, giving increases and improves microorganism species in the soil, by microorganism engulfing, digest, breathing and secreting in soil, when will from chemistry or organic source, obtain nutrition, harmful bacterium, part hazard residue thing in the soil are digested, and be converted into a kind of biochemistry stimulus and provide red sage root growth required N, P, K and trace element, can make that residual chemical fertilizer obtains degraded once more in the soil.
2, green manuring edman degradation Edman
According to the growth characteristic of salvia miltiorrhiza, green manure plants such as stubble plantation one season sword tongue pea, infertile field radish, mung bean, broad bean, sesbania, clover are ploughed deeply when blooming or before spending and make base manure in the soil before the soil of planted rooted salvia.By absorption, the conversion of green manure plant in process of growth, reach and eliminate residual chemical fertilizer, the agricultural chemicals of possibility in the soil, the purpose of harmful substances such as weed killer herbicide simultaneously again can culture fertility.
3, fertilizer material reductive degradation method
Use through 7-10 days fermentation more than 50 ℃, various parasitic ovums and pathogen, weed seed have been killed, remove harmful organic acid and pernicious gas, make it to reach nuisanceless sanitary standard (the dead 95-100% of roundworm egg, organic reduction material such as heap barnyard manure fecal coliform value 0.1), stalk, leaf form the tillage pan of consolidation and improve moisture holding capacity, improve the microbial activities condition, reduce soil pollution, hinder heavy metal and enter plant corpus.
4, water logging edman degradation Edman
Dry land is slower to degradation of pesticide speed, and is local preferably in the water conservancy condition, can change dry land into paddy field, accelerates degradation speed, generally does through 1 year non-irrigated water wheels, and outer heavy metal of arsenic removal and hexachlorcyclohexane in the soil of degrading at once, DDT residue of pesticide are to the harm of the red sage root.
Farming and whole ground
1, soil cultivating: main task is by machinery or livestock farming, create a good upper soll layer state, and suitable topsoil structure, set up factors such as water, gas, heat are coordinated in the soil soil environment, control edaphon activity and chemical-biological activities, regulate organic matter decomposition and accumulation, help water storage soil moisture conservation and prevent that moisture content from evaporating in a large number, creates a soil environment condition that the suitable red sage root grows, promotion ontogeny, alleviate the harm of disease worm, weeds.
2, red sage root cultivation requires the active soil stratum thickness usually should be more than 25-35 centimetre, preferred more than 30 centimetres, because its master, lateral root prosperity, 85% root system is all more than 30 centimetres, the plot that active soil stratum is thin is unfavorable for red sage root root growth, so planted rooted salvia should be selected the high plot plantation of the deep humic acid content of soil layer.
After the plot of planted rooted salvia is chosen, must optimum period carry out farming, farming should determine suitable farming period by different soils and water content.In actual production, grasp the suitable easier method of phase of ploughing and be selected at soil moisture optimum period, the 40-60% that generally is about field capacity, it shows as between ground surface drying wetting phase, it is fragmentary to kick ground, and the ground soil of grabbing a topsoil 5-10 centimeters can not be held agglomerating, but not water outlet, hand does not have wet seal, lands and ploughs the phase for suitable when fragmentary.
2, do the ridge: through ploughing rake and leveling land, make soil reach defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, behind the smooth no clod, get final product ridging wholely.Ridging can increase soil thickness, improves the ventilation and penetrating light and the water drainage ability of the red sage root.Do the ridge generally with 50-200 centimetre of line, row spacing 40-150 centimetre, furrow width 25-35 centimetre.The ditch depth vertical height is 25-30 centimetre.
Three, nutrition supply and fertilization principle
Can supply with following fertilizer:
(1) plants natural green manure
(2) straw returning and fertilizing
(3) innoxious high-quality farmyard manure
(4) inorganic (mineral matter) fertilizer
(5) bio-fertilizer
Four, transplanting and rational close planting
(1) transplants optimum period
Through the good salvia seedling of taking pains to foster, spring can be in the end of spring and the beginning of summer field planting land for growing field crops, the seedling that brings out summer can be 9,10, November the field planting land for growing field crops.
