CN103688696A - Planting method for root and stem type traditional Chinese medicinal materials - Google Patents

Planting method for root and stem type traditional Chinese medicinal materials Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103688696A
CN103688696A CN201210367448.8A CN201210367448A CN103688696A CN 103688696 A CN103688696 A CN 103688696A CN 201210367448 A CN201210367448 A CN 201210367448A CN 103688696 A CN103688696 A CN 103688696A
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straw
seed
root
seedling
centimetres
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CN103688696B (en
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张耕耘
汪建
王俊
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Shenzhen Huada Gene Agriculture Holding Co ltd
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BGI Shenzhen Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

Abstract

The invention relates to a planting method for root and stem type traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Particularly, straws, rice husks or weeds cover an uppermost layer during planting, so that most of roots and stems of the planted traditional Chinese medicinal materials grow on the surface layer of the soil, and part of the roots and the stems are exposed in the straws, the rice husks or the weeds. The root and stem type traditional Chinese medicinal materials are suited to the planting method, and preferably, the traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as pseudo-ginseng, radix bupleuri, astragalus and gastrodia elata are adopted. According to the planting method disclosed by the invention, the growth conditions of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be conveniently checked, nursing in a growth process is facilitated, the root and stem type traditional Chinese medicinal materials are convenient to harvest, and the labor is alleviated.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of root and rhizome class traditional Chinese medicine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of Chinese herbal medicine, particularly a kind of root and rhizome class traditional Chinese medicine implantation methods, relates in particular to the implantation methods of a kind of pseudo-ginseng, radix bupleuri.
Background technology
Pseudo-ginseng, Panax Notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen, another name pseudo-ginseng, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, ginseng seven, Panax pseudoginseng, invaluable, mountain paint, Yunnan seven, rhizome of Scopulosus Bergenia etc., the herbaceos perennial of Araliaceae Panax.Pseudo-ginseng is a jewel in traditional Chinese medicine, in the pharmacy works < < of Qing Dynasty A Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica > >, record: " ginseng qi-tonifying first; pseudo-ginseng enriches blood first; taste with and merit also etc.; therefore claim Panax pseudoginseng, be the most precious person in Chinese medicine." Chinese patent drug " Yunnan Baiyao " and " sheet young Huang " of the China and foreign countries of becoming famous, the pseudo-ginseng of take is made as primary raw material.Its stem, leaf, Hua Junke are used as medicine.
Radix bupleuri, Radix Bupleuri, smokes another name, Asia puecon Hu, mountain dish, eats grass, faggot etc., herbaceos perennial.There is clearind deficient heat Chinese medicine, for cold, fever, fevers and chills alternate, malaria, stagnation of QI due to depression of the liver, sternal rib pain, prolapse of the anus, uterus come off, the effect such as irregular menstruation, radix bupleuri begins to be loaded in < < Sheng Nong's herbal classic > >, classifies as top grade.
In recent years, the demand of city's field alignment medicinal material increases year by year, and excessively digging causes its wild resource fewer and feweri.Therefore by wild Chinese herbal medicine artificial planting, become a trend.Artificial planting root and rhizome class traditional Chinese medicine has individual problem to be not easy to exactly gather, and gathers bad, just affects the quality grading of traditional Chinese medicine.
Therefore, to existing, by artificial cultivation kind or type that numerous medicinal herb growers accepted, cultivate, and batch production and supply market be current problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of root and rhizome class traditional Chinese medicine implantation methods of being convenient to results.It is characterized in that, during plantation, adopt straw, husk or weeds to cover one deck topmost, make the root and rhizome class major part of the traditional Chinese medicine of plantation be longer than upper soll layer, and part is exposed in straw, husk or weeds.
