CN101049077A - Planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution - Google Patents
Planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A soilless culture technique for planting the fresh-water vegetables in the nutritive liquid containing seawater (33-50 Wt%) includes such steps as choosing the vegetable variety naturalized by seawater, nursery bed management including ploughing, sunning and applying base fertilizer, sowing, culturing seedlings, transplanting by using the rock wool to wrap root, daily management, preventing and eliminating diseases and pests, and harvesting.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to the culture technique of a kind of crops, especially planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution.
Background technology
The seawater cultivation of freshwater vegetable can solve the dish problem of eating of special population on the one hand, also makes the content of mineral substances in the vegetables obtain increasing substantially on the other hand, has promoted the quality of vegetables itself.At present, China has obtained proud achievement having carried out many trials aspect the seawater field planting of freshwater vegetable.Yet the seawater field planting of freshwater vegetable, be subjected to the restriction of natural conditions bigger, on some reef islands, still can't implement, can not fundamentally solve the dish problem of eating of special population, the seawater field planting of freshwater vegetable also can't be realized the non-harmful suitability for industrialized production of freshwater vegetable from seawaterization simultaneously.
Goal of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned defective, a kind of restriction that is not subjected to natural conditions is provided, and can carry out the planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution of nuisanceless suitability for industrialized production.
Technical solution of the present invention is: planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution, it comprises kind selection, seedbed management, seeding and seedling raising, the field planting of transplanting seedlings, daily management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and gathers.Described kind is selected select through the seawater acclimation plantation, adaptability is strong, good stability, salt resistance obviously improve precocity, heat-resisting, anti-bolting kind; Described seedbed management comprise turn over freeze solarization, use sufficient base fertilizer, leveling is whole thin and water vola water; Described seeding and seedling raising can adopt direct sowing and seedling or Pregermination and seedling breeding; 1. the described field planting of transplanting seedlings comprises transplants seedlings before the field planting to cultivation bed, cultivation cloth, nutrition liquid pool cleaning and sterilizing, 2. adopts the suction of rock wool mulch to protect the liquid method and carries out booth and do not have the field planting of transplanting seedlings of native nutrient fluid cultivation; Described daily management promptly refers to nutrient management, nutrient solution adopts intermittent cycle feed flow method, nutrient solution electrical conductivity concentration is controlled at 2.2-2.8 milli Siemens/cm, sea water vegetable after the seedling field planting 7-15 days, adding salinity in vegetable nutrient liquid is the seawater of 25-27 ‰, add according to the ratio that contains seawater 67-100 kilogram in the nutrient solution per ton, the seawater amount that contained in the nutrient solution per ton every 5-7 days strengthens the 67-100 kilogram on original basis, finally reach the 1/3-1/2 that the seawater weight that contains in the nutrient solution accounts for gross weight; The described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises the damage by disease and insect prevention and administers, wherein the prevention of damage by disease and insect refers to use fly net, keep the well-ventilated, humidity is controlled at 60-70%, in time extracts the strong yellow leaf, reasonably adjusts nutrient solution concentration, the improvement of damage by disease and insect refers to the early stage in a small amount of insect pest generation, adopt artificial trapping, and special disease is in time pulled out diseased plant and is prevented the pathogeny diffusion when taking place; Described gathering comprises that whole strain harvesting and stripping leaf gather, and whole strain harvesting refers to after the seedling field planting to gather in 30-55 days, and the stripping leaf is gathered to specify and planted the back and gathered in 40-60 days, wins outside tender leaf 2-4 sheet at every turn, stays the 3-7 sheet.
The step of described direct sowing and seedling is to be 8.6 ‰ sea water immersion 6-48 hour with the seed salinity before 1. sowing; 2. with the mucus of the clean seed of flushing with clean water outside, control the dry seeds excessive moisture, airing 20-30 minute again; 3. draw capable program request, cover fine earth or matrix 1.5-2.0 centimetre after broadcasting, use the plastic mulching seedbed then, heat and moisture preserving, the hot summer also needs to cover grass and preserves moisture; 4. after seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, and seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time; When 5. temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling.
The step of described Pregermination and seedling breeding is to be 8.6 ‰ sea water immersion 6-8 hour with the seed salinity before 1. sowing; 2. with the mucus of the clean seed of flushing with clean water outside, control the dry seeds excessive moisture, be placed on 15-20 ℃ the interior vernalization of insulating box, each with flushing with clean water seed outside mucus once 2-3 minute at every turn, is sowed when germination rate reaches 70-75% sooner or later during the vernalization; 3. draw capable program request, cover fine earth or matrix 0.8-1.0 centimetre after broadcasting, spray proper amount of clear water, the plastic mulching seedbed; 4. after seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, and seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time; When 5. temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling.