(2) rational close planting
The major measure of rational close planting is to increase number of plants per unit area.Red sage root dry matter 90-95% is an organic substance, and wherein 90% is photosynthetic product, and leaf is to carry out photosynthetic major organs, and leaf area increases to and makes full use of luminous energy and create favorable conditions.The red sage root is advisable with every mu of 7000-9000 strain in the plantation of fertile soil, is being advisable with the 8000-10000 strain mediumly, is advisable for the 800-1200 strain in barrenr soil.
(3) transplanting method
The general method of working continuously that adopts is carried out when transplanting the red sage root, that is: the operational method of lifting-fortune seedling-trench digging (digging the cave)-plant seedlings-apply fertilizer-water-earthing has only closely linked method just can save seedling from damage, fills the gaps with seedlings less.
1, lifting
The vitality of red sage root rhizome is very strong, but the root hair of root removes the seedling time of returning that will postpone 4-5 days.Therefore, many band soil during lifting, it is very important hindering root less.
2, fortune seedling
3, trench digging (digging the cave)
Red sage root cultivation requires mu plant number to be generally the 8000-10000 strain, and the line-spacing of ditching on the ridge is preferably 30-45 centimetre, and spacing in the rows 15-25 centimetre, ditch depth 7-15 centimetre.
4, plant seedlings
5, the ditch fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes
The preferred bio-fertilizer that uses is for example used the disease-resistant combination of high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacterium 3-5 kilogram, silicate bacteria (biological potassium) 3-5 kilogram for every mu.
6, water
7, earthing.
Five, field management
Field management can be common field management method, generally includes and looks into the seedling of filling a vacancy, and intertillage, weeding are earthed up, plucked flower bud, topdress, water, the extermination of disease and insect pest etc.
Six, the control of damage by disease and insect
The present invention adopts cultural control, plant pesticide and antibiotic control and physico mechanical control method.Can effectively prevent and kill pests.
Wherein cultural control method comprises:
1, deep ploughing and intensive cultivation: select the high sandy soil of humus content, plough deeply more than 25-30 centimetre, high furrow or ridging are grown seedlings, the high ridge field planting.
2, efficent rotation: crop rotation can make those that new environment and the unaccommodated sick worm of foodstuff are reduced gradually, or withers away naturally, and the disease that soil is carried disease germs and those monophagy and oligophagy insect also can be received the good preventing effect.
3, foster wild disease-resistant system: foster at wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and select in the garden that product are fastened, the red sage root of robust growth is collected seed for use, and accomplish the timely collecting airing, avoid seed to make moist mouldy and disease infects in airing, storage life.
4, apply fertilizers scientifically: reasonable increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer strengthens himself resistance against diseases.
5, rice field-upland field rotation helps drowned root-knot nematode, alleviates harm.
Plant pesticide and antibiotic control:
1, seed dressing: for example the per kilogram salvia seeds is admixed kuh-seng 0.3-0.6kg prior to seeding, frutus cnidii 0.3-0.6kg, and fruit of summer cypress 0.1-0.3kg, the mixing powder of root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany 0.1-0.3kg is used to prevent and treat root rot.
2, soil treatment: use kuh-seng 1-2kg, frutus cnidii 0.5-1.5kg, fruit of summer cypress 0.2-0.8kg, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany 0.2-0.8kg mixing powder evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields at the upturned soil head, can prevent and treat red sage root root rot effectively; Every mu with Chinese herbal medicine Dalmatian chrysanthemum 200-600g, tobacco leaf 200-600g, oldenlandia diffusa 700-1300g, selfheal 700-1300g, airpotato yam 200-600g, marine alga 200-600g mixing powder evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields on the head of turning up soil or imposes in the cave when transplanting, or prevents and treats with this herbal medicine decoction when root knot nematode disease takes place, and raking then is used to prevent and treat root-knot nematode.
3, adopt root such as " Nongkang 74 " filling.
4, adopt Chinese medicine tuber of stemona powder 2600-3400g/ mu, admix 8-12 kilogram ash, dew is as yet before the disappearance morning before summer and autumn, three-spotted plusia was taken place or when taking place, and spreads fertilizer over the fields equably on red sage root plant, can be used for preventing and treating three-spotted plusia.
Physico mechanical control:
Becoming the moth phase can adopt the black light lamp trapping, method is at the field certain position black light lamp to be installed, if there is not black light lamp, can adopt barn lantern or kerosene lamp to replace, lamp is placed the basin that fills chlorophos soup or phosphamidon missible oil soup down, kills the insect of luring so at once preferably.
