CN1914983A - Protecting and nurturing epimedium, and normalized planting method - Google Patents
Protecting and nurturing epimedium, and normalized planting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for the protective culture and standardized growth of epimedium in order to obtained high yield includes such steps as obtaining seedlings by asexual or sexual reproduction, choosing the slightly acidic or alkaline soil rich in humic and organic substances, preparing soil from september to octomber, applying base fertilizer transplanting from october to march in next year, field management, and harvesting twice in a year from june to august and from nevember to february in next year by using sickle without damage to root.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of protecting and nurturing epimedium and normalized planting method, belong to medicinal material planting technology field.
Background technology: along with deepening continuously of barrenwort research; constantly find the new purposes of barrenwort; the medical value of barrenwort constantly is familiar with by people; with the barrenwort is that the main ingredient development product is constantly introduced to the market; demand aggravation to barrenwort medicine source; each pharmacy corporation is many in the medicine source of looking for barrenwort; to satisfy the production demand; dredge management owing to lack rational protection of resources and sustainable use; unordered rush-harvest occurs and excavate situation, the medicinal material purchase and sale present state out of control fully, and the manufacturer of purchase medicinal material does not add differentiation to acrial part and root mostly; grub out when common people gather and get, make the barrenwort resource be subjected to serious destruction.As the Leishan County, Guizhou Province, Epimedium wushanense is distribution in flakes in the past substantially, but has been difficult to see this situation now, only can see a small amount of plant of fragmentary distribution, and is troubling.The recovery of barrenwort wild resource is very slow, existing resource is implemented protection foster, and realize that further plantation will be the inevitable course.
Utilize wild resource to be still the main path that epimedium herb uses at present.Along with the great attention of country to the medicinal material production link, from 1999, domesticly carried out a large amount of barrenwort and introduced a fine variety the wild tame research work that becomes, sexual propagation and vegetative propagation are all achieved success under experiment condition at present, but realize that also there is certain difficulty in the extensive wild family that becomes, as have the sexual reproduction seedling and grew slow and make the plant cycle that obtains to grow up oversize, and vegetative reproduction coefficient is very low etc.Thereby by wild resource being implemented protection to foster the stable and controllable and the Sustainable utilization of resources that realize the barrenwort quality be the most feasible current barrenwort utilization of resources measure.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to: a kind of protecting and nurturing epimedium and normalized planting method are provided.The present invention is under the further investigation barrenwort grows the prerequisite of characteristic and suitable growth condition, carrying out breeding and plant and fostering on the basis of experimental of system, the methodological science of being formulated is reasonable, has realized the stable and controllable and the Sustainable utilization of resources of barrenwort quality.
The present invention is achieved in that protecting and nurturing epimedium and normalized planting method are undertaken by following step:
A, grow seedlings: adopt vegetative propagation or sexual propagation to obtain seedling;
B, choosing ground: select neutral meta-acid or inclined to one side slightly alkali, loosen, be rich in humus and organic loam or sandy loam; Soil layer is deep, fertile, and water conservation fertilizer is functional; And be the comparatively concentrated and in blocks place of wild barrenwort;
C, whole ground: 9～October whole ground, intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and ploughs deeply 20～30cm, mu 1000～3000kg fertilizer that applies fertilizer to the subsoil; The thin leveling of rake bedding, the wide 1.2m of furrow, high 20cm, operation road 30cm holds the drain ditch all around successfully between furrow, establishes the isolation strip between different cultivars;
D, transplant planting: the time is late October to next spring late March, adopts trench planting or nest to plant distance between rows and hills 20 * 20～25cm, dark 10～15cm, the every mu of amount of sowing 75～100kg, every mu 6000～8000 nest; Earth backing 5cm compresses, and root system is fully contacted with soil; Water sufficient normal root water after kind; Time from the lifting to the transplant planting is no more than 7 days;
E, field management: 1. fill the gaps with seedlings: after emerging next 2～March of spring, the seedling of checkmating, weak seedling, sick seedling are in time dialled and are removed, and select the cloudy day plantation of filling the gaps with seedlings; 2. scaffolding shades: the plot of no nature shading condition, and adopt scaffolding to shade, make illumination reach 2000～2300Lux; High canopy 1.8～2.0m, short canopy 1～2m; During underwood planting, branch is done suitably to prune, rationally regulate its light transmittance; 3. intertill and clean tillage: look careless feelings, soil moisture content, clean tillage in good time, chesson is removed weeds; Do not have the open ground of the condition of sheltering from heat or light, can utilize the shelter from heat or light condition of part top grass as the barrenwort seedling; 4. irrigate water drainage: irrigated in 1 month after emerging in good time; Fine 5～6 days continuously summer, manually water, water and sooner or later carrying out; Serious behind the excessive rain as excess surface water, the prevention against water-logging of in time digging trenches to drain the waterlogged fields; 5. topdress: in time imposed and carry seed manure in conjunction with irrigating, loosening the soil in one month after coming up: mu is executed people and animals' liquid dung or an amount of cake fertilizer that 1000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed; 6. winter management: dry branches and fallen leaves in the garden is removed, concentrated stack retting or burn; 7. the extermination of disease and insect pest: adopt the integrated pest control in agriculture method, improve the resistance of plant, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect;
F, gather: gather every year 2 times, for the first time June～August, for the second time November～February next year, extract, the strict control root of not gathering with reaping hook; After tapping 3～4 years continuously, 2～3 years spare time of wheel is to recover the population vigor; Harvesting back mu is executed 1000～3000kg fertilizer, replenishes the consumption of soil nutrient.
