CN111011142A - High-yield and high-quality planting method for radix pseudostellariae - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for high-quality radix pseudostellariae. The method comprises five steps of base selection, germplasm optimization, cultivation, field management and harvesting; the cultivation comprises land preparation, planting ditch opening, base fertilizer application, sowing, soil covering and disinfection; the field management comprises intertillage weeding, topdressing, drainage irrigation, pest control and shading. The traditional Chinese medicine standard green planting is developed by combining the traditional technology and the modern technology, the use amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is greatly reduced, the planted radix pseudostellariae can meet the requirements of the Chinese medicinal material production quality management standard (trial) and the medicinal plant and product import and export green industry standard, the acre yield of the medicinal materials of the radix pseudostellariae can be stabilized to be 135 kg-160 kg (dry goods) under the condition of stable climate for years, the yield of the radix pseudostellariae is high, high-quality, ecological, stable and controllable, considerable economic and social benefits can be created, and good ecological environmental benefits can be brought.

Description

High-yield and high-quality planting method for radix pseudostellariae

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of a radix pseudostellariae planting method, in particular to a high-yield and high-quality radix pseudostellariae planting method.

Background

Pseudostellaria root, originally recorded in "materia Medica of materia Medica", is the dry root tuber of Pseudostellaria heterophylla of herbaceous plant of Caryophyllaceae. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, radix pseudostellariae is sweet in taste, slightly bitter, neutral in nature, and enters spleen and lung channels, has the function similar to ginseng, but is weak in strength, and is a product of clearing and tonifying of the first taste in qi tonics, and the radix pseudostellariae is considered to enter heart, spleen and lung channels in the book Ben Cao Xin to be capable of tonifying and strengthening the lung, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and treating symptoms such as lung deficiency cough, spleen deficiency anorexia, palpitation and spontaneous perspiration, mental fatigue, dry mouth, diarrhea, body deficiency and the like. In recent years, the components of the radix pseudostellariae are analyzed, and the radix pseudostellariae is found to be rich in amino acid, polysaccharide, saponin, vitamin and trace elements which are necessary for human bodies, participate in the metabolism of organisms and contribute to the recovery of weakness after diseases and digestive function, so the radix pseudostellariae is a good product for both medicine and food. In recent years, the quality of Chinese medicinal materials is reduced, and the quality of the radix pseudostellariae is important because the quality of the Chinese medicinal materials becomes a main factor influencing the curative effect of the traditional Chinese medicine and the medication safety of the public. The high-quality radix pseudostellariae has excellent property and taste and good edible mouthfeel, and the quality of the modern planted traditional Chinese medicine is greatly different from that of the traditional wild herbal medicine by depending on pesticide and chemical fertilizer treatment. At present, the quality of radix pseudostellariae is mainly scattered planting by individual farmers, the scientific planting level is low, the standardized planting quality control standard is lacked, the pH value of soil, chemical components contained in the soil, climatic conditions, sunshine time, a cultivation method, the use of fertilizers and pesticides and other factors can directly influence the quality of radix pseudostellariae in the planting process, and the fertilization and the prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds are key links in the method. The new edition of the management standard of Chinese medicinal material production quality (revision draft) on the requirements of Chinese medicinal material planting: the fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer is limitedly used, so that heavy metal exceeding caused by excessive application of phosphate fertilizer is avoided, and bacterial fertilizer approved by China and special fertilizer for traditional Chinese medicinal materials are encouraged to be used; the prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds are subject to the principle of prevention and comprehensive prevention and control, and green prevention and control technologies such as biology, physics, agriculture and the like are preferentially adopted; and (3) forbidding use: the national agricultural department forbids highly toxic, highly toxic and highly residual pesticides, and limits the pesticides used on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. With the rapid development of society and science and technology, the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides required by agricultural production is gradually increased, and due to the high nutrient content, the application is convenient and no trouble of farmyard manure, farmers develop a habit of applying a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to prevent crop diseases and insect pests and kill weeds and insects in farmlands. Every year, because farmers unreasonably use chemical fertilizers and pesticides, soil hardening, insufficient organic matter content, reduced air permeability, reduced soil nutrient element content and fertility, excessive contents of pesticides, heavy metals and the like in products, crop yield reduction, resource waste and the like in local areas are caused, and environmental pollution in partial areas, such as eutrophication of rivers and lakes, soil pollution, agricultural pollution and the like, is caused, so that pesticide residues and heavy metal residues in traditional Chinese medicinal materials are abused, the quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is seriously influenced, and the planting of the radix pseudostellariae is not exceptional. The phenomenon that fertilizers and pesticides are used unreasonably more or less exists in the processes of fertilization and prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds in the conventional radix pseudostellariae planting method, and a unified quality control standard is lacked, which is one of key technical bottlenecks for limiting high yield and high quality of radix pseudostellariae. The high-quality production of the radix pseudostellariae is promoted by solving the technical bottleneck at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a planting method for radix pseudostellariae with high yield and quality, and overcomes the defects that the known planting method for radix pseudostellariae has more or less unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the processes of fertilization and prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, and lacks of unified quality control standard, and the quality of the radix pseudostellariae is seriously affected.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme: a high-yield and high-quality planting method for radix pseudostellariae comprises the following steps:

