CN113170711B - Sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus - Google Patents
Sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus, which comprises transplanting seedlings and fertilizing; the plant spacing of transplanting a plurality of seedlings is 15cm, and the row spacing is 40cm; the fertilizing position of each seedling comprises the lower part of the seedling and the two sides of the seedling. By adopting the fertilization cultivation method, the yield of astragalus, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of astragalus and the astragaloside IV content can be greatly improved, and the astragalus has good root system morphology and good quality. According to the fertilization cultivation method, accurate fertilization is realized through specific planting density and fertilization mode, and nutrient regulation and control of astragalus root layers are promoted; meanwhile, the method has positive effects on migration and transformation of available nutrients in soil, growth of plant roots and nutrient absorption, and can coordinate nutrient input of fertilizer and nutrient requirements of astragalus membranaceus; the method also determines the scientific and economic fertilization position and depth, saves the problems of mechanical cost and labor investment, and greatly reduces the production cost while realizing high-quality astragalus planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus.
Background
Astragalus mongholicus is a common medicinal plant, and has the effects of enhancing organism immunity, protecting liver, promoting urination, resisting aging and stress, reducing blood pressure and resisting bacteria. The main effective components in the astragalus root mainly comprise astragaloside IV, flavone, phenolic acid substances and the like, and the content of the main effective components determines the quality of the astragalus root. The content of the active ingredients is mainly determined by the cultivation and planting process of the astragalus.
With the rapid development of ecological agriculture in China, the method has higher requirements on sustainable production and ecological planting requirements of medical crop cultivation technologies. The astragalus membranaceus, in particular the astragalus mongholicus in mongolian, has cool taste, cold resistance, drought tolerance, heat resistance and waterlogging resistance, is suitable for being planted in sandy loam with deep soil layer, rich humus and strong water permeability, and is a drought-induced plant. The plant is mainly distributed in the regions of tin Lin Guole Bai Yinxi luxer, keshiteng Huang Gangliang and Bai Yinao bags of inner Mongolia, yan Shanshan regions of North China, daqingshan, manchurian mountain, xiao Wutaishan, constant mountain, wutaishan, lv Liangshan North and the like in mountain grasslands, bushes, forest edges, furrows and the like. Aiming at the actual current situations that the current astragalus mongholicus seedling cultivation technology is lagged, the water and fertilizer utilization rate is low, the yield is emphasized in production, and the medicinal effect components are ignored, and the like, the method is an urgent problem to be solved in the current cultivation technology.
In agricultural planting, reasonable planting density can optimize the crop group structure, coordinate individual growth and improve the utilization rate of resources. However, when astragalus is cultivated and planted in an actual artificial way, the situation that the design of planting density is not scientific exists generally, and in order to pursue the yield blindly, a potential yield increasing space is excavated, the planting is implemented by adopting a mode of continuously improving the planting density, and the close planting is an effective way for improving the crop yield widely recognized nowadays. However, the yield increase is realized by close planting, the density is too high to cause competition, the root system activity is reduced, the leaf function is declined, the effective photosynthetic radiation and the light transmittance are reduced, and the physiological function of crops is reduced. Especially for medicinal plants such as astragalus, the density not only affects the yield and physiological functions, but also affects the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites to be stressed. In researches, the astragalus root planting can lead to the reduction of the biomass of a single plant when the density is increased, but the accumulation of the pharmacodynamic active ingredients such as total flavonoids, total phenolic acids and the like can be improved.
In addition, in the prior art, there is no unified standard for high yield and efficient fertilizer application modes of astragalus mongholicus. In the aspects of fertilization modes and positions of various crops, the traditional fertilization modes are mostly broadcast, and the broadcast mainly has the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate, weak nutrient supply in root areas, nutrient loss, environmental pollution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sand cultivation method of astragalus.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus, which comprises the steps of transplanting seedlings and fertilizing; the plant spacing of transplanting a plurality of seedlings is 15cm, and the row spacing is 40cm; the fertilizing position of each seedling comprises the lower part of the seedling and the two sides of the seedling.
