AU2020102201A4

AU2020102201A4 - A plastic film mulching cultivation method of solanum tuberosum l.

Info

Publication number: AU2020102201A4
Application number: AU2020102201A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Xuhua GAO; Yaozhu Huang; Bibo LONG; Dong Xie; Chong Yang
Original assignee: Institute of Bioengineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Bioengineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
Priority date: 2020-09-10
Filing date: 2020-09-10
Publication date: 2020-10-22
Anticipated expiration: 2028-09-10

Abstract

The invention provides a semi-mechanized plastic film mulching cultivation method of Solanum tuberosum L., which is characterized by following steps: (1) land selection, fertilization, soil preparation and ridging; (2) sow; (3) double-ridge film mulching with biodegradable weeding mulching plastic film; (4) field management and harvest. Wherein, in step (3), the double-ridge film mulching means to mulch two adjacent ridges at the same time. In addition, when mulching, the biodegradable weeding mulching plastic film should be close to ridge surface, and cultivator-hiller earths up the film surface of two adjacent ridges at the same time. This method can integrate three steps - film mulching, covering film surface with a small amount of soil for not being blown away by wind, and earthing up together to one, which simplifies S. tuberosum planting process and greatly improves the work efficiency. -1/1 A <A <A <A A <A 7 A A A A' 'A A ""¾~ A~A' A~<' 7 <A A A A A A A A A A A A -A <A '¾, A' A 1' ~<A ¾" <AA A>' A A A >'A >, ¾ ,A <A A ¾ ,<A A A 1 A ¾ <A <A Fig.1

Description

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AUSTRALIA

PATENTS ACT 1990

PATENT SPECIFICATION FOR THE INVENTION ENTITLED: A PLASTIC FILM MULCHING CULTIVATION METHOD OF SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.

The invention is described in the following statement:-

A PLASTIC FILM MULCHING CULTIVATION METHOD OF SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural production, specifically involving a

plastic film mulching cultivation method of S. tuberosum.

BACKGROUND

S. tuberosum has become the fourth largest food crop after rice, wheat and maize. China is

the largest potato producer worldwide, accounting for over 26 % of the world total

production. However, the average yield per unit area of potato in China is far lower than

that in developed countries, such as the Netherlands. Thus, there is a huge potential for

increasing its production in China.

The plastic film mulching cultivation technology can effectively improve yield and quality

of S. tuberosum. However, the common plastic film cannot be recycled and is difficult to

be degraded, leading to accumulation of residual plastic in the soil year by year, which has

a serious impact on the agricultural ecosystem. After S. tuberosum is sown, people need to

mulch each ridge with plastic film and then cover film with a small amount of soil to

prevent the film from being blown away by wind. And then earth film surface up to ensure

that all the film on the ridge surface is covered with soil, in case that potato tubers grow

out of film and turn green and poisonous. Moreover, in the harvest period, it is also

necessary to remove the film. The foregoing method is not only time-consuming and

laborious, but also not conducive to the large-scale planting and mechanized harvesting of

S. tuberosum, leading to low production efficiency. In addition, fully mechanized production in agriculture in China cannot yet achieved due to the complex farmland terrain in some areas and discontinuous farmland distribution in China.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide an efficient semi-mechanized plastic film mulching

cultivation method with small machine for S. tuberosum production.

SUMMARY

In view of above-mentioned present situation, the invention aims to provide an efficient

semi-mechanized plastic film mulching cultivation method of S. tuberosum.

The specific technical scheme is as follows.

A semi-mechanized plastic film mulching cultivation method of S.

tuberosum comprises the following steps.

(1) Land selection, fertilization, soil preparation and ridging. Ensure that the tillage layer

of soil is fine and flat without stubbles. The ridging means to use ridger for rotary tillage

and ridging the ridge height to 15 - 20 cm, the ridge surface width to 70 - 80 cm, bottom

width to 100 - 110 cm, and ditch width between two adjacent ridges to 15 - 20 cm.

(2) Sow.

(3) Film mulching and earthing up. Use biodegradable weeding mulching plastic film to

mulch two adjacent ridges at the same time. Make the biodegradable weeding mulching

plastic film close to ridge surface. During mulching, cultivator-hiller keeps walking in the

ditch between two adjacent ridges, and when the mulching plastic film is close to ridge

surface, cultivator-hiller should earth up the film surface of the two adjacent ridges at the

same time immediately.

(4) Field management and harvest.

In some of these embodiments, the matrix material of biodegradable mulching plastic film

is at least one of polylactic acid and Poly (butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate). In

addition, the biodegradable mulching plastic film also comprises herbicide, which is pre

emergence herbicide.

In some embodiments, the herbicide is one or combination of acetochlor, pretilachlor,

butachlor and metolachlor.