(1) base selection: preferably, the base selection condition is that water and soil are well kept, the base selection condition is far away from a pollution source, a slope land between the altitude of 600 and 1000 meters or a two-barren land newly cultivated for two years is suitable, the drainage and irrigation condition is good or rice is planted before, and continuous cropping is not carried out; the air environment quality of the base can reach the secondary standard of GB3095-96 atmospheric environmental quality Standard; the soil environment quality reaches more than the second grade of GB15618-1995 soil environment quality Standard;

(2) the germplasm is preferably as follows: preferably, the germplasm should preferably be such that: selecting robust plants with plump bud heads, no damage and no diseases or insect pests for seed reservation, and selecting the plants as optimal seeds through purification, rejuvenation and disease prevention, wherein the purification is to remove mixed plants and variant plants; the rejuvenation is to remove weak plants and diseased plants, and select disease-free and strong plants for seed reservation; the disease prevention and detection comprises the prevention and detection of mosaic disease, leaf spot disease, southern blight and purple stripe disease, particularly the disease which occurs individually in small area is removed as soon as possible, and soil and plant residues are disinfected; large area generation, should be transformed into production field;

(3) cultivation, the cultivation includes soil preparation, ditching planting furrows, applying base fertilizer, sowing, covering soil and sterilizing, the specific method of applying the base fertilizer is as follows: uniformly stirring 80kg of organic fertilizer, 100kg of biological fertilizer activated phosphorus and 100kg of compound fertilizer per mu, applying the mixture into planting ditches, slightly covering the planting ditches with loose soil, and then sowing the seeds; the specific method for disinfection comprises the following steps: spraying 500-1000 times of common environment-friendly enzyme for soil disinfection within one week after planting;

preferably, the concrete method of land preparation is as follows: ploughing or manually digging, wherein the depth is more than 30cm, the arched furrows are required to be formed, deep ploughing and fine ploughing are required to be performed, soil is deep, loose, broken and flat, the arched furrows with the width of 80cm and the height of 25-35 cm are formed, working rows with the width of 30-40cm are built among the furrows, and drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery to prevent roots from rotting due to excessive rainwater;

preferably, the specific method for making the planting furrows comprises the following steps: a straight-going groove with the width of 10-15cm and the depth of 7-10cm is formed on the ridge surface in the downslope direction;

preferably, the specific sowing method comprises the following steps: 30-35kg of ginseng seeds are used per mu, namely, the plant spacing is 4-5cm, the row spacing is 10-15cm, the seeds are soaked for 30 minutes by using hymexazol and carbendazim before being planted, the seeds are drained, the drained seeds are vertically arranged at two sides of a ditch according to the plant spacing of 4-5cm, the bud heads are upward and are 3-5cm away from the soil surface, the bud heads are aligned, the positions are commonly called as 'up-level down-level', the seeds are continuously arranged according to the row spacing of 10-15cm, a planting ditch is opened, the ditch soil covers the front ditch, the seeds are placed, and the like, the optimal sowing time is in the last ten days of 11 months per year;

preferably, the specific method of covering soil is as follows: the depth of the soil covering is 3 cm-5 cm, namely the soil covering depth is 3 cm-5 cm from the upper surface of the bud head, and the ridge surface after the soil covering is in a tile back shape, so that water accumulation and seed rotting are prevented.

