CN108094098A - A kind of high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam - Google Patents
A kind of high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam Download PDFInfo
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- CN108094098A CN108094098A CN201711369683.8A CN201711369683A CN108094098A CN 108094098 A CN108094098 A CN 108094098A CN 201711369683 A CN201711369683 A CN 201711369683A CN 108094098 A CN108094098 A CN 108094098A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high yield cultivating methods of Chinese yam, belong to technical field of crop cultivation.Comprise the following steps：1st, plot is selected；2nd, prepared by seed；3rd, site preparation and fertilization；4th, sow；5th, furrow is arranged；6th, built；7th, deep intertillage；8th, top dressing；9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；10th, harvest.The present invention is that the Chinese yam cultivation method that science is formulated plants initial defense pest and disease damage using the habit of Chinese yam as foundation, Fertilizer nutrient is sufficient, ensures that Chinese yam after planting can neatly emerge in time, fertilizer application frequency is few, yield is high, best in quality, excellent taste, and medicinal health value is high, high financial profit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high yield cultivating methods of Chinese yam, belong to technical field of crop cultivation.
Background technology
Chinese yam is also known as Chinese yam, native potato, sweet potato Chinese yam, RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China, Chinese yam, white Chinese yam, is《Chinese book on Chinese herbal medicine》The herbal medicine recorded, medicine
It is Dioscoreaceae plant Chinese yam dry rhizome with source.Chinese yam have nourish it is strong, aid digestion, hold back the effect of abnormal sweating, antidiarrheal；It cures mainly
Insufficiency of the spleen diarrhoea, cough due to deficiency of the lung, diabetes are quenched one's thirst, oliguria frequency, seminal emission, women is with lower and dyspeptic chronic enteritis.Chinese yam
It is full of nutrition, per 100g Chinese yam moisture contents 75g or so, 14.4~19.9g of carbohydrate, 1.5~2.2g of protein, fat
0.1~0.2g, Dioscin 50ug and B family vitamin, vitamin C, vitamin E, carbohydrate is based on starch.In Chinese yam
The mucin that is combined by mannosan and globulin of emplastic.Mucin is a kind of mixture of proteinpolysaccharide,
There is special health-care effect to human body, can prevent fatty depositing on angiocarpy, keep blood vessel elasticity, prevent Atherosclerosis
Change occurs to early；Subcutaneous fat deposits can be reduced；It can prevent the atrophy of connective tissue, prevention rheumatoid arthritis, chorionitis etc.
The generation of collagen disease.
Traditional yam cultivation technology is primarily present problems with：
1st, in Chinese yam produces, the effect of Chinese yam seed is different from general crop.It is new life to produce Chinese yam seed early period
It takes root, germinateing provides nutrition；When new life has absorption rich water, after growth ability, there are part nutrition, moisture that can enrich Chinese yam
It is gone in seed；When run into arid, liquid manure lack when, Chinese yam seed can again by itself store nutrition supply new life, such as
This plays adjustment effect repeatedly, and after the Frost's Descent, Chinese yam cauline leaf is withered and yellow, and Chinese yam seed can be itself all nutrition supplying
Underground new product is given, oneself becomes ghost and rots.Chinese yam seed and the aerial stem of plant of new life, underground product stem tuber are linked as one
Body is accompanied lifelong.In traditional Chinese yam production, Chinese yam seed size is left and taken, preferential to meet edible part needs, so
The part size done kind mixes, is different in size, and single weight is different, is a kind of normality.When Chinese yam is sowed, no matter length,
Size puts sowing at random, and each single plant growing way is caused to differ greatly, and also gap is larger for Chinese yam product head size, seriously affects
Chinese yam product quality and yield.
