CN114847107A - Continuous cropping planting method for improving yield of Chinese yam - Google Patents
Continuous cropping planting method for improving yield of Chinese yam Download PDFInfo
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- CN114847107A CN114847107A CN202210529409.7A CN202210529409A CN114847107A CN 114847107 A CN114847107 A CN 114847107A CN 202210529409 A CN202210529409 A CN 202210529409A CN 114847107 A CN114847107 A CN 114847107A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2101/00—Chemical composition of materials used in disinfecting, sterilising or deodorising
- A61L2101/32—Organic compounds
- A61L2101/44—Heterocyclic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam, which comprises the following steps: selecting land and preparing land; a dazomet medicament is scattered into the planting ditch, and a mulching film is covered for disinfection after watering; applying a microbial agent into the planting furrows; sowing the Chinese yam tubers in the planting ditches, and covering a soil layer; and performing daily field management. According to the invention, before the Chinese yam is planted, a proper amount of dazomet agent and microbial agent are sequentially adopted for treatment, so that the Chinese yam obtained by planting has small pest and disease damage, thick and long tuber and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam.
Background
Yam, also known as yam, a dioscorea plant, an annual or perennial herbaceous vine, is widely distributed in China. The Chinese yam is a monocotyledon twining vine which lives for many years in one year and has high medicinal and use and economic values, but the Chinese yam is a continuous cropping sensitive crop, continuous cropping of the Chinese yam can destroy the microbial population structure of a soil plough layer, inhibit the activity of soil enzymes and reduce the soil fertility, and all indexes of the quality of the Chinese yam can be gradually reduced along with the increase of the continuous cropping age. Therefore, how to improve various indexes of the continuous cropping Chinese yam becomes a key for planting the continuous cropping Chinese yam. But at present, researches on how to plant continuous cropping Chinese yam to solve the continuous cropping obstacle of Chinese yam are less.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a continuous cropping planting method for the yield of Chinese yam.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land and preparing land;
(2) a dazomet medicament is scattered into the planting ditch, and a mulching film is covered for disinfection after watering;
(3) applying a microbial agent into the planting furrows;
(4) sowing the Chinese yam tubers in the planting ditches, and covering a soil layer;
(5) and performing daily field management.
Preferably, in the step (2), the dosage of the dazomet medicament in the planting furrows is 40-50 g/m.
Preferably, the microbial agent comprises a mixture of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and EM concentrated bacteria.
Preferably, the colony number of the bacillus licheniformis is 1000 hundred million CFU/g, and the dosage of the bacillus licheniformis in the planting ditch is 10-20 g/m.
Preferably, the number of the bacterial colonies of the bacillus subtilis is 1000 hundred million CFU/g, and the using amount of the bacillus subtilis in the planting ditch is 10-20 g/m.
Preferably, the colony number of the bacillus mucilaginosus is 1000 hundred million CFU/g, and the using amount of the bacillus mucilaginosus in the planting furrows is 0.2-0.3 g/m.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical means, the effective viable count of the EM-enriched bacteria is 3X 10 10 ～4×10 10 The number of the EM concentrated bacteria is 1-2 g/g, and the amount of the EM concentrated bacteria in the planting ditch is 1-2 g/m.
Preferably, the Chinese yam is planted in double furrows by ridging, the plant spacing is controlled to be 18-25 cm, and the row spacing is controlled to be 75-85 cm.
Preferably, the time for sterilization is 5 to 8 days.
When the method is used for selecting the land, sandy loam with deep soil layer, strong water and fertility retention and good air permeability needs to be selected, and the soil is loose, fertile and neutral.
The daily field management method provided by the invention comprises seedling bud management, pest control and harvesting, and the management methods are common management methods in the field and are not described any more.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the continuous cropping Chinese yam is planted, the proper amount of dazomet medicament is adopted to disinfect the planting furrows, and then the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the EM concentrated bacteria are sequentially and uniformly applied to the disinfected planting furrows, so that the yield of the continuous cropping Chinese yam is effectively improved. The dazomet pesticide is a low-toxicity broad-spectrum soil fumigant, and can be decomposed into toxic methyl isothiocyanate, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide and the like in soil, so that bacteria, fungi, nematodes, weed seeds and the like in the soil can be effectively killed, and the disease degree of Chinese yam in growth can be effectively reduced. According to the invention, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and EM concentrated bacteria are compounded to be used as a microbial fertilizer, the dosage of various microbial agents is effectively adjusted, the compounded microbial fertilizer has obvious antibacterial activity and stress resistance, and can kill pathogenic bacteria generated in the continuous cropping soil of the Chinese yam, so that the disease resistance of the Chinese yam is increased, and the yield of the Chinese yam is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the following examples and in comparison with the planting field in comparative example 1, the dense test station of vegetable research institute called Hujiazhuang test base, the test soil is sandy loam, and the test soil is a continuous cropping field for planting Chinese yam for two years.
