CN101578944B - Standardization planting method of tuber pinellia - Google Patents
Standardization planting method of tuber pinellia Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101578944B CN101578944B CN2009101026309A CN200910102630A CN101578944B CN 101578944 B CN101578944 B CN 101578944B CN 2009101026309 A CN2009101026309 A CN 2009101026309A CN 200910102630 A CN200910102630 A CN 200910102630A CN 101578944 B CN101578944 B CN 101578944B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tuber
- pinellia
- soil
- time
- railway carriage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 241001522129 Pinellia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 6
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001600407 Aphis <genus> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005739 Bordeaux mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005947 Dimethoate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000256011 Sphingidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FROZIYRKKUFAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N amobam Chemical compound N.N.SC(=S)NCCNC(S)=S FROZIYRKKUFAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002384 drinking water standard Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001952 metrifonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- YFNCATAIYKQPOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OCC YFNCATAIYKQPOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002523 mercuric chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006870 ms-medium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000723811 Soybean mosaic virus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000035824 paresthesia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000013324 preserved food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000794664 Deilephila elpenor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016936 Dendrocalamus strictus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000710078 Potyvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001674391 Sphaerulina musiva Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a standardization planting method of tuber pinellia, which comprises the following steps of: step one, breeding material: (1) seed reservation and preservation of tuber pinellia tuber; step two, (1) choosing cultivating land; (2) land preparation; (3) soli sterilization; (4) lifting; (5) planting; step three, field management: (1) weeding; (2) additional fertilizer; (3) picking spathe (4) irrigation and drainage; (5) ridging; step four, harvesting; and disease control and pest control. The indicators of the tuber pinellia obtained by the method are in line with the contents requirements of the traditional Chinese medicinal material GAP; in normal given years, the yield of the drug ingredients of the tuber pinellia (dried goods) can reach 150 kg to 180 kg; the tuberpinellia can be normally planted in large area; the method has little planting investment and high benefits; the rapid development of the tuber pinellia industries in mountain areas not only can create considerable social and economic benefits, but also can bring excellent ecological environment benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant cultivation field, relate in particular to a kind of kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia.
Background technology
The tuber of pinellia is the stem tuber of aroid Pinellia temate (Thunb.) Breit., and " Chinese pharmacopoeia is all given and being recorded, and is the traditional large conventional Chinese medicine of China, has crucial medical value to go through version.In recent years, the market demand of the tuber of pinellia increases day by day, and the market price also rises steadily, and receives the driving of interests, and wild resource is excavated by artificial predation, and resource is withered day by day brown, and natural environment destroys serious.The wild in addition tuber of pinellia receives the influence of natural cause, and quality, quantity all are difficult to guarantee, have become the bottleneck of tuber of pinellia series tcm development.
Under the new existence theory of the mankind, new life style promote; The medicine that with natural resources is raw material more and more comes into one's own in prevention from suffering from the diseases, treatment and health care, and the Chinese medicine industry of integrate green, safety, prevention, health care, treating is becoming the important component part of world's medicinal industry.Country pays much attention to the Chinese medicine industry development, actively pushes forward the modernization of Chinese medicine and industrialization, and the Chinese medicine industry will become the strategic industry of 21 century Chinese Economy Development.The tuber of pinellia has economic plants and the double characteristic of ecological vegetable concurrently, and its plantation and processing have strict demand again to limiting various chemical contaminations, are good environment amity industries.Greatly develop tuber of pinellia industry and not only can create considerable economic results in society, can also bring good ecological environment benefit.
What solve that the approach of existing problem usually adopts is that the wild tuber of pinellia is become that family plants or the method for plantation is introduced a fine variety in the strange land; But at present owing to lack the GAP technology; Make that tuber of pinellia planting scale is little, planting cost is high; Quality is unstable, is difficult to reach the requirement of State Food and Drug Administration's " traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation " (trying).
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, and a kind of quality safety that provides, effectively, high-quality, stable, controlled, the establishing in large scale that can standardize, the normalized planting method of the tuber of pinellia of plantation small investment, high efficiency.