Root and rhizome class traditional Chinese medicine of the present invention can be Radix Glycyrrhizae, the red sage root, adder-wort, giant knotweed, the radix paeoniae rubrathe, asiatic moonseed, garden burnet, kuh-seng, polygala root, the root of gansui, radix ampelopsis, levisticum, the root of purple-flowered peucedanum, Jehol Ligusticum Rhizome, windproof, radix bupleuri, bark of ash, radix cynanchi atrati, Asian puccoon, blackberry lily, curcuma zedoary, rhizoma Gastrodiae, the root of large-flowered skullcap, adenophora tetraphylla, balloonflower root, rhizoma atractylodis, aster, Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, Rhizoma Sparganii, the tuber of stemona, sealwort, radix polygonati officinalis; The Radix Astragali, rhizoma cibotii, the root of fangji, the root of Chinese clematis, radix aconiti agrestis, the root of herbaceous peony, the coptis, rattletop, Phytolacca acinosa, Changshan, ginseng, pseudo-ginseng, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, notopterygium root, radix glehniae, rough gentian, Cynanchum glaucescens, paniculate swallowwort, glutinous rehmannia, teasel root, Radix Codonopsis, rhizoma cyperi, rhizoma typhonii, Paris polyphylla, asparagus fern, Chinese yam, bletilla; Rheum officinale, the fleece-flower root, the root of bidentate achyranthes, Radix Isatidis, the root of kudzu vine, radix scrophulariae, root of Chinese trichosanthes, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, rhizoma alismatis, rhizoma arisaematis, the banksia rose, smilax, turmeric, root tuber of aromatic turmeric; YANHUSU, monkshood, monkshood, radix pseudostellariae, rhizome of cyrtomium, Ligusticum wallichii, the root of Dahurain angelica, the tuber of pinellia, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, fritillaria thunbergii, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf etc.Preferred pseudo-ginseng, radix bupleuri, the Radix Astragali, rhizoma Gastrodiae etc.Particularly pseudo-ginseng and radix bupleuri.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of technical scheme, comprise the steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground: should select the gradient on the ground, well-drained gentle slope of 5-15 degree, be rich in organic humus soil or sandy loam;
2) seed treatment: the annual 10-11 month, select full shady maturation that 3-4 years raw sangqi ginseng plant the are tied fruit that reddens, take, put into bamboo sieve, rub with the hands and remove pericarp, clean, dry surface moisture.With 1000 times of seed soaking of 50% topsin, within 10 minutes, disinfect;
3) sowing: carry out program request with 5 centimetres of distance between rows and hills 6 cm x, then evenly spread one deck and mix fertilizer, furrow cover one deck straw; Described mixing fertilizer is well-rotted farmyard manure;
Preferably, can on straw, cover again Silver Grey Mulching Film;
4) seedling management:
(1) according to circumstances, water in time, timely venting ponding after rain, regularly weeding: during weather arid, should often water, timely venting ponding after rain,
(2) topdress seedling stage: take phosphate fertilizer as main, conventionally impose 3 times, after March, seedling all sprouted, carry out for the first time, in May, July, carry out respectively for latter 2 times; Preferred fused calcium magnesium phosphate, each per hectare consumption 2500kg;
(3) build shade, light transmittance is controlled at 8-15%, and ceiling light transmittance will change and be regulated according to the illuminance of Various Seasonal seedling stage;
5) transplant: Second Year is transplanted to land for growing field crops in January, 3 in December to the; Transplant on limit lifting, Bian Xuanmiao, limit; In the time of from the very first, be strictly on guard against damage root bar and brood cell; While selecting seedling, to reject disease, wound, weak seedling, and classification cultivation; Transplanting distance between rows and hills is 15 centimetres of 18-15 cm x; Transplanted seedling root system is as far as possible shallow, 0.1-0.5cm in soil, and transplanted seedling will carry out disinfection before cultivation; Be preferably with 300 times of zineb and dip root, after dipping, pull out immediately and dry and plantation in time; The preferred crop rotation in the land for growing field crops soil of 3 years to 5 years, or the soil of never planting pseudo-ginseng; Must guard against Solanaceae is previous crops;
After transplanting, straw on uniform spreading, the whole railway carriage or compartment of the horizontal uniform fold of the method face of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 8~10cm;
6) field management:
(1) mend straw: if any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time straw;
(2) trickle, draining: during arid, keep furrow face moistening, after heavy rain, prevent ponding; At arid season, frequent trickle to keep furrow face moistening, during trickle, should spray, can not sprinkle pouring, otherwise cause plant lodging.In rainy season, particularly, after heavy rain, remove in time ponding, prevent that root rot and other disease from occurring.
(3) scaffolding and adjusting light transmittance: three Seven Ups are cloudy, and artificial cultivation need be put up a shed and be shaded, available timber or concrete prefabricated row row culture canopy post, grid top bracing wire is made crossbeam, then is woven into grid with bamboo, lays ceiling lid.Canopy printing opacity is how many, and Panax notoginseng Growth is grown and had close impact.Printing opacity is very few, and plant is thin and delicate, and damage by disease and insect easily occurs, and it is few to yield positive results; Printing opacity is crossed sufficient blade flavescence, is prone to the principle that early stage wilting phenomena generally should be grasped " front rare, in close, rear rare ", and making pseudo-ginseng is 60%~70% in the light transmittance in spring, and the light transmittance in summer is 45%~50%, and the light transmittance in autumn expands as 50%~60% gradually;
(4) topdress: according to repeatedly a small amount of principle: seedling is spread fertilizer over the fields ash 2-3 time, every mu of use 50~double centner after sprouting and being unearthed; Execute the 4-5 month and mix fertilizer for 1 time, (as barnyard manure: ash=2:1 weight ratio), 2000 kilograms of every mu of use; The plot of reserving seed for planting is affixed by 15 kilograms of superphosphate; Behind winter clear garden, Mei Muzai application of mixed fertilizers 2000-3000 kilogram, described mixing fertilizer is well-rotted farmyard manure;
(5) pluck a kind of sedge: while there is flower a kind of sedge, extract all flower a kind of sedges, and spray the large spirit of medicinal material root on blade face; The described a kind of sedge of beating carries out at fine day;
7) results: transplant after 2 years or 3 years, gather in the crops according to growing state.