The step of the described field planting of transplanting seedlings is: 1. rock wool being cut into small pieces, is sour water immersion treatment 2-3 time repeatedly of 5.0-5.5 with acid-base value; 2. the root of seedling is rinsed well; 3. wrap the root system of seedling with the rock cotton bale after the immersion treatment, be positioned over shady and cool place after 4. seedling is wrapped slow seedling 3-5 days; 5. will delay the seedling replanting field planting to the cultivating groove behind the seedling, the field planting spacing in the rows is that 28-33 centimetre, line-spacing are 35-40 centimetre.
Use planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution provided by the invention to produce sea water vegetable, both improved the nutritional quality of vegetables itself, can realize extensive nuisanceless suitability for industrialized production again, and it is for natural conditions such as soil etc., no specific (special) requirements waits specific demand crowd's self-sufficient production applicable to the reef islander.
Specific embodiments
The seawater soilless nutrient solution culture technique of embodiment one: Ye Yong Chard dish
1. kind is selected
Ye Yong Chard dish originally is the fresh water kind, and after the seawater acclimation plantation, its adaptability is strong, and variety stability is good, be difficult for degenerating, and salt resistance is significantly improved.The seawater soilless nutrient solution cultivation of Ye Yong Chard dish is generally selected for use precocity, kind heat-resisting, anti-bolting to carry out the anniversary and is produced, as: Bai Geng Chard dish, Huang Geng Chard dish, Zi Geng Chard dish, Fen Geng Chard dish, Hong Geng Chard dish.
2. seedbed management
In order to reduce damage by disease and insect, to turn over to the seedbed winter and freeze solarization, go up late December to January, the middle ten days, use sufficient base fertilizer, use the fertile 2400-2600 kilogram of the manure of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed for per 667 square metres, fill and part turn, turn number of times and be no less than three times, leveling is whole thin then.Sow preceding 12 hours seedbeds and will water vola water, under the ground moistening condition, harrow and loosen the soil, can broadcast sowing ready seed.
3. cultivation time:
Ye Yong Chard dish utilizes seawater soilless nutrient solution culture technique, can carry out the anniversary and produce.Cultivation season is generally early spring, summer, three seasons of autumn and winter, and seawater soilless nutrient solution cultivation is gathered based on the stripping leaf of early spring and autumn and winter, with summer whole strain harvesting be auxilliary.Spring is early cultivated the sowing time for by the end of January to early Febuary in the Yangtze river basin, the summer culture sowing time is late June-early July, cultivating the sowing time autumn and winter is early September-10 the first tenday period of a month, and not only can shelling leaf then and gathering of early sowing can also be delayed to before the bolting in spring in the coming year.
4. seeding and seedling raising
(1) seed treatment before the sowing:
Ye Yong Chard colza is bigger, it is the fruit on the botany, planting the thicker difficult suction of shell germinates, before the sowing be 8.6 ‰ sea water immersion 24-48 hour with salinity with Ye Yong Chard colza son, use the outside mucus of flushing with clean water seed then, can rinse well in general 2-3 minute, again with gauze control dry seeds excessive moisture, sowing after airing 20-30 minute.
(2) direct sowing and seedling:
Vola water will be watered in the seedbed, opens shallow ridges after the water infiltration and draws capable program request, covers fine earth or matrix 1.5-2.0 centimetre after broadcasting, and uses the plastic mulching seedbed then, heat and moisture preserving.Hot summer also needs to cover grass preserves moisture, and could germinate.Seed 2.0-2.5 kilogram need be sowed in per 667 square metres of seedbeds.After seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, and seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time, and is when temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling.
5. the field planting of transplanting seedlings
(1) transplant seedlings and prepare before the field planting:
It is clean with the clear water cleaning downs with all cultivation beds, cultivation cloth, nutrition liquid pool etc. before the field planting to transplant seedlings, and tans by the sun sterilization under the sun.
(2) field planting of transplanting seedlings:
Leaf Chard dish early spring and after planting general field planting in 30-40 days autumn and winter, after planting general field planting in 18-23 days in summer.The booth soilless culture field planting of transplanting seedlings adopts rock wool mulch, suction to protect the liquid method: before the field planting of transplanting seedlings, at first needing rock wool is cut into small pieces, is sour water immersion treatment 2-3 time repeatedly of 5.0-5.5 with acid-base value, and the alkalescence of reduction rock wool is beneficial to the root growth of seedling; Then the root of seedling is rinsed well, wrapped the root system of Chard dish again with the rock wool after the immersion treatment; After wrapping, seedling was positioned over shady and cool place slow seedling 3-5 days; To delay the seedling replanting field planting to the cultivating groove behind the seedling at last, the field planting spacing in the rows is that 28-33 centimetre, line-spacing are 35-40 centimetre.