Further, the vertical distance between the fertilizing position below the seedling and the ground is 5 cm-15 cm, and the horizontal distance between the fertilizing positions at two sides of the seedling and the seedling is 4.5 cm-5.5 cm, and the fertilizing positions are covered in the soil.
Further, the fertilization positions on the two sides of the seedling are symmetrical with respect to the seedling.
Further, the vertical distance between the fertilization position below the seedling and the ground is 10cm; the fertilization positions on the two sides of the seedling are respectively 5cm away from the seedling.
Further, the step of fertilizing comprises first fertilizing and topdressing, and the two fertilizing amounts are equal.
Further, in the step of fertilizing, the dosage of each fertilizing is 50 kg/mu.
Further, when each fertilization is carried out, the fertilization amount of three positions below and at two sides of each seedling is equal.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a sand land block to be planted, turning over and ploughing, and carrying out the first fertilization; firstly, fertilizing at a position with a vertical distance of 5 cm-15 cm from the ground according to the plant spacing and the row spacing;
2) Transplanting the seedling, wherein the transplanting position corresponds to the fertilizing position in the step 1);
3) After transplanting, fertilizing the fertilizing positions on two sides of each seedling, and irrigating after fertilizing; at this time, the first fertilization is completed;
4) After the seedlings grow new seedlings, carrying out additional fertilizer on the lower part and the two sides of each seedling again, and re-watering;
5) And harvesting the rootstock after the seedling grows until the overground part of the seedling withers.
In step 1), the transplanting mode of the seedling is horizontal planting.
Further, each fertilization position in the step 1) corresponds to a midpoint position of each seedling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) By adopting the fertilization cultivation method, the yield of the astragalus can be greatly improved;
2) By adopting the fertilization cultivation method, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the astragaloside IV content of the astragalus can be effectively improved, so that the astragalus has high medicinal value;
3) By adopting the fertilization cultivation method, the astragalus has good root morphology and good quality;
4) According to the fertilization cultivation method, accurate fertilization is realized through specific planting density and fertilization mode, and nutrient regulation and control of astragalus root layers are promoted; meanwhile, the method has positive effects on migration and transformation of available nutrients in soil, growth of plant roots and nutrient absorption, and can coordinate nutrient input of fertilizer and nutrient requirements of astragalus membranaceus;
5) The fertilizing and cultivating method provided by the invention determines scientific and economic fertilizing positions and depths, saves the problems of mechanical cost and labor investment, and greatly reduces the production cost while realizing high-quality astragalus planting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the planting of astragalus seedlings of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of the astragalus seedling planting of the present invention.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. a fertilization position under the seedling, 2, a fertilization position on one side of the seedling, 3, and the seedling;
l1, the distance between the fertilization position at the lower side of the seedling and the ground;
l2, the horizontal distance between the fertilization positions on two sides of the seedling and the seedling.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The sand cultivation method of astragalus mongholicus comprises the steps of transplanting seedlings and fertilizing; the plant spacing of transplanting the seedlings is 15cm, and the row spacing is 40cm; the fertilization position of each seedling comprises the lower part and two sides of the seedling; wherein, the lower part of the seedling is positioned below the seedling and contacts with the seedling.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1-2, the fertilization positions on two sides of the seedling comprise two fertilization positions 2 on one side of the two seedlings; for the seedling 3, respectively fertilizing at a fertilizing position 1 at the lower side of the seedling and fertilizing positions 2 at one side of the two seedlings; the vertical distance between the fertilizing position 1 on the lower side of the seedling and the ground is L1, the range of L1 is 5 cm-15 cm, the horizontal distance between the fertilizing positions 2 on one side of the two seedlings and the seedling 3 is L2, and the range of L2 is 4.5 cm-5.5 cm and is covered in the soil.
