CN102067781B - Regeneration and cultivation technology for cortex magnoliae officinalis - Google Patents

Regeneration and cultivation technology for cortex magnoliae officinalis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102067781B
CN102067781B CN2010105322361A CN201010532236A CN102067781B CN 102067781 B CN102067781 B CN 102067781B CN 2010105322361 A CN2010105322361 A CN 2010105322361A CN 201010532236 A CN201010532236 A CN 201010532236A CN 102067781 B CN102067781 B CN 102067781B
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magnoliae officinalis
cortex magnoliae
intermediate cutting
year
ratooning
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CN102067781A (en
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牟来明
涂代群
牟菁
牟俊滔
冉崇驿
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LICHUAN LINGYANGTANG DAODI CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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LICHUAN LINGYANGTANG DAODI CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40Afforestation or reforestation

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Abstract

The invention discloses regeneration cultivation technology for cortex magnoliae officinalis. The technology comprises the following steps: performing seed cleaning; selecting sparsely planted strong seedlings, wherein the density is lower than 20,000 to 25,000 plants per mu, the neck size is more than and equal to 1.0 centimeter and the average height is 30 to 50 centimeters; performing fixed planting of young seedlings; performing planed compact planting; and starting intermediate cutting since the fifteenth year, and in the intermediate cutting, leaving roots, barks and butts, loosing earth and applying additional fertilizer(oil cakes), and spraying 50 to 100ppm indolylacetic acid to prompt latent buds of butts to burgeon and quickly grow into forest. Therefore, the users can enjoy long-term benefits by once forestation.