6. nutrient management
(1) concentration of nutrient solution management:
The concentration of Ye Yong Chard dish nutrient solution will be complied with and constantly increase breeding time.The electrical conductivity concentration of Ye Yong Chard dish before 4 leaves is 2.2 milli Siemens/cm, and the electrical conductivity concentration of 4 leaves before 6 leaves is 2.8 milli Siemens/cm.Nutrient solution concentration is low excessively, and floral leaf appears in its poor growth, produces physiological disease.
Ye Yong Chard dish after the seedling field planting 7-15 days, adding salinity in vegetable nutrient liquid is the seawater of 25-27 ‰, add according to the ratio that contains 100 kilograms in seawater in the nutrient solution per ton, the seawater quantity that contained in the nutrient solution per ton every 5-7 days strengthens 100 kilograms on original basis, after guaranteeing to add five seawater, the seawater weight that contains in the nutrient solution accounts for 1/2 of gross weight.
(2) acid-base value of nutrient solution management:
The nutrient solution acid-base value that leaf is suitable for the growth of Chard dish is between 5.5-6.5, and acid-base value is higher than 6.5 or be lower than 5.5 growths that all can influence it.Therefore all will carry out detection record to the acid-base value of nutrient solution every day, when acid-base value was higher than 6.5, the concentrated sulfuric acid that should add 80%-90% reduced acid-base value; When acid-base value is lower than 5.5, should add fresh water and improve acid-base value, the acid-base value of nutrient solution is controlled in the prescribed limit, to satisfy the growth needs of Ye Yong Chard dish, improve output.
(3) supplies management of nutrient solution:
Nutrient solution supply time, number of times will be determined according to weather, temperature, kind.Normal weather generally adopts 45 minutes method circulation feed flow of feed flow 25 minute, breath daytime, guarantees that Ye Yong Chard dish seedling does not thirst but wet; Rainy weather is supplied 1-2 time every day.
7. the extermination of disease and insect pest
Ye Yong Chard dish does not have in the native nutrient fluid cultivation process at booth, mainly adopts fly net to carry out pest prevention work; In the early stage that a small amount of insect pest takes place, adopt artificial trapping to catch larva.The disease resistance of Ye Yong Chard dish is extremely strong, as long as air permeability is good, humidity is controlled at 60-70%, extracts the strong yellow leaf timely, reasonably adjusts the just few disease that takes place of nutrient solution concentration; When special disease takes place, prevent the pathogeny diffusion as long as in time pull out diseased plant.Therefore Ye Yong Chard dish does not use the pesticide control damage by disease and insect in whole process of cultivation, is a kind of non-harmful food.
8. gather
Ye Yong Chard dish got final product whole strain harvesting in 30-40 days after field planting; Also peelable leaf is gathered when 40-60 days or 7-8 sheet Da Ye after field planting, wins outside tender leaf 2-3 sheet at every turn, stays 3-4 sheet Da Ye, can repeatedly the shelling leaf and gather of field planting early, every 10-15 days stripping leaves once, can reach 5 months picking time.The cultivation of Ye Yong Chard dish seawater soilless nutrient solution is used stripping leaf percentage recovery to carry out the anniversary usually and is produced, and per 667 square metres of output are the 2500-3000 kilogram.
Embodiment two: witloof seawater soilless nutrient solution culture technique
1. kind is selected
Witloof originally is the fresh water kind, and after the seawater acclimation plantation, its adaptability is strong, and variety stability is good, be difficult for degenerating, and salt resistance is significantly improved.The seawater soilless nutrient solution cultivation of witloof is generally selected for use precocity, kind heat-resisting, anti-bolting to carry out the anniversary and is produced, as: red witloof and green witloof.
2. seedbed management
In order to reduce damage by disease and insect, to turn over to the seedbed winter and freeze solarization, go up late December to January, the middle ten days, use sufficient base fertilizer, use the fertile 2400-2600 kilogram of the manure of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed for per 667 square metres, fully turn, turn and be no less than three times, leveling is whole thin then.Sow preceding 12 hours seedbeds and will water vola water, rake loosens the soil earlier under the ground moistening condition, can broadcast sowing ready seed.
