CN103329721B - Method for three-dimensionally cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii-salvia miltiorrhiza - Google Patents
Method for three-dimensionally cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii-salvia miltiorrhiza Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for three-dimensionally cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii-salvia miltiorrhiza. The method comprises the following steps: in April, biennial or triennial trichosanthes kirilowii tuberous roots are selected and planted in a large field after being cut into chunks and processed; after trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings emerge, a shed is built according to the growing gaps of the trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings, the trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings are guided to the shed to climb shelves, and meanwhile, pruning and trimming are conducted on the trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings; from June to July, salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are collected, salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings are cultivated below the shed and the shelves of the trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings, and normal field management is conducted after the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings emerge; in November, trichosanthes kirilowii is harvested; in next March, the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings are harvested and transplanted to the large field. The method for three-dimensionally cultivating the trichosanthes kirilowii-salvia miltiorrhiza has the advantages that the pattern of cultivating the trichosanthes kirilowii is beneficial to increasing the output of the trichosanthes kirilowii, enlarges an effective photosynthetic area, increases the ventilation among trichosanthes kirilowii plants, and lowers the probability of germ infection; an overshadowed field formed by building the shed for the trichosanthes kirilowii is beneficial to the growth and development of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings; the planting system in the method can effectively increase the land utilization rate and increase the income for medicinal herb growers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stereo cultivation method of snakegourd-red sage root, belong to the field of agricultural cultivation of new and high technology.
Background technology
Snakegourd and the red sage root are Shandong genunie medicinal materials, wherein snakegourd (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim) is the perennial prehensile liane of one of Curcurbitaceae snake gourd, have kind more than 80, its fruit, seed and root etc. are traditional Chinese medicine, in addition good health-care effect is also had, therefore, snakegourd has very high comprehensive exploitation value.The red sage root is the dry root and rhizome of the Lamiaceae Salvia platymiscium red sage root (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), and its active ingredient is fat-soluble phenanthrenequione analog derivative and water miscible liposoluble ingredient.The former has the effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiatherosclerosis, and the latter's Main Function is anti-oxidant, anti-liver injury, protection cardiac muscle etc.
Snakegourd growth requires not strict to soil, but culture technique exists very large impact to the seed output and quality of snakegourd.At present, Shandong snakegourd is primarily of Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households, fragmentary distribution, Main Cultivation pattern is built formula, although this mode is invested less, because planting density is larger, daylighting effect is bad, thus cause snakegourd output not high, and make snakegourd grow black rot in harvest time because ventilation effect is not good and rot, therefore built pattern is not suitable for the cultivation of large-area snakegourd.The red sage root is as the large traditional Chinese medicine of China and Shandong genunie medicinal materials, and its consumption goes up year by year, and the cultivation of the current red sage root is mainly by seedling raising and transplanting plantation.Snakegourd and red sage root intercropping can make full use of land resources, and the frame that snakegourd is built at growing period can provide shading shed for red sage root seedling growth, meet red sage root seedling stage to the requirement of shady and cool environmental condition.
Through finding the literature search of prior art, Zhang Yongdi is at " Agriculture of Anhui science " (Vol.35, No.19,2007,5734,5771) delivered " effect of Snakegourd Fruit highly effective stereo cultivating and technology ", research adopts the cropping pattern of " Snakegourd Fruit (ginger)-winter vegetable ", land utilization rate can improve more than 30%, meanwhile, by improving Snakegourd Fruit garden microclimate environment, increase the diversity of the ecosystem, maintain the ecological balance, play the effect improving Snakegourd Fruit yield and quality, increase income.Liao Huajun is at " Anhui agronomy circular " (Vol.13, No.13,2007,99 ~ 100) " technical research of snakegourd intercropping ginger tridimensional high-efficient cultivation " has been delivered, the production studied in conjunction with snakegourd intercropping ginger is actual, the many-sides such as the seed selection from snakegourd, ginger, the supporting crucial cultivation management technology in field to soil and fertilizer requirement, vertical cultivation and results have carried out detailed overview, serve good action for improving agricultural performance.Wishing founds the state has delivered " snakegourd high-yield high-grade culture technique " in " modern agriculture science and technology " (No.4,2009,54), studies in conjunction with Yuexi local actual, from selection of land, to select kind, the aspect such as site preparation and fertilization, summarize snakegourd high-yield high-grade culture technique.Wu Peiying is at " modern agriculture science and technology " (No.8,2010,94,104) " snakegourd and wheat, interplanting corn technology " has been delivered, set forth the advantage of snakegourd and wheat, interplanting corn, introduce the culture technique of snakegourd, comprise implantation methods, manage the contents such as climing final singling, water and fertilizer management, raising fruit-setting rate, the extermination of disease and insect pest, timely collecting, final-period management.