(4) Field management, wherein the field management comprises intertillage weeding, topdressing, drainage irrigation, pest control and shading; the pest control comprises two aspects of prevention and control, wherein the prevention and control comprises leaf spot control, mosaic control, southern blight control, purple stripe disease control and pest control, and the specific prevention method comprises the steps of spraying 1000 times of liquid traditional Chinese medicine environment-friendly enzyme on leaf surfaces, spraying for 7-10 days for one time, generally for 7-8 times, and spraying for the morning and evening;

preferably, the preparation method of the common environment-friendly ferment comprises the following steps:

① the raw materials are weighed according to the weight proportion of 1 part of brown sugar, 3 parts of fresh abandoned vegetable peel and 10 parts of water;

② slicing vegetable pericarp, cutting fresh vegetable pericarp, placing into a fermentation container made of porcelain, pottery or plastic barrel, wherein the container is suitable for containing 1.5-2 times of raw materials;

③ mixing, pouring brown sugar and water in weight parts into the container containing the vegetable pericarp fragments, screwing the bottle cap, and shaking;

④ fermenting, namely pasting a preparation date on a container, fermenting in shade for at least three months to avoid direct irradiation of sunlight, unscrewing a cover to release air during the first month of fermentation, avoiding using fish, meat or greasy kitchen residues as enzyme raw materials, adding orange peel, lemon peel, baman leaf and other fragrant vegetable peels if the prepared enzyme is expected to have faint scent, and adding the fresh and thrown vegetable peels one after another if a sufficient amount of fresh and thrown vegetable peels cannot be collected for a while, wherein the period of 3 months is counted from the last addition day.

Preferably, the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine environment-friendly enzyme comprises the following steps:

① the raw materials are weighed according to the weight proportion, including 90 parts of honeysuckle, 90 parts of weeping forsythia, 75 parts of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, 90 parts of isatis root, 60 parts of baical skullcap root, 30 parts of rhubarb, 90 parts of gypsum, 90 parts of reed rhizome, 90 parts of dried rehmannia root, 60 parts of turmeric root-tuber, 30 parts of common anemarrhena rhizome, 60 parts of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, 60 parts of cablin potchouli herb, 1000 parts of brown sugar and 10000 parts of tap water.

② decocting Gypsum Fibrosum, decocting Gypsum Fibrosum in water for 45 min, filtering, and cooling to obtain Gypsum Fibrosum water;

③ mixing, adding the rest materials in a container (made of porcelain, pottery or rubber barrel), adding brown sugar, gypsum water obtained in step ②, and tap water, and shaking;

④ fermenting by attaching the date to the container, fermenting in shade for at least three months without direct sunlight, and unscrewing the cover to release air during the first month of fermentation.

Preferably, the specific method of the additional fertilizer is as follows: topdressing for 1 time after the radix pseudostellariae grows uniformly, and performing strip fertilization by using 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu;

preferably, the specific method of drainage irrigation is as follows: the radix pseudostellariae irrigation adopts a manual spraying method, and a plough layer 8-10 cm below the ground is preferably irrigated thoroughly for each irrigation; during drainage, ditch cleaning and drainage are enhanced, accumulated soil is found in the ditch, the accumulated soil is immediately drained, whether the drainage of the periphery and the furrow is smooth is checked, and if the drainage is not smooth, the ditch is timely dredged;

preferably, the shading can be achieved by planting some leguminous plants beside the furrow for shading.