3. cultivation time:
Witloof utilizes seawater soilless nutrient solution culture technique, can carry out the anniversary and produce.Cultivation season is generally early spring, summer, three seasons of autumn and winter, and seawater soilless nutrient solution cultivation is gathered based on the stripping leaf of early spring and autumn and winter, with summer whole strain harvesting be auxilliary.Spring is early cultivated the sowing time for by the end of January to early Febuary in the Yangtze river basin, the summer culture sowing time is late June-early July, cultivating the sowing time autumn and winter is early September-10 the first tenday period of a month, and not only can shelling leaf then and gathering of early sowing can also be delayed to before the bolting in spring in the coming year.
4. seeding and seedling raising:
Because the tiny difficulty of chicory seed particle is gathered, and adopts planting method for raising seedling usually in order to save seed.Grow seedlings and divide two kinds of booth direct sowing and seedling and Pregermination and seedling breedings.
(1) direct sowing and seedling
1. seed treatment before sowing
With the chicory seed salinity is 8.6 ‰ sea water immersion 6-8 hour, uses the outside mucus of flushing with clean water seed then, can rinse well in general 2-3 minute, again with gauze control dry seeds excessive moisture, airing 20-30 minute.
2. seeding and seedling raising
Because the chicory seed particle is tiny, be difficult for during sowing evenly, so generally adopt the sowing of seed dressing method, according to being seeded in the booth seedbed of putting in order after seed and fine earth or the seed dressing of 1: 5 weight ratio of matrix, draw gently on the top layer one time with rake, impel seed and soil to combine closely, use the plastic mulching seedbed at last, it is neat to promote to emerge with heat and moisture preserving, observed and recorded seedling-growing time and emergence rate.After the witloof seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, and seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time, and is when temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling.
(2) Pregermination and seedling breeding:
1. seed treatment before sowing
Be 8.6 ‰ sea water immersion 6-8 hour with the chicory seed salinity, use the outside mucus of flushing with clean water seed then, can rinse well in general 2-3 minute, again with gauze control dry seeds excessive moisture, be placed on 15 ℃-20 ℃ the interior vernalization of insulating box, each with the outside mucus of flushing with clean water seed once each 2-3 minute, gets final product when germination rate reaches 70%-75% sooner or later during the vernalization.
2. seeding and seedling raising
Adopt the sowing of seed dressing method, according to being seeded in the booth seedbed of putting in order after seed and fine earth or the seed dressing of 1: 5 weight ratio of matrix, after planting the top layer covers 0.8-1.0 centimetre fine earth or matrix, spray an amount of clear water, impel seed and soil or matrix to combine closely, " attaching the names of pre-determined candidates " phenomenon takes place in the back that prevents to emerge, and uses the plastic mulching seedbed at last, it is neat to promote to emerge with heat and moisture preserving, observed and recorded seedling-growing time and emergence rate.After the witloof seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, and seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time, and is when temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling.
5. the field planting of transplanting seedlings
(1) transplant seedlings and prepare before the field planting:
It is clean with the clear water cleaning downs with all cultivation beds, cultivation cloth, nutrition liquid pool etc. before the field planting to transplant seedlings, and tans by the sun sterilization under the sun.
(2) field planting of transplanting seedlings:
Witloof is spring and field planting after planting 30-35 days autumn and winter early, field planting in after planting 15-20 days summer.The booth soilless culture field planting of transplanting seedlings adopts rock wool mulch, suction to protect the liquid method: before the field planting of transplanting seedlings, at first needing rock wool is cut into small pieces, is sour water immersion treatment 2-3 time repeatedly of 5.0-5.5 with acid-base value, and the alkalescence of reduction rock wool is beneficial to the root growth of seedling; Then the root of seedling is rinsed well, wrapped the root system of witloof again with the rock cotton bale after the immersion treatment; After wrapping, seedling was positioned over shady and cool place slow seedling 3-5 days; To delay the seedling replanting field planting to the cultivating groove behind the seedling at last, the field planting spacing in the rows is that 28-33 centimetre, line-spacing are 35-40 centimetre.
6. nutrient management
(1) concentration of nutrient solution management:
The concentration of witloof nutrient solution will be complied with constantly to be increased breeding time.The electrical conductivity concentration of witloof before 4 leaves is 2.2 milli Siemens/cm, and the electrical conductivity concentration of 4 leaves before 6 leaves is 2.8 milli Siemens/cm.Nutrient solution concentration is low excessively, and its poor growth produces the restraining the growth of seedlings phenomenon, has reduced the quality of product.