2nd, during traditional yam cultivation, general use exempts from Inter-tillage styles.But it finds in production, since Chinese yam gives birth to
Mechanical trench digging, mechanical support ridger have been carried out in production, and entire production process is no longer intertilled, and causes Chinese yam ridge ditch strong, permeability
Difference, 15-18cm unrooteds among ridge ditch, and peasant's top dressing is got used to chasing after among ridge ditch cause at fertilising Chinese yam root few or nothing
Root causes rich water to be lost in and waste, Chinese yam low output；
3rd, in traditional yam cultivation pattern, after planting, then seed covering support ridger is made real ridge face with plank Chinese yam, this is
Required process together.In Chinese yam production practices, it has been found that the benefit of this procedure is that the ridge helped out is beautiful, is run into
Spring rain, the integrality on ridge keeps preferable, but shortcoming is：Ridge face makes real that rear sunlight penetration rate is low, and soil warming is slow in ridge, soil temperature
Low, emergence is slow, and time-consuming；
4th, in Chinese yam produces, there is the fertilising of serious blindness, excessive fertilizations, as a result cause the low return of high investment；
5th, traditional yam cultivation mode, the high general 30-50cm of Chinese yam frame, uniline single rack, herringbone angle modulation intersect, Chinese yam
Seedling vine overlapping is coiled on frame, mutually cover, the Chinese yam lamina illumination on surface layer is sufficient, but internal and bottom blade illumination is tight
Weight deficiency significantly affects the photosynthesis of Chinese yam aerial part；
6th, traditional trench digging technology is to bore trench digging using machinery is single, and drilling speed is generally 300 revs/min, the broken degree of soil of back-out
Not enough, soil block is more.Chinese yam, if running into harder, larger soil block, can give birth in vertical lower bundle growth course to soil block gap
It is long, cause should be straight Chinese yam stem tuber, bend growth, and the Chinese yam appearance of output is lopsided, influences Chinese yam commercial grade.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam, to solve above-mentioned technical problem.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1st, plot is selected：Chinese yam was not planted in selection 8-10, and physical features is higher, level of ground water is relatively deep, draining side
Just, sandy loam/clay loam plot of good, the separate pollution sources of illumination condition；
2nd, prepared by seed
2A, seed selection：It for the Chinese yam beans or length of 50-80g is 10-15cm to select single plant weight, weight is 80-120g's
Chinese yam section does seed；
2B, bask seeds：Chinese yam beans is selected to do seed, are exposed to the sun before sowing 7-10 days；Chinese yam section is selected to be seed, 30- before sowing
It basks seeds within 40 days, is exposed to the sun 10-15 days；
2C, sorting：After the completion of basking seeds, first drying shrinkage after solarization, have the rejecting of scab, separated according still further to size；
3rd, site preparation and fertilization：50% fertilizer is uniformly first sprinkling upon earth's surface, then rotary tillage, having peace of mind, fertilizer will avoid for a long time
Exposure, with spread with plough；Trench digging line is set by the line-spacing of 90cm again, and the fertilizer of residue 50% is sprinkling upon on trench digging line, fertilizer will
Long-time exposure is avoided, after fertilising, excavates seed furrow along trench digging line immediately, the width of seed furrow is 20-25cm, and depth is
130-150cm；
4th, sow：The seed that step 2C has been sorted according to size is separately sowed, seed is neatly arranged and is held successfully in step 3
Seed furrow in, after spraying liquid along seed furrow, earthing immediately；
5th, furrow is arranged：After planting, steady and sure ridge bottom, leveling furrow, and to dredge furrow, waist ditch and stream, in order to
Draining prevents field ponding；
6th, built：Chinese yam budling is unearthed before 30cm, timely built, the high 150~180cm of frame, and double ridges are bundled into " people " word
Shape frame is reinforced with the strong plastic ties of one of iron wire or pulling force in frame top infall；Add two thick rod stents, both ends piling per 10m
It is fixed；
7th, deep intertillage：Emerging in Chinese yam, front and rear progress is once deep to intertill, and position is in furrow, depth 15-18cm, width
For 15-18cm；
8th, top dressing
8A, subterranean root top dressing：Mid-June carries out first time topdressing, imposes urea 10Kg per acre；Mid-July carries out the
Secondary top dressing imposes urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, potassium sulfate 10kg per acre；Mid-August carries out third time top dressing, per acre
Impose urea 10kg, potassium sulfate 10kg；
8B, foliage spray：After Chinese yam leaf expansion, a foliage spray was carried out every 7-10 days, sprays liquid per acre
30kg；
9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Chinese yam growth period carries out corresponding control measure according to different pest and disease damages, in principle
Adhere to using high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, disabling high poison, severe toxicity, persistent pesticide；
10th, harvest：After " Frost's Descent " solar term, after Chinese yam reaches full maturity, you can harvesting Chinese yam.