(5) Harvesting: the harvesting time is determined in a traditional mode, preferably after summer and before big summer, after ginseng plants wither naturally and fall seedlings, the ginseng plants are harvested and dug in sunny days, manual harvesting is adopted, overground stem and leaf parts are removed firstly, the ginseng plants are placed into a basket, and finally the ginseng plants are cleaned to other places without remaining in the radix pseudostellariae planting field to prevent virus infection during planting again, a small rake is used for deeply digging for more than 13cm, root tubers are picked out, non-medicinal parts such as soil, grass roots and overground parts are removed, and the root tubers are placed into a clean and non-toxic bamboo basket or plastic basket.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding advantages and effects: (1) the traditional Chinese medicine standard green planting is developed by combining the tradition and the modern times, the use amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is greatly reduced, the planted radix pseudostellariae can meet the requirements of the national food and drug administration 'Chinese medicinal material production quality management standard (trial) and the' green industry standard for medicinal plants and products import and export '(green industry standard)', the output per mu of the radix pseudostellariae drug can be stabilized to be 135 kg-160 kg (dry goods) under the condition of stable weather for years, the radix pseudostellariae has high yield, high quality, ecology, stability and controllability, considerable economic and social benefits can be created, and good ecological environmental benefits can be brought; (2) the base fertilizer adopts biological enzyme to activate the phosphate fertilizer, so that nutrients are slowly released, the aims of symmetrical synchronization with crops, long fertilizer efficiency, large aftereffect, improvement of the quality of radix pseudostellariae, improvement of the ecological environment of soil, reduction of acidification, increase of flora and organic matters and conservation of fertilizer application amount are achieved, the traditional calcium superphosphate fertilizer is opposite and does not meet the requirement of regularity of synchronization of life supply and demand, the early-stage phosphorus supply is larger than demand, the phosphorus utilization rate is only 15-20%, most of the phosphorus utilization rate is fixed, not only is waste, but also heavy metals exceed the standard, the defect is overcome by biological enzyme activation of the phosphate fertilizer, and the balance of the supply and demand at the beginning and the end of the life process is achieved; (3) the disease, pest and weed control follows the principle of prevention as main and comprehensive control, multiple environment-friendly enzymes are adopted in the whole planting process for preventing, the enzymes are biological enzymes other than pesticides and fertilizers, enzyme molecules can improve chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and heavy metal residues in the soil, can improve the soil, regulate the pH value of the soil, repair the soil, enable the soil to be healthy and enhance the immunity of crops, and the disease incidence rate of field plants of the leaf spot disease of the radix pseudostellariae reaches 100 percent; (4) the method has the advantages that the standard ridge width (80 cm) for planting the radix pseudostellariae is clear, the ventilation and the drainage are convenient, the characteristic that the radix pseudostellariae is afraid of waterlogging is overcome, the planting operation is easy, the seed consumption of 30-35Kg per mu is clear, the planting distance is 4-5cm, the method is a summary of planting experience for decades, the distance is reasonable, the ventilation is good, the yield is high, and the yield is not influenced by poor ventilation caused by over-dense planting of the radix pseudostellariae.

Detailed Description

The following examples further illustrate the invention but should not be construed as limiting it:

example 1: the preparation method of the common environment-friendly ferment comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing and proportioning raw materials: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of brown sugar, 3 parts of fresh abandoned vegetable peel and 10 parts of water;

(2) slicing vegetable peels: chopping fresh and thrown vegetable peels in parts by weight, and putting the chopped vegetable peels into a fermentation container, wherein the container can be made of porcelain, pottery or a glue barrel, and the size of the container is suitable for filling 1.5-2 times of the raw materials in parts by weight;

(3) uniformly mixing: pouring brown sugar and water in parts by weight into a container filled with the vegetable peel scraps, screwing a bottle cover, shaking uniformly, reserving a space with the height of less than one third of the bottle for fermentation gas if the water is not filled too much, and otherwise, easily overflowing the fermentation gas;

(4) fermentation: pasting a making date on the container, fermenting in shade for at least three months to avoid direct irradiation of sunlight, and unscrewing the cover to release air every day during the first month of fermentation.