There is following defect or deficiency in above-mentioned technology: the first, and the above snakegourd stereo cultivation technology is intercropping between snakegourd and vegetables or cereal crops, interplanting, and cost of investment is comparatively large, the time is longer, takes in not high; Second, cloudy carded sliver part is generally needed with the plant of snakegourd intercropping, less demanding to light, and vegetables and cereal crops must meet certain illumination condition just can certain output and nutrition organs, and the condition of sheltering from heat or light of snakegourd frame will inevitably affect the output of vegetables and grain; 3rd, snakegourd growth must meet certain illumination and ventilation, condition of breathing freely, and moist environment easily makes snakegourd produce black rot and insect pest, and the interplanting therefore and between cereal crops is unfavorable for the growth of snakegourd.So, along with the continuous rising of Shandong snakegourd cultivated area, in the urgent need to researching and developing a kind of implantation methods of large-scale promotion, growing on impregnable basis meeting snakegourd, increasing the income at plantation family as far as possible, promote economy, social harmonious development.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art; the present invention with two, Shandong genunie medicinal materials for object; for snakegourd Growing Characters and Shandong weather, environmental quality; explore the optimal mode being applicable to Shandong snakegourd large area standardized cultivation; simultaneously in conjunction with the feature of red sage root nursery; the three-dimensional planting mode of snakegourd and red sage root nursery is studied; result will promote scale and the standardized planting development of snakegourd, the red sage root; save the area simultaneously; drive the structural readjustment of rural industry, in the specialty economies of Development area, play very positive impetus.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of snakegourd-red sage root stereo cultivation method, method is as follows: in April, selects 2 ~ 3 years raw snakegourd block roots, field planting after segment process, put up a shed according to snakegourd plantation gap after emerging, and it is added to draw rattan to snakegourd seedling, carries out snakegourd branch-finishing and pruning simultaneously; In 6 ~ July, gather salvia seeds, under snakegourd frame, carry out nursery, after emerging, carry out normal field management; To gather November snakegourd; Red sage root seedling of gathering March in next year is also transplanted to land for growing field crops.Adopt culture technique of the present invention, snakegourd canopy can provide the shady and cool environment required for red sage root growth of seedling, and whole three-dimensional planting mode is ventilative, and daylighting is good, and snakegourd damage by disease and insect, epidemic disease reduce, and red sage root planting percent is high.
Further, described selection snakegourd block root, the mode of cutting off process are: selects life in 2 ~ 3 years, robust growth, radices trichosanthis block without damage by disease and insect, staminiferous plant ratio less than 10%, be cut into and grow the long segment of 5 ~ 10cm, otch dips after ash slightly dries and plant.
Further, described snakegourd planting system for: at the beginning of 4 months, with the line-spacing ditching of 1.5m on whole good plot, furrow width 35cm, dark 10cm, by the snakegourd rhizome chosen with the field planting in ditch of the spacing in the rows of 1m, kept flat by rhizome during field planting, earthing 3cm ~ 5cm, pours water in ditch after field planting, after 1 day, snakegourd is planted ditch to fill and lead up, and at upper earthing 10cm, do ridge, upper strata covers white mulch film, so that heat and moisture preserving, promote that root block is sprouted; Push overburden soil inspection after 20 days aside to emerge situation, after emerging, film is removed.