Description

A kind of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culture technique of Magnoliacea plant, particularly a kind of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method.
Background technology
CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS belongs to Magnoliacea plant, the broad-leaved deciduous tree, and Gao Keda 15m is national II level protection seeds, one of rare traditional Chinese medicine.Culture technique is at present: seedlings (life in 2 years), thin planting (spacing in the rows 2m * 3m), low level management; Gathered in 25~30 years, and connected the digging of the root band root and stem of certain plants, branch skin, dry hide, root skin all are used as medicine; The CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS of being cultivated is not only grown slowly, is yielded poorly; And inferior quality, only disposable income, whole economic efficiency is not high.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, provide a kind of and can make that CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS growth is fast, output significantly improves, quality better, and realize once afforestation, long-term cultivation method of being benefited.
A kind of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method is characterized in that: the one, and seed cleaning: 1. hank year and greater than the elite stand seed collecting of lifes in 20 years; 2. seed is adopted back after float screening clearly, removes flat grain; The 2nd, rare educating strong sprout: requiring grows seedlings is lower than 2~2.5 ten thousand strain/mus, the rugosity >=1.0cm of young plant stem, average height 30~50cm; The 3rd, seedling field planting: adopt the one year seedling field planting; The 4th, the plan dense planting: the employing seeding row spacing is 1.5m * 2.0m, every mu of field planting 220 strains; The 5th, reasonable spacing sleeve cropping: carry out spacing sleeve cropping in the young growth phase of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS before 8 ages, the spacing sleeve cropping plant is short this plant of sward; The 6th, minute year intermediate cutting gather: intermediate cutting was gathered since the 15th year, gathered 1/5 at every turn, intermediate cutting one minor tick 3 years; The 7th, the complementary conditions of cultivation require to comprise: the soil requirement of cultivation, fertilizing management, decide bar pruning and diseases and pests controlling.
Described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method is characterized in that this plant of the short sward of said spacing sleeve cropping is: soya bean, teasel root, Ipomoea batatas or potato.
Described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method is characterized in that said intermediate cutting collecting method: cut down 1 method at a distance from 4, use the chain saw saw during intermediate cutting, keep section concordant injury-free with skin, the butt height is concordant with soil; Behind the intermediate cutting, spray the heteroauxin of 50~100ppm, and press the fertilising of tree crown shade trench digging, fertilizing amount: the every strain 5kg of natural pond liquid, or the cake fertilizer 2kg/ strain of becoming thoroughly decomposed according to the dosage of 10~20ml/ strain.
Described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method is characterized in that the soil of said cultivation requires: on the sunny side, soil layer is deep, fertile; The content of organic matter≤2%, pH value 6~7, light, the middle earth of quality; Height above sea level 1000~1200m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil young growth phase that the content of organic matter is low is planted leguminous plant between wanting.
Described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method is characterized in that said fertilizing management: adopt fertilizer, fertilizer base manure is used barnyard manure, executes 2000kg for every mu; It is fertile with cake fertilizer or natural pond to topdress, the fertile every mu of consumption 500~600kg in natural pond, and cake fertilizer mu is executed 100~200kg.
Described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method is characterized in that the said bar pruning of deciding: decide bar height 4.5~5.0m, the back of growing into forest is annual prunes once, removes intersection, overlapping and thin and delicate and deadwood.
Described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method is characterized in that the said extermination of disease and insect pest: be coated with limewash when go into the winter every year and do once.
Seed cleaning: CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS began to blossom and have seeds in 15 years, but the seed before the life in 20 years becomes seedling low, a little less than young plant wins; Growth is slow, and employing is grown up and collected seed greater than the elite stand of life in 20 years, and through floating screening clearly; Remove flat grain, guarantee the selected and uniformity of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS seed.
Rare even growing seedlings: prior art 3~3.5 ten thousand strain/mus of growing seedlings, young plant is very thin tall and thin; This cultivation method requires to grow seedlings to be lower than 2~2.5 ten thousand strain/mus, the rugosity >=1.0cm of young plant stem, and average height 30~50cm, seedling are obviously strong.
The seedling field planting: general 2 years living seedlings of the seed of prior art, high 70~120cm, the seedling cost of transportation is high, and it is slow to turn green after the transplanting, and survival rate is generally 85~90%, and the medicinal herb grower claims " saving one's life 2 years branches in 1 year ".This cultivation method adopts the one year seedling field planting, and the tip is taken out in field planting then then, and survival rate can reach 95~98%.
The plan dense planting: prior art cultivation seeding row spacing is 3m * 3.5m, mu field planting 66 strains.It is 1.5m * 2.0m that this cultivation method adopts seeding row spacing, and mu field planting 220 strains significantly improve per mu yield.
Cover rationally: prior art is carried out low level management, and the CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS young growth phase (before 8 ages) rationally between cover help quick growth, the cover plant species be necessary for short sward this, soya bean, teasel root, Ipomoea batatas, potato all can, can impel CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS to grow fast.
Divide a year intermediate cutting: the research of academy of agricultural sciences, Hubei Province traditional Chinese medicine research institute shows, the medicinal main component magnolol of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS magnolia obovata alcohol 5~15 years is the highest, and therefore, bark of official magnolia medical substance does not change because of skin depth is thin.But say that from the plantation commodity output per unit area yield of gathering too early is low.Intermediate cutting was gathered since the 15th year, gathered 1/5 every year, intermediate cutting one minor tick 3 years.Therefore, can obtain good output and quality.
Intermediate cutting method: cut down 1 method at a distance from 4.During intermediate cutting, do not adopt traditional picking methods---cut with axe, and use the chain saw saw, keep section concordant injury-free with skin.The butt height is concordant with soil.Cross lowly, the regeneration young shoot is prone to susceptible; Too high, regeneration plant is prone to form the tree of ossifing.Behind the intermediate cutting, promptly spray the heteroauxin of 50~100ppm, simultaneously, press the fertilising of tree crown shade trench digging according to the amount of 10~20ml/ strain.Fertilizing amount: the every strain 5kg of natural pond liquid, or the every strain 2kg of the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Like this, the regenerative growth of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS be can promote, afforestation, long-term being benefited realized once.