The present invention also provides another kind of technical scheme, comprises the steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground: should select the hillside terraced fields that are rich in organic humus soil or sandy loam; Use sufficient base manure, execute decomposed dung 2000-2500 kilogram for every mu, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, are evenly sprinkled into and turn over 25~30 centimetres, then carefully rake, and do flat furrow or 30 centimetres of standby sowings of wide high ridge of the wide 100-130 in side centimetre;
2) seed treatment: choose the radix bupleuri seed of life in 2 years, with the potassium permanganate seed soaking 10-15 minute of 0.5-1%, then radix bupleuri seed is mixed with burnt dust-ashes and makes seed ash by weight the ratio of 1:2;
3) the following planting system of choosing any one kind of them,
Live: first water permeable, treat that water oozes under, line-spacing 16-22 centimetre of drilling radix bupleuri seed pressed in hillside fields slightly at ordinary times.Ditch depth 0.2-1.0 centimetre, is evenly sprinkled into seed, earthing 0.1-0.5 centimetre left and right, then straw on uniform spreading in the above, the whole railway carriage or compartment of the horizontal uniform fold of the method face of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 8~10cm; Per hectare, with 22.5 kilograms of left and right of seed, keeps ground moistening, within approximately 10~12 days, emerges; Be preferable over freeze winter before or spring sowing, sow in spring and carry out in late March to early April;
Or seedling raising and transplanting: in sowing in spring, drilling or uniform broadcasting; 10 centimetres of drill spacings, draw little shallow ridges, and seed is evenly sprinkled in ditch, and earthing covers tightly; Slightly suppress, use watering can drinks, or first on the bed of cold bed, pour water, until water ooze lower after row sowing again; Evenly spread after seed, with bamboo sieve sieve last layer fine earth, covered furrow face, on sowing furrow, added a cover plastic film or cover one deck straw screen or mat, be beneficial to heat and moisture preserving; Treat that height of seedling 6-8 centimetre can take band soil block shoot transplanting equipment to land for growing field crops, transplants 16~22 centimetres of line-spacings, 6~12 centimetres of spacing in the rows, transplanted seedling root system is as far as possible shallow, 0.1-0.5cm in soil, then straw on uniform spreading, the horizontal uniform fold of method of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 8~10cm; After transplanting, to water in time;
4) field management
(1) mend straw: after coming up, remove in time weeds; If any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time straw.
(2) trickle, draining: before emerging, keep ground moistening, after heavy rain, prevent ponding;
(3) topdress: when seedling grows to 17 centimetres high, per hectare imposes 225 kilograms of superphosphate, 75 kilograms, urea;
(4) pluck a kind of sedge, pluck tiller: the florescence in 7~September, plant plucks a kind of sedge in time and excision is tillered except reserving seed for planting; And spray the large spirit of medicinal material root on blade face;
(5) insect protected: according to growing state, spray insecticide;
5) results: transplant after a year, gather in the crops according to growing state.
The technical scheme of the present invention protection is owing to being straw, husk or the weeds of cladding thickness 8~10cm, so that check the nursing in growing state and process of growth.Meanwhile, also facilitate results: directly raising straw can gather in the crops, and can also avoid the damage of common results.
Method of the present invention, because the omnidistance covering of straw within vegetative period can suppress weed growth, so need hardly weeding, reduces artificial.
Method of the present invention also comprises carries out insect protected as required, and diseases prevention, sprays corresponding agricultural chemicals.Such as pseudo-ginseng, incidental disease has root rot, rust, powdery mildew, cured leaf disease, anthrax, founds the diseases such as withered; Insect pest has that short hairs are hidden from, cutworm, wax are defeated, aphid etc.The incidental disease of radix bupleuri has root rot, spot blight and rust; Insect pest has aphid and yellow wind butterfly.Described these damage by disease and insect can adopt common method to select medicine to prevent and treat or treat, such as radix bupleuri: 600 times of liquid prevention spot blights of available 50% thiophanate methyl, spray in later every 15-20 days 1 time; By 1000 times of liquid spraying prevention rust of 25% triadimefon, within every 7-10 days, spray once continuous spraying 2-3 time; With 40% Rogor 800-1000 times of anti-the eliminating aphis of liquid spraying, with 300 times of liquid control yellow wind butterflies of bacillus thruingensis.
Although the present invention has only been to provide the plantation embodiment of pseudo-ginseng and radix bupleuri, above-mentioned these root and rhizome class traditional Chinese medicines are applicable this method plantation all, can regulate planting conditions and nursing condition according to the concrete traditional Chinese medicine of plantation.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is only for the present invention is described, and should not be considered as limiting scope of the present invention.Unreceipted concrete technology or condition person in embodiment, according to the described technology of the document in this area or condition or carry out according to product description.The unreceipted person of production firm of agents useful for same or instrument, being can be by the conventional products of commercial acquisition.