Seven, plastic film mulching cultivation
Plastic mulching can be used for temperature raising and maintaining, soil moisture conservation is put forward moisture in the soil, improved soil structure, suppresses weeds.
The form of plastic mulching and mulch film specification
1, plastic mulching form: cultivating method mulched have two kinds: a kind of is to transplant in covering with plastic film after growing seedlings routinely; Another kind is to use red sage root rhizome to make kind of a root and after planting covers, can also be at salvia seeds covering with plastic film after planting.
2, use the preferred specification of mulch film: can select for use thickness to be the mulch film of 0.012-0.02 millimeter and the ultra-thin mulch film of 0.005-0.008 millimeter, amplitude is 70-75 centimetre and covers being advisable of duplicate rows.
3, select the plot, the red sage root plot of plan land used membrane covering method cultivation should be chosen in that physical features is higher, draining is convenient unobstructed, soil layer is deep, does not have the soil of stone, the year before last plant one season green manure, to increase soil with organic matter content, improve soil permeability and fertility.
Eight, gather
Gather and preferably include whole seedling, excavate, airing, repair and renovate, the step of finished product airing, selected classification, check, packing and storage.Also can be undertaken by the conventional method of this area.
The best of imitative wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae time of gathering is before referring to the Spring Equinox in next year in the Beginning of Winter.
The red sage root can be gathered through after the growth of 2-3.
The tetraploid red sage root can be gathered after the growth of 1-2.
1, whole seedling
Whole seedling is exactly the preparation of carrying out before excavating.Use reaping hook etc. before gathering and prescind stem seedling on the ground, and remove other foreign material, to prevent to pollute medicinal material.
2, excavate and airing
The root of the red sage root buries deeply, and matter is crisp easily broken, preferably at fine day, excavates during the soil semi-wet, digs after 3-5 hour airing, and Ex-all earth and impurity generally avoid washing to drench with rain.
3, repair and renovate
The red sage root takes the back airing to leather hard, after the quality deliquescing, makes in order with hand, is bundled into the bundle of 5-10 kilogram, stacks 2-3 angel its " sweating ", repaiies removing LU and palpus hair then, cuts off thin tail and is the finished product medicinal material.
4, finished product airing
Nine, divide grade packaged and storage
1, high-class product
The long 26-35 of root bar centimetre, diameter 0.8-1.2 centimetre, even thickness, the root not damaged, no goiter and tumor, no worm-eaten scar, no damage by disease and insect, nothing is gone mouldy, and free from admixture does not have any pollution, root bar even thickness, outer color of the leather is purplish red, and tanshinone IIA content reaches more than 0.4.
2, primes
The long 15-25 of root bar centimetre, diameter 0.3-0.7 centimetre, even thickness, the root not damaged, no goiter and tumor, no worm-eaten scar, no damage by disease and insect, nothing is gone mouldy, and free from admixture does not have any pollution, and outer color of the leather is purplish red, and tanshinone IIA content reaches more than 0.35.
3, certified products
The long 7-14 of root bar centimetre, more than diameter 0.3-1.3 centimetre, even thickness, the root not damaged, no goiter and tumor, no worm-eaten scar, no damage by disease and insect, nothing is gone mouldy, and free from admixture does not have any pollution, and outer color of the leather is purplish red, and tanshinone IIA content reaches more than 0.30.
Claims (10)
1, nuisanceless imitative wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, the production technology of the abundant red sage root of especially nuisanceless wild genuine traditional Chinese medicine material, this technology may further comprise the steps:
(A) adopt rhizome breeding, seed seedling-raising or terrestrial stem cottage propagation to grow seedlings;
(B) transplant the region of cultivating the ecotope of approximate wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae;
(C) field management;
(D) the imitative wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae product of gathering.
2, according to the production technology of claim 1, wherein seed seedling-raising utilizes the wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seed garden of fostering to obtain improved seeds in the step (A), perhaps adopts the tetraploid red sage root seedling of nuisanceless wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae cultivating seeds.
3, according to the production technology of claim 1 or 2, wherein step (B) comprises that also harmful substance is carried out in described region degrades.
4, according to each production technology among the claim 1-3, application of organic fertilizers or bio-fertilizer before wherein step (B) also is included in and transplants.