Example 2: the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine environment-friendly enzyme comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing and proportioning raw materials: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of honeysuckle, 90 parts of fructus forsythiae, 75 parts of schisandra chinensis, 90 parts of isatis root, 60 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 30 parts of rheum officinale, 90 parts of gypsum, 90 parts of rhizoma phragmitis, 90 parts of radix rehmanniae recen, 60 parts of radix curcumae, 30 parts of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 60 parts of rhizoma acori graminei, 60 parts of pogostemon cablin, 1000 parts of brown sugar and 10000 parts of tap water.

(2) Decocting gypsum: decocting gypsum in water for 45 minutes, filtering, and cooling to obtain gypsum water;

(3) uniformly mixing: adding the rest traditional Chinese medicines into a container according to parts by weight, pouring the brown sugar, the gypsum water obtained in the step (2) and the tap water in parts by weight, and shaking uniformly, wherein the container can adopt a porcelain, a pottery or a glue barrel;

(4) fermentation: pasting a making date on the container, fermenting in shade for at least three months to avoid direct irradiation of sunlight, and unscrewing the cover to release air every day during the first month of fermentation.

Example 3: the planting of the heterophylly falsestarwort root comprises the following steps:

(1) base selection: the soil and water are well kept, the soil and water are far away from pollution sources, and the rice is planted in the front of the slope with the altitude of 600 + 1000 meters without continuous cropping; the air environment quality of the base can reach the secondary standard of GB3095-96 atmospheric environmental quality Standard; the soil environment quality reaches more than the second grade of GB15618-1995 soil environment quality Standard;

(2) the germplasm is preferably as follows: selecting robust plants with plump buds, no damage and no diseases and insect pests for seed reservation; purifying, rejuvenating and preventing diseases and insect pests;

(3) cultivation of plants

① soil preparation, namely plowing or manually digging, wherein the depth is more than 30cm, the arched furrows are required to be made, deep plowing and fine plowing are required to be realized, soil is deep, loose, crushed and flat, the arched furrows with the width of 80cm and the height of 25-35 cm are made, working rows with the width of 30-40cm are well repaired among the furrows, and drainage ditches are arranged around the furrows to prevent the roots from rotting due to excessive rainwater;

② making planting furrows, namely making straight furrows with width of 10-15cm and depth of 7-10cm on the ridge surface along the slope direction;

③ applying base fertilizer, namely, 80kg of organic fertilizer, 100kg of biological fertilizer activated phosphorus and 100kg of compound fertilizer (17-17-17) are evenly mixed per mu, applied to the planting furrows, slightly covered by loose soil and then sowed;

④ sowing, namely sowing seeds 30-35kg per mu, namely, the row spacing is 4-5cm, the row spacing is 10-15cm, before the seeds are planted, soaking the seeds for 30 minutes by using hymexazol and carbendazim, draining, waiting for the seeds to be planted, vertically arranging the seeds into two sides of a ditch according to the row spacing of 4-5cm during planting, enabling the bud heads to face upwards and be 3-5cm away from the soil surface, enabling the bud heads to be level and level, commonly called as 'upper level and lower level', continuously arranging the row spacing for 10-15cm, then opening a planting ditch, covering the front ditch with ditch soil, arranging the seeds again, and so on, and sowing for the best time, namely, in the middle and lower ten days of 11 months per year;

⑤ covering soil with a depth of 3-5cm, that is, 3-5cm above the bud, and forming a tile-back shape on the land surface to prevent water accumulation and seed rot;

⑥ sterilization, namely spraying 500-700 times of liquid common environment-friendly enzyme for soil sterilization within one week after planting;

(4) management of field

① weeding by intertillage, namely weeding after emergence of radix Pseudostellariae, loosening the soil with a small rake, removing soil hardening caused by overwintering time to facilitate seedling growth, removing weed manually in the rest time, and stopping weeding by intertillage after plant closure;

② topdressing, namely topdressing for 1 time after the fertilizer grows evenly, and applying 30kg of compound fertilizer for one mu;