Supporting technology of the present invention requires:
Soil requires: on the sunny side, soil layer is deep, fertile.The content of organic matter is not higher than 2%, pH value 6~7, and light, the middle earth of quality, height above sea level 1000~1200m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil young growth phase that the content of organic matter is low is planted leguminous plant between wanting; Only use fertilizer: fertilizer base manure is used barnyard manure, and mu is executed 2000kg, and it is fertile with cake fertilizer or natural pond to topdress, natural pond fertile mu consumption 500~600kg, and cake fertilizer mu is executed 100~200kg; Deciding bar prunes: decide bar height 4.5~5.0m, the back of growing into forest is annual prunes once, removes intersection, overlapping and thin and delicate and deadwood, keeps the woodland ventilation and lighting, reduces the disease worm and increases dry hide thickness, improves output and quality; The extermination of disease and insect pest adopts conventional method, is coated with limewash when go into the winter every year and does once.These supporting requirements are in order to guarantee the required nutrient of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS growth, sunlight, ventilation and to reduce damage by disease and insect.
Embodiment:
In order more to specify the present invention, the present invention is done further detailed description below in conjunction with the example of practical implementation.
The technology path that the present invention adopts is: seed cleaning, rare educating strong sprout, the seedling field planting, the plan dense planting, rationally between cover, divide a year intermediate cutting to gather, the regeneration forest cultivation realizes once afforestation, long-term being benefited.Its concrete ratooning method is following:
1, seed cleaning.CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS began to blossom and have seeds in 15 years.But the seed before the life in 20 years becomes seedling low, and a little less than young plant won, growth was slow.Seed cleaning of the present invention comprises two aspects: 1. hank year and greater than the elite stand seed collecting of lifes in 20 years; 2. seed is adopted back after float screening clearly, removes flat grain.
2, rare even growing seedlings.Prior art 3~3.5 ten thousand strain/mus of growing seedlings, young plant is very thin tall and thin; The present invention requires to grow seedlings to be lower than 2~2.5 ten thousand strain/mus, the rugosity >=1.0cm of young plant stem, average height 30~50cm.
3, seedling field planting.General 2 years living seedlings of the seed of prior art, high 70~120cm, the seedling cost of transportation is high, and it is slow to turn green after the transplanting, and survival rate is generally 85~90%, and the medicinal herb grower claims " saving one's life 2 years branches in 1 year ".The present invention adopts the one year seedling field planting, and the tip is taken out in field planting then then, and survival rate can reach 95-98%.
4, plan dense planting.Prior art cultivation seeding row spacing is 3m * 3.5m, mu field planting 66 strains.It is 1.5m * 2.0m that the present invention adopts seeding row spacing, mu field planting 220 strains.
5, rationally between cover.The CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS young growth phase (before 8 ages) overlaps rationally and helps quick growth, and the cover plant species is necessary for short sward originally, and soya bean, teasel root, Ipomoea batatas, potato all can.
6, divide a year intermediate cutting.The research of academy of agricultural sciences, Hubei Province traditional Chinese medicine research institute shows, the medicinal main component magnolol of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS magnolia obovata alcohol 5~15 years is the highest, and therefore, bark of official magnolia medical substance does not change because of skin depth is thin.But say that from the plantation commodity output per unit area yield of gathering too early is low.Intermediate cutting was gathered since the 15th year, gathered 1/5 every year, intermediate cutting one minor tick 3 years.
Among the present invention, because of the regeneration plant well developed root system of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS, it is very rapid to grow, through surveying:
The height of tree The ground face diameter The average height of tree Face diameter fifty-fifty
Fell then 30~150cm 1.5~3.0cm 80cm 2.5cm
Next year 180~250cm 3.5~5.5cm 200cm 4.5cm
3 years 300~350cm 8.0~10.0cm 330cm 9.0cm
5 years 420~520cm 12.0~15.0cm 480cm 14.0cm
Regeneration is bred 5 years growth rate and is planted 10 years basically and directly quite.
7, among the present invention,, whenever can gather in the crops the bark of official magnolia one time at a distance from 3 years from the 15th year, several 44 strains~60 strains of at every turn gathering (regeneration is sprouted can stay 2 strains), per unit area yield (system skin) 400~450kg by 1.5 yuan/kg of spot price in 2010, is worth 6000~6700 yuan.To the 5th time, because of the age of tree increases, income increases year by year for the second time.
Prior art is 25 years disposable gathering, and can receive system skin 600kg, root skin 100kg, is worth 15 yuan/kg of system skin, 18 yuan/kg of root skin, is worth 10800 yuan.
Though disposable the gathering of prior art definitely earns a large income, and compares with the present invention, then be nothing like, its benefit contrast is as shown in the table:
The benefit comparison sheet
Unit: unit
Figure GSB00000656205200041
And the present invention compares with existing culture technique, under existing culture technique, after once gathering in 25~30 years, builds the garden again, needs again wait 25~30 years again.After adopting technology of the present invention,, whenever gathered once a landscape architecture, long-range being benefited at a distance from 3 years from 15 years.
Intermediate cutting method: cut down 1 method at a distance from 4.During intermediate cutting, cut, and use the chain saw saw, keep section concordant injury-free with skin without axe.The butt height is concordant with soil.Cross lowly, the regeneration young shoot is prone to susceptible; Too high, regeneration plant is prone to form the tree of ossifing.Behind the intermediate cutting,, simultaneously, press the fertilising of tree crown shade trench digging according to amount spray 50~100ppm heteroauxin of 10~20ml/ strain.Fertilizing amount: every strain 5kg of natural pond liquid or the every strain 2kg of the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Supporting technology of the present invention requires:
1, soil requires: on the sunny side, soil layer is deep, fertile.The content of organic matter is not higher than 2%, pH value 6~7, and light, the middle earth of quality, height above sea level 1000~1200m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil young growth phase that the content of organic matter is low is planted leguminous plant between wanting.
2, only use fertilizer.Fertilizer base manure is used barnyard manure, and mu is executed 2000kg, and it is fertile with cake fertilizer or natural pond to topdress, natural pond fertile mu consumption 500~600kg, and cake fertilizer mu is executed 100~200kg.
3, deciding bar prunes.Decide bar height 4.5~5.0m, the back of growing into forest is annual prunes once, removes intersection, overlapping and thin and delicate and deadwood, keeps the woodland ventilation and lighting, reduces the disease worm and increases dry hide thickness, improves output and quality.
4, the extermination of disease and insect pest is used conventional method, does once but be coated with limewash must go into the winter time in every year.