Further, the scaffolding mode of described snakegourd is: after snakegourd is emerged, carry out scaffolding management immediately, select the concrete column of 10cm × 10cm × 250cm, it be embedded between the snakegourd plant of same ridge according to the spacing of 2m, it is dark that 0.5m is imbedded in underground, high 2m on the ground, each concrete column top connects in netted with No. 10 steel wires in length and breadth, and steel wire two is fixed on periphery concrete column underground, has drawn diagonal brace to fix periphery concrete column simultaneously; After body frame is accomplished fluently, selection aperture is that the nylon wire of 20cm is covered in steel wire top, fixes above periphery and concrete column; When snakegourd is emerged and grown to 0.3 ~ 0.5m, at snakegourd plant side oblique cutting one bamboo pole, with nylon rope, bamboo pole is connected with upper nylon mesh, snakegourd seedling is drawn simultaneously and receive on nylon rope, be convenient to it and climb climing upper canopy.
Further, the branch-finishing and pruning mode of described snakegourd is: snakegourd is pruned after emerging in time, and base portion stays 2 major branches; During the branch added 1.5m of growing to, pinching is pinched, and extract growth overstocked and thin and delicate branch, water sprout etc. in time, axillalry bud below the unnecessary weak seedling of root, frame face on tendril will be erased in time, and the armpit branch grown again between the armpit of having born fruit mostly is fruitless invalid branch, is all thinning out; The branch on frame top is distributed according to different directions simultaneously, prevent branch overlapping, affect photosynthesis of plant; After 2nd year, only stay a healthy and strong stem, stem grows to about 2.5m and to pinch broken end, to promote collateral generation, will cut off some little ends of the branch, Lao Ye and repeatedly branch in process of growth in time simultaneously; Extract side shoot, bud after snakegourd results, so that nutrient accumulation, be beneficial to the growth of Second Year snakegourd.
Further, the seedling raising manners of the described red sage root is: the seed gathering in the crops the red sage root seedling field June, admixes in the furrow that fine sand is sprinkled between snakegourd ridge after screening, furrow are irrigated in advance, seeding quantity is every mu of 0.5kg seed, and after planting upper strata covers one deck fine earth, is advisable to lose seed; Soil temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, 15d ~ 20d is emerged.Red sage root seedling likes the moon early stage, and 7 ~ October, snakegourd canopy well can play effect of sheltering from heat or light, 10 ~ November of later stage, and snakegourd rattan dries up, and the red sage root can be made to carry out photosynthesis smoothly, carry out Carbohydrate Accumulation, promotes root system development.Red sage root seedling had during 3 ~ 4 pairs of blades and can transplant 3 ~ April of next year, the strain of per mu yield red sage root seedling 300,000.
Snake gourd Yushan Hill east genunie medicinal materials, there is longer cultivation history, and traditional cultivation mode is built formula, planting density is large, and kind unicity is strong, and the present invention breaks Shandong real estate snakegourd traditional cultivation pattern, create snakegourd shed frame type cultivation means, cultivated with snakegourd by the seedling growing process of another kind of for Shandong genunie medicinal materials-red sage root simultaneously and combine, the snakegourd-red sage root vertical cultivation system of invention, has following characteristic: one: two Plants all belongs to Chinese medicinal plant.Two: the field production problem simultaneously solving two kinds of medicinal materials according to the habit of growth of two Plants and medicinal material demand, improve the output of snakegourd and red sage root seedling simultaneously, meet traditional Chinese medicine GAP management regulation.Three: the solution snakegourd airing time is long, processes skimble-scamble problem, meets traditional Chinese medicine GMP management regulation.Compared with prior art, there is following useful effect: in the present invention, the planting type of snakegourd is conducive to the formation of its output, improve effective photosynthetic area, increase the gas permeability between snakegourd plant, reduce germina infection probability; Be conducive to the red sage root seedling g and D with sheltering from heat or light that snakegourd built is formed, the red sage root seedlings root of cultivating with the present invention is flourishing, and growing way is good, plants and just can excavate for 1 year.Planting system of the present invention effectively can improve land utilization rate, and increase medicinal herb grower's income, the per mu yield of snakegourd fresh fruit increases income 1000kg, and red sage root seedling can per mu yield 300kg(fresh weight).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: snakegourd plantation schematic diagram.