The straw of following examples can replace to husk or weeds.
Embodiment 1: the plantation of pseudo-ginseng
1, selection of land, whole ground: select the gradient on the ground, well-drained gentle slope of 10 degree, be rich in organic sandy loam;
2, seed treatment: the 10-11 month, the full shady maturation of selecting 3-4 raw sangqi ginseng plant the to tie fruit that reddens, takes, puts into bamboo sieve, rubs with the hands and removes pericarp, cleans, and dries surface moisture.With 1000 times of seed soaking of 50% topsin, within 10 minutes, disinfect;
3, sowing: carry out program request with 5 centimetres of distance between rows and hills 6 cm x, then evenly spread one deck well-rotted farmyard manure, furrow cover one deck straw; On straw, cover again Silver Grey Mulching Film;
4, seedling management:
(1) according to circumstances, water in time, timely venting ponding after rain, regularly weeding;
(2) topdress seedling stage: impose fused calcium magnesium phosphate 3 times, after March, seedling all sprouted, carry out for the first time, in May, July, carry out respectively for latter 2 times, each per hectare consumption 2500kg;
(3) build shade, light transmittance is controlled at 8-15%, and ceiling light transmittance will change and be regulated according to the illuminance of Various Seasonal seedling stage;
5, transplant: Second Year transplant in January, 3 in December to the to crop rotation 3 years and previous crops be not the land for growing field crops of Solanaceae; Transplant on limit lifting, Bian Xuanmiao, limit; In the time of from the very first, be strictly on guard against damage root bar and brood cell.While selecting seedling, to reject disease, wound, weak seedling, and classification cultivation.Transplanting distance between rows and hills is 15 * 15 centimetres; Transplanted seedling root system is as far as possible shallow, 0.1-0.5cm in soil, and seedling will carry out disinfection before cultivation; With 300 times of zineb, dip root, after dipping, pull out immediately and dry and plantation in time;
After transplanting, straw on uniform spreading, the whole railway carriage or compartment of the horizontal uniform fold of the method face of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 8cm;
6, field management:
(1) mend straw: if any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time;
(2) trickle, draining: during arid, keep furrow face moistening, after heavy rain, prevent ponding;
(3) scaffolding and adjusting light transmittance: puing up a shed and making pseudo-ginseng is 60%~70% in the light transmittance in spring, and the light transmittance in summer is 45%~50%, and the light transmittance in autumn expands as 50%~60% gradually;
(4) topdress: according to repeatedly a small amount of principle: seedling is spread fertilizer over the fields ash 2-3 time after sprouting and being unearthed, every mu with double centner; Execute the 4-5 month mix for 1 time fertilizer (barnyard manure: ash=2:1 weight ratio), 2000 kilograms of every mu of use; The plot of reserving seed for planting is affixed by 15 kilograms of superphosphate; Behind winter clear garden, execute again 2000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures for every mu;
(5) pluck a kind of sedge: while there is flower a kind of sedge, at fine day, extract all flower a kind of sedges, and spray the large spirit of medicinal material root on blade face;
(6) diseases prevention, insect protected: according to growing state, spray insecticide;
7, results: transplant after 2 years, gather in the crops October.Fine day unplugs straw when dry can choose receipts, and minority is buried also very shallow, pushs gently earth aside and can extract once drawing.
Embodiment 2: the plantation of pseudo-ginseng
1, selection of land, whole ground: select the gradient on the ground, well-drained gentle slope of 15 degree, be rich in organic sandy loam;
2, seed treatment: the 10-11 month, select full shady maturation that 4 years raw sangqi ginseng plant the are tied fruit that reddens, take, put into bamboo sieve, rub with the hands and remove pericarp, clean, dry surface moisture.With 1000 times of seed soaking of 50% topsin, within 10 minutes, disinfect;
3, sowing: carry out program request with 5 centimetres of distance between rows and hills 6 cm x, then evenly spread one deck well-rotted farmyard manure, furrow cover one deck straw; On straw, cover again Silver Grey Mulching Film;
4, seedling management:
(1) according to circumstances, water in time, timely venting ponding after rain, regularly weeding;
(2) topdress seedling stage: impose fused calcium magnesium phosphate 3 times, after March, seedling all sprouted, carry out for the first time, in May, July, carry out respectively for latter 2 times, each per hectare consumption 2500kg;
(3) build shade, light transmittance is controlled at 8-15%, and ceiling light transmittance will change and be regulated according to the illuminance of Various Seasonal seedling stage;
5, transplant: Second Year transplant in January, 3 in December to the to crop rotation 5 years and previous crops be not the land for growing field crops of Solanaceae; Transplant on limit lifting, Bian Xuanmiao, limit; In the time of from the very first, be strictly on guard against damage root bar and brood cell.While selecting seedling, to reject disease, wound, weak seedling, and classification cultivation.Transplanting distance between rows and hills is 18 * 15 centimetres; Transplanted seedling root system is as far as possible shallow, 0.1-0.5cm in soil, and seedling will carry out disinfection before cultivation; With 300 times of zineb, dip root, after dipping, pull out immediately and dry and plantation in time;
After transplanting, straw on uniform spreading, the whole railway carriage or compartment of the horizontal uniform fold of the method face of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 10cm;