The purity of dazomet agent in the following examples and comparative examples was 98%, provided by cissumac; 1000 hundred million CFU/g Bacillus licheniformis, 1000 hundred million CFU/g Bacillus subtilis, 50 hundred million CFU/g Bacillus mucilaginosus, effective viable count of 5 x 10 10 EM concentrated bacteria are all provided by Yihao biology, Inc.
Example 1
S1: deeply ploughing the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 100-120cm, and removing bricks, stones, plastics, domestic garbage and the like in a deep ploughing layer;
s2: ridging and ditching in deep ploughed land, adopting double-ditch planting, before sowing, scattering a dazzling agent into dug planting ditches, controlling the dosage of the dazzling agent in each row of planting ditches to be 40g/m, then watering in proper amount, and covering a mulching film for disinfection for 7 days;
s3: uncovering the mulching film, and uniformly applying bacillus licheniformis with 1000 hundred million CFU/g of bacterial colony, bacillus subtilis with 1000 hundred million CFU/g of bacterial colony, bacillus mucilaginosus with 1000 hundred million CFU/g of bacterial colony and 5 multiplied by 10 effective viable bacteria into the disinfected planting furrows in sequence 10 The usage amount of the EM concentrated bacteria in each row of planting groove bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and EM concentrated bacteria is respectively as follows: 10g/m, 0.2g/m, 1 g/m;
s4: selecting Chinese yam tubers left for the last year, wherein the Chinese yam tubers are consistent in size and weigh about 100-150 g, placing the selected Chinese yam tubers in the dug planting ditches, controlling the plant spacing to be 20cm and the row spacing to be 80cm, then covering a soil layer, and controlling the soil covering depth to be 10-15 cm;
s5: performing daily field management; comprises the steps of sprout management, pest control and harvesting.
Example 2
S1: selecting land and preparing land; deeply ploughing the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 100-120cm, and removing bricks, stones, plastics, domestic garbage and the like in a deep ploughing layer;
s2: ridging and ditching in deep ploughed land, adopting double-ditch planting, before sowing, scattering a dazzling agent into dug planting ditches, controlling the dosage of the dazzling agent in each row of planting ditches to be 50g/m, then watering in proper amount, and covering a mulching film for disinfection for 7 days;
s3: uncovering the mulching film, and uniformly applying bacillus licheniformis with 1000 hundred million CFU/g of bacterial colony, bacillus subtilis with 1000 hundred million CFU/g of bacterial colony, bacillus mucilaginosus with 1000 hundred million CFU/g of bacterial colony and 5 multiplied by 10 effective viable bacteria into the disinfected planting furrows in sequence 10 The usage amount of the EM concentrated bacteria in each row of planting groove bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and EM concentrated bacteria is respectively as follows: 20g/m, 0.3g/m, 2 g/m;
s4: selecting Chinese yam tubers left for the last year, wherein the Chinese yam tubers are consistent in size and weigh about 100-150 g, placing the selected Chinese yam tubers in the dug planting ditches, controlling the plant spacing to be 20cm and the row spacing to be 80cm, and then covering a soil layer; controlling the depth of the covering soil to be 10-15 cm;
s5: performing daily field management; comprises the steps of sprout management, pest control and harvesting.