The barrenwort of gathering is in time removed impurity, is bundled into tuftlet, places dry the locating of shady and cool ventilation to dry in the shade or dry, and also can dry below 60 ℃.
Barrenwort of the present invention is meant Berberidaceae barrenwort Epimedium wushanense Epimedium wushanenseYing and coarse wool barrenwort Epimedium acuminatum Franch.
Asexual propagation material among the step a is seedling or its underground tool bud head rhizome of the band rhizome of Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort.
Asexual reproduction method is: select the cloudy day to excavate the healthy and strong plant of perennial wild Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort, that presses creeping underground stem gives birth to state and plant division of rudiment situation and classification naturally; Every strain band 2～3 seedlings or 1～2 bud cut off acrial part, stay long 5～10cm; Cut off long fibrous root, stay long 3～5cm; Remove withered branches and leaves, tie into standby the waiting of tuftlet and plant; When the rhizome Seedlings nursery of Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort is chosen seedling, but long when plant to 10～13cm lifting then, carry out seedling with aforementioned method again and handle the back for transplant planting.
Sexual propagation material among the step a is the artificial seedling of seed growing.
Sexual reproduction method is: the seed of gathering for 5～June, and connect infructescence and cut together, be put in indoor shady and cool dry place's threshing; Employing is hoted water treatment of seeds, and places under the room temperature, keeps seed humidity; The seed of handling is sowed in the humus soil seedbed, about earthing 1cm, often keeps native face moistening; Seedling is long during to 3～6cm, 1～2 true leaf of tool, and its lifting is heeled in heeling in the bed in cool canopy, selects the cloudy day by the density of 3 * 4cm and plants, and about depth of planting 2cm, and compresses root root is fully contacted with soil, and then water sufficient normal root water; As height of seedling 8～10cm, during 2～3 true leaves of tool, desirable seedling goes out the garden transplant planting.
Apply fertilizer to the subsoil can be in step c in conjunction with carrying out wholely, can plant in steps d also that time point is executed or ditch spread.
Fertilizer described in the step c is farmyard manure (people of becoming thoroughly decomposed fully or domestic animal urine excrement) or barnyard manure (comprise various livestocks urine excrement and stalk, fine earth, forage etc. macerate the mixture of system).
Among the step c choosing ground expose, during no shading condition, but intercropping long-stalked crop such as corn or other woody medicinal material; When selected base is hillside fields, virgin land, prescind weeds earlier, concentrate stack retting, stay tree and shrubs, and strict contour tillage.
Used fertilizer is compost, farmyard manure or people and animals' liquid dung among the step f.
Barrenwort is HERBA EPIMEDII, Epimedium again, is the acrial part of Berberidaceae Epimedium various plants, kidney-replenishing is arranged, strengthens the bone, the effect of wind-damp dispelling.Cure mainly impotence and seminal emission, flaccidity of extremities, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, numbness contracture, diseases such as climacteric hypertension.Tangible enhancing body immunity is arranged, strengthen coronary flow, promote plurality kinds of health care and the anti-ageing effects of waiting for a long time such as gonopoiesis and antibody generation.The Epimedium wushanense stem is thin, and is cylindrical, is about 30～80cm, surperficial yellow green or faint yellow.A trifoliolate leaf base life or stem are given birth to; 3 pieces on leaflet, lanceolar is to narrow lanceolar, tool handle, the blade keratin, long 9～23cm, wide 1.8～4.5cm, tip is point or long gradually point gradually, edge tool ratchet, base portion heart, the sliver deflection of the little leaf base of adnation, the inner edge sliver is little, circle, the outside sliver is big, triangle, gradually point, the surface does not have hair, and lower surface is by wool or bald matter.Scape is 2 pieces of opposite leaves.Odorless, mildly bitter flavor.Coarse wool barrenwort stem is thin, and is cylindrical, is about 20～55cm, surperficial pistac, tool gloss.A trifoliolate leaf; Vanelets is avette to ovum shape lanceolar, long 5～12cm, wide 3～6cm; Tip is point gradually; The shallow heart of terminal leaflet sheet base portion, both sides leaflet base portion base portion deflection, edge tool spinelet tooth.The upper surface green, the lower surface celadon is also close by tubbiness volt hair.The nearly keratin of blade.Odorless, mildly bitter flavor.