The normalized planting method of the tuber of pinellia of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) breeds material
Reserve seed for planting: the plot that consistent, healthy and strong, the no damage by disease and insect of growth endangers in the selection tuber of pinellia ground at the beginning of 8 months, draining is unobstructed is as seed-plot, and the tuber of pinellia seedling that the indivedual sick worm of seed-plot endangers should be extracted;
Preserve: the original place preservation of reserving seed for planting, stem tuber planting at 0.5cm～0.9cm selected on the tuber of pinellia ground of reserving seed for planting immediately after beginning to excavate the March in the coming year; Husky preservation of hiding tuber of pinellia stem tuber when November, the tuber of pinellia was gathered, is chosen stem tuber and is made kind of a usefulness at 0.5cm～0.9cm in the tuber of pinellia stem tuber that digs out, preserve with wet river sand; Select shady and cool, clean, cleaning, pollution-free, be difficult for being made stem tuber storage ground by the environmental condition that people, fowl poultry are destroyed; By sand and tuber of pinellia kind stem is to preserve at 3: 1, i.e. the thick river sand of the bottom shop about 5cm of one deck, and spreading is on river sand equably tuber of pinellia stem tuber again, and the thick about 5cm of lid layer river sand can spread 4～5 layers by that analogy and get final product; Inspection in general 1 month gets final product for 1～2 time, before and after March next year, takes out stem tuber and can plant; Every mu of consumption is at 110～125kg;
(2) cultivation
1. select ground
Soil condition requires: the tuber of pinellia requires with fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid to neutral sandy loam soil; Require the pH value between 6.0～7.0; Plow layer is about 30cm; Preceding crop is with pulse family, gramineous crop, and soil environment quality must meet " soil environment quality standard " (GB15618～1995) one-level or secondary standard;
The planting site air ambient requires: air is pollution-free, meets " ambient air quality " (GB3095～1996) one-level or secondary standard, and promptly air quality index II is between 0.6～1.0;
Condition of water quality requires: water source and the facility that can supply irrigate be arranged, and water nonpollution, quality of irrigation water reaches country " farmland irrigating water's quality standard " (GB5084～2005); Secondary or more than the secondary standard;
Other conditional request: 10km produces the industrial and mining enterprises that pollute with interior nothing around tuber of pinellia planting site, does not have " three wastes " and pollutes no soot;
2. wholely
Time of site preparation: annual late December carries out putting in order ground the first time, tedding, and during tuber of pinellia plantation, carries out once wholely March next year again;
Method of soil preparation: on preceding crop results back or fallow land, adopt and plough or manual work is turned over and dug, degree of depth 20cm～more than the 25cm combines to turn over to plough and applies the bio-bacterial manure of 50kg/ mu and be used to improve the soil.
3. soil disinfection
When whole ground for the second time, ins conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely, i.e. March in every year～April; Select fine day to carry out soil disinfection; With 1000 times of liquid sprayings carrying out of 70% topsin dilution soil disinfection;
4. open the railway carriage or compartment
The wide 1.3m in railway carriage or compartment, the high 25cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm are made in whole good ground, hold the drain ditch all around successfully.Railway carriage or compartment length is decided because of landform, but length can not surpass 15m, and the railway carriage or compartment face does to be hunchbacked shape; Deep ploughing is ploughed, and meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, up to soil broken fully thin till, level land and sort out weeds;
5. plantation
Implantation time: late March is to early April;
Planting patterns: adopt the mode of disseminating to plant; Holding successfully on the face of railway carriage or compartment, taking out part soil, make the railway carriage or compartment at the bottom of～the railway carriage or compartment identity distance is from being controlled at about 10cm, the good tuber of pinellia stem tuber of selecting 0.5cm～0.9cm not damaged, no damage by disease and insect to endanger evenly disseminates tuber of pinellia stem tuber mu consumption 110kg～125kg; It is fertile that the sowing bonnet is macerated ripe ox, pigsty, consumption control 1500kg～2000kg/ mu, and compoiste fertilizer, and consumption is controlled at 100kg/ mu, and blinding and railway carriage or compartment face are put down then, and the railway carriage or compartment face behind the earthing is hunchbacked shape, with hoe compacting railway carriage or compartment face soil gently; After planting soil should keep certain humidity, during antecedent soil moisture, need in time water, in order to emerging.
(3) field management
1. intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of the tuber of pinellia, promptly annual late April～carry out the first time in the first tenday period of a month in May.
The intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, available spud turns over to dig gently sorts out weeds, and later weeding can only be pulled out with manual work, guarantees that the field do not have weeds.
Weeds are handled: the weeds of at every turn extracting, and need to concentrate and stack, be used to dry burn and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, forbid arbitrarily to be stacked in railway carriage or compartment face or the ditch.