③ drainage irrigation, wherein the irrigation water for radix Pseudostellariae must reach the secondary standard of GB 5084-85 Farmland irrigation Water quality Standard, and is detected once per year, and can be irrigated for 1-2 times when meeting drought after planting, the whole growth and development process of radix Pseudostellariae is timely checked according to rainfall condition, when the radix Pseudostellariae leaves slightly wither, the irrigation is carried out, the irrigation frequency is determined according to the requirement and rainfall condition, the water can be irrigated in the morning and evening, and the ridge is not exposed to sunlight, the irrigation of radix Pseudostellariae adopts artificial spraying method, each irrigation is suitable for irrigating 8-10 cm below the ground, the drainage is strengthened for clearing the ditch, the accumulated soil in the ditch is found, the accumulated soil is immediately removed, whether the drainage of the periphery and the ditch is unblocked or not is checked, and the drainage is timely dredged if the drainage is not unblocked;

④ Pest control comprises preventing and controlling,

and (3) prevention aspect: spraying 1000 times of Chinese medicinal environmental-friendly ferment on leaves, spraying once in 6 days, 8 times, and spraying in the morning and evening.

And (3) prevention and control aspects:

leaf spot disease: the comprehensive prevention and control of the leaf spot of the radix pseudostellariae is mainly achieved by preventing, starts from disease-free seedlings, strengthens a cultivation disease prevention technology, and is assisted by a strategy of chemical agent prevention and control, wherein the chemical agent prevention and control specifically comprises the following steps: spraying copper abietate for 1-2 times at the beginning of 4 months for prevention, and spraying 1500 times of 35% Amimimi liquid every 7-10 days for 1 time at the beginning of the occurrence period, and continuously for 2-3 times.

Mosaic disease: using a virus-free seed acre, carrying out crop rotation, paying attention to soil disinfection, and paying attention to prevention and control of aphid-transmitted viruses in a growing season.

Southern blight: the sick plants with soil are moved out of the field and destroyed, lime powder is spread on the sick holes for disinfection, and 50 percent carbendazim or thiophanate methyl 500-1000 times liquid is irrigated around the adjacent plants.

Purple streaky feather disease: the method does not rotate with the sweet potatoes, can irrigate roots with 500 times of 50 percent carbendazim powder at the early stage of disease development, ditches and blocks the periphery of a diseased plant, and prevents germs from spreading along with the soil or flowing water.

Pest control: using tung seed cake to prevent and kill or prepare poison bait, using 50kg of wheat bran, bean cake, etc. to fry and flavour, adding 0.5kg of 90% trichlorfon raw medicine and adding 50kg of water to prepare poison bait, and applying 1.5-2kg per mu at evening or spraying lesben or bendio on earth surface.

⑤ shading comprises planting some Leguminosae plants beside furrow for shading.

(5) Harvesting: harvesting time: the harvesting time is determined in a traditional mode, preferably after summer and before big summer, after ginseng plants wither naturally and fall seedlings, the ginseng plants are harvested and dug in sunny days, manual harvesting is adopted, overground stem and leaf parts are removed firstly, the ginseng plants are placed into a basket, and finally the ginseng plants are cleaned to other places without remaining in the radix pseudostellariae planting field to prevent virus infection during planting again, a small rake is used for deeply digging for more than 13cm, root tubers are picked out, non-medicinal parts such as soil, grass roots and overground parts are removed, and the root tubers are placed into a clean and non-toxic bamboo basket or plastic basket.

Example 4: the method for planting the radix pseudostellariae is basically the same as that in the embodiment 3, and the difference is that:

(1) base selection: the water and soil are well kept, the water and soil are far away from pollution sources, two wastelands newly reclaimed for two years at the altitude of 600 + 1000 meters are suitable, and the drainage and irrigation conditions are good; the air environment quality of the base can reach the secondary standard of GB3095-96 atmospheric environmental quality Standard; the soil environment quality reaches more than the second grade of GB15618-1995 soil environment quality Standard;

(3) ⑥ sterilization in cultivation, namely spraying 600-800 times of common environment-friendly enzyme for soil sterilization within one week after planting;

(4) ④ pest control in field management:

prevention: spraying 1000 times of Chinese medicinal environmental-friendly ferment on leaves, spraying once in 7 days, 8 times, and spraying in the morning and evening.