Barrenwort of the present invention grow characteristic and suitable growth conditional request: barrenwort is a shade plant, and the time of infertility, limit was avoided the sunlight direct projection.Its natural distribution is in the shrubbery on low, the middle mountain of height above sea level 450～2000m, sparse woods down or border, in the half cloudy environment.Epimedium wushanense is the same with other barrenworts with the coarse wool barrenwort, and dark and damp is the necessary condition of its growth, and the barrenwort of being born in Schattenseite obviously is better than tailo; The barrenwort of being born in the cheuch humus soil is tall and big sturdy.It is also relatively stricter to requirement of soil, with neutral meta-acid or slightly partially the abundant loam of alkali, loose, content humus, the content of organic matter or sandy loam for well.If soil compaction then is unfavorable for the barrenwort growth.
Epimedium wushanense must possess following natural conditions: 700～1100m above sea level, middle subtropical zone moist climate region, 15.0～16.0 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, 〉=10 ℃ accumulated temperature are 5000～5500 ℃, winter minimum temperature-5～9 ℃, annual rainfall 1300mm, 285 days frost-free seasons.Soil is yellow earth.Under sparse woods or in the border half shady wet environment, the abundant and shady wetland band of humus soil, economic fruit tree forest land and some woody medicinal material planting sites etc. also is suitable for the plantation of Epimedium wushanense.
The coarse wool barrenwort must possess following natural conditions: 300～1800m above sea level, the middle subtropical zone moist climate region, especially with the gentle humid region of 750～1300m above sea level for the most suitable.13.2～15.0 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, the coldest monthly mean temperature is 4～6 ℃, 23～25 ℃ of the hottest monthly mean temperatures, 〉=10 ℃ accumulated temperature are 4000～4500 ℃, annual rainfall 1300mm, 280 days frost-free seasons.Soil is yellow earth.The same Epimedium wushanense of planting environment.
The demonstration base that protection fosters half escaped species of Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort to plant also must be its wild comparatively concentrated and in blocks place, and be grow prolifically, the barrenwort group gesture that fruiting rate is high.In the suitable district of barrenwort, standardized planting and protection are fostered the most suitable, then easily obtain the epimedium herb of good quality and high output.
In addition; the applicant is an index components with general flavone glycoside and icariin; produced from Guizhou accumulation dynamic, different medicinal part, the different place of production of main effectively (index) composition of barrenwort (is representative with Epimedium wushanense, coarse wool barrenwort) is wild comforts the medicinal material content of plantation barrenwort with protection, and have carried out epimedium herb reasonable picking time, preliminary working method etc. the comparatively exploratory development of system.
One, the effectively dynamic change of (index) composition accumulation of barrenwort
(1) the effectively research of (index) composition accumulation dynamic
Since two thousand three, the applicant is that index components (" Chinese pharmacopoeia version in 2000) is studied the main effectively accumulation dynamic of (index) composition of barrenwort with barren wort total chromocor and icariin successively, determines to provide experimental basis for its reasonable collecting time.
The sample collection with handle a fixed month settled date, decide the people and fix a point to gather.Extract the barrenwort acrial part with reaping hook, shrug off the silt particle on the adventive root then, remove thick stalk and impurity, dry on the spot or dry in the shade, or be loaded on to transport back in the ventilative woven bag and dry or dry in the shade.Sampling quantity is 1～2kg (dry product).Sample is accredited as Berberidaceae plant Epimedium wushanense Epimedium wushanenese T.S.Ying or coarse wool barrenwort Epimedium acuminatum Franch. through professor He Shunzhi of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Get its sample respectively and carry out the content comparative analysis.
2. instrument and reagent high performance liquid chromatograph: Tianjin, island LC-2010HT, chromatographic column: enlightening horse C18 5um 4.6 * 250nm; Ultraviolet specrophotometer: Tianjin, island UV 2501; Analytical balance: 1,/10 ten thousand METTLRR TOLEDO AG135; The Elma ultrasonic cleaner.
Icariin reference substance (Nat'l Pharmaceutical ﹠ Biological Products Control Institute, lot number: 110737-200312 use for assay); Acetonitrile (chromatographically pure), methyl alcohol, 95% ethanol etc. are AR all, redistilled water.
3. detection method is according to " content determination detects under Chinese pharmacopoeia (version was an one in 2000) the barrenwort quality standard item.
4. the results are shown in Table 1, table 2.