Fig. 2: vertical cultivation schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
The stereo cultivation technology of embodiment 1 snakegourd-red sage root
Step is as follows:
(1) selection of land and whole the plot selecting soil layer deep, fertile.With whole ground epipodium base manure, base manure is based on fertilizer, and every mu applies fertilizer 2500 ~ 3000kg, phosphate fertilizer 30 ~ 50kg, potash fertilizer 15kg.
(2) life in 2 years is selected in the selection of snakegourd kind root, robust growth, radices trichosanthis block without damage by disease and insect, staminiferous plant ratio less than 10%, is cut into the long segment of long 5 ~ 10cm, slightly dries after otch dips ash.
(3) snakegourd field planting is at the beginning of 4 months, with the line-spacing ditching of 1.5m on whole good plot, furrow width 35cm, dark 10cm, by the snakegourd rhizome chosen with the field planting in ditch of the spacing in the rows of 1m, kept flat by rhizome during field planting, earthing 3cm ~ 5cm, pours water in ditch after field planting, after 1 day, snakegourd is planted ditch to fill and lead up, and at upper earthing 10cm, do ridge, as shown in Figure 1.Upper strata covers white mulch film, so that heat and moisture preserving, promotes that root block is sprouted.Push overburden soil inspection after 20 days aside to emerge situation, after emerging, film is removed.
(4), when urging seedling and intertill and clean tillage snakegourd seedling to grow to 15cm ~ 20cm, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields urea 25kg, and waters in time; Or attacking a vital point apart from snakegourd base portion 20cm place, the dark 5cm ~ 8cm in cave, puts into the compacting of 30g carbon ammonium earthing, and waters in time.After snakegourd is emerged, along with the rising of temperature, soil evaporativeness strengthens gradually, for keeping water retention and gas permeability, suitably to plantation plot intertill and clean tillage, namely should carry out surface tillage to soil, by the topsoil hoe pine of hardening.Suitable surface tillage, can reduce moisture evaporation, improve soil structure, promote decomposition of soil organic matter, increase soil fertility, and intertillage simultaneously can also remove weeds in field, reduces damage by disease and insect.
(5), after stand scaffolding snakegourd is emerged, scaffolding management should be carried out immediately.Select the concrete column of 10cm × 10cm × 250cm, it is embedded between the snakegourd plant of same ridge according to the spacing of 2m, it is dark that 0.5m is imbedded in underground, high 2m on the ground, each concrete column top connects in netted with No. 10 steel wires in length and breadth, steel wire two is fixed on periphery concrete column underground, has drawn diagonal brace to fix periphery concrete column simultaneously.After body frame is accomplished fluently, selection aperture is that the nylon wire of 20cm is covered in steel wire top, fixes above periphery and concrete column.When snakegourd is emerged and grown to 0.3 ~ 0.5m, at snakegourd plant side oblique cutting one bamboo pole, with nylon rope, bamboo pole is connected with upper nylon mesh, snakegourd seedling is drawn simultaneously and receive on nylon rope, be convenient to it and climb climing upper canopy, as shown in Figure 2.
(6) branch-finishing and pruning snakegourd will be pruned after emerging in time, and base portion stays 2 major branches.During the branch added 1.5m of growing to, pinching is pinched, and extract growth overstocked and thin and delicate branch, water sprout etc. in time, axillalry bud below the unnecessary weak seedling of root, frame face on tendril will be erased in time, and the armpit branch grown again between the armpit of result mostly is fruitless invalid branch, is all thinning out.Distributed according to different directions by the branch on frame top, control branch is overlapping, affects photosynthesis of plant simultaneously.After 2nd year, only stay a healthy and strong stem, stem grows to about 2.5m and to pinch broken end, to promote collateral generation, will cut off some little ends of the branch, Lao Ye and repeatedly branch in process of growth in time simultaneously.Extract side shoot, bud after snakegourd results, so that nutrient accumulation, be beneficial to the growth of Second Year snakegourd.