Claims (7)

1. CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning method is characterized in that: the one, and seed cleaning: 1. hank year and greater than the elite stand seed collecting of lifes in 20 years; 2. seed is adopted back after float screening clearly, removes flat grain; The 2nd, rare educating strong sprout: requiring grows seedlings is lower than 2~2.5 ten thousand strain/mus, the rugosity >=1.0cm of young plant stem, average height 30~50cm; The 3rd, seedling field planting: adopt the one year seedling field planting; The 4th, the plan dense planting: the employing seeding row spacing is 1.5m * 2.0m, every mu of field planting 220 strains; The 5th, reasonable spacing sleeve cropping: carry out spacing sleeve cropping in the young growth phase of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS before 8 ages, the spacing sleeve cropping plant is short this plant of sward; The 6th, minute year intermediate cutting gather: intermediate cutting was gathered since the 15th year, gathered 1/5 at every turn, intermediate cutting one minor tick 3 years; The 7th, the complementary conditions of cultivation require to comprise: the soil requirement of cultivation, fertilizing management, decide bar pruning and diseases and pests controlling.
2. according to the described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that this plant of the short sward of said spacing sleeve cropping is: soya bean, teasel root, Ipomoea batatas or potato.
3. according to the described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that said intermediate cutting collecting method: cut down 1 method at a distance from 4, use the chain saw saw during intermediate cutting, keep section concordant injury-free with skin, the butt height is concordant with soil; Press the heteroauxin of dosage spray 50~100ppm of every strain 10~20ml behind the intermediate cutting, and press the fertilising of tree crown shade trench digging, fertilizing amount: every strain 5kg of natural pond liquid or the every strain 2kg of the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
4. according to the described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that the soil of said cultivation requires: on the sunny side, soil layer is deep, fertile; The content of organic matter≤2%; PH value 6~7, light, the middle earth of quality, height above sea level 1000~1200m; Irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil young growth phase that the content of organic matter is low is planted leguminous plant between wanting.
5. according to the described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that said fertilizing management: adopt fertilizer, fertilizer base manure is used barnyard manure, executes 2000kg for every mu; It is fertile with cake fertilizer or natural pond to topdress, the fertile every mu of consumption 500~600kg in natural pond, and cake fertilizer mu is executed 100~200kg.
6. according to the described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that the said bar pruning of deciding: decide bar height 4.5~5.0m, the back of growing into forest is annual prunes once, removes intersection, overlapping and thin and delicate and deadwood.
7. according to the described CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS ratooning of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that the said extermination of disease and insect pest: be coated with limewash when go into the winter every year and do once.
CN2010105322361A 2010-11-02 2010-11-02 Regeneration and cultivation technology for cortex magnoliae officinalis Expired - Fee Related CN102067781B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102870792B (en) * 2012-10-24 2014-03-26 湖南省林业科学院 Magnolia bark regenerant and preparation method and application thereof
CN102972168A (en) * 2012-11-05 2013-03-20 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 Method for cultivating magnolia biloba
CN102907243A (en) * 2012-11-16 2013-02-06 四川省林业科学研究院 Magnolia officinalis cultivation method
CN103039261B (en) * 2013-01-25 2017-07-11 大关县中药材种植专业合作社 The compound implantation methods of the bark of official magnolia
CN105493998A (en) * 2015-12-07 2016-04-20 重庆博奥农业综合开发有限公司 Mixed planting method for lemons and magnolia officinalis
CN109874591B (en) * 2019-04-22 2021-05-28 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 Planting method for early fruiting and high yield of Wo oranges

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