Peach stockaded village, table 1 Leishan base Epimedium wushanense (acrial part) biological accumulation amount is investigated n=5 x ± s as a result
| Sampling time | Icariin content (%) | General flavone content (%) |
| January 26 | 0.11±0.01 | 8.56±0.01 |
| February 26 | 0.16±0.03 | 8.58±0.03 |
| March 26 | 0.18±0.02 | 9.11±0.01 |
| April 26 | 0.34±0.01 | 9.59±0.03 |
| May 26 | 0.41±0.04 | 9.86±0.02 |
| June 26 | 0.52±0.02 | 10.40±0.03 |
| July 26 | 0.49±0.03 | 10.03±0.02 |
| August 26 | 0.43±0.02 | 10.09±0.02 |
| September 26 | 0.38±0.04 | 9.74±0.03 |
| October 26 | 0.30±0.02 | 9.43±0.02 |
| November 26 | 0.24±0.03 | 9.42±0.03 |
| December 26 | 0.13±0.02 | 9.01±0.02 |
Table 2 base coarse wool barrenwort (acrial part) the biological accumulation amount of improving literature is investigated n=5 x ± s as a result
| Sampling time | Icariin content (%) | General flavone content (%) |
| January 26 | 0.16±0.02 | 5.13±0.01 |
| February 26 | 0.16±0.04 | 5.30±0.03 |
| March 26 | 0.22±0.01 | 5.34±0.03 |
| April 26 | 0.35±0.02 | 6.09±0.04 |
| May 26 | 0.48±0.02 | 6.46±0.02 |
| June 26 | 0.56±0.01 | 7.99±0.02 |
| July 26 | 0.50±0.03 | 5.73±0.03 |
| August 26 | 0.46±0.02 | 5.59±0.02 |
| September 26 | 0.38±0.02 | 5.42±0.03 |
| October 26 | 0.24±0.04 | 5.31±0.04 |
| November 26 | 0.24±0.03 | 5.15±0.02 |
| December 26 | 0.20±0.04 | 5.07±0.01 |
From above-mentioned experimental studies results as seen, there is similar variation tendency in main effectively (index) composition general flavone glycoside of barrenwort with icariin content, every year all with 1～April content lower, and with February content minimum; Be the phase of rising appreciably 5～June, with June content the highest, 7～December is on a declining curve.The epimedium active constituent of learning the standardized planting base from this research is relatively stable.
(2) florescence, fruit phase, the effectively research of (index) composition accumulation dynamic of fruit later stage barrenwort
1. a sample collection and a fixed month settled date of processing, decide people fixed point gather florescence, the fruit phase of wild Epimedium wushanense of Epimedium wushanense and the coarse wool barrenwort in base or different real estate and coarse wool barrenwort, the sample in fruit later stage, collecting method, preliminary working method are identified (one) together with species.Get its sample respectively and carry out the content comparative analysis.
2. detection method is with (one).
3. the results are shown in Table 3, table 4.
The different bases of table 3 Epimedium wushanense, coarse wool barrenwort (acrial part) Different Harvesting Time icariin,
The dynamic change n=5 x ± s of general flavone content
The wild Epimedium wushanense in the different places of production of table 4, coarse wool barrenwort (acrial part) Different Harvesting Time icariin,
The dynamic change n=5 x ± s of general flavone content
From above-mentioned experimental studies results as seen, also there is similar variation tendency in main effectively (index) composition general flavone glycoside of barrenwort with icariin content, be minimum all with florescence (3～May) content, the fruit (6～July phase, also be the with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion phase) be the phase of rising appreciably, fruit later stage (8～October) content is on a declining curve.This may there are differences with the accumulation of main effectively (index) component content of barrenwort different growing stages, different medicinal part and climatic factor etc. relevant, and no matter wild or protection fostered to the barrenwort of planting and all had similar effectively (index) component content cumulative change.Above result also shows, no matter wild or protection fostered and gathered should be with the fruit phase (with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion phase) time reasonable picking time of the barrenwort of planting and be advisable.It is wilder stable that but protection is fostered with the barrenwort content (because of determining of environment) in zone, planting base.Can learn also that from The above results wild barrenwort and the man epimedium active constituent of wild change do not have significant change.
Two, the difference of effective (index) composition of the different medicinal parts of barrenwort
The sample collection with handle a fixed month settled date, decide people fix a point to gather different real estate Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort herb.Preliminary working method and species are identified with above-mentioned one, (one).The sample of getting its root, stem, leaf respectively carries out the content comparative analysis.
2. detection method is with above-mentioned one, (one).
3. the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Epimedium wushanense, the different medicinal part icariin of coarse wool epimedium herb and determination of total flavonoids be n=5 x ± s as a result
From above-mentioned experimental studies results as seen, the general flavone of Folium Epimedii, icariin content are all higher; The general flavone of root, icariin content take second place; The general flavone content of stem, icariin content are minimum; This shows that also barrenwort is advisable with the with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion phase picking time.
Three, the different preliminary working methods of barrenwort are to the effectively influence of (index) component content
1. a sample collection and a fixed month settled date of processing (florescence, fruit phase, fruit later stage); decide people fixed point Epimedium wushanense, the coarse wool barrenwort acrial part that the base is fostered in the Epimedium wushanense protection of peach stockaded village, Leishan County, produce in the base of improving literature of gathering, dry in the shade, the preliminary working of different temperatures oven drying method.Species are identified same, (one).Get its sample respectively and carry out the content comparative analysis.
2. detection method same, ().
3. the results are shown in Table 6, table 7.
The different preliminary working of peach stockaded village, table 6 Leishan County base Epimedium wushanense medicinal material (fruit phase gather acrial part)
Method is to the n=5 that influences of icariin, general flavone content
| The preliminary working method | Icariin (%) | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Dry in the shade | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.57 |
| 40 ℃ of oven dry | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.57 |
| 60 ℃ of oven dry | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 0.52 |
The no significant difference in one-way analysis of variance result: P=0.995＞0.05
| The preliminary working method | General flavone content (%) | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Dry in the shade | 6.80 | 6.89 | 7.09 | 7.24 | 6.64 |
| 40 ℃ of oven dry | 7.43 | 7.48 | 7.92 | 7.62 | 7.36 |
| 60 ℃ of oven dry | 6.73 | 6.41 | 6.29 | 6.42 | 7.06 |
The no significant difference in one-way analysis of variance result: P=0.999＞0.05
From above-mentioned experimental studies results as seen, Epimedium wushanense, the coarse wool barrenwort of barrenwort (acrial part) preliminary working, higher with the icariin content of method of making herbs dry gradually in the shade, 40 ℃ of oven drying methods, 60 ℃ of oven drying methods are lower; Dry in the shade or dry the equal indifference of barren wort total chromocor content of preliminary working.The above results shows, when the barrenwort preliminary working is dry to dry in the shade or low temperature drying below 60 ℃ is advisable.