(7) seed in red sage root seedling field is gathered in the crops in the red sage root sowing June, and admix after screening in the furrow that fine sand is sprinkled between snakegourd ridge, furrow are irrigated in advance, and seeding quantity is every mu of 0.5kg seed, and after planting upper strata covers one deck fine earth, are advisable to lose seed.Soil temperature 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, 15d ~ 20d is emerged.Red sage root seedling likes the moon early stage, and 7 ~ October, snakegourd canopy well can play effect of sheltering from heat or light, 10 ~ November of later stage, and snakegourd rattan dries up, and the red sage root can be made to carry out photosynthesis smoothly, carry out Carbohydrate Accumulation, promotes root system development.Red sage root seedling had during 3 ~ 4 pairs of blades and can transplant 3 ~ April of next year, the strain of per mu yield red sage root seedling 300,000.
(8) snakegourd kind of gathering matter is fruit use, and about early October, generally start the maturation that turns yellow successively, harvesting standard is that fruit surface has white powder, and fruit colour is faint yellow.After fruit maturation, wither in plant upper end, and top fruit is in ventilation, logical light state, therefore can continue to be allowed to condition at airing on plant after fruit maturation, gather after the Frost's Descent.When gathering, connect stem cut with scissors at carpopodium and stem junction, within 1 year, raw snakegourd can produce fresh fruit 3056kg/ mu.
(9) to cut off stem before freezing climing for overwinter management, stays ground 1m long coiling plant above ground portion, withered for red sage root seedling overground part part removed, with maize straw, snakegourd and red sage root root are covered, or by integrated for the soil around snakegourd base portion mound, mound 30cm above ground level, survives the winter so that cold-proof.
Claims (3)
1. snakegourd-red sage root stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that: method is as follows: in April, selected 2 ~ 3 years raw snakegourd block roots, field planting after segment process, put up a shed according to snakegourd plantation gap after emerging, and it is added to draw rattan to snakegourd seedling, carries out snakegourd branch-finishing and pruning simultaneously; The planting system of described snakegourd for: at the beginning of 4 months, with the line-spacing ditching of 1.5 m on plot, furrow width 35 cm, dark 10 cm, by snakegourd rhizome with the field planting in ditch of the spacing in the rows of 1 m, kept flat by rhizome during field planting, earthing 3 cm ~ 5 cm, pours water in ditch after field planting, after 1 day, snakegourd is planted ditch to fill and lead up, and at upper earthing 10 cm, do ridge, upper strata covers white mulch film; Push overburden soil inspection after 20 days aside to emerge situation, after emerging, film is removed; When snakegourd seedling grows to 15 cm ~ 20 cm, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields urea 25 kg, and waters; Or: attacking a vital point apart from snakegourd base portion 20 cm place, dark 5 cm ~ 8 cm in cave, put into 30 g carbon ammonium earthing compactings, and water; The branch-finishing and pruning mode of described snakegourd is: snakegourd is pruned after emerging, and base portion stays 2 major branches; Branch is added when growing to 1.5 m, and pinching is pinched; After 2nd year, only stay a healthy and strong stem, stem grows to 2.5 m and to pinch broken end; Side shoot, bud is extractd after snakegourd results;
In 6 ~ July, gather salvia seeds, under snakegourd frame, carry out nursery, after emerging, carry out normal field management; To gather November snakegourd; Red sage root seedling of gathering March in next year is also transplanted to land for growing field crops.
2. according to a kind of snakegourd described in claim 1 and red sage root stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: described selection snakegourd block root, the mode cutting off process are: select life in 2 ~ 3 years, robust growth, radices trichosanthis block without damage by disease and insect, staminiferous plant ratio less than 10%, be cut into the long segment of long 5 ~ 10 cm, otch dip after ash dries and plant.
3. according to a kind of snakegourd described in claim 1 and red sage root stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the scaffolding mode of described snakegourd is: the concrete column selecting 10 cm × 250, cm × 10 cm, it is embedded between the snakegourd plant of same ridge according to the spacing of 2 m, each concrete column top connects into netted with 1 steel wire in length and breadth, selects nylon wire to be covered in steel wire top; When snakegourd is emerged and grown to 0.3 ~ 0.5 m, at snakegourd plant side oblique cutting one bamboo pole, with nylon rope, bamboo pole is connected with upper nylon mesh, snakegourd seedling is drawn simultaneously and receive on nylon rope.
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