Preferably, the fertilization locations 2 on both seedling sides of the seedling 3 are symmetrical with respect to the seedling 3.
Preferably, the vertical distance between the fertilization position 1 at the lower side of the seedling 3 and the ground is 10cm; the distance between the fertilization positions 2 on one side of the two seedlings and the seedlings 3 is 5cm respectively.
The fertilizing step comprises the steps of first fertilizing and topdressing, and the two fertilizing dosages are equal; and, when fertilizeing each time, the fertilization amount of three positions below and both sides of each seedling 3 is equal.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting sand plots to be planted, turning over and ploughing, and firstly applying farmyard manure as a basic fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 1000 kg/mu; and then, performing primary fertilization, namely firstly applying compound fertilizer and fertilizer synergist at a position with a vertical distance of 5 cm-15 cm from the ground according to plant spacing and row spacing.
2) Cultivating the seedlings in the horizontal planting mode at the fertilizing position in the step 1), wherein the transplanting depth of the seedlings is 5 cm-15 cm.
3) After transplanting, fertilizing the fertilizing positions on two sides of each seedling, wherein the applied fertilizers are compound fertilizers and fertilizer synergists; irrigating after fertilization; at this time, the first fertilization is completed.
4) After new seedlings grow out, topdressing is carried out on the lower part and the two sides of each seedling, and the topdressing amount is equal to that in the step 3); and water is again irrigated.
5) And harvesting the rootstock after the seedling grows until the overground part of the seedling withers.
The method is particularly suitable for planting the astragalus seedling in a sand environment in a horizontal transplanting mode, wherein the horizontal transplanting mode is a horizontal planting mode; the horizontal planting has the function of dwarfing plants, thereby reducing the lodging of the plants, improving the ventilation condition and effectively reducing the morbidity. The method also provides technical basis for properly increasing the field planting density and improving the yield per unit area. The stem buried underground is lengthened by horizontal planting, and the living part of plant roots is increased, so that the root system of the horizontally planted astragalus is obviously developed compared with that of the directly planted astragalus. Therefore, the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients are obviously improved, the seedling returning speed is high in the seedling stage, the survival rate is high, the accumulation of organic substances is more, the maturity is early, and the yield is high.
The fertilizer is a compound fertilizer and a fertilizer synergist, wherein the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the fertilizer dosage is 42.5 kg/mu, and the fertilizer synergist dosage is 7.5 kg/mu.
Compared with the traditional method, the fertilization step is divided into two steps, so that the fertilizer can be effectively utilized, and meanwhile, the absorption rate of the astragalus to the fertilizer is increased.
The sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus is particularly suitable for a variety of astragalus mongholicus.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention proves that the fertilization cultivation method has obvious effect through verification experiments.
In the embodiment, the Mongolian milkvetch root is grouped and planted according to different cultivation and fertilization methods, and after harvest, the yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, the astragaloside IV content, the effective root length and the root system morphology evaluation of each group of Mongolian milkvetch root are respectively measured.
The planting site of each experimental group in this embodiment is inner Mongolian tin Lin Guole-like damkesand.
The specific planting method of each experimental group in the embodiment is that young Mongolian astragalus seedlings are transplanted in a horizontal planting mode in spring, and fertilization and irrigation are carried out according to different fertilization positions and fertilization amounts; harvesting after the overground part withers; wherein, the irrigation mode is a conventional mode.
In this example, a comparative example was set when yield comparison was performed; the comparative example is the yield of astragalus mongholicus planted in the traditional planting mode in the last year; the traditional planting mode specifically refers to that after the astragalus mongholicus seedlings are transplanted to sandy land at the density of about 20 multiplied by 40cm, fertilization is carried out in a broadcast mode, the transplanting mode is mixed by horizontal planting and vertical planting, and the fertilization dosage is about 80-120 kg/mu; since the local traditional planting mode has no strict flow, the embodiment can only be compared based on the specific yield of the last year.