According to above-mentioned data and conclusion; according to " traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation (GAP) " guideline and traditional Chinese medicine GAP product standard; the applicant has formulated protecting and nurturing epimedium and normalized planting method and technology, is applicable to the construction in nuisanceless protecting and nurturing epimedium of high-quality and standardized planting base.
Compared with prior art, protecting and nurturing epimedium provided by the present invention and normalized planting method are scientific and reasonable, implement by this method, and living plant individual plant can be received medicinal material 25g in general 2 years, every mu of (400m
2) calculate with 8000 strains, every mu can reach 200kg; The every strain of life in 4 years can be received more than the medicinal material 31g, and every mu can reach more than the 250kg.
In the wild region-by-region of barrenwort, the zone of existing barrenwort growth only accounts for the 20-60% in territory, normal region, and the method for fostering provided by the present invention is fostered by rejecting weeds, can make the regional output of weed competition growth improve 10%; The area of seedling abundance is according to the kind method for planting that replenishes seedling, and foster every year continuously, can make this area's annual production fostering enforcement to play increase output in back 4 years, increases year by year later on.
In a word, the present invention by the protection of barrenwort wild resource is fostered the stable and controllable that realized the barrenwort quality and resource fully, rationally, sustainable use.
Embodiment:
Embodiments of the invention 1: the protection of barrenwort is fostered with normalized planting method and is undertaken by following step:
A, grow seedlings: adopt vegetative propagation to obtain seedling.Propagating materials is seedling or its underground tool bud head rhizome of the band rhizome of Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort.Propagation method is: select the cloudy day to excavate the healthy and strong plant of perennial wild Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort, that presses creeping underground stem gives birth to state and plant division of rudiment situation and classification naturally; Every strain band 2～3 seedlings or 1～2 bud cut off acrial part, stay long 5～10cm; Cut off long fibrous root, stay long 3～5cm; Remove withered branches and leaves, tie into standby the waiting of tuftlet and plant.In the plant division process, the development condition that should look every strain underground rhizome carries out plant division, can not divide by force, in order to avoid hinder root, otherwise be unfavorable for the sprouting of seedling plant.When the rhizome Seedlings nursery of Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort is chosen seedling, but long when plant to 10～13cm lifting then, carry out seedling with aforementioned method again and handle the back for transplant planting; Stay a little less than selected seedling should be accomplished by force, preventing or cure a disease, it is strong to stay.
B, choosing ground: select neutral meta-acid, loosen, be rich in humus and organic loam; Soil layer is deep, fertile, and water conservation fertilizer is functional; And be the place that is suitable for wild barrenwort growth.
C, whole ground: 9～October whole ground, intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and ploughs deeply 20～30cm, and in conjunction with whole ground, the mu 1000～3000kg farmyard manure (people of becoming thoroughly decomposed fully or domestic animal urine excrement) that applies fertilizer to the subsoil is to quicken the slaking of fostering and apply fertilizer of soil; The thin leveling of rake bedding, the wide 1.2m of furrow, high 20cm, operation road 30cm holds the drain ditch all around successfully between furrow, establishes the isolation strip between different cultivars.If choosing ground exposes, during no shading condition, but intercropping long-stalked crop such as corn or other woody medicinal material are the dark and damp condition of barrenwort growth creation; When selected base is hillside fields, virgin land, prescind weeds earlier, concentrate stack retting, stay tree and shrubs, to make shading condition.Strict contour tillage during farming.
D, transplant planting: late October is to next spring late March, transplant planting when the underground stem tuber of Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort is in nearly rudiment.Adopt trench planting, distance between rows and hills 20 * 20～25cm, dark 10～15cm, the every mu of amount of sowing 75～100kg, every mu 6000～8000 nest.Its root system should be stretched during field planting, in order to avoid " at all " influences the stretching, extension of root and the sprouting of sub-bud.Earth backing 5cm compresses, and root system is fully contacted with soil, is beneficial to sprout.Water sufficient normal root water after kind.Time from the lifting to the transplant planting is no more than 7 days, and seedling is adopted Hui Houru and can not in time be handled and transplant planting, should heel in or be put in dark and damp place and preserve.