In some of these embodiments, the width of biodegradable mulching plastic film is 80 - 90

cm, and the thickness is 0.012 0.002 mm.

In some of these embodiments, the chosen farmland is sandy loam with fluffy texture with

sufficient water supplies and convenient irrigation.

In some of these embodiments, the chosen farmland is sandy loam with Oryza sativa L. as

preceding crop.

In some of these embodiments, spread farmland with 9,000-12,000 kg of chicken manure

organic fertilizer and 1,800-2,250 kg of complex fertilizer per hectare, wherein the complex

fertilizer contains N > 16 %, P205 > 8 %, and K20 > 18 %.

In some of these embodiments, sowing along the ridge surface in the shape of "NA", with

the row spacing within the ridge 20 cm, the plant spacing 22 cm, and 67,500 - 75,000

plants per hectare. Seed potatoes are placed in 5 - 6 cm deep with the bud eyes downward,

and the cut side upward.

The benefits of the semi-mechanized biodegradable weeding plastic film mulching

cultivation method for S. tuberosum is as follows.

(1) Through creative labour, the inventors of the invention combine the characteristics of

ridging width, height, ridge spacing, film mulching and earth-up processes through reasonable setting, and adopt double-ridge film mulching method to mulch the S.

tuberosum after sowing, which means to mulch two adjacent ridges together at the same

time, and then earth up the film surface of the two adjacent ridges. Foregoing methods can

integrate three steps- film mulching, covering film surface with a small amount of soil for

not being blown away by wind, and earthing up together to one so as to simplify S.

tuberosum planting process and greatly improve the work efficiency.

(2) Earthing up the film surface with 5 - 8 cm of soil adds pressure on films, helping sprouts

of S. tuberosum penetrate films, thus eliminating the manual process of making holes on

films for emergence of potato seedling. On the other hand, film surface earth-up reduces

the direct exposure of S. tuberosum tubers to sunlight in the later stage, thus reducing the

occurrence of green potato and improving the quality of S. tuberosum. In addition,

downward place of bud eyes lets sprouts grow for more time before reaching films and

become strong enough to penetrate films, thus increasing emergence rate.

(3) Choosing sandy loam with Oryza sativa L. as preceding crop can make full use of the

mineral elements and nutrients of soil. Besides, paddy and dry farmland rotation can also

significantly reduce the occurrence of S. tuberosum diseases and insect pests so as to

improve the yield and quality of S. tuberosum.

(4) The biodegradable weeding mulching plastic film can effectively solve the

environmental issues caused by residual plastic in soil from polyethylene film mulch. Its

degradable nature frees people from removal of films at harvest. Meanwhile, it contains

herbicides, which can suppress weeds. Thus, there is no need to spray herbicide before

mulching, which saves labour and improves the work efficiency.

(5) In the tuber bulking stage of S. tuberosum, there are obvious cracks observed in

biodegradable films, which increases the ventilation and air permeability of the soil under

the film to a certain extent and decreases soil water content, thus reducing the occurrence

of rotten tubers. In addition, loose soil is more conducive to the bulking of tubers and

provides suitable environmental conditions for the high yield of S. tuberosum.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure.1 is a schematic diagram of the double-ridge film mulching method in the

embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides an efficient semi-mechanized plastic film mulching cultivation

method of S. tuberosum, and further description will be made below in combination with

specific embodiments.

Embodiment 1

(1) Land selection and preparation. Select a farmland with sufficient water supplies,

convenient irrigation and 0. sativa as preceding crop. Such a farmland can make full use

of the mineral elements and nutrients of soil. Besides, paddy and dry farmland rotation can

also significantly reduce the occurrence of S. tuberosum diseases and insect pests. After

rice harvest, spray land with 9,000 kg of chicken manure organic fertilizer and 1,800 kg of

complex fertilizer per hectare. The complex fertilizer is Summit complex fertilizer (16: 8:

18), containing N > 16 %, P205> 8 %, and K20 > 18 %.

(2) Ridging. Ridge the ridge surface to 80 cm wide, the ridge bottom to 100 cm wide, the

ridge height to 15 cm, and ditch to 20 cm wide. Ensure that the tillage layer of soil is fine

and flat, and meanwhile clear the stubbles in ridge so as not to affect the quality of film mulching. Otherwise, the biodegradable weeding mulching plastic film cannot be close to ridge surface, or even be broken by stubbles, which seriously affects the function of increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture of plastic film.

(3) Sow. Sowing along the ridge surface in the shape of "A", with the row spacing within

the ridge 20 cm, the plant spacing 22 cm, and 67,500 plants per hectare. Seed potatoes are

placed in 5 cm deep with the bud eyes downward, and the cut side upward.