Witloof after the seedling field planting 7-15 days, adding salinity in vegetable nutrient liquid is the seawater of 25-27 ‰, add according to the ratio that contains 67 kilograms in seawater in the nutrient solution per ton, the seawater weight that contained in the nutrient solution per ton every 5-7 days strengthens 67 kilograms on original basis, after guaranteeing to add five seawater, the seawater weight that contains in the nutrient solution accounts for 1/3 of gross weight.
(2) acid-base value of nutrient solution management:
The nutrient solution acid-base value that witloof growth is suitable for is between 5.5-6.5, and acid-base value is higher than 6.5 or be lower than 5.5 growths that all can influence it.Therefore all will carry out detection record to the acid-base value of nutrient solution every day, when acid-base value was higher than 6.5, the concentrated sulfuric acid that should add 80%-90% reduced acid-base value; When acid-base value is lower than 5.5, should add fresh water and improve acid-base value, the acid-base value of nutrient solution is controlled in the prescribed limit, to satisfy the growth needs of witloof, improve output.
(3) supplies management of nutrient solution:
Nutrient solution supply time, number of times will be determined according to weather, temperature, kind.Normal weather generally adopts 45 minutes method circulation feed flow of feed flow 25 minute, breath daytime, guarantees that the witloof seedling does not thirst but wet; Rainy weather is supplied 1-2 time every day.
7. the extermination of disease and insect pest
Because witloof contains the bitter substance that does not have in the general vegetables,, add and use the fly net insect protected in the no native nutrient fluid cultivation process, so the anniversary long-term production does not worry taking place insect pest yet so damage by disease and insect is few; And the disease resistance of witloof is extremely strong, as long as air permeability is good, humidity is controlled at 60-70%, extracts the strong yellow leaf timely, reasonably adjusts the just few disease that takes place of nutrient solution concentration; When special disease takes place, prevent the pathogeny diffusion as long as in time pull out diseased plant.So witloof is not used the pesticide control damage by disease and insect in whole process of cultivation, be a kind of pollution-free food.
8. gather
Witloof can carry out whole strain harvesting in 45-55 days after field planting; Also can shell leaf and gather, the stripping leaf was gathered after the field planting 40 days, and every 15-20 days stripping leaves are once shelled leaf 3-4 sheet at every turn, stay the 5-7 sheet to let alone to grow, and can reach 5 months picking time.The cultivation of witloof seawater soilless nutrient solution is used stripping leaf percentage recovery to carry out the anniversary usually and is produced, and per 667 square metres of output are the 2300-2600 kilogram.
Claims (6)
1, planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution, it comprises kind selection, seedbed management, seeding and seedling raising, the field planting of transplanting seedlings, daily management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and gathers, it is characterized in that: described kind is selected select through the seawater acclimation plantation, adaptability is strong, good stability, salt resistance obviously improve precocity, heat-resisting, anti-bolting kind; Described seedbed management comprise turn over freeze solarization, use sufficient base fertilizer, leveling is whole thin and water vola water; Described seeding and seedling raising can adopt direct sowing and seedling or Pregermination and seedling breeding; 1. the described field planting of transplanting seedlings comprises transplants seedlings before the field planting to cultivation bed, cultivation cloth, nutrition liquid pool cleaning and sterilizing, 2. adopts the suction of rock wool mulch to protect the liquid method and carries out booth and do not have the field planting of transplanting seedlings of native nutrient fluid cultivation; Described daily management promptly refers to nutrient management, nutrient solution adopts intermittent cycle feed flow method, nutrient solution electrical conductivity concentration is controlled at 2.2-2.8 milli Siemens/cm, sea water vegetable after the seedling field planting 7-15 days, adding salinity in vegetable nutrient liquid is the seawater of 25-27 ‰, add according to the ratio that contains seawater 67-100 kilogram in the nutrient solution per ton, the seawater weight that contained in the nutrient solution per ton every 5-7 days strengthens the 67-100 kilogram on original basis, finally reach the 1/3-1/2 that the seawater weight that contains in the nutrient solution accounts for gross weight; The described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises the damage by disease and insect prevention and administers, wherein the prevention of damage by disease and insect refers to use fly net, keep the well-ventilated, humidity is controlled at 60-70%, in time extracts the strong yellow leaf, reasonably adjusts nutrient solution concentration, the improvement of damage by disease and insect refers to the early stage in a small amount of insect pest generation, adopt artificial trapping, and special disease prevents the pathogeny diffusion as long as in time pull out diseased plant when taking place; Described gathering comprises that whole strain harvesting and stripping leaf gather, and whole strain harvesting refers to after the seedling field planting to gather in 30-55 days, and the stripping leaf is gathered to specify and planted the back and gathered in 40-60 days, wins outside tender leaf 2-4 sheet at every turn, stays the 3-7 sheet.
2, planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the step of described direct sowing and seedling is to be 8.6 ‰ sea water immersion 6-48 hour with the seed salinity before 1. sowing; 2. with the mucus of the clean seed of flushing with clean water outside, control the dry seeds excessive moisture, airing 20-30 minute again; 3. draw capable program request, cover fine earth or matrix 1.5-2.0 centimetre after broadcasting, use the plastic mulching seedbed then, heat and moisture preserving, the hot summer also needs to cover grass and preserves moisture; 4. after seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, and seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time; When 5. temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling.
3, planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the step of described Pregermination and seedling breeding is that before 1. sowing seed to be immersed in salinity be in 8.6 ‰ the seawater 6-8 hour; 2. with the mucus of the clean seed of flushing with clean water outside, control the dry seeds excessive moisture, be placed on 15-20 ℃ the interior vernalization of insulating box, each with flushing with clean water seed outside mucus once 2-3 minute at every turn, is sowed when germination rate reaches 70-75% sooner or later during the vernalization; 3. draw capable program request, cover fine earth or matrix 0.8-1.0 centimetre after broadcasting, spray proper amount of clear water, the plastic mulching seedbed; 4. after seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, and seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time; When 5. temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling.
4, planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the step of the described field planting of transplanting seedlings is: 1. rock wool being cut into small pieces, is sour water immersion treatment 2-3 time repeatedly of 5.0-5.5 with acid-base value; 2. the root of seedling is rinsed well; 3. wrap the root system of seedling with the rock cotton bale after the immersion treatment, be positioned over shady and cool place after 4. seedling is wrapped slow seedling 3-5 days; 5. will delay the seedling replanting field planting to the cultivating groove behind the seedling, the field planting spacing in the rows is that 28-33 centimetre, line-spacing are 35-40 centimetre.
5, planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: leaf comprises with the step of the seawater soilless nutrient solution culture technique of respectful dish
(1) kind is selected
Select for use through after the seawater acclimation plantation, adaptability is strong, and variety stability is good, is difficult for degenerating, and precocity, heat-resisting, anti-bolting kind that salt resistance obviously improves are obstructed respectful dish, the respectful dish of red stalk as the respectful dish of white stalk, the respectful dish of yellow stalk, the respectful dish of lac encrusted twig, powder;
(2) seedbed management
Turned in the seedbed in winter and freeze solarization, last, the middle ten days in late December to January, use sufficient base fertilizer, use the fertile 2400-2600 kilogram of the manure of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed for per 667 square metres, turn number of times and be no less than three times, leveling is whole thin then, sows preceding 12 hours seedbeds and will water vola water, under the ground moistening condition, harrow and loosen the soil, can broadcast sowing ready seed;
(3) the cultivation time
Utilize the cultivation of seawater soilless nutrient solution, leaf can carry out the anniversary with respectful dish and produce;
(4) seeding and seedling raising
(4.1) seed treatment before the sowing
Be 8.6 ‰ sea water immersion 24-48 hour with the seed salinity before the sowing, mucus 2-3 minute of using flushing with clean water seed outside then is again with gauze control dry seeds excessive moisture, airing 20-30 minute;
(4.2) direct sowing and seedling
Vola water is watered in the seedbed, open shallow ridges and draw capable program request, cover fine earth or matrix 1.5-2.0 centimetre after broadcasting, use the plastic mulching seedbed then, seed 2.0-2.5 kilogram need be sowed in per 667 square metres of seedbeds, after seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, and seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time, when temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling;
(5) field planting of transplanting seedlings
(5.1) transplant seedlings and prepare before the field planting
It is clean with the clear water cleaning down with all cultivation beds, cultivation cloth, nutrition liquid pool to transplant seedlings before the field planting, tans by the sun sterilization under the sun;
(5.2) field planting of transplanting seedlings
Leaf is with spring and the after planting general field planting in 30-40 days autumn and winter early of respectful dish, after planting general field planting in 18-23 days in summer; The booth soilless culture field planting of transplanting seedlings adopts rock wool mulch, suction to protect the liquid method: before the field planting of transplanting seedlings, at first needing rock wool is cut into small pieces, is sour water immersion treatment 2-3 time repeatedly of 5.0-5.5 with acid-base value, and the alkalescence of reduction rock wool is beneficial to the root growth of seedling; Then the root of seedling is rinsed well, wrapped the root system of respectful dish again with the rock cotton bale after the immersion treatment; After wrapping, seedling was positioned over shady and cool place slow seedling 3-5 days; To delay the seedling replanting field planting to the cultivating groove behind the seedling at last, the field planting spacing in the rows is that 28-33 centimetre, line-spacing are 35-40 centimetre;