The specific grouping mode of the embodiment is that astragalus mongholicus seedlings are divided into a low-density experimental group, a medium-density experimental group and a high-density experimental group according to different planting densities, and the densities corresponding to each experimental group are plant spacing multiplied by row spacing respectively: 10X 40cm, 15X 40cm, 20X 40cm; in each experimental group, the astragalus mongholicus seedlings are further divided into examples 1-1 to 6, examples 2-1 to 6 and examples 3-1 to 6 according to different fertilization modes; the different fertilization modes comprise broadcast fertilization, seed fertilizer mixed strip fertilization, single side fertilization of the seedling, seedling lower fertilization and two side cross fertilization, wherein the horizontal distance between the fertilization position on the side of the seedling and the seedling is 5cm (error range + -0.5 cm), and the distance between the fertilization position on the lower side of the seedling and the ground is 5cm, 10cm and 15cm respectively.
In the embodiment, the total amount of fertilization of each experimental group is 100 kg/mu, and the total amount is the total amount; wherein, the fertilizer is applied once in the broadcasting and the strip applying, and the fertilizer consumption is the whole; when the single side and the lower part of the seedling are respectively applied, the seedling is applied twice, the first application is 2/3 of the total amount, and the additional fertilizer is 1/3 of the total amount; when the seedlings are applied under and on two sides in a crossing way, the seedlings are applied twice, the first fertilization dosage is 1/2 of the total fertilization dosage, and the seedlings are applied in three halves at three fertilization points each time.
The groupings of the examples are specifically shown in tables 1 to 3:
table 1 examples of different fertilization modes of the low density test group of astragalus mongholicus seedlings
Table 2 examples of different ways of applying fertilizer for density test group in young astragalus mongholicus
Table 3 examples of different fertilization modes of density test groups in astragalus mongholicus seedlings
In this example, the yield of astragalus mongholicus for each experimental group after harvesting is shown in table 4:
table 4 Astragalus root yield (kg/mu) of each example
As can be seen from table 4, in the three density experimental groups, the seedling lower part and the seedling two sides are used for cross application, and the distance between the fertilizing position under the seedling and the ground is 5cm and 10cm, and the yield of the Mongolian milkvetch root planted is the highest yield in the corresponding experimental group.
For the low density experimental group (10×40 cm), the Mongolian astragalus yield of each example is not more than 25% compared with the control group, and the highest yield of examples 1-6 is improved by 24.3% compared with the control group.
For a medium-density experimental group (15 multiplied by 40 cm), the yield of each embodiment is greatly improved, and the specific yield is increased by more than 50 percent; among them, examples 2 to 5 with higher yields were increased by 67.5%, and examples 2 to 6 with the highest yields were increased by 76.3%.
For the high density experimental group (20×40 cm), the Mongolian astragalus yields of each example exceeded 25%, but did not reach 30%. Among them, the higher yield of examples 3-5 was increased by 25.25% and the highest yield of examples 3-5 was increased by 27.30%.
According to the experimental results, the fertilization mode and the planting density are two important influence factors of the yield of the astragalus mongholicus, wherein medium-density (15×40 cm) planting is adopted, and the seedlings of the embodiments 2-6 are applied in a crossing manner on the lower part and the two sides of the seedlings, and the fertilization modes with the distance between the fertilization positions below the seedlings and the ground being 10cm are used for planting, so that the astragalus mongholicus can be greatly increased in yield.
In this example, for each example with higher yield in each experimental group, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization and astragaloside IV content were measured.
The method for measuring the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate comprises the steps of measuring soil samples of soil nutrient changes in root areas under different planting modes of respectively taking 20cm of soil beside crops after seedling planting, after seedling emergence and in the early harvest period, removing impurity root systems after sampling, air-drying, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve. A kind of electronic deviceThen respectively measuring the total nitrogen content by a Kjeldahl method and CaCl 2 After leaching, the AA3 type flow injection analyzer is used for quick-acting nitrogen content analysis, and the ratio of the latter to the former is the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.