E, field management: 1. fill the gaps with seedlings: after emerging next 2～March of spring, the seedling of checkmating, weak seedling, sick seedling are in time dialled and are removed, and select the cloudy day plantation of filling the gaps with seedlings.2. scaffolding shades: the plot of no nature shading condition, and adopt scaffolding to shade, make illumination reach 2000～2300Lux; High canopy 1.8～2.0m, short canopy 1～2m.During underwood planting, branch is done suitably to prune, rationally regulate its light transmittance.3. intertill and clean tillage: look careless feelings, soil moisture content, clean tillage in good time, chesson is removed weeds.Do not have the open ground of the condition of sheltering from heat or light, can utilize the shelter from heat or light condition of part top grass as the barrenwort seedling.4. irrigate water drainage: 1 month after emerging is the critical period that promotes the seedling growth, should irrigate in good time; Some droughts can cause barrenwort growth retardation or dead seedling, will manually water fine 5～6 days continuously summer, water and are sooner or later carrying out.The soil in karst zone is least drought-enduring, and the number of times that waters is some more, and the clayey soil water retention capacity is stronger, can reduce the number of times that waters.Serious behind the excessive rain as excess surface water, the prevention against water-logging of in time digging trenches to drain the waterlogged fields.5. topdress: in time imposed and carry seed manure in conjunction with irrigating, loosening the soil in one month after coming up: mu is executed people and animals' liquid dung or an amount of cake fertilizer that 1000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed.6. winter management: dry branches and fallen leaves in the garden is removed, concentrated stack retting or burn, to reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect.7. the extermination of disease and insect pest: adopt the integrated pest control in agriculture method, improve the resistance of plant, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect.
F, gather: gather every year 2 times, for the first time June～August, for the second time November～February next year, extract, the strict control root of not gathering with reaping hook; After tapping 3～4 years continuously, 2～3 years spare time of wheel is to recover the population vigor.Harvesting back mu is executed 1000～3000kg fertilizer (compost and people and animals' liquid dung), replenishes the consumption of soil nutrient.
The barrenwort of gathering is in time removed impurity, is bundled into tuftlet, places dry the locating of shady and cool ventilation to dry in the shade or dry.
Embodiments of the invention 2: the protection of barrenwort is fostered with normalized planting method and can be undertaken by following step:
A, grow seedlings: adopt sexual propagation to obtain seedling.Propagating materials is the artificial seedling of seed growing.Propagation method is: the seed of gathering for 5～June, and connect infructescence and cut together, be put in indoor shady and cool dry place's threshing; Employing is hoted water treatment of seeds, and places under the room temperature, keeps seed humidity; The seed of handling is sowed in the humus soil seedbed, about earthing 1cm, often keeps native face moistening; Seedling is long during to 3～6cm, 1～2 true leaf of tool, and its lifting is heeled in heeling in the bed in cool canopy, selects the cloudy day by the density of 3 * 4cm and plants, and about depth of planting 2cm, and compresses root root is fully contacted with soil, and then water sufficient normal root water; As height of seedling 8～10cm, during 2～3 true leaves of tool, desirable seedling goes out the garden transplant planting.
B, choosing ground: select neutral alkali slightly partially, loosen, be rich in humus and organic sandy loam; Soil layer is deep, fertile, and water conservation fertilizer is functional; And be the place that is suitable for wild barrenwort growth.
C, whole ground: 9～October, intensive cultivation was carefully harrowed, and ploughs deeply 20～30cm wholely, and base fertilizer is executed or ditch spread at the plantation time point; The thin leveling of rake bedding, the wide 1.2m of furrow, high 20cm, operation road 30cm holds the drain ditch all around successfully between furrow, establishes the isolation strip between different cultivars.If choosing ground exposes, during no shading condition, but intercropping long-stalked crop such as corn or other woody medicinal material are the dark and damp condition of barrenwort growth creation; When selected base is hillside fields, virgin land, prescind weeds earlier, concentrate stack retting, stay tree and shrubs, to make shading condition.Strict contour tillage during farming.
D, transplant planting: late October gets seedling successively and goes out the garden transplant planting to next spring late March.The employing nest is planted, distance between rows and hills 20 * 20～25cm, dark 10～15cm, the every mu of amount of sowing 75～100kg, every mu 6000～8000 nest, every mu of 1000～3000kg barnyard manure that applies fertilizer to the subsoil (comprise various livestocks urine excrement and stalk, fine earth, forage etc. macerate the mixture of system).If fertilizer adopts point to execute, should fully mix fertilizer and soil thoroughly the back plantation during plantation, must guard against plant is directly planted on fertilizer.Its root system should be stretched during field planting, in order to avoid " at all " influences the stretching, extension of root and the sprouting of sub-bud.Earth backing 5cm compresses, and root system is fully contacted with soil, is beneficial to sprout.Water sufficient normal root water after kind.Time from the lifting to the transplant planting is no more than 7 days, and seedling should be heeled in or be put in dark and damp place and preserve as can not in time handling and transplant planting.