Example 3
S1: selecting land and preparing land; deeply ploughing the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 100-120cm, and removing bricks, stones, plastics, domestic garbage and the like in a deep ploughing layer;
s2: ridging and ditching in deep ploughed land, adopting double-ditch planting, before sowing, scattering a dazzling agent into dug planting ditches, controlling the dosage of the dazzling agent in each row of planting ditches to be 45g/m, then watering in proper amount, and covering a mulching film for disinfection for 7 days;
s3: uncovering the mulching film, and uniformly applying bacillus licheniformis with 1000 hundred million CFU/g of bacterial colony, bacillus subtilis with 1000 hundred million CFU/g of bacterial colony, bacillus mucilaginosus with 1000 hundred million CFU/g of bacterial colony and 5 multiplied by 10 effective viable bacteria into the disinfected planting furrows in sequence 10 The usage amount of the EM concentrated bacteria in each row of planting groove bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and EM concentrated bacteria is respectively as follows: 15g/m, 0.25g/m, 1.25 g/m;
s4: selecting Chinese yam tubers left for the last year, wherein the Chinese yam tubers are consistent in size and weigh about 100-150 g, placing the selected Chinese yam tubers in the dug planting ditches, controlling the plant spacing to be 20cm and the row spacing to be 80cm, and then covering a soil layer; controlling the depth of the covering soil to be 10-15 cm;
s5: performing daily field management; comprises the steps of sprout management, pest control and harvesting.
Comparative example 1
S1: deeply ploughing the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 100-120cm, and removing bricks, stones, plastics, domestic garbage and the like in a deep ploughing layer;
s2: ridging and ditching in deep ploughed land, adopting double-ditch planting, before sowing, scattering a dazzling agent into dug planting ditches, controlling the dosage of the dazzling agent in each row of planting ditches to be 45g/m, then watering in proper amount, and covering a mulching film for disinfection for 7 days;
s3: selecting Chinese yam tubers left for the last year, wherein the Chinese yam tubers are consistent in size and about 100-150 g in weight, placing the selected Chinese yam tubers in the dug planting ditches, and then covering a soil layer; controlling the depth of the covering soil to be 10-15 cm;
s4: performing daily field management; comprises the steps of sprout management, pest control and harvesting.
Comparative example 2
S1: deeply ploughing the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 100-120cm, and removing bricks, stones, plastics, domestic garbage and the like in a deep ploughing layer;
s2: ridging and ditching in deep ploughed land, adopting double-ditch planting, uniformly applying bacillus licheniformis with the bacterial colony number of 1000 hundred million CFU/g into the disinfected planting ditches before sowing, wherein the using amount of the bacillus licheniformis in each row of the planting ditches is 15 g/m;
s3: selecting Chinese yam tubers left for the last year, wherein the Chinese yam tubers are consistent in size and about 150 g in weight, placing the selected Chinese yam tubers in the dug planting ditches, and then covering a soil layer; controlling the depth of the covering soil to be 10-15 cm;
s4: performing daily field management; comprises the steps of sprout management, pest control and harvesting.
Comparative example 3
S1: deeply ploughing the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 100-120cm, and removing bricks, stones, plastics, domestic garbage and the like in a deep ploughing layer;
s2: ridging and ditching in deep ploughed land, adopting double-ditch planting, uniformly applying bacillus subtilis with the bacterial colony number of 1000 hundred million CFU/g into the dug planting ditches before sowing, wherein the using amount of the bacillus subtilis in each row of the planting ditches is 15 g/m;
s3: selecting Chinese yam tubers left for the last year, wherein the Chinese yam tubers are consistent in size and about 150 g in weight, placing the selected Chinese yam tubers in the dug planting ditches, and then covering a soil layer; controlling the depth of the covering soil to be 10-15 cm;
s4: performing daily field management; comprises the steps of sprout management, pest control and harvesting.
Comparative example 4
S1, deeply ploughing the soil, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 100-120cm, and removing bricks, stones, plastics, domestic garbage and the like in a deep ploughing layer;
s2: ridging and ditching in deep ploughed land, adopting double-ditch planting, uniformly applying bacillus mucilaginosus with the colony number of 1000 hundred million CFU/g into the dug planting ditches before sowing, wherein the using amount of the bacillus mucilaginosus in each row of the planting ditches is 0.25 g/m;
s3: selecting Chinese yam tubers left for the last year, wherein the Chinese yam tubers are consistent in size and about 150 g in weight, placing the selected Chinese yam tubers in the dug planting ditches, and then covering a soil layer; controlling the depth of the covering soil to be 10-15 cm;
s4: performing daily field management; comprises the steps of sprout management, pest control and harvesting.