2. topdress
Dressing time and number of times: the tuber of pinellia topdressed generally in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, once topdressed in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, and late May carries out topdressing the second time;
Method of application: topdressing for the first time combines intertill and clean tillage to carry out, and spreads fertilizer on the face of railway carriage or compartment equably, loosens the soil gently with spud, in burying the fertilizer lid, notes not being sprinkling upon fertilizer on the blade, in order to avoid the blade of burning, is chosen in after morning, dew was done; Topdress for the second time, adopt foliage-spray, sprayed once in 7～10 days, get final product for general 2～3 times, the morning and evening sprays;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress compoiste fertilizer 25kg/ mu～30kg/ mu, urea 2.5kg/ mu for the first time; Topdress for the second time, the triacontanol of foliage-spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 500ppm, every at a distance from 7～10 days 1 time, spray 2～3 times and get final product;
3. ridging
The tuber of pinellia falls before the seedling, trains the face in the railway carriage or compartment with spades or shovel hoe shovel fine earth from empty ditch, covers the strain bud, and the strain bud is rooted in wet soil, forms new plant as early as possible, and ridging thickness is 1cm～1.5cm, covers the strain bud and gets final product, and makes real with spade then.
4. irrigate and draining
Irrigate: the irrigation water that is used for the tuber of pinellia must reach " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084～2005) secondary standard, and annual the detection once, plants the back if the arid of chance can be watered 1～2 time; In tuber of pinellia whole growth growth course, should in time check according to the rainfall situation, when the leaf blade of Pinellia had slight is wilted, then irrigate; Irrigation frequency should reach the decision of rainfall situation as required, and summer, arid can be sure not under sunlight is exposed to the sun, to carry out at the morning and evening irrigation water; The tuber of pinellia is irrigated and is all adopted artificial method of spraying, and waters so that below ground 10cm～15cm plow layer is irrigated at every turn;
Draining: when plantation, increase zanjon around the land for growing field crops, be beneficial to timely draining; Inspection in every month 1～2 time, finding has long-pending soil in the ditch, should get rid of long-pending soil immediately, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape; After the heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded with the railway carriage or compartment ditch around checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge.Simultaneously, whether inspection railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if then earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape.
5. pluck flower bud
Except needs seminal propagation, the bud that extract out vegetative period should all be plucked, and to reduce the consumption of nutrient, promotes expanding of under ground portion, improves output.
(4) gather
Collecting time: confirm collecting time in a conventional manner, before and after the Beginning of Winter, i.e. early November, plant is all excavated behind the seedling, and the year of gathering is limited to a growth cycle;
The weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate;
Collecting method: adopt mining method, down dig in the face cross section along the railway carriage or compartment, dark 20cm～25cm with four tooth palladiums; The tuber of pinellia piece stem tuber that digs out is removed earth and acrial part, notes not digging brokenly stem tuber; Pack in the bamboo basket or plastic crate of cleaning, nontoxic, anosis worm; Dig bad stem tuber and pack in another bamboo basket or the plastic crate, be transported to the storeroom, dig bad stem tuber and focus on;
The cleaning rural area: with the tuber of pinellia plot of excavating the residual non-medicinal part of the tuber of pinellia and weeds wait to concentrate and stack, the concentrated planting site that transports out burns, digs pit buried outward or makes base manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed after up to standard.
The normalized planting method of the described tuber of pinellia, wherein the raw material of compoiste fertilizer is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8.
The normalized planting method of the described tuber of pinellia also can comprise following preliminary working step:
The processing place: tuber of pinellia preliminary working is provided with special processing place, must clean and lay mattess; Surrounding environment does not have pollution source, has sunshade, rainproof, protection against rodents, dustproof, insect protected, the measure of anti-fowl poultry;
The sorting of bright tuber of pinellia stem tuber: remove by damage by disease and insect harm, the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of damage and acrial part and weeds, with its be divided into one, two, Three Estate.
The cleaning of the bright tuber of pinellia: the water quality of cleaning the tuber of pinellia must reach national drinking water standard; The tuber of pinellia of results need be stacked indoor 10～15 days, in the medicine-washing machine of packing into then, adopted circulating water to clean; The rinse water of using can not be reused, be washed till tuber of pinellia stem tuber crust and remove, when being white in color till; Carry out drying after draining the water; Baking temperature is controlled at 55 degrees centigrade, is sure not in the operation to catch and touches the tuber of pinellia, in order to avoid poison;
Sampling observation: the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of drying is tested qualified packing; Defectively then focus on.