In addition, the phosphorus and potassium were also measured in this example to investigate the utilization of both, the measurement method was 0.5mol/L NaHCO 3 Performing quick-acting phosphorus determination analysis by a molybdenum blue colorimetric method after leaching; NH (NH) 4 OAC leaching, flame photometry, and rapid potassium assay.
The determination method of astragaloside IV comprises randomly taking Mongolian radix astragali samples of different experimental groups in the examples to be tested for 6-10 months, cleaning with distilled water, cleaning plants with gauze, deactivating enzyme at 105deg.C in an oven, oven drying at 70deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and sealing with self-sealing bag. The astragaloside IV is determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography according to the quality inspection item of astragalus specified in the first part of Chinese pharmacopoeia of 2015 edition.
The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the determination result of the astragaloside IV content are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 Mongolian Astragalus nitrogen fertilizer utilization and Astragaloside IV determination results in examples with higher yield
As can be seen from the measurement results of table 5, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of both examples of the medium density experimental group (15×40 cm) was significantly higher than that of the low density experimental group (10×40 cm) and the high density experimental group (20×40 cm) compared with each other; further comparing the results of the measurements of examples 2-5 with examples 2-6, it can be seen that the nitrogen fertilizer utilization of examples 2-6 is significantly higher than the results of the measurements of examples 2-5. Therefore, the planting density with the plant spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 15 multiplied by 40cm is adopted, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of astragalus mongholicus can be remarkably improved by combining the fertilization mode of the cross application of the right under seedling and the two sides under seedling; when the distance between the fertilization position below the seedling and the ground is 10cm, the obtained astragalus mongholicus has the optimal nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium in the astragalus mongholicus is highest; therefore, by adopting the fertilizing and cultivating mode, the input of fertilizer nutrients can be effectively coordinated, the fertilizing amount is organically combined with the requirement of astragalus mongholicus on the nutrients to the maximum extent, and the efficient utilization of the fertilizer is realized.
As can be seen from the measurement results of Table 5, the astragaloside IV content of the two examples of the medium density experimental group (15X 40 cm) is significantly higher than that of the low density experimental group (10X 40 cm) and the high density experimental group (20X 40 cm) compared with each other; further comparing the results of examples 2-5 with examples 2-6, it can be seen that the astragaloside IV content of examples 2-6 is significantly higher than that of examples 2-5.
Specifically, for the astragaloside IV content, the pharmaceutical standard prescribed in the national formulary is not less than 0.04%, and the astragaloside IV content of two examples of the low-density experimental group (10×40 cm) only marginally meets the above standard; the astragaloside IV content of the two examples of the high-density experimental group (20X 40 cm) is slightly increased, but still not more than 0.05%, and is maintained at a general level; whereas both examples of the medium density experimental group (15 x 40 cm) exceeded 0.06%, especially up to 0.097% in examples 2-6, significantly higher than the other examples and also significantly higher than the standards specified in the national formulary.
Therefore, the planting density with the plant spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 15 multiplied by 40cm is adopted, and the astragaloside content of the astragalus mongholicus can be obviously improved by combining the fertilization mode of crossing application under the seedling and at the two sides of the seedling; when the distance between the fertilization position below the seedling and the ground is 10cm, the astragaloside IV content is highest; therefore, by adopting the fertilization cultivation mode, the nutrition absorption and metabolism of the root of astragalus mongholicus can be greatly influenced, and the content of astragaloside in the astragalus mongholicus is greatly accumulated, so that the medicinal value of the astragalus mongholicus is remarkably improved.
In this example, for each example with higher yield in each experimental group, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization and astragaloside IV content were measured.