Example 5: the method for planting the radix pseudostellariae is basically the same as that in the embodiment 3, and the difference is that:

⑥ sterilization in the cultivation step (3), wherein the common environment-friendly enzyme with 900-1000 times liquid is sprayed for soil sterilization within one week after planting;

④ pest control in field management in the step (4):

prevention: spraying 1000 times of Chinese medicinal environmental-friendly ferment on leaves, spraying once in 10 days, and spraying for 7 times in the morning and evening.

Example 6:

compared with the traditional radix pseudostellariae planting method, the method has the advantages of high yield, high pest damage rate and high pesticide residue

TABLE 1 comparison of yield, insect pest rate and pesticide residue for different planting methods

Experimental group	Mu yield (dried goods/Kg)	Pest attack Rate (%)	BHC≤0．1mg／kg、DDT≤0．1mg／kg
				Traditional planting method	90-150	87	Low rate of coincidence
Example 3	120-150	34	Conform to
				Example 4	125-157	28	Conform to
Example 5	135-160	20	Conform to

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive work within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A planting method for high-quality radix pseudostellariae with high yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting a base; (2) selecting germplasm; (3) cultivating; (4) managing the field; (5) harvesting;

the cultivation in the step (3) comprises land preparation, planting furrow opening, base fertilizer application, seeding, soil covering and disinfection; the specific method for applying the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring 80kg of organic fertilizer, 100kg of biological fertilizer activated phosphorus and 100kg of compound fertilizer per mu, applying the mixture into planting ditches, slightly covering the planting ditches with loose soil, and then sowing the seeds; the specific method for disinfection comprises the following steps: spraying 500-1000 times of common environment-friendly enzyme for soil disinfection within one week after planting;

the field management in the step (4) comprises intertillage weeding, topdressing, drainage irrigation, pest control and shading; the pest control comprises two aspects of prevention and control, wherein the prevention and control comprises leaf spot prevention and control, mosaic prevention and control, southern blight prevention and control, purple stripe disease prevention and control and pest control, and the specific prevention method comprises the steps of spraying 1000 times of liquid traditional Chinese medicine environment-friendly enzyme on leaf surfaces, spraying for 7-10 days once, generally spraying for 7-8 times, and spraying in the morning and evening.

2. The planting method of radix pseudostellariae with high yield and high quality as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the manufacturing method of the common environment-friendly enzyme in step (3) is as follows:

(1) weighing and proportioning raw materials: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of brown sugar, 3 parts of fresh abandoned vegetable peel and 10 parts of water;

(2) slicing vegetable peels: chopping fresh and thrown vegetable peels in parts by weight, and putting the chopped vegetable peels into a fermentation container, wherein the container can be made of porcelain, pottery or a glue barrel, and the size of the container is suitable for filling 1.5-2 times of the raw materials in parts by weight;

(3) uniformly mixing: pouring brown sugar and water in parts by weight into a container filled with the vegetable peel scraps, screwing a bottle cover, and shaking uniformly;

(4) fermentation: pasting a making date on the container, fermenting in shade for at least three months to avoid direct irradiation of sunlight, and unscrewing the cover to release air every day during the first month of fermentation.

3. The planting method of radix pseudostellariae with high yield and high quality as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine environment-friendly ferment in step (4) is as follows:

(1) weighing and proportioning raw materials: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of honeysuckle, 90 parts of fructus forsythiae, 75 parts of schisandra chinensis, 90 parts of isatis root, 60 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 30 parts of rheum officinale, 90 parts of gypsum, 90 parts of rhizoma phragmitis, 90 parts of radix rehmanniae recen, 60 parts of radix curcumae, 30 parts of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 60 parts of rhizoma acori graminei, 60 parts of pogostemon cablin, 1000 parts of brown sugar and 10000 parts of tap water;

(2) decocting gypsum: decocting gypsum in water for 45 minutes, filtering, and cooling to obtain gypsum water;

(3) uniformly mixing: adding the rest traditional Chinese medicines into a container according to parts by weight, pouring the brown sugar, the gypsum water obtained in the step (2) and the tap water in parts by weight, and shaking uniformly, wherein the container can adopt a porcelain, a pottery or a glue barrel;

(4) fermentation: pasting a making date on the container, fermenting in shade for at least three months to avoid direct irradiation of sunlight, and unscrewing the cover to release air every day during the first month of fermentation.