Further say：In step 2C, after the completion of sorting, seed is done using Chinese yam section, to carry out the vernalization of 20-30 days
Processing, plants Duan Luya, and maximum may not exceed 1cm；As occurred more than two buds simultaneously, when sowing, should stay one for one kind of section
Full bud, remaining is all removed.
Further say：In step 3, the fertilizer and amount of application is per acre：EM bacterium fermented bean dregs 100kg, urea 20kg,
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, potassium sulfate 25kg, zinc sulfate 1.5kg, boron fertilizer 1kg, iron fertilizer 10kg, fertiliser containing magnesium 10kg.
Further say：In step 3, seed furrows are excavated at a high speed using mechanical double bore, the machinery is double be drilled be equipped with it is front and rear
Two drill bits, preceding drill bit bore 1.2 meters deeply, and rear drill bit bores 1.7 meters deeply, and drill speed is 450 revs/min.
Further say：In step 4,200 times of liquid of carbendazim that the liquid of sprinkling is 50%, 800 times of liquid of tricyclazole and
The mixed liquor of 72% 300 times of liquid of first support.
Further say：In step 4, the sowing time is late March-early April；Thickness of sowing for 4000-4500 plants/
Mu.
Advantageous effect：The present invention is that the Chinese yam cultivation method that science is formulated, plantation is just using the habit of Chinese yam as foundation
Begin defence pest and disease damage, and Fertilizer nutrient is sufficient, ensures that Chinese yam after planting can neatly emerge in time, and fertilizer application frequency is few, and yield is high, quality
Excellent, excellent taste, medicinal health value is high, high financial profit.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described With reference to embodiment.
The high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
1st, plot is selected：Chinese yam was not planted in selection 8-10, and physical features is higher, level of ground water is relatively deep, draining side
Just, sandy loam/clay loam plot of good, the separate pollution sources of illumination condition；Specifically, earth's surface 30cm is selected as sandy loam/viscous
Loam or sandy soil, 30cm using down toward 150cm as noisy sand bed.
2nd, prepared by seed
2A, seed selection：It for the Chinese yam beans or length of 50-80g is 10-15cm to select single plant weight, weight is 80-120g's
Chinese yam section does seed；
2B, bask seeds：Chinese yam beans is selected to do seed, are exposed to the sun before sowing 7-10 days；Chinese yam section is selected to be seed, 30- before sowing
It basks seeds within 40 days, is exposed to the sun 10-15 days；
2C, sorting：After the completion of basking seeds, first drying shrinkage after solarization, have the rejecting of scab, separate, can effectively carry according still further to size
High Chinese yam product quality and yield；After the completion of sorting, seed is done using Chinese yam section, to carry out the vernalization processing of 20-30 days, kind
Duan Luya, maximum may not exceed 1cm；As occurred more than two buds simultaneously, when sowing, should stay a full bud for one kind of section,
Remaining is all removed.
3rd, site preparation and fertilization：50% fertilizer is uniformly first sprinkling upon earth's surface, then rotary tillage, having peace of mind, fertilizer will avoid for a long time
Exposure, with spread with plough；Trench digging line is set by the line-spacing of 90cm again, and the fertilizer of residue 50% is sprinkling upon on trench digging line, fertilizer will
Long-time exposure is avoided, after fertilising, excavates seed furrow at a high speed using double bore of machinery along trench digging line immediately, the width of seed furrow is
20-25cm, depth 130-150cm；Double be drilled with of the machinery is equipped with former and later two drill bits, and preceding drill bit bores 1.2 meters deep, rear drill bit
1.7 meters deeply are bored, drill speed is 450 revs/min, can effectively improve the broken degree of grogs, reduces Chinese yam deformity rate, improves Chinese yam business
Product grade；The fertilizer and amount of application is per acre：EM bacterium fermented bean dregs 100kg, urea 20kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, potassium sulfate
25kg, zinc sulfate 1.5kg, boron fertilizer 1kg, iron fertilizer 10kg, fertiliser containing magnesium 10kg according to Chinese yam regulation of fertilizer requirement and survey native big data carry out section
Learn rational application of fertilizers, significant effect.