(6) nutrient management
(6.1) concentration of nutrient solution management
Leaf is 2.2 milli Siemens/cm with the electrical conductivity concentration of respectful dish before 4 leaves, and the electrical conductivity concentration of 4 leaves before 6 leaves is 2.8 milli Siemens/cm;
Leaf was with respectful dish after the seedling field planting 7-15 days, adding salinity in vegetable nutrient liquid is the seawater of 25-27 ‰, add according to the ratio that contains 100 kilograms in seawater in the nutrient solution per ton, the seawater weight that contained in the nutrient solution per ton every 5-7 days strengthens 100 kilograms on original basis, finally reach the seawater weight that contains in the nutrient solution and account for 1/2 of gross weight;
(6.2) acid-base value of nutrient solution management
Leaf is grown suitable nutrient solution acid-base value between 5.5-6.5 with respectful dish;
(6.3) supplies management of nutrient solution
Normal weather adopts 45 minutes method circulation feed flow of feed flow 25 minute, breath, and rainy weather is supplied 1-2 time every day;
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest
Leaf refers to use fly net with the prevention of respectful dish damage by disease and insect, keep the well-ventilated, humidity is controlled at 60-70%, in time extract the strong yellow leaf, reasonably adjust nutrient solution concentration, the improvement of damage by disease and insect refers to adopt artificial trapping in the early stage of a small amount of insect pest generation, and special disease is in time pulled out diseased plant and is prevented the pathogeny diffusion when taking place;
(8) gather
Leaf got final product whole strain harvesting in 30-40 days with respectful dish after field planting; Also peelable leaf is gathered when 40-60 days or 7-8 sheet Da Ye after field planting, wins outside tender leaf 2-3 sheet at every turn, stays 3-4 sheet Da Ye.
6, planting freshwater vegetable from seawater soilless nutrient solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the step of the seawater soilless nutrient solution culture technique of witloof comprises
(1) kind is selected
Select for use through after the seawater acclimation plantation, adaptability is strong, and variety stability is good, be difficult for degenerating, and also the salt resistance precocity, heat-resisting, the anti-bolting kind that are significantly improved, as: red witloof and green witloof;
(2) seedbed management
Turned in the seedbed in winter and freeze solarization, last, the middle ten days in late December to January, use sufficient base fertilizer, use the fertile 2400-2600 kilogram of the manure of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed for per 667 square metres, turn number of times and be no less than three times, leveling is whole thin then, sows preceding 12 hours seedbeds and will water vola water, under the ground moistening condition, harrow and loosen the soil, can broadcast sowing ready seed;
(3) the cultivation time
Utilize the cultivation of seawater soilless nutrient solution, witloof can carry out the anniversary and produce;
(4) seeding and seedling raising
(4.1) direct sowing and seedling
(4.1.1) seed treatment before the sowing
With the chicory seed salinity is 8.6 ‰ sea water immersion 6-8 hour, uses the outside mucus of flushing with clean water seed then, can rinse well in general 2-3 minute, again with gauze control dry seeds excessive moisture, airing 20-30 minute;
(4.1.2) direct sowing and seedling
Adopt the sowing of seed dressing method; According to being seeded in the booth seedbed of putting in order after seed and fine earth or the seed dressing of 1: 5 weight ratio of matrix, draw gently on the top layer one time with rake, impel seed and soil to combine closely, use the plastic mulching seedbed at last, after the witloof seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time, and is when temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling;
(4.2) Pregermination and seedling breeding
(4.2.1) seed treatment before the sowing
Be 8.6 ‰ sea water immersion 6-8 hour with the chicory seed salinity, use the outside mucus of flushing with clean water seed then, can rinse well in general 2-3 minute, again with gauze control dry seeds excessive moisture, be placed on 15 ℃-20 ℃ the interior vernalization of insulating box, each with the outside mucus of flushing with clean water seed once each 2-3 minute, gets final product when germination rate reaches 70%-75% sooner or later during the vernalization;
(4.2.2) Pregermination and seedling breeding
Adopt the sowing of seed dressing method, according to being seeded in the booth seedbed of putting in order after seed and fine earth or the seed dressing of 1: 5 weight ratio of matrix, after planting the top layer covers 0.8-1.0 centimetre fine earth or matrix, sprays an amount of clear water, uses the plastic mulching seedbed at last, after the witloof seedling reaches 5-7 centimetre high or 3-4 sheet true leaf, add seawater when replenishing moisture content, seawater salinity is controlled in 8.6 ‰, and seedling stage, the seawater pouring got final product for 1-2 time, when temperature of shed is higher than 25 ℃, aeration-cooling;
(5) field planting of transplanting seedlings
(5.1) transplant seedlings and prepare before the field planting
It is clean with the clear water cleaning down with all cultivation beds, cultivation cloth, nutrition liquid pool to transplant seedlings before the field planting, tans by the sun sterilization under the sun;