6, field management:
(1) mend straw: if any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time;
(2) trickle, draining: during arid, keep furrow face moistening, after heavy rain, prevent ponding;
(3) scaffolding and adjusting light transmittance: puing up a shed and making pseudo-ginseng is 60%~70% in the light transmittance in spring, and the light transmittance in summer is 45%~50%, and the light transmittance in autumn expands as 50%~60% gradually;
(4) topdress: according to repeatedly a small amount of principle: seedling is spread fertilizer over the fields ash 2-3 time after sprouting and being unearthed, 50 kilograms of every mu of use; Execute the 4-5 month mix for 1 time fertilizer (barnyard manure: ash=2:1 weight ratio), 2000 kilograms of every mu of use; The plot of reserving seed for planting is affixed by 15 kilograms of superphosphate; Behind winter clear garden, execute again 3000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures for every mu;
(5) pluck a kind of sedge: while there is flower a kind of sedge, at fine day, extract all flower a kind of sedges, and spray the large spirit of medicinal material root on blade face;
(6) diseases prevention, insect protected: according to growing state, spray insecticide;
7, results: transplant after 2 years, gather in the crops October.Fine day unplugs straw when dry can choose receipts, and minority is buried also very shallow, pushs gently earth aside and can extract once drawing.
Embodiment 3: the plantation of radix bupleuri
1, selection of land, whole ground: should select the hillside terraced fields that are rich in organic humus soil or sandy loam; Use sufficient base manure, execute 2000 kilograms of decomposed dungs for every mu, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, are evenly sprinkled into and turn over 25 centimetres, then carefully rake, and do flat furrow or 30 centimetres of standby sowings of wide high ridge at wide 100 centimetres of side;
2, seed treatment: choose the radix bupleuri seed of life in 2 years, with 0.5% potassium permanganate seed soaking 15 minutes, then radix bupleuri seed is mixed with burnt dust-ashes and makes seed ash by weight the ratio of 1:2;
3, live: first water permeable, treat that water oozes under, hillside fields is pressed slightly at ordinary times 16 centimetres of bars of line-spacing and is sowed the last ten-days period in March; 0.2 centimetre of ditch depth, is evenly sprinkled into seed, 0.1 centimetre of left and right of earthing, then straw on uniform spreading in the above, the whole railway carriage or compartment of the horizontal uniform fold of the method face of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 8cm; Per hectare, with 22.5 kilograms of left and right of seed, keeps ground moistening, within approximately 10~12 days, emerges;
4, field management
(1) mend straw: after coming up, remove in time weeds; If any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time straw.
(2) trickle, draining: before emerging, keep ground moistening, after emerging, will often hoe up weeds;
(3) topdress: when seedling grows to 17 centimetres high, per hectare imposes 225 kilograms of superphosphate, 75 kilograms, urea;
(4) pluck a kind of sedge, pluck tiller: the florescence in 7~September, plant beats flower bud in time and excision is tillered except reserving seed for planting; And spray the large spirit of medicinal material root on blade face;
(5) diseases prevention, insect protected: according to growing state, spray insecticide; 600 times of liquid prevention spot blights of available 50% thiophanate methyl, spray in later every 15-20 days 1 time; By 1000 times of liquid spraying prevention rust of 25% triadimefon, within every 7-10 days, spray once continuous spraying 2-3 time; With 40% Rogor 800-1000 times of anti-the eliminating aphis of liquid spraying, with 300 times of liquid control yellow wind butterflies of bacillus thruingensis;
5, results: transplants after a year, when the overground part cauline leaf seedling after the 3rd year spring, soil thawed that naturally withers is excavated before sprouting.While selecting fine day dry, unplug straw and can choose receipts, minority is buried also very shallow, pushs gently earth aside and can extract once drawing.
Embodiment 4: the plantation of radix bupleuri
1, selection of land, whole ground: should select the hillside terraced fields that are rich in organic humus soil or sandy loam; Use sufficient base manure, execute 2500 kilograms of decomposed dungs for every mu, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, are evenly sprinkled into and turn over 25 centimetres, then carefully rake, and do flat furrow or 30 centimetres of standby sowings of wide high ridge at wide 100 centimetres of side;
2, seed treatment: choose the radix bupleuri seed of life in 2 years, with 1% potassium permanganate seed soaking 10 minutes, then radix bupleuri seed is mixed with burnt dust-ashes and makes seed ash by weight the ratio of 1:2;
3, live: first water permeable, treat that water oozes under, hillside fields is pressed slightly at ordinary times 16 centimetres of bars of line-spacing and is sowed the last ten-days period in March; 1.0 centimetres of ditch depths, are evenly sprinkled into seed, cover 0.5 centimetre of left and right, then straw on uniform spreading in the above, the whole railway carriage or compartment of the horizontal uniform fold of the method face of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right 10 thickness 8cm; Per hectare, with 22.5 kilograms of left and right of seed, keeps ground moistening, within approximately 10~12 days, emerges;
4, field management
(1) mend straw: after coming up, remove in time weeds; If any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time straw.
