CN102318530A - Labor-saving walnut planting method suitable for mechanical operation - Google Patents
Labor-saving walnut planting method suitable for mechanical operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102318530A CN102318530A CN201110208317A CN201110208317A CN102318530A CN 102318530 A CN102318530 A CN 102318530A CN 201110208317 A CN201110208317 A CN 201110208317A CN 201110208317 A CN201110208317 A CN 201110208317A CN 102318530 A CN102318530 A CN 102318530A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a labor-saving walnut planting method suitable for mechanical operation, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out headed trunk positioning at a high position of a walnut tree; (2) shaping a crown in accordance with the density; and (3) loosening soils and eliminating grasses mechanically. The cost of loosening the soils and eliminating the grasses by using the method is lower than one third of that of loosening the soils and eliminating the grasses manually, and the method is suitable for the agriculture fields widely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, relate to a kind of fruit growing method, specifically is a kind of effort-saving walnut cultivation method of suitable mechanized.
Background technology
Walnut is the important dry fruit tree variety of China, and in the international market, walnut and almond, cashew nut, fibert close and be called four big dry fruits.It has high economic, nutritive value and medical care effect widely.Walnut is very extensive in the distribution of China, except that northeast and the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River distribute less, all there is distribution other various places.Because its advantage in every respect; Shared large percentage in conceding the land to forestry in recent years; At present China has surplus the walnut kind 40; Quality, output and the proterties of many kinds is superior to external kinds such as the U.S., but the improved variety process is still slower, can not adapt to the challenge that agricultural is faced after the China joined WTO.Therefore, seek more simply to be convenient to the low-cost culture technique that the vast mountain area masses grasp and have great realistic meaning.Since the phase at the beginning of the eighties in last century; Vast walnut researcher is in extensive breeding variety; Aspect the walnut high-yield culture technique, carried out long-term arduous exploration; To " downgrading the planting culture technology ", cost is high, real revenue is low, the phenomenon that the development of masses' enthusiasm is not high but all exist from " combination of forest and grain plant of walnut low-density ".Because China masses generally to the understanding of walnut " being a kind of extensive management seeds ", cause the managerial skills of breeding walnut not high, economic benefit is low; If but according to standardized management, the administration cost of walnut is big, actual benefit is not high yet.These have all limited the rapid popularization of breeding to a certain extent.
The cultivation mode of walnut mainly contains following two kinds of methods at present: the one, and downgrade the dense planting method: advantage is: 1, intensification degree is high, can obtain output ahead of time.2, yield per unit area is high.Shortcoming is: 1, excessive result only can cause early ageing, premature death, is difficult to keep long-term high grade producing.Have only kind proper, prune rationally, strengthen water and fertilizer management, avoid famine, waterlogging, lean, tired phenomenon to take place, just can keep long-term high grade producing.2, must there be fully reasonable, effective water and fertilizer condition to do guarantee.3, intensification degree is high, and administrative expenses are high, and cost is big.The 2nd, the combination of forest and grain plant of walnut low-density: specifically be that the walnut planting density is 5 meters * 8 meters, the tree height is big.Advantage is: operating cost is little, and the wheat of intercropping, vegetables, Ipomoea batatas, bean or pea, peanut etc. also have certain income.Shortcoming is: 1, the result is slower.2, yield per unit area is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome deficiency of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of effort-saving walnut cultivation method of suitable mechanized easy and simple to handle, and its technical scheme is following:
A kind of effort-saving walnut cultivation method of suitable mechanized, the step of said method is:
(1) high-order fixed the doing of walnut;
(2) decide the tree crown type with density;
(3) mechanization weeds with a hoe.
Further preferred, said step (1) is: the walnut heading height is a 1.5-1.8 rice, when the not enough heading height of transplanting stock height, the grafting part of transplanting stock is cut off 1/2nd, and clip is smeared with red lacquer and sealed, and postpones to decide dried in 1 year.
Further preferred, said step (2) is: tree crown is pruned according to planting density: 3～4 meters * 4～5 meters, can be cut into coronule and dredge layer shape; 4～6 meters * 5～8 meters, can be cut into and evacuate layering shape.
