CN1810093A

CN1810093A - Artificial dwarfing and yield increasing jatropha cultivating process

Info

Publication number: CN1810093A
Application number: CN 200510048719
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许继宏
Original assignee: Yunnan University YNU
Current assignee: Yunnan University YNU
Priority date: 2005-12-22
Filing date: 2005-12-22
Publication date: 2006-08-02
Anticipated expiration: 2025-12-22
Also published as: CN100356839C

Abstract

The jatropha yield increasing and stabilizing cultivation process includes the following steps: growing seedling; transplanting; pruning and shaping through topping-off and shaping to form turned umbrella tree after the jatropha tree grows to 1-1.5 m height and maintaining the tree height during blossom of 2-2.5 m and fruit bearing all the year round; and applying balancing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer. The cultivation process has fast growth, increased and stabilized yield, low consumption and easy picking of jatropha fruit.

Description

Artificial dwarfing and yield increasing jatropha cultivating process

Technical field

The invention belongs to the culture technique field of crop, be specifically related to the cultivation method that allows the cream paulownia give stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging.

Background technology

Cream paulownia Jatropha curcas L. has another name called Jatropha curcas, the little seeds of a tung oil tree.Be distributed in the torrid zone, subtropical zone.There are cultivation or semi-wild in China.Shrub or dungarunga, high 2-5m, multi-branched, speed is given birth to.The happiness rich soil, acid soil or calcium soil all should be grown.Anti-about 0 ℃ low temperature and light frost.Wind resistance power is strong.There is distribution on China South China Sea Islands.Cultivation of ground such as platform, Fujian, Guangdong, fine jade, osmanthus, Yunnan, Guizhou Province, river or semi-wild.Many cultivations are made fences and supply to view and admire.It is about 50% that kind of benevolence contains grease, and can make usefulness such as lubricating oil, soapmaking, and can emeticly drop, but poisonous, diet.

It is solid that seedling was given birth to beginning in 3 years, can be annual fruiting, normal productive phase 6-20.Solid interval is not obvious.Flower unisexuality, monoecism.The dichasium armpit is given birth to.Inflorescence central authorities or two divergent crotches are born in the female flower top.Male flower sepal and petal each 5, petal is longer than calyx.Stamen 10,2 is taken turns, the symphysis of interior wheel filigree, floral disc body of gland 5.The female flower petal is shorter than calyx.Ovary is upper, Room 3, every chamber 1 ovule.Style 3, flechette-type, the base portion symphysis, top 2 is split.The long 2.5-4cm of fruit, footpath 2-3cm has 3 in seed in every fruit, have 2, and the seed pitchy is to black, flat ellipse, long 1.6-2cm, wide 1-1.3cm has the meat endosperm, and embryo stretches, and cotyledon is wide flat, oblong.

Discover by inquiry, though there is wild cream paulownia growth in many areas, but because the special living environment of wild cream paulownia, use the cream paulownia seedling of breeding to carry out the artificial cultivation ubiquity and problems such as the tree type is poor, seed production is low, no matter this is to kind of a benevolence oil expression usefulness, still views and admires with all unfavorable making fences and supplying.Especially intensive large tracts of land artificial cultivation technique immature perplexing the development and use of cream paulownia always.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of artificial dwarfing and yield increasing jatropha cultivating process, to help the development and use of cream paulownia.

Cultivation method of the present invention carries out according to the following steps:

1, grows seedlings;

2, transplant: dug the field planting hole by seeding row spacing, spacing in the rows 1-1.5 rice, line-spacing 2-2.5 rice, field planting is not applied fertilizer in the hole, and the cream paulownia seedling radical leaves that prunes away before the field planting only stays stem apex end 3-5 blade, waters sufficient normal root water after the field planting;

3, pruning integer: when the cream paulownia grows into 1-1.5 rice when high, the integer that begins to prune, pinching are bound, and remove the apical dominance of cream paulownia, cultivate most side shoots, and be trimmed to down tree-like, the height of tree 2-2.5 rice when keeping blooming of umbrella shape, after reproduction period, all can bloom the whole year and bear fruit like this;

4, according to the milpa actual conditions, if fertilizer deficiency is arranged, apply fertilizer, note the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus potash fertilizer when additional.

Key of the present invention is to transplant and the pruning integer, so that the growth of cream paulownia is healthy rapidly, downgrades height, optimizes tree-likely, concentrates nutrient generation fruit.

Grow seedlings and the picking fruit stored seeds all can implement according to a conventional method, preferably implement but grow seedlings by one of following three kinds of methods:

(1) with seed artificial propagation cream paulownia seedling: cream paulownia seed does not have the dormancy habit.Require day samming during germination about 22 ℃.Broadcast the back and began in the 3rd day to sprout, Zhu Zang fresh seeds not, germination rate can reach 80-90%, and the percentage of seedgermination of storage is generally about 60%.Drilling.Every square metre of seeding in nursery bed 40-60g.Seed should keep flat, earthing 1.5-2cm, and living seedling can go out the garden in 1 year.