The normalized planting method of the described tuber of pinellia also can comprise following tuber of pinellia disease control step:
1. tuber of pinellia virus disease control method: select anosis plant to reserve seed for planting, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, control timely and effectively passes the virulent aphis worm, simultaneously, notes the field cultivation management, and the juice friction of avoiding people and animals, instrument contact to be caused infects; Sharp virus-free stem tuber is done explant and is produced nontoxic seedling; Conscientiously choosing ground, efficent rotation are carried out soil disinfection during plantation; Chemical control; Generally at the beginning of mid-May to 6 month, carry out; Can select for use 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) aqua 100ml to convert water 60kg spraying by mu, or mu converts water 50kg spraying with 20% virus of A wetting powder 100g, or mu must restrain aqueous emulsion 100ml with 3.85% virus and converts water 50kg and spray;
2. leaf spot is prevented and treated method: after excavating, in time remove the residual leaf of field diseased plant, concentrate and burn, and soil deeptillage, be exposed to the sun, to eliminate the pathogen that retains in the soil; Efficent rotation, unsuitable continuous cropping, crop rotation was carried out in general continuous cropping in 2～3 years; Enhance field management draining in time; Chemical control is mainly carried out in June, 1: 1: 120 bordeaux mixture of premorbid and their early stage spray or 500 times of liquid of 65% ambam, spray in per 7～10 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times.
3. the stem tuber soft rot is prevented and treated method: water stain shape necrosis, lodging, softening and rotten appear in disease plant, and follow stench; It is downright bad, rotten that water stain shape takes place stem tuber; Only stay the epidermis ghost at last; Cause the pathogen of tuber of pinellia soft rot to be mainly ZJRI, SXRI and SDRI, experimental study shows that ampicillin, jinggangmycin are the strongest to the antagonistic effect of above-mentioned 3 pathogens, and penicillin and the streptomycin above-mentioned antibiotic that takes second place provides foundation in the antibiotic control for tuber of pinellia stem tuber virus disease; But mainly in the production in time dredge ditch water discharge after adopting rain, select that draining is good, loosing soil, the fertile plot plantation tuber of pinellia.During basal dressing, must fully become thoroughly decomposed; Chemical control; Carry out in 5～June; Period of disease mu is converted water 50kg with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 50g and is irrigated the diseased plant root, or mu converts water 50kg with 75% tpn wetting powder 50g and irrigate the diseased plant root, or every mu of usefulness 50% carbendazol wettable powder 60g converts water and waters the diseased plant root;
The normalized planting method of the described tuber of pinellia also can comprise following tuber of pinellia pest control step:
Red hawkmoth: the larva blade of causing harm, it is stung become to incise shape or food light blade.Chemical prevention and control method: the insect juvenile stage sprays 800 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos or sprays 1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion.
The nontoxic tuber of pinellia seedling of described production comprises following job step:
1. the technological process of production: underground stem tuber～induce～breed～take root～transplant;
2. explant: just get in dormancy or the tuber of pinellia stem tuber that has just begun to sprout is made explant, first water is rinsed well, scrapes off the appearance tertia, again through 70% alcohol immersion, 60～90s, with the 0.1% mercuric chloride solution 10min that sterilizes, uses aseptic water washing at last 4～6 times again.
3. every liter of contained weight of each component of each required medium of stage of group training is:
A, minimal medium: use the MS medium, white sugar 30g/L, agar 7g/L, pH5.8;
B, induce proliferated culture medium: MS+6-BA7.0mg/L+NAA0.6mg/L; MS+6-BA5.0mg/Lmg/L+NAA0.2mg/L;
C, root media: 1/2MS+NAA0.2mg/L;
The normalized planting method of the tuber of pinellia of the present invention; Can guarantee to meet the requirement of State Food and Drug Administration's " traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation (GAP) " (trying); Under normal time situation, tuber of pinellia medicinal material per mu yield can reach (dried food and nuts) 150kg～180kg.Tuber of pinellia quality safety, effective, high-quality, stable, controlled, the establishing in large scale that can standardize, plantation small investment, high efficiency.Tuber of pinellia plantation and processing have strict demand again to limiting various chemical contaminations, are good environment amity industries.Greatly develop tuber of pinellia industry in the mountain area and not only can create considerable economic results in society, can also bring good ecological environment benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The compoiste fertilizer raw material that the present invention adopted is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, in the finished product, organic matter account for gross weight 20%, inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8.
(1) germplasm and propagating materials
1. germplasm: species be the tuber of pinellia be aroid Pinellia temate (Thunb.) Breit. germplasm origin in tuber of pinellia GAP base, Pingshan Mountain town, Hezhang County, Guizhou Province cultivated species;
2. propagating materials: the propagating materials of the tuber of pinellia is mainly the under ground portion stem tuber, and promptly adopting vegetative propagation is main (stem tuber of following work kind usefulness abbreviate as kind plant).
Reserve seed for planting: the plot that consistent, healthy and strong, the no damage by disease and insect of growth endangers in the selection tuber of pinellia ground at the beginning of 8 months, draining is unobstructed is as seed-plot, and the tuber of pinellia seedling that the indivedual sick worm of seed-plot endangers should be extracted;
Preserve: the original place preservation of reserving seed for planting, stem tuber planting at 0.5cm～0.9cm selected on the tuber of pinellia ground of reserving seed for planting immediately after beginning to excavate the March in the coming year; Husky preservation of hiding tuber of pinellia stem tuber when November, the tuber of pinellia was gathered, is chosen stem tuber and is made kind of a usefulness at 0.5cm～0.9cm in the tuber of pinellia stem tuber that digs out, preserve with wet river sand; Select shady and cool, clean, cleaning, pollution-free, be difficult for being made stem tuber storage ground by the environmental condition that people, fowl poultry are destroyed; By sand and tuber of pinellia kind stem is to preserve at 3: 1, i.e. the thick river sand of the bottom shop about 5cm of one deck, and spreading is on river sand equably tuber of pinellia stem tuber again, and the thick about 5cm of lid layer river sand can spread 4～5 layers by that analogy and get final product; Inspection in general 1 month gets final product for 1～2 time, before and after March next year, takes out stem tuber and can plant.
(2) cultivation
1. select ground
Base, Hezhang height above sea level 1700-1800 rice is positioned at east longitude 104 degree 54.039 minutes, north latitude 27 degree 08.213 minute.Apart from 326 national highway 4km, adjoin forest zone, the Pingshan Mountain, National forest park, Hezhang, belong to wet climatic region of dried summer of cool spring of warm temperate zone temperature; Frost-free season 206-255 days; Average annual temperature 10～13 degree, 785.5～1068 millimeters of average annual rainfalls, sunshine duration 1260.8～1548.3 hours; Illumination condition is better, and solar radiation is higher.
2. wholely
Time of site preparation: annual late December carries out putting in order ground the first time, tedding, and during tuber of pinellia plantation, carries out once wholely March next year again;
Method of soil preparation: on preceding crop results back or fallow land, adopt and plough or manual work is turned over and dug, degree of depth 20cm～more than the 25cm combines to turn over to plough and applies the bio-bacterial manure of 50kg/ mu and be used to improve the soil.
3. soil disinfection
When whole ground for the second time, ins conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely, i.e. March in every year～April; Select fine day to carry out soil disinfection; With 1000 times of liquid sprayings carrying out of 70% topsin dilution soil disinfection;
4. open the railway carriage or compartment
The wide 1.3m in railway carriage or compartment, the high 25cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm are made in whole good ground, hold the drain ditch all around successfully.Railway carriage or compartment length is decided because of landform, but length can not surpass 15m, and the railway carriage or compartment face does to be hunchbacked shape; Deep ploughing is ploughed, and meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, up to soil broken fully thin till, level land and sort out weeds;
5. plantation
Implantation time: late March is to early April;
Planting patterns: adopt the mode of disseminating to plant; Holding successfully on the face of railway carriage or compartment, taking out part soil, make the railway carriage or compartment at the bottom of～the railway carriage or compartment identity distance is from being controlled at about 10cm, the good tuber of pinellia stem tuber of selecting 0.5cm～0.9cm not damaged, no damage by disease and insect to endanger evenly disseminates tuber of pinellia stem tuber mu consumption 110kg～125kg; It is fertile that the sowing bonnet is macerated ripe ox, pigsty, consumption control 1500kg～2000kg/ mu, and compoiste fertilizer, and consumption is controlled at 100kg/ mu, and blinding and railway carriage or compartment face are put down then, and the railway carriage or compartment face behind the earthing is hunchbacked shape, with hoe compacting railway carriage or