Further preferred, said step in (3) is: the ground weeds can be behind rain, irrigate the back, the little grass budding period turns over machinery, weeds with a hoe.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the expense of weeding with a hoe that adopts the method for the invention to carry out be manual work weed with a hoe below 1/3rd.
2, simple to operate, promote easily.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment method of the present invention is done explanation in further detail.
A kind of effort-saving walnut cultivation method of suitable mechanized, the step of said method is:
(1) high-order fixed the doing of walnut, low level is done surely can't carry out mechanical work;
(2) decide the tree crown type with density;
(3) mechanization weeds with a hoe.
Further preferred, said step (1) is: the walnut heading height is a 1.5-1.8 rice, when the not enough heading height of transplanting stock height, the grafting part of transplanting stock is cut off 1/2nd, and clip is smeared with red lacquer and sealed, and postpones to decide dried in 1 year.
Further preferred, said step (2) is: tree crown is pruned according to planting density: 3～4 meters * 4～5 meters, can be cut into coronule and dredge layer shape; 4～6 meters * 5～8 meters, can be cut into and evacuate layering shape.
Further preferred, said step in (3) is: the ground weeds can be behind rain, irrigate the back, the little grass budding period turns over machinery, weeds with a hoe.
The effort-saving walnut cultivation mode contrast experiment instance that is fit to mechanized:
Sample plot is positioned at interwined dragon village, Mei Yuan town, Fuping County east Pan Bao, and this ground belongs to the central Shaanxi plain north one to be with along the mountain along southern foot, mountain area, hills, northern Shensi, and the arid biogeographic zone of micro-well irrigation is arranged.Soil depletion, it is big to contain Shi Shaliang, and retaining property is poor, threatened by blast, arid.Height above sea level 450m, 12.9 ℃ of average annual temperature, a monthly mean temperature-0.9 ℃, July, mean temperature of air was 25.4 ℃; The extreme minimum air temperature-16.7 ℃, 42 ℃ of the extreme highest temperatures, 4811 ℃ of average annual accumulated temperature; Average annual sunshine duration 2163.8 hours, annual precipitation 623.8mm, annual relative moisture 71.8%; 220 days frost-free seasons, early November in frost season morning, late frost phase late March.Soil is Lou soil, and the above soil layer of 60cm is a meal matter clay loam, below heavy grain weight loam, and 40cm contains N0.085%, P2O5 content 0.308%, quick-acting K2O 0.2883% with the interior content of organic matter 1.08%.Test field gesture is smooth.
The walnut grafting comparative trial:
Kind all adopts fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade kind, inserts the grafting of skin tongue grafting, and method is divided into following three kinds:
Method one (A) is downgraded dense planting: 10 mu; Planting density 3m * 4m; Heading height 80cm; Cultivate 20cm with planting preceding garden entirely, and the field planting row is oriented the north-south, cave-shaped whole ground, specification 1 * 1 * 1m; Whenever 50 kilograms of the fertilizers (mix apply with mellow soil) of spreading manuer in holes, and 20 kilograms of stalks are executed in layering; Utilize the pure breeding one-level grafting field planting of cultivating, plant in spring; Adopt artificial clean tillage in the ranks.
Method two (B) combination of forest and grain plant: 10 mu; Planting density 5m * 8m; Heading height 180cm; Cultivate 20cm with planting preceding garden entirely, and the field planting row is oriented the north-south, cave-shaped whole ground, specification 1 * 1 * 1m; Whenever 50 kilograms of the fertilizers (mix apply with mellow soil) of spreading manuer in holes, and 20 kilograms of stalks are executed in layering; Utilize the pure breeding one-level grafting field planting of cultivating, plant in spring; Plant wheat in the ranks.