Comparative example 5
S1: deeply ploughing the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 100-120cm, and removing bricks, stones, plastics, domestic garbage and the like in a deep ploughing layer;
s2: ridging and ditching in deep ploughed land, adopting double-ditch planting, and uniformly applying 5 multiplied by 10 effective viable bacteria in dug planting ditches before sowing 10 The using amount of the EM concentrated bacteria in each row of planting furrows is 1.25 g/m;
s3: selecting Chinese yam tubers left for the last year, wherein the Chinese yam tubers are consistent in size and about 150 g in weight, placing the selected Chinese yam tubers in the dug planting ditches, and then covering a soil layer; controlling the depth of the covering soil to be 10-15 cm;
s4: performing daily field management; comprises the steps of sprout management, pest control and harvesting.
Comparative example 6
The planting furrows are not pretreated before sowing.
In the harvesting of the yams planted in the above examples and comparative examples, soil on tubers was removed, 20 representative tubers were randomly selected, the length and diameter of the yam tubers were measured using a conventional ruler, the fresh weight of the tubers was weighed using an electronic balance, and the yam yield was calculated.
When the yams planted in the above examples and comparative examples are harvested, 20 representative tubers are randomly selected, and the disease infection of the underground tubers in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-6 is counted. Through identification, the Chinese yam diseases are mainly nematode diseases, the nematode types are mainly southern nematodes and root-knot nematodes, the disease infection degree, namely the infection degree, is counted in the experiment and is expressed by the percentage of the area of the part damaging tubers to the area of the tubers, and the average value is calculated.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
According to the test results, the proper amount of the dazomet medicament is adopted to disinfect the planting furrows, and the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the EM concentrated bacteria are sequentially applied into the planting furrows, so that the disease resistance of the Chinese yam is effectively enhanced to a certain extent, and the quality and the yield of the Chinese yam are improved.
Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land and preparing land;
(2) a dazomet medicament is scattered into the planting ditch, and a mulching film is covered for disinfection after watering;
(3) applying a microbial agent into the planting furrows;
(4) sowing the Chinese yam tubers in the planting ditches, and covering a soil layer;
(5) and performing daily field management.
2. The continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the dosage of the dazomet medicament in the planting ditch is 40-50 g/m.
3. The continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the disinfection time is 5-8 days.
4. The continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microbial agent comprises a mixture of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and EM concentrated bacteria.
5. The continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam according to claim 4, characterized in that: the colony number of the bacillus licheniformis is 1000 hundred million CFU/g, and the dosage of the bacillus licheniformis in the planting ditch is 10-20 g/m.
6. The continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam according to claim 4, characterized in that: the colony number of the bacillus subtilis is 1000 hundred million CFU/g, and the using amount of the bacillus subtilis in the planting ditch is 10-20 g/m.
7. The continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam according to claim 4, characterized in that: the colony number of the bacillus mucilaginosus is 1000 hundred million CFU/g, and the dosage of the bacillus mucilaginosus in the planting ditch is 0.2-0.3 g/m.
8. The continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam according to claim 4, characterized in that: the effective viable count of the EM concentrated bacteria is 3 multiplied by 10 10 ～4×10 10 The number of the EM concentrated bacteria is 1-2 g/g, and the amount of the EM concentrated bacteria in the planting ditch is 1-2 g/m.
9. The continuous cropping planting method for improving the yield of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Chinese yam is planted in double furrows by ridging, the planting distance is controlled to be 18-25 cm, and the row distance is controlled to be 75-85 cm.
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| CN113831164A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-24 | 山东锦水环保科技有限公司 | Biological agent for fruits and vegetables and preparation method thereof |
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2022
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104429211A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-03-25 | 济南兆龙科技发展有限公司 | Soil fumigation and activation method |
| CN104472131A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-04-01 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Chinese yam continuous cropping resisting cultivation technology |
| CN106804268A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-06-09 | 和县德生农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese yam |
| CN108094098A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-01 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of Chinese yam |
| CN108101672A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-06-01 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of microbial fertilizer special for being suitable for Chinese yam ecologic planting prepares and its mating method of administration |
| CN111134142A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-12 | 河南省中威春雨植物营养有限公司 | Method for improving yield of dioscorea opposita by using bacillus subtilis |
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