For effective root length and root morphology, mongolian astragalus mongholicus in examples 2-6 of the medium density experimental group (15 multiplied by 40 cm) has the shortest effective root length, and meanwhile, the maximum diameter of the roots is 12.52cm, and the accumulation of each nutrient component in the root zone of crops is the highest, so that the Mongolian astragalus mongholicus is the best in quality among the three experimental groups.
The verification experimental result of the embodiment can be obtained by adopting the fertilizing mode that the plant spacing x row spacing is 15 x 40cm, the fertilizing positions below the seedlings are applied in a crossing manner and the distances between the fertilizing positions below the seedlings and the ground are respectively 10cm, so that the Mongolian astragalus mongholicus is high in yield, high in nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and high in astragaloside content, and meanwhile, the roots are good in quality, and the Mongolian astragalus mongholicus has good medicinal value.
According to the cultivation method, accurate fertilization is realized through the planting density and the fertilization mode, and the yield is improved through regulating and controlling the root layer nutrients of astragalus mongholicus; meanwhile, the effective nutrient migration and transformation of soil, the root growth of astragalus and the nutrient absorption are influenced by the fertilization position and depth, the nutrient input of the fertilizer and the nutrient demand of the astragalus are coordinated, the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is effectively improved, and the astragaloside IV content is also obviously improved.
In addition, by adopting the cultivation method, the mechanical cost and the labor investment can be saved, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
transplanting seedlings, wherein the plant spacing of transplanting a plurality of seedlings is 15cm, and the row spacing is 40cm;
after transplanting, fertilizing the fertilizing positions on two sides of each seedling, wherein the fertilizing positions on two sides of each seedling are symmetrical with respect to the seedling;
after the seedlings grow new seedlings, topdressing is carried out on the fertilizing positions below and at two sides of each seedling, wherein the lower part of each seedling is positioned below the seedling and contacts with the seedling, and the fertilizing positions at two sides of each seedling are symmetrical with respect to the seedling.
2. The method for cultivating astragalus membranaceus in sandy land according to claim 1, wherein,
the vertical distance between the fertilizing position below the seedling and the ground is 5 cm-15 cm, and the horizontal distance between the fertilizing positions on two sides of the seedling and the seedling is 4.5 cm-5.5 cm, and the fertilizing positions are covered in the soil.
3. The method for cultivating astragalus membranaceus in sandy land according to claim 2, wherein the vertical distance between the fertilization position below the seedling and the ground is 10cm; the fertilization positions on the two sides of the seedling are respectively 5cm away from the seedling.
4. A method for cultivating radix astragali in sand according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the step of applying fertilizer comprises applying fertilizer for the first time and applying fertilizer for the second time, and the amount of the two fertilizer applications is equal.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the fertilizer is applied in an amount of 50 kg/mu each time.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the fertilization amount of three positions below and on both sides of each seedling is equal each time fertilization is performed.
7. The method for sand cultivation of astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 4, wherein said method further comprises the steps of, before transplanting the seedlings:
1) Selecting a sand land block to be planted, turning over and ploughing, and carrying out the first fertilization; wherein fertilizer is firstly applied at the position with the vertical distance of 5 cm-15 cm from the ground according to the plant spacing and the row spacing.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the transplanting position corresponds to the fertilization position of step 1) when transplanting the seedling.
9. The method for cultivating radix astragali in sand as claimed in claim 7, wherein,
after transplanting, fertilizing and irrigating the fertilizing positions on two sides of each seedling; at this time, the first fertilization is completed.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the additional fertilization is performed on the fertilization positions below and on both sides of each seedling, and then water is irrigated again.
11. The method for cultivating radix astragali in sand as claimed in claim 7, wherein,
and harvesting the rootstock after the seedling grows until the overground part of the seedling withers.
12. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step 1), the transplanting mode of the seedling is horizontal planting.
13. The method according to claim 7, wherein each of the fertilizer applying positions in the step 1) corresponds to a midpoint position of each of the seedlings.
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