(2) trickle, draining: before emerging, keep ground moistening, after emerging, will often hoe up weeds;
(3) topdress: when seedling grows to 17 centimetres high, per hectare imposes 225 kilograms of superphosphate, 75 kilograms, urea;
(4) pluck a kind of sedge, pluck tiller: the florescence in 7~September, plant beats flower bud in time and excision is tillered except reserving seed for planting;
(5) diseases prevention, insect protected: according to growing state, spray insecticide; 600 times of liquid prevention spot blights of available 50% thiophanate methyl, spray in later every 15-20 days 1 time; By 1000 times of liquid spraying prevention rust of 25% triadimefon, within every 7-10 days, spray once continuous spraying 2-3 time; With 40% Rogor 800-1000 times of anti-the eliminating aphis of liquid spraying, with 300 times of liquid control yellow wind butterflies of bacillus thruingensis;
5, results: transplants after a year, when the overground part cauline leaf seedling after the 3rd year spring, soil thawed that naturally withers is excavated before sprouting.While selecting fine day dry, unplug straw and can choose receipts, minority is buried also very shallow, pushs gently earth aside and can extract once drawing.
Embodiment 5: the plantation of radix bupleuri
1, selection of land, whole ground: should select the hillside terraced fields that are rich in organic humus soil or sandy loam; Use sufficient base manure, execute 2000 kilograms of decomposed dungs for every mu, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, are evenly sprinkled into and turn over 30 centimetres, then carefully rake, and do the standby sowing of 30 centimetres of wide high ridges;
2, seed treatment: choose the radix bupleuri seed of life in 2 years, 1% potassium permanganate seed soaking 10 minutes, then radix bupleuri seed is mixed with burnt dust-ashes and makes seed ash by weight the ratio of 1:2;
3, seedling raising and transplanting: in sowing in spring, drilling or uniform broadcasting; 10 centimetres of drill spacings, draw little shallow ridges, and seed is evenly sprinkled in ditch, and earthing covers tightly; Slightly press, use watering can drinks, or first on the bed of cold bed, pour water, until water ooze lower after row sowing again; Evenly spread after seed, with bamboo sieve sieve last layer fine earth, covered furrow face, on sowing furrow, added a cover plastic film or cover one deck straw screen or mat, be beneficial to heat and moisture preserving; Treat that height of seedling 6-8 centimetre can be transplanted to land for growing field crops; Seedling will carry out disinfection before cultivation; By 1000 times of immersions of 50% thiophanate methyl, dip in root about 5 minutes, after dipping, pull out immediately and dry and plantation in time; Transplant 16~22 centimetres of line-spacings, 6~12 centimetres of spacing in the rows, transplanted seedling root system is as far as possible shallow, 0.1-0.5cm in soil, then straw on uniform spreading, the horizontal uniform fold of method of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 8cm; After transplanting, to water in time;
4, field management
(1) mend straw: after coming up, remove in time weeds; If any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time straw.
(2) trickle, draining: before emerging, keep ground moistening, after emerging, will often hoe up weeds;
(3) topdress: when seedling grows to 17 centimetres high, per hectare imposes 225 kilograms of superphosphate, 75 kilograms, urea;
(4) pluck a kind of sedge, pluck tiller: the florescence in 7~September, plant beats flower bud in time and excision is tillered except reserving seed for planting; And spray the large spirit of medicinal material root on blade face;
(5) diseases prevention, insect protected: according to growing state, spray insecticide; 600 times of liquid prevention spot blights of available 50% thiophanate methyl, spray in later every 15-20 days 1 time; By 1000 times of liquid spraying prevention rust of 25% triadimefon, within every 7-10 days, spray once continuous spraying 2-3 time; With 40% Rogor 800-1000 times of anti-the eliminating aphis of liquid spraying, with 300 times of liquid control yellow wind butterflies of bacillus thruingensis;
5, results: transplants after a year, when the overground part cauline leaf seedling after the 3rd year spring, soil thawed that naturally withers is excavated before sprouting.While selecting fine day dry, unplug straw and can choose receipts, minority is buried also very shallow, pushs gently earth aside and can extract once drawing.