4th, sow：The seed that step 2C has been sorted according to size is separately sowed, seed is neatly arranged and is held successfully in step 3
Seed furrow in, after spraying liquid along seed furrow, earthing immediately；The liquid of sprinkling is 50% carbendazim 200 times of liquid, tricyclics
The mixed liquor of 800 times of liquid of azoles and 72% 300 times of liquid of first support；Sowing time is late March-early April；Thickness of sowing is
4000-4500 plants/acre.
5th, furrow is arranged：After planting, steady and sure ridge bottom, leveling furrow, and to dredge furrow, waist ditch and stream, in order to
Draining prevents field ponding.
6th, built：Chinese yam budling is unearthed before 30cm, timely built, the high 150~180cm of frame, and double ridges are bundled into " people " word
Shape frame is reinforced with the strong plastic ties of one of iron wire or pulling force in frame top infall；Add two thick rod stents, both ends piling per 10m
It is fixed；Using this built mode, Chinese yam lamina dispersed distribution is shown in that light is abundant, and Canopy Apparent Photosynthesis improves, increase yield significantly.
7th, deep intertillage：Emerging in Chinese yam, front and rear progress is once deep to intertill, and position is in furrow, depth 15-18cm, width
For 15-18cm；Deep intertillage can once promote Chinese yam root growth, increase the absorption to rich water, improve rich water utilization rate, this skill
Art measure can make Chinese yam per unit area yield increase by 8% or so.
8th, top dressing
8A, subterranean root top dressing：Mid-June carries out first time topdressing, imposes urea 10Kg per acre；Mid-July carries out the
Secondary top dressing imposes urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, potassium sulfate 10kg per acre；Mid-August carries out third time top dressing, per acre
Impose urea 10kg, potassium sulfate 10kg；
8B, foliage spray：After Chinese yam leaf expansion, a foliage spray was carried out every 7-10 days, sprays liquid per acre
30kg；
9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Chinese yam growth period carries out corresponding control measure according to different pest and disease damages, in principle
Adhere to using high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, disabling high poison, severe toxicity, persistent pesticide；
The Major Diseases of Chinese yam have anthracnose, white puckery disease, brown spot, graywall, spot blight, stem rot, nematodiasis；Mainly
Insect pest has black cutworm, grub, mole cricket, twill night pretty young woman, sawfly.
The tikka class disease such as 9A, anthracnose, brown spot：72% thiophanate methyl, 500 times of liquid, 50% carbendazim are just sprayed in morbidity
300 times of liquid, 65% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid preventions；
9B, base rot disease, root rot：Start May to fall ill, 7, August most contain, using crop rotation or tricyclazole 500 times of liquid, 72%
300 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl, 50% benomyl, 300 times of liquid irrigating roots；
9C, root-knot nematode, pratylenchus disease：Chemicals treatment soil before sowing is mixed per acre with 5% ethoprop granule 5kg
Fine earth 100kg is moistened, trench digging uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in potato seed both sides or uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields with reference to site preparation, and bury 25~30cm；
The subterranean pest-insects such as 9D, mole cricket, grub, wireworm, black cutworm：2 50% phoxim 300-500ml can be used per acre,
General line concentration of applying and ditch is applied when dregs of beans or wheat bran being added to mix rear rotary tillage thoroughly.