E, field management: 1. fill the gaps with seedlings: after emerging next 2～March of spring, the seedling of checkmating, weak seedling, sick seedling are in time dialled and are removed, and select the cloudy day plantation of filling the gaps with seedlings.2. scaffolding shades: the plot of no nature shading condition, and adopt scaffolding to shade, make illumination reach 2000～2300Lux; High canopy 1.8～2.0m, short canopy 1～2m; During underwood planting, branch is done suitably to prune, rationally regulate its light transmittance.3. intertill and clean tillage: look careless feelings, soil moisture content, clean tillage in good time, chesson is removed weeds.Do not have the open ground of the condition of sheltering from heat or light, can utilize the shelter from heat or light condition of part top grass as the barrenwort seedling.4. irrigate water drainage: 1 month after emerging is the critical period that promotes the seedling growth, should irrigate in good time; Some droughts can cause barrenwort growth retardation or dead seedling, will manually water fine 5～6 days continuously summer, water and are sooner or later carrying out.The soil in karst zone is least drought-enduring, and the number of times that waters is some more, and the clayey soil water retention capacity is stronger, can reduce the number of times that waters.Serious behind the excessive rain as excess surface water, the prevention against water-logging of in time digging trenches to drain the waterlogged fields.5. topdress: in time imposed and carry seed manure in conjunction with irrigating, loosening the soil in one month after coming up: mu is executed people and animals' liquid dung or an amount of cake fertilizer that 1000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed.6. winter management: dry branches and fallen leaves in the garden is removed, concentrated stack retting or burn, to reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect.7. the extermination of disease and insect pest: adopt the integrated pest control in agriculture method, improve the resistance of plant, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect.
F, gather: gather every year 2 times, for the first time June～August, for the second time November～February next year, extract, the strict control root of not gathering with reaping hook; After tapping 3～4 years continuously, 2～3 years spare time of wheel is to recover the population vigor.Harvesting back mu is executed 1000～3000kg fertilizer (farmyard manure), replenishes the consumption of soil nutrient.
The barrenwort of gathering is in time removed impurity, is bundled into tuftlet, in oven dry below 60 ℃.
The described barrenwort of above embodiment is meant Berberidaceae barrenwort Epimedium wushanense Epimedium wushanenseYing and coarse wool barrenwort Epimedium acuminatum Franch.
Claims (10)
1. protecting and nurturing epimedium and normalized planting method is characterized in that: plant by following step:
A, grow seedlings: adopt vegetative propagation or sexual propagation to obtain seedling;
B, choosing ground: select neutral meta-acid or inclined to one side slightly alkali, loosen, be rich in humus and organic loam or sandy loam; Soil layer is deep, fertile, and water conservation fertilizer is functional; And be the comparatively concentrated and in blocks place of wild barrenwort;
C, whole ground: 9～October whole ground, intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and ploughs deeply 20～30cm, mu 1000～3000kg fertilizer that applies fertilizer to the subsoil; The thin leveling of rake bedding, the wide 1.2m of furrow, high 20cm, operation road 30cm holds the drain ditch all around successfully between furrow, establishes the isolation strip between different cultivars;
D, transplant planting: the time is late October to next spring late March, adopts trench planting or nest to plant distance between rows and hills 20 * 20～25cm, dark 10～15cm, the every mu of amount of sowing 75～100kg, every mu 6000～8000 nest; Earth backing 5cm compresses, and root system is fully contacted with soil; Water sufficient normal root water after kind; Time from the lifting to the transplant planting is no more than 7 days;
E, field management: 1. fill the gaps with seedlings: after emerging next 2～March of spring, the seedling of checkmating, weak seedling, sick seedling are in time dialled and are removed, and select the cloudy day plantation of filling the gaps with seedlings; 2. scaffolding shades: the plot of no nature shading condition, and adopt scaffolding to shade, make illumination reach 2000～2300Lux; High canopy 1.8～2.0m, short canopy 1～2m; During underwood planting, branch is done suitably to prune, rationally regulate its light transmittance; 3. intertill and clean tillage: look careless feelings, soil moisture content, clean tillage in good time, chesson is removed weeds; Do not have the open ground of the condition of sheltering from heat or light, can utilize the shelter from heat or light condition of part top grass as the barrenwort seedling; 4. irrigate water drainage: irrigated in 1 month after emerging in good time; Fine 5～6 days continuously summer, manually water, water and sooner or later carrying out; Serious behind the excessive rain as excess surface water, the prevention against water-logging of in time digging trenches to drain the waterlogged fields; 5. topdress: in time imposed and carry seed manure in conjunction with irrigating, loosening the soil in one month after coming up: mu is executed people and animals' liquid dung or an amount of cake fertilizer that 1000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed; 6. winter management: dry branches and fallen leaves in the garden is removed, concentrated stack retting or burn; 7. the extermination of disease and insect pest: adopt the integrated pest control in agriculture method, improve the resistance of plant, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect;
F, gather: gather every year 2 times, for the first time June～August, for the second time November～February next year, extract, the strict control root of not gathering with reaping hook; After tapping 3～4 years continuously, not busy 2～3 years of wheel; Harvesting back mu is executed 1000～3000kg fertilizer, replenishes the consumption of soil nutrient.