Embodiment 6: the plantation of radix bupleuri
1, selection of land, whole ground: should select the hillside terraced fields that are rich in organic humus soil or sandy loam; Use sufficient base manure, execute 2500 kilograms of decomposed dungs for every mu, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, are evenly sprinkled into and turn over 30 centimetres, then carefully rake, and make the flat furrow at wide 130 centimetres of side;
2, seed treatment: choose the radix bupleuri seed of life in 2 years, 1% potassium permanganate seed soaking 10 minutes, then radix bupleuri seed is mixed with burnt dust-ashes and makes seed ash by weight the ratio of 1:2;
3, seedling raising and transplanting: in sowing in spring, drilling or uniform broadcasting; 10 centimetres of drill spacings, draw little shallow ridges, and seed is evenly sprinkled in ditch, and earthing covers tightly; Slightly press, use watering can drinks, or first on the bed of cold bed, pour water, until water ooze lower after row sowing again; Evenly spread after seed, with bamboo sieve sieve last layer fine earth, covered furrow face, on sowing furrow, added a cover plastic film or cover one deck straw screen or mat, be beneficial to heat and moisture preserving; Treat that height of seedling 6-8 centimetre can be transplanted to land for growing field crops; Seedling will carry out disinfection before cultivation; By 1000 times of immersions of 50% thiophanate methyl, dip in root about 5 minutes, after dipping, pull out immediately and dry and plantation in time; Transplant 16~22 centimetres of line-spacings, 6~12 centimetres of spacing in the rows, transplanted seedling root system is as far as possible shallow, 0.1-0.5cm in soil, then straw on uniform spreading, the horizontal uniform fold of method of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 10cm; After transplanting, to water in time;
4, field management
(1) mend straw: after coming up, remove in time weeds; If any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time straw.
(2) trickle, draining: before emerging, keep ground moistening, after emerging, will often hoe up weeds;
(3) topdress: when seedling grows to 17 centimetres high, per hectare imposes 225 kilograms of superphosphate, 75 kilograms, urea;
(4) pluck a kind of sedge, pluck tiller: the florescence in 7~September, plant beats flower bud in time and excision is tillered except reserving seed for planting;
(5) diseases prevention, insect protected: according to growing state, spray insecticide; 600 times of liquid prevention spot blights of available 50% thiophanate methyl, spray in later every 15-20 days 1 time; By 1000 times of liquid spraying prevention rust of 25% triadimefon, within every 7-10 days, spray once continuous spraying 2-3 time; With 40% Rogor 800-1000 times of anti-the eliminating aphis of liquid spraying, with 300 times of liquid control yellow wind butterflies of bacillus thruingensis;
5, results: transplants after a year, when the overground part cauline leaf seedling after the 3rd year spring, soil thawed that naturally withers is excavated before sprouting.While selecting fine day dry, unplug straw and can choose receipts, minority is buried also very shallow, pushs gently earth aside and can extract once drawing.

Claims (3)

1. the implantation methods of a root and rhizome class traditional Chinese medicine, it is characterized in that, during plantation, adopt straw, husk or weeds to cover one deck topmost, make the root and rhizome class major part of the traditional Chinese medicine of plantation be longer than upper soll layer, and part is exposed in straw, husk or weeds.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described root and rhizome class traditional Chinese medicine is pseudo-ginseng, radix bupleuri, the Radix Astragali, rhizoma Gastrodiae etc.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground: should select the gradient on the ground, well-drained gentle slope of 5-15 degree, be rich in organic humus soil or sandy loam;
2) seed treatment: the annual 10-11 month, select full shady maturation that 3-4 years raw sangqi ginseng plant the are tied fruit that reddens, take, put into bamboo sieve, rub with the hands and remove pericarp, clean, dry surface moisture; With 1000 times of seed soaking of 50% topsin, within 10 minutes, disinfect;
3) sowing: carry out program request with 5 centimetres of distance between rows and hills 6 cm x, then evenly spread one deck and mix fertilizer, furrow cover one deck straw; Described mixing fertilizer is well-rotted farmyard manure;
Preferably, can on straw, cover again Silver Grey Mulching Film;
4) seedling management:
(1) according to circumstances, water in time, timely venting ponding after rain, regularly weeding;
(2) topdress seedling stage: take phosphate fertilizer as main, conventionally impose 3 times, after March, seedling all sprouted, carry out for the first time, in May, July, carry out respectively for latter 2 times; Preferred fused calcium magnesium phosphate, per hectare consumption 2500kg;
(3) build shade, light transmittance is controlled at 8-15%, and ceiling light transmittance will change and be regulated according to the illuminance of Various Seasonal seedling stage;
5) transplant: Second Year is transplanted to land for growing field crops in January, 3 in December to the; Transplant on limit lifting, Bian Xuanmiao, limit; Transplanting distance between rows and hills is 15 centimetres of 18~15 cm x; Transplanted seedling root system is as far as possible shallow, 0.1-0.5cm in soil, and transplanted seedling will carry out disinfection before cultivation; Be preferably with 300 times of zineb and dip root, after dipping, pull out immediately and dry and plantation in time; The land for growing field crops preferred crop rotation soil of 3 years to 5 years or the soil of never planting pseudo-ginseng;
After transplanting, straw on uniform spreading, straw grass point is folded the whole railway carriage or compartment of the horizontal uniform fold of the method face of grass point, exposes the first half of seedling, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 8~10cm;
6) field management:
(1) mend straw: if any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time straw;
(2) trickle, draining: during arid, keep furrow face moistening, after heavy rain, prevent ponding;
(3) scaffolding and adjusting light transmittance: puing up a shed and making pseudo-ginseng is 60%~70% in the light transmittance in spring, and the light transmittance in summer is 45%~50%, and the light transmittance in autumn expands as 50%~60% gradually;
(4) topdress: according to repeatedly a small amount of principle: seedling is spread fertilizer over the fields ash 2-3 time, every mu of use 50~double centner after sprouting and being unearthed; Execute the 4-5 month and mix fertilizer for 1 time, 2000 kilograms of every mu of use; The plot of reserving seed for planting is affixed by 15 kilograms of superphosphate; Behind winter clear garden, Mei Muzai application of mixed fertilizers 2000-3000 kilogram, described mixing fertilizer is 2 parts of weight barnyard manure+1 part weight ash; Described mixing fertilizer is well-rotted farmyard manure;
(5) pluck a kind of sedge: while there is flower a kind of sedge, at fine day, extract all flower a kind of sedges, also comprise on blade face and spray the large spirit of medicinal material root;
7) results: transplant after 2 years or 3 years, gather in the crops according to growing state.