(4) Film mulching. Use biodegradable weeding mulching plastic film with a width of 80

cm and a thickness of 0.012 mm to mulch two adjacent ridges together at the same time

and make the biodegradable weeding mulching plastic film close to ridge surface. During

mulching, cultivator-hiller keeps walking in the ditch and earthing up film surface of two

adjacent ridges at the same time. The schematic diagram of film mulching method is shown

in Fig. 1, wherein, 1 refers to the rigid surface covered with plastic film and soil; 2 is

manually pulling biodegradable weeding mulching plastic film; 3 is cultivator-hiller

earthing up; 4 refers to the rigid surface without plastic film. The suitable thickness of soil

is 7 cm, and the speed offilm drawing should be consistent with the walking speed of

cultivator-hiller to ensure the quality of film mulching.

Above biodegradable mulching plastic film takes polylactic acid and

Poly (butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) as the matrix materials. In addition, the

biodegradable mulching plastic film also comprises acetochlor.

(5) Field management. In the different growth stages of S. tuberosum, water should be

controlled well. If there is a lack of fertilizer, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed in time.

Meanwhile, it is necessary to prevent the overgrowth of the aboveground parts from

affecting the yield of S. tuberosum. In above steps, choosing sandy loam with 0. sativa as preceding crop can make full use of the mineral elements and nutrients of soil. Besides, paddy and dry farmland rotation can also significantly reduce the occurrence of S.

tuberosum diseases and insect pests. Fertilizer is spread all over the field after the harvest

of the preceding crop and before the soil preparation. Double-ridge film mulching method

is used to mulch the S. tuberosum after sowing, which means to mulch two adjacent ridges

together, and earth up the film surface of the two adjacent ridges at the same time.

Foregoing methods can integrate three steps - film mulching, covering film surface with a

small amount of soil, and earthing up together to one, so that after mulching, there is no

need to cover film surface with soil firstly to prevent the film from being blown away by

strong wind, which simplifies S. tuberosum planting process. The 7 cm of soil on the film

surface adds pressure on films, helping sprouts of S. tuberosum penetrate films, and reduces

the direct exposure of S. tuberosum tubers to sunlight, thus reducing the occurrence of

green potatoes. In this embodiment, the procedures of film mulching, covering film surface

with a small amount of soil, and earthing up are integrated. When three people participate

in the work, the planting, film mulching and earth-up of one hectare of S. tuberosum

farmland can be completed within 8 hours.

Embodiment 2

convenient irrigation and Zea mays L. as preceding crop. Spread land with 10,500 kg of

chicken manure organic fertilizer and 1,950 kg of complex fertilizer per hectare. The

complex fertilizer is Summit complex fertilizer (16: 8: 18), containing N > 16 %, P205 >

8 %, and K20 > 18 %.

ridge height to 15 cm, and ditch to 20 cm wide. Ensure the tillage layer of soil is fine and

flat, and meanwhile clear the stubbles in ridge so as not to affect the quality of film

mulching.

placed in 5 cm deep with the bud eyes downward, and the cut side upward.

mulching, cultivator-hiller keeps walking in ditch and earthing up film surface of two

adjacent ridges at the same time. The suitable thickness of soil is 4 cm, and the speed of

film drawing should be consistent with the walking speed of cultivator-hiller to ensure the

quality of film mulching.

Above biodegradable mulching plastic film takes polylactic acid and

biodegradable mulching plastic film also comprises acetochlor.

affecting the yield of S. tuberosum. Adopting the film mulching method in above

embodiment, when three people participate in the work, the planting, film mulching and

earth-up of one hectare of S. tuberosum farmland can be completed within 8 hours.

Comparative example 1

Compared with the plastic film mulching cultivation method of S. tuberosum in

embodiment 1, the film mulching steps of step (4) are as follows:

A. Mulching the single ridge with plastic film and pressing the film surface with a small

amount of soil to avoid the film being blown away by strong wind.

B. After finishing film mulching, earthing up the film surface of each ridge, and the soil

thickness is the same as that in embodiment 1.

The remaining steps are the same as that in the embodiment 1. Adopting the film mulching

method in comparative example 1, when three people participate in the work, the planting,

film mulching and earth-up of 1/3 hectare of S. tuberosum farmland can be completed

within 8 hours.

Comparative example 2

Compared with the plastic film mulching cultivation method of S. tuberosum in

embodiment 1, the film mulching steps of step (4) are as follows:

amount of soil and make the film close to the ridge surface so as to avoid the film being

blown away by strong wind.

B. After film mulching, there is no need to earth up so as to increase the efficiency of plastic

film mulching.

method in comparative example 2, when three people participate in the work, the planting,

film mulching and earth-up of 1.5 hectare of S. tuberosum farmland can be completed

within 8 hours a day.