(5.2) field planting of transplanting seedlings
Witloof is spring and field planting after planting 30-35 days autumn and winter early, field planting in after planting 15-20 days summer, the rock wool mulch is adopted in the field planting of transplanting seedlings, the liquid method is protected in suction, before the field planting, at first need rock wool is cut into small pieces, with acid-base value is sour water immersion treatment 2-3 time repeatedly of 5.0-5.5, reduce the alkalescence of rock wool, be beneficial to the root growth of seedling, then the root of seedling is rinsed well, wrapped the root system of witloof again with the rock cotton bale after the immersion treatment, be positioned over shady and cool place after seedling is wrapped slow seedling 3-5 days, to delay the seedling replanting field planting to the cultivating groove behind the seedling at last, the field planting spacing in the rows is 28-33 centimetre, line-spacing is 35-40 centimetre;
(6) nutrient management
(6.1) concentration of nutrient solution management
The electrical conductivity concentration of witloof before 4 leaves is 2.2 milli Siemens/cm, and the electrical conductivity concentration of 4 leaves before 6 leaves is 2.8 milli Siemens/cm;
Witloof after the seedling field planting 7-15 days, adding salinity in vegetable nutrient liquid is the seawater of 25-27 ‰, add according to the ratio that contains 67 kilograms in seawater in the nutrient solution per ton, the seawater weight that contained in the nutrient solution per ton every 5-7 days strengthens 67 kilograms on original basis, finally reach the seawater weight that contains in the nutrient solution and account for 1/3 of gross weight;
(6.2) acid-base value of nutrient solution management
The nutrient solution acid-base value that the witloof growth is suitable for is between 5.5-6.5;
(6.3) supplies management of nutrient solution
Normal weather adopts 45 minutes method circulation feed flow of feed flow 25 minute, breath, and rainy weather is supplied 1-2 time every day;
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest
The witloof damage by disease and insect is few, add and use the fly net insect protected in the no native nutrient fluid cultivation process, so the anniversary long-term production does not worry taking place insect pest yet, and the disease resistance of witloof is extremely strong, as long as air permeability is good, humidity is controlled at 60-70%, extract the strong yellow leaf timely, reasonably adjust the just few disease that takes place of nutrient solution concentration, when special disease takes place, in time pull out diseased plant and prevent the pathogeny diffusion;
(8) gather
Witloof can carry out whole strain harvesting in 45-55 days after field planting; Also can shell leaf and gather, the stripping leaf was gathered after the field planting 40 days, and every 15-20 days stripping leaves are once shelled leaf 3-4 sheet at every turn, stay the 5-7 sheet to let alone to grow.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101292624B (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2010-07-21 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for soilless cultivation of salt resistant leafy vegetables by using sea water |
| CN105638403A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-08 | 舟山市农林科学研究院 | Seawater irrigation and simple medium culture technology for fast-growing Chinese cabbage |
| CN108432563A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-08-24 | 上海市园林科学规划研究院 | The seed propagation method of halophytes salt grass |
| CN108990784A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-12-14 | 富川凯邦农资经营部 | A kind of spinach soilless planting method |
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| RU2746803C1 (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-04-21 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" (ФГБНУ ФНЦО) | Method for stimulating increased seed germination |
| CN113287503A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-24 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for planting iced vegetables in seawater and application thereof |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101292624B (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2010-07-21 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for soilless cultivation of salt resistant leafy vegetables by using sea water |
| CN105638403A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-08 | 舟山市农林科学研究院 | Seawater irrigation and simple medium culture technology for fast-growing Chinese cabbage |
| CN108432563A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-08-24 | 上海市园林科学规划研究院 | The seed propagation method of halophytes salt grass |
| CN108990784A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-12-14 | 富川凯邦农资经营部 | A kind of spinach soilless planting method |
| CN110771485A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-11 | 丽水学院 | Dendrobium officinale cultivation method for rooting and promoting germination by tying trees |
| RU2746803C1 (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-04-21 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" (ФГБНУ ФНЦО) | Method for stimulating increased seed germination |
| CN112470909A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 微略信息科技(上海)有限公司 | Tidal hole tray irrigation seedling raising system and method |
| CN113287503A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-24 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for planting iced vegetables in seawater and application thereof |
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| CN100577000C (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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