Method three (C) effort-saving walnut cultivation mode: 10 mu; Planting density 4m * 5m; Heading height 180cm; Cultivate 20cm with planting preceding garden entirely, and the field planting row is oriented the north-south, cave-shaped whole ground, specification 1 * 1 * 1m; Whenever 50 kilograms of the fertilizers (mix apply with mellow soil) of spreading manuer in holes, and 20 kilograms of stalks are executed in layering; Utilize the pure breeding one-level grafting field planting of cultivating, plant in spring; Adopt mechanical clean tillage in the ranks.
The different cultivation mode result of the tests of walnut are seen table one.
The different cultivation mode result of the tests of table one walnut
The cost analysis of three kinds of methods:
Method one (A) is downgraded dense planting: adopt artificial clean tillage in the ranks.Need weed with a hoe altogether 6 every year, and each mu needs 3 of labours.Each 180 yuan/mu.1080 yuan of cost meters.
Method two (B) combination of forest and grain plant: plant wheat in the ranks.Need weed with a hoe altogether 6 every year, and each mu needs 2 of labours.Each 120 yuan/mu.720 yuan of labour costs meters.Wheat income: 700 jin every mu, take in 700 yuan.Cost accounting is a 720-700=20 unit.
Method three (C) effort-saving walnut cultivation mode: adopt mechanical clean tillage in the ranks.Need weed with a hoe altogether 6 every year, 50 yuan/mu of each mechanical cultivation expenses.300 yuan of cost accountings.
Claims (4)
1. the effort-saving walnut cultivation method of a suitable mechanized is characterized in that the step of said method is:
(1) high-order fixed the doing of walnut;
(2) decide the tree crown type with density;
(3) mechanization weeds with a hoe.
2. the effort-saving walnut cultivation method of suitable mechanized according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said step (1) is: the walnut heading height is a 1.5-1.8 rice, when the not enough heading height of transplanting stock height, the grafting part of transplanting stock is cut off 1/2nd; Clip is smeared with red lacquer and is sealed, and postpones 1 year fixed doing.
3. the effort-saving walnut cultivation method of suitable mechanized according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said step (2) is: tree crown is pruned according to planting density: 3～4 meters * 4～5 meters, can be cut into coronule and dredge layer shape; 4～6 meters * 5～8 meters, can be cut into and evacuate layering shape.
4. according to the effort-saving walnut cultivation method of each described suitable mechanized of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that said step in (3) is: the ground weeds can be behind rain, irrigate the back, the little grass budding period turns over machinery, weeds with a hoe.
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| CN201110208317A CN102318530A (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2011-07-25 | Labor-saving walnut planting method suitable for mechanical operation |
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| CN201110208317A CN102318530A (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2011-07-25 | Labor-saving walnut planting method suitable for mechanical operation |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104488636A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州青青生态种植园 | Planting technique for increasing growth speed of walnut trees |
| CN105494016A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-20 | 重庆市渝鲁林业发展有限公司 | Dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method of walnuts |
| CN107616059A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-23 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | A kind of method of complex peach goal tree management high-yield cultivating |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1266611A (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-09-20 | 湖南省山区综合技术开发研究中心 | Top graft method for walnut to wingnut |
| CN101438669A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2009-05-27 | 冯立平 | Method for breeding good peach variety with sport deviation |
| CN101595819A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2009-12-09 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Improved variety of walnut seed selection and high-yield cultivating method |
-
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- 2011-07-25 CN CN201110208317A patent/CN102318530A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1266611A (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-09-20 | 湖南省山区综合技术开发研究中心 | Top graft method for walnut to wingnut |
| CN101438669A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2009-05-27 | 冯立平 | Method for breeding good peach variety with sport deviation |
| CN101595819A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2009-12-09 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Improved variety of walnut seed selection and high-yield cultivating method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 齐国辉等: "核桃单层高位开心形树相指标及光照特性研究", 《经济林研究》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104488636A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州青青生态种植园 | Planting technique for increasing growth speed of walnut trees |
| CN105494016A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-20 | 重庆市渝鲁林业发展有限公司 | Dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method of walnuts |
| CN107616059A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-23 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | A kind of method of complex peach goal tree management high-yield cultivating |
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Application publication date: 20120118 |