4. The planting method for radix pseudostellariae with high yield and high quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific conditions selected by the base in step (1) are as follows: the water and soil are well kept, the water and soil are far away from pollution sources, slope lands between the elevation of 600 + 1000 meters or two wastelands newly cultivated for two years are suitable, the drainage and irrigation conditions are good or the rice is planted before, and continuous cropping is not needed; the air environment quality of the base can reach the secondary standard of GB3095-96 atmospheric environmental quality Standard; the soil environment quality reaches more than the second grade of GB15618-1995 soil environment quality Standard.

5. The planting method for the radix pseudostellariae with high yield and high quality as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the germplasm in the step (2) is preferably as follows: selecting robust plants with plump bud heads, no damage and no diseases or insect pests for seed reservation, and selecting the plants as optimal seeds through purification, rejuvenation and disease prevention, wherein the purification is to remove mixed plants and variant plants; the rejuvenation is to remove weak plants and diseased plants, and select disease-free and strong plants for seed reservation; the disease detection comprises mosaic disease detection, specifically, the disease detection is carried out on small areas individually, the disease detection is carried out as soon as possible, and soil and plant residues are disinfected; large area generation should be transformed into production fields.

6. The planting method for the pseudostellaria heterophylla with excellent yield and quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for the land preparation in step (3) comprises the following steps: ploughing or manually digging, wherein the depth is more than 30cm, the arched furrows are required to be formed, deep ploughing and fine ploughing are required to be performed, soil is deep, loose, broken and flat, the arched furrows with the width of 80cm and the height of 25-30 cm are formed, working rows with the width of 30-40cm are built among the furrows, and drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery to prevent roots from rotting due to excessive rainwater; the specific method for making the planting furrows comprises the following steps: a straight-going groove with the width of 10-15cm and the depth of 7-10cm is formed on the ridge surface in the downslope direction; the specific sowing method comprises the following steps: 30-35kg of ginseng seeds are used per mu, namely, the plant spacing is 4-5cm, the row spacing is 10-15cm, the seeds are soaked for 30 minutes by using hymexazol and carbendazim before being planted, the seeds are drained, the drained seeds are vertically arranged on two sides of a ditch according to the plant spacing of 4-5cm, the bud heads are upward and are 3-5cm away from the soil surface, the bud heads are aligned, the row spacing is continuously 10-15cm, a planting ditch is opened, the ditch soil covers the front ditch, the seeds are placed again, and the like, and the optimal sowing time is in the middle and the last ten days of 11 months per year; the specific method for covering soil comprises the following steps: the depth of the soil covering is 3 cm-5 cm, namely the soil covering depth is 3 cm-5 cm from the upper surface of the bud head, and the ridge surface after soil covering is in a tile back shape.

7. The planting method for the radix pseudostellariae with excellent yield and quality as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the specific method of topdressing in step (4) is as follows: topdressing for 1 time after the radix pseudostellariae grows uniformly, and performing strip fertilization by using 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu; the specific method for draining and irrigating comprises the following steps: the radix pseudostellariae irrigation adopts a manual spraying method, and a plough layer 8-10 cm below the ground is preferably irrigated thoroughly for each irrigation; during drainage, ditch cleaning and drainage are enhanced, accumulated soil is found in the ditch, the accumulated soil is immediately drained, whether the drainage of the periphery and the furrow is smooth is checked, and if the drainage is not smooth, the ditch is timely dredged; the shading can be achieved by planting some leguminous plants beside the furrow for shading.