2. according to described protecting and nurturing epimedium of claim 1 and normalized planting method, it is characterized in that: described barrenwort is meant Berberidaceae barrenwort Epimedium wushanense Epimedium wushanense Ying and coarse wool barrenwort Epimedium acuminatum Franch.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described protecting and nurturing epimedium and normalized planting methods, it is characterized in that: the asexual propagation material among the step a is seedling or its underground tool bud head rhizome of the band rhizome of Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 described protecting and nurturing epimedium and normalized planting methods, it is characterized in that: the asexual reproduction method among the step a is: select the cloudy day to excavate the healthy and strong plant of perennial wild Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort, that presses creeping underground stem gives birth to state and plant division of rudiment situation and classification naturally; Every strain band 2～3 seedlings or 1～2 bud cut off acrial part, stay long 5～10cm; Cut off long fibrous root, stay long 3～5cm; Remove withered branches and leaves, tie into standby the waiting of tuftlet and plant; When the rhizome Seedlings nursery of Epimedium wushanense or coarse wool barrenwort is chosen seedling, but long when plant to 10～13cm lifting then, carry out seedling with aforementioned method again and handle the back for transplant planting.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 described protecting and nurturing epimedium and normalized planting methods, it is characterized in that: the sexual propagation material among the step a is the artificial seedling of seed growing.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 described protecting and nurturing epimedium and normalized planting methods, it is characterized in that: the sexual reproduction method among the step a is: the seed of gathering for 5～June, and connect infructescence and cut together, be put in indoor shady and cool dry place's threshing; Employing is hoted water treatment of seeds, and places under the room temperature, keeps seed humidity; The seed of handling is sowed in the humus soil seedbed, about earthing 1cm, often keeps native face moistening; Seedling is long during to 3～6cm, 1～2 true leaf of tool, and its lifting is heeled in heeling in the bed in cool canopy, selects the cloudy day by the density of 3 * 4cm and plants, and about depth of planting 2cm, and compresses root root is fully contacted with soil, and then water sufficient normal root water; As height of seedling 8～10cm, during 2～3 true leaves of tool, desirable seedling goes out the garden transplant planting.
7. according to described protecting and nurturing epimedium of claim 1 and normalized planting method, it is characterized in that: apply fertilizer to the subsoil can be in step c in conjunction with carrying out wholely, can plant in steps d also that time point is executed or ditch spread.
8. according to described protecting and nurturing epimedium of claim 1 and normalized planting method, it is characterized in that: fertilizer described in the step c is farmyard manure or barnyard manure.
9. according to described protecting and nurturing epimedium of claim 1 and normalized planting method, it is characterized in that: among the step c choosing ground expose, during no shading condition, but intercropping long-stalked crop such as corn or other woody medicinal material; When selected base is hillside fields, virgin land, prescind weeds earlier, concentrate stack retting, stay tree and shrubs, and strict contour tillage.
10. according to described protecting and nurturing epimedium of claim 1 and normalized planting method, it is characterized in that: used fertilizer is compost, farmyard manure or people and animals' liquid dung among the step f.
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| CN101878710A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2010-11-10 | 新疆林业科学院 | Method for supplementing water to date trees in date-cotton intercropping system |
| CN102057776A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-05-18 | 南京农业大学 | Method for breaking dormancy of epimedium wushanense seeds |
| CN103190278A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-07-10 | 范惠明 | Method for domesticizing wild atractylodes japonica in Changbai Mountains |
| CN104904467A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-16 | 北京珅奥基医药科技有限公司 | Epimedium planting method |
| CN104904466A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-16 | 北京珅奥基医药科技有限公司 | Planting method for herba epimedii |
| CN107371738A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-24 | 江苏奥沃思特生物科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Epimedium sagittatum |
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| CN111820083A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-27 | 国药集团同济堂（贵州）制药有限公司 | Seedling growing method of epimedium |
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| CN101878710A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2010-11-10 | 新疆林业科学院 | Method for supplementing water to date trees in date-cotton intercropping system |
| CN101878710B (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2012-03-28 | 新疆林业科学院 | Method for supplementing water to date trees in date-cotton intercropping system |
| CN102057776A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-05-18 | 南京农业大学 | Method for breaking dormancy of epimedium wushanense seeds |
| CN102057776B (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-06-20 | 南京农业大学 | Method for breaking dormancy of epimedium wushanense seeds |
| CN103190278A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-07-10 | 范惠明 | Method for domesticizing wild atractylodes japonica in Changbai Mountains |
| CN103190278B (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2015-04-15 | 范惠明 | Method for domesticizing wild atractylodes japonica in Changbai Mountains |
| CN104904467A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-16 | 北京珅奥基医药科技有限公司 | Epimedium planting method |
| CN104904466A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-16 | 北京珅奥基医药科技有限公司 | Planting method for herba epimedii |
| CN107371738A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-24 | 江苏奥沃思特生物科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Epimedium sagittatum |
| CN109452098A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-12 | 汉中天然谷生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of imitating wild planting process of Herba Epimedii |
| CN111357574A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-03 | 国药集团同济堂（贵州）制药有限公司 | High-yield planting method of Epimedium sagittatum |
| CN111820083A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-27 | 国药集团同济堂（贵州）制药有限公司 | Seedling growing method of epimedium |
| CN111149702A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-15 | 通化师范学院 | Rapid propagation method of root segment induced buds of Korean epimedium herb |
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