5, according to each production technology among the claim 1-4, step (A) comprises covering with plastic film after using red sage root rhizome to make kind of a root directly after planting carries out plastic mulching or use planting seed.
6, according to each production technology among the claim 1-5, wherein step (B) comprises wherein and transplanting in covering with plastic film.
7,, further adopt in cultural control, plant pesticide and antibiotic control and the physico mechanical control method one or more to come pest control according to each production technology among the claim 1-6.
8, according to the production technology of claim 7, wherein
The cultural control method comprises:
(1) deep ploughing and intensive cultivation: select the high sandy soil of humus content, plough deeply more than 25-30 centimetre, high furrow or ridging are grown seedlings, the high ridge field planting;
(2) efficent rotation: crop rotation can make those that new environment and the unaccommodated sick worm of foodstuff are reduced gradually, or withers away naturally, and the disease that soil is carried disease germs and those monophagy and oligophagy insect also can be received the good preventing effect;
(3) foster wild disease-resistant system: foster at wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and select in the garden that product are fastened, the red sage root of robust growth is collected seed for use, and accomplish the timely collecting airing, avoid seed to make moist mouldy and disease infects in airing, storage life;
(4) apply fertilizers scientifically: reasonable increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer strengthens himself resistance against diseases;
(5) rice field-upland field rotation: help drowned root-knot nematode, alleviate harm;
Plant pesticide and antibiotic control:
(1) seed dressing: for example the per kilogram salvia seeds is admixed kuh-seng 0.3-0.6kg prior to seeding, frutus cnidii 0.3-0.6kg, and fruit of summer cypress 0.1-0.3kg, the mixing powder of root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany 0.1-0.3kg is used to prevent and treat root rot;
(2) soil treatment: use kuh-seng 1-2kg, frutus cnidii 0.5-1.5kg, fruit of summer cypress 0.2-0.8kg, root bark of shaggy-fruited dittany 0.2-0.8kg mixing powder evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields at the upturned soil head, can prevent and treat red sage root root rot effectively; Every mu with Chinese herbal medicine Dalmatian chrysanthemum 200-600g, tobacco leaf 200-600g, oldenlandia diffusa 700-1300g, selfheal 700-1300g, airpotato yam 200-600g, marine alga 200-600g mixing powder evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields on the head of turning up soil or imposes in the cave when transplanting, or prevents and treats with this herbal medicine decoction when root knot nematode disease takes place, and raking then is used to prevent and treat root-knot nematode;
(3) adopt antibiotic such as " Nongkang 74s " to irritate root;
(4) adopt Chinese medicine tuber of stemona powder 2600-3400g/ mu, admix 8-12 kilogram ash, dew is as yet before the disappearance morning before summer and autumn, three-spotted plusia was taken place or when taking place, and spreads fertilizer over the fields equably on red sage root plant, can be used for preventing and treating three-spotted plusia;
Physico mechanical control:
Becoming the moth phase can adopt the black light lamp trapping, method is at the field certain position black light lamp to be installed, if there is not black light lamp, can adopt barn lantern or kerosene lamp to replace, lamp is placed the basin that fills chlorophos soup or phosphamidon missible oil soup down, kills the insect of luring so at once preferably.
9, according to each production technology among the claim 1-8, wherein cultivate the region of the ecotope of approximate wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, make it to reach following requirement: vegetation coverage is generally more than 30%, and is preferred more than 40%, more preferably more than 60%, inaccessiblely should carry out manual reversion; Annual precipitation is more than 500 millimeters, and is preferred more than 800 millimeters, and average temperature of the whole year is more than 10 ℃, and is preferred more than 14 ℃; There is not suitability for industrialized production to pollute in the zone; And optional requirement is beyond 5 kilometers on railway, the above highway of state highway, beyond 0.1 kilometer apart from local-style dwelling houses residence, natural village or the region that has the natural cover for defense to block.
10, according to the production technology of claim 2, wherein the wild Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae seed garden of fostering should meet following requirement: avoid industrial pollution, traffic pollution, municipal pollution zone, to fostering atmosphere, soil, the strict angles of science monitoring of water quality process in the territory, garden, make air meet the atmosphere quality primary standard, and in fostering the garden, pull out plant equal with the red sage root, that belong to, in order to avoid hybridization mixes, improve the good property of the red sage root.
Priority Applications (1)
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