4, the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) selection of land, whole ground: should select the hillside terraced fields that are rich in organic humus soil or sandy loam; Use sufficient base manure, execute decomposed dung 2000-2500 kilogram for every mu, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, are evenly sprinkled into and turn over 25~30 centimetres, then carefully rake, and do flat furrow or 30 centimetres of standby sowings of wide high ridge of the wide 100-130 in side centimetre;
2) seed treatment: choose the radix bupleuri seed of life in 2 years, with the potassium permanganate seed soaking 10-15 minute of 0.5-1%, then radix bupleuri seed is mixed with burnt dust-ashes and makes seed ash by weight the ratio of 1:2;
3) the following planting system of choosing any one kind of them,
Live: first water permeable, treat that water oozes under, line-spacing 16-22 centimetre of drilling radix bupleuri seed pressed in hillside fields slightly at ordinary times; Ditch depth 0.2-1.0 centimetre, is evenly sprinkled into seed, earthing 0.1-0.5 centimetre left and right, then straw on uniform spreading in the above, the whole railway carriage or compartment of the horizontal uniform fold of the method face of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 8~10cm; Per hectare, with 22.5 kilograms of left and right of seed, keeps ground moistening, within approximately 10~12 days, emerges; Be preferable over freeze winter before or spring sowing, sow in spring and carry out in late March to early April;
Or seedling raising and transplanting: in sowing in spring, drilling or uniform broadcasting; 10 centimetres of drill spacings, draw little shallow ridges, and seed is evenly sprinkled in ditch, and earthing covers tightly; Slightly suppress, use watering can drinks, or first on the bed of cold bed, pour water, until water ooze lower after row sowing again; Evenly spread after seed, with bamboo sieve sieve last layer fine earth, covered furrow face, on sowing furrow, added a cover plastic film or cover one deck straw screen or mat, be beneficial to heat and moisture preserving; Treat that height of seedling 6-8 centimetre can take band soil block shoot transplanting equipment to land for growing field crops, transplants 16~22 centimetres of line-spacings, 6~12 centimetres of spacing in the rows, transplanted seedling root system is as far as possible shallow, 0.1-0.5cm in soil, then straw on uniform spreading, the horizontal uniform fold of method of the folded grass point of straw grass point, then compacting gently, every 667m 2with dry rice straw 1500kg left and right, thickness 8~10cm; After transplanting, to water in time;
4) field management
(1) mend straw: after coming up, remove in time weeds; If any straw gaps and omissions, supplement in time straw.
(2) trickle, draining: before emerging, keep ground moistening, after heavy rain, prevent ponding;
(3) topdress: when seedling grows to 17 centimetres high, per hectare imposes 225 kilograms of superphosphate, 75 kilograms, urea;
(4) pluck a kind of sedge, pluck tiller: the florescence in 7~September, plant plucks a kind of sedge in time and excision is tillered except reserving seed for planting, also comprise on blade face and spray the large spirit of medicinal material root;
(5) insect protected: according to growing state, spray insecticide;
5) results: transplant after a year, gather in the crops according to growing state.
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CN111771646B (en) * 2020-07-21 2021-11-05 李利华 Ecological interplanting method for blackberrylily rhizome and fructus aurantii
CN113170711A (en) * 2021-04-23 2021-07-27 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 Sand land cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus
CN113170711B (en) * 2021-04-23 2023-11-28 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 Sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus
CN114667893A (en) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-28 沧源奕岚佤医药开发有限公司 Cultivation method of important Va drug resource Polygala crotalarioides
CN114868615A (en) * 2022-06-20 2022-08-09 河南盛世中药产业研究院有限公司 High-ridging waterlogging-resistant cultivation method for pinellia ternata

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