Comparative example 3

In comparative example 3, traditional plastic film mulching method is completely used,

that is, use traditional plastic film and spray herbicide before the film mulching. Mulch the

single ridge with film, and press film with a small amount of soil first, and then earth up.

With the traditional method, 0.3 hectare of S. tuberosum can be planted and mulched with

plastic film within 8 hours when three people participate in the work.

Compared with the embodiment 1, the field management mainly adds weeding in the

middle and later stage and manually uncovering of plastic film at harvest.

The statistical results of S. tuberosum growth, yield and commercial potato rate of the

above-mentioned embodiments 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3 are shown in table 1.

Wherein, the film mulching time is the time taken by three people to complete the plastic

film mulching cultivation of S. tuberosum per hectare; the emergence rate is counted on

the 45th day after sowing; the yield is the weight of all S. tuberosum obtained at harvest

per hectare; the commercial potato rate is the percentage of the weight of S. tuberosum that

can be sold on the market after removing green and/or rotten potato tubers.

Table 1

Film mulching Emergence rate Yield (T / Commercial Method time (h /hectare) (%) hectare) potato rate (0) Embodiment 8.0 95 78.0 96 Embodiment2 8.0 94 -75.0 93 Comparative 24.0 93 76.5 95 example 1 Comparative 5.3 84 64.5 76 example 2 Comparative 26.6 90 72.0 93 example 3

As shown in the table 1 above, the double-ridge film mulching cultivation method of S.

tuberosum has the advantages of shortening film mulching time and significantly improved

efficiency as compared with the traditional single ridge film mulching method. Wherein,

the film mulching efficiencies of embodiments 1-2 are relatively high. The thickness of

soil on film surface in embodiment 1 is 7 cm, while that in embodiment 2 is 4 cm, leading

to easier exposure of tubers in embodiment 2 to sunlight than that in embodiment 1. Thus,

the commercial potato rate in embodiment 1 is slightly higher than that in embodiment 2.

For comparative example 2, earthing up was no longer carried out according to the

conventional method after the completion of plastic film mulching. The film mulching

efficiency was significantly improved, while the emergence rate of S. tuberosum is relative

lower due to the absence of soil pressure on films, resulting in the decrease of yield. The

lack of earthing up also leads to the production of green potatoes and greatly reduces the

commodity rate of S. tuberosum. In addition, the film mulching efficiency in comparative

example 1 and comparative example 3 is far lower than that in the embodiments. Thus, the

traditional plastic film mulching method is not as ideal as double-ridge biodegradable film

mulching method in terms offilm mulching efficiency, seedling emergence rate, yield and

commercial potato rate.

With specific and detailed description, forgoing embodiments are only several methods of

the present invention, while they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent

for the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the

field, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications

and improvements can be made, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. A semi-mechanized plastic film mulching cultivation method of S. tuberosum,

comprising following steps.

and ridging the ridge height to 15 - 20 cm, the ridge surface to 70 - 80 cm wide, bottom to

100 - 110 cm wide, and ditch between two adjacent ridges to 15 - 20 cm wide.

(2) Sow.

mulch two adjacent ridges at the same time and make the biodegradable weeding mulching

surface, cultivator-hiller should earth up the film surface of the two adjacent ridges

immediately.

(4) Field management and harvest.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the matrix material of

biodegradable mulching plastic film is at least one of polylactic acid and

Poly (butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate). In addition, the biodegradable mulching

plastic film also comprises herbicide, which is pre-emergence herbicide.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that the herbicide is one

or combination of acetochlor, pretilachlor, butachlor and metolachlor.

4. The cultivation method according to any claims of 1 to 3, characterized in that the width

of biodegradable mulching plastic film is 80 - 90 cm, and the thickness is 0.012 0.002

mm.

5. The cultivation method according to any claims of 1 to 3, characterized in that the earth

up depth is 5 - 8 cm.

6. The cultivation method according to any claims of I to 3, characterized in that the chosen

farmland is sandy loam with fluffy texture with sufficient water supplies and convenient

irrigation.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that the chosen farmland

is sandy loam with 0. sativa as preceding crop.

8. The cultivation method according to any claims of 1 to 3, characterized in that spread

land with 9,000-12,000 kg of chicken manure organic fertilizer and 1,800 - 2,250 kg of

complex fertilizer per hectare, wherein the complex fertilizer contains N > 16 %, P205 >

8 %, and K20 > 18 %.

9. The cultivation method according to any claims of 1 to 3, characterized in that sowing

along the ridge surface in the shape of "A", with the row spacing within the ridge 20 cm,

the plant spacing 22 cm, and 67,500 - 75,000 plants per hectare. Seed potatoes are placed

in 5 - 6 cm deep with the bud eyes downward, and the cut side upward.

-1/1-

Fig. 1