(2) artificial cottage propagation cream paulownia seedling: adopt annual or biennial branch, the long 20-50 of branch centimetre, after soaking with indole butyric acid 1-2 hour of usefulness 5-10PPM, cuttage has in the seedbed of shading screen in water conservation is ventilative.Can go out the garden half a year.

(3) cultivate cream paulownia seedling with tissue culture technique.

In the low altitude area, fruit harvesting can be from the January of bearing fruit and lasting till then 1 year always, and capsule is dry shape, when minority has ftractureed, plucks from setting the band carpopodium with the seed collecting cutter.The fruit of gathering should not be in insolation under the daylight, should be by the fruit maturation degree, spread indoor in aeration-drying respectively, and treat that fruit all behind the cracking, shakes out seed in batches.Kind of the rate that goes out of dry fruit is 75%, and the cleanliness of seed is 99%, and water content is about 20%, about the about 600g of thousand kernel weight.The industrial seed that is used to extract oil should be put insolation under the daylight, and the water content of seed is reduced to below 13%.The seed that is used for seeding and seedling raising can not dewater, and avoids solarization.The exposed seeds phase is no more than two weeks.Storage or transportation need to mix damp sand or wet slightly sawdust, and storage period is no more than 2 months.Generally unsuitable storage for the winter.

Good effect of the present invention: this cultivation method can fully satisfy the cream paulownia and produce needs, has quick, high yield, stable yields, efficient function, solves cream paulownia kind artificial cultivation ubiquity and the problem that yields poorly and set the back seed collection difficulty of growing tall.The inventive method plantation cream paulownia is effective, growth is fast, regulation and control are convenient, workable, and the output of cream paulownia seed is able to significantly increase, and in the development and use of cream paulownia, has application promise in clinical practice.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the pruning integer schematic diagram of the inventive method.

Fig. 2 is the tree-like schematic diagram that requires of the inventive method.

Embodiment

See a following embodiment who provides:

With the seed artificial propagation cream paulownia seedling of storage, drilling, seed keeps flat, every square metre of seeding in nursery bed 50g seed, and earthing 2cm went out the garden in 1 year.By 1.5 meters of spacing in the rows, 2.5 meters field planting of line-spacing, do not apply fertilizer in the hole, the cream paulownia seedling radical leaves that prunes away before the field planting only stays stem apex end 3-5 blade, waters sufficient normal root water after the field planting.When the cream paulownia grew into about 1.2 meters high, the integer that begins to prune, pinching were bound, and were trimmed to down tree-like, about 2.2 meters of the height of tree when keeping blooming of umbrella shape.Apply fertilizer and weeding, May, October was based on organic fertilizer based on nitrogen fertilizer application or composite fertilizer.Fertilizing amount is decided according to soil fertility situation and nursery stock size.After reproduction period, all to bloom the whole year and bear fruit, output improves greatly and is stable.

Above embodiment only is described further invention, and scope of the present invention is not subjected to the limitation of illustrated embodiment.

Claims

1, a kind of artificial dwarfing and yield increasing jatropha cultivating process is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:

(1), grow seedlings,

(2), transplant: dug the field planting hole by seeding row spacing, spacing in the rows 1-1.5 rice, line-spacing 2-2.5 rice, field planting is not applied fertilizer in the hole, the cream paulownia seedling radical leaves that prunes away before the field planting only stays stem apex end 3-5 blade, waters sufficient normal root water after the field planting,

(3), the pruning integer: when the cream paulownia grows into 1-1.5 rice when high, the integer that begins to prune, pinching are bound, and remove the apical dominance of cream paulownia, cultivate most side shoots, and are trimmed to down tree-like, height of tree 2-2.5 rice when maintenance is bloomed of umbrella shape,

(4), according to the milpa actual conditions, if fertilizer deficiency is arranged, apply fertilizer, note the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus potash fertilizer when additional.

2, as the said cultivation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: with seed artificial propagation cream paulownia seedling, drilling, square metre seeding in nursery bed 40-60g, seed keeps flat, earthing 1.5-2cm, living seedling went out the garden in 1 year.

3, as the said cultivation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: artificial cottage propagation cream paulownia seedling, adopt annual or biennial branch, the long 20-50 of branch centimetre, with behind soaking with indole butyric acid 1-2 hour of 5-10PPM, cuttage has in the seedbed of shading screen in water conservation is ventilative, goes out the garden after half a year.

4, as the said cultivation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: cultivate cream paulownia seedling with tissue culture technique.