10th, harvest：After " Frost's Descent " solar term, after Chinese yam reaches full maturity, you can harvesting Chinese yam.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
(1) plot is selected：Chinese yam was not planted in selection 8-10, and physical features is higher, level of ground water is relatively deep, draining is convenient,
Illumination condition is good, sandy loam/clay loam plot away from pollution sources；
(2) prepared by seed
(2A) chooses seeds：To select single plant weight for the Chinese yam beans or length of 50-80g be 10-15cm, the mountain that weight is 80-120g
Medicine section does seed；
(2B) basks seeds：Chinese yam beans is selected to do seed, are exposed to the sun before sowing 7-10 days；Chinese yam section is selected to do seed, 30-40 days before sowing
It basks seeds, is exposed to the sun 10-15 days；
(2C) is sorted：After the completion of basking seeds, first drying shrinkage after solarization, have the rejecting of scab, separated according still further to size；
(3) site preparation and fertilization：50% fertilizer is uniformly first sprinkling upon earth's surface, then rotary tillage, having peace of mind, fertilizer will avoid exposing for a long time
Shine, with spread with plough；Trench digging line is set by the line-spacing of 90cm again, and the fertilizer of residue 50% is sprinkling upon on trench digging line, fertilizer will be kept away
Exempt from long-time exposure, after fertilising, excavate seed furrow along trench digging line immediately, the width of seed furrow is 20-25cm, depth 130-
150cm；
(4) sow：The seed that step (2C) has sorted according to size is separately sowed, seed is neatly arranged and is opened in step (3)
In good seed furrow, after spraying liquid along seed furrow, earthing immediately；
(5) furrow is arranged：After planting, steady and sure ridge bottom, leveling furrow, and to dredge furrow, waist ditch and stream, in order to arrange
Water prevents field ponding；
(6) built：Chinese yam budling is unearthed before 30cm, timely built, the high 150~180cm of frame, and double ridges are bundled into " people " font
Frame is reinforced with the strong plastic ties of one of iron wire or pulling force in frame top infall；Add two thick rod stents per 10m, both ends piling is solid
It is fixed；
(7) deep intertillage：Emerging in Chinese yam, front and rear progress is once deep to intertill, and position is in furrow, depth 15-18cm, and width is
15-18cm；
(8) top dressing
(8A) subterranean root top dressing：Mid-June carries out first time topdressing, imposes urea 10Kg per acre；It carries out mid-July second
Top dressing imposes urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, potassium sulfate 10kg per acre；Mid-August carries out third time top dressing, imposes per acre
Urea 10kg, potassium sulfate 10kg；
(8B) foliage spray：After Chinese yam leaf expansion, a foliage spray was carried out every 7-10 days, sprays liquid per acre
30kg；
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Chinese yam growth period carries out corresponding control measure according to different pest and disease damages, in principle will heavily fortified point
It holds using high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, disabling high poison, severe toxicity, persistent pesticide；
(10) harvest：After " Frost's Descent " solar term, after Chinese yam reaches full maturity, you can harvesting Chinese yam.
2. the high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2C), after the completion of sorting, adopt
Seed is done with Chinese yam section, the vernalization processing of 20-30 days is carried out, plant Duan Luya, maximum may not exceed 1cm；One kind
As there are more than two buds simultaneously in section, and when sowing should stay a full bud, remaining is all removed.
3. the high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3), the fertilizer and per acre
Amount of application is：EM bacterium fermented bean dregs 100kg, urea 20kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, potassium sulfate 25kg, zinc sulfate 1.5kg, boron fertilizer
1kg, iron fertilizer 10kg, fertiliser containing magnesium 10kg.
4. the high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is high using mechanical double brills in step (3)
Speed excavates seed furrow, and mechanical double be drilled with is equipped with former and later two drill bits, and preceding drill bit brill is 1.2 meters deep, and rear drill bit bores 1.7 meters deeply,
Drill speed is 450 revs/min.
5. the high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (4), the liquid of sprinkling is
The mixed liquor of 50% 200 times of liquid of carbendazim, 800 times of liquid of tricyclazole and 72% 300 times of liquid of first support.
6. the high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (4), the sowing time is March
The last ten-days period-early April；Thickness of sowing is 4000-4500 plants/acre.
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| CN109020758A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2018-12-18 | 湖北文理学院 | A kind of base manure and preparation method thereof suitable for Xiangyang yam planting |
| CN109105189A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2019-01-01 | 榆林市农业科学研究院 | A kind of yam planting method of wind sand grass shoal area |
| CN109122155A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-04 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of measuring method that Different Fertilization mode influences Chinese yam growing state |
| CN110036853A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 菏泽学院 | A method of in arid desert soil area, water-fertilizer integral is begun sowing in good time Chinese yam |
| CN110036854A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 菏泽学院 | A method of cultivation Chinese yam is broadcast in arid desert soil area water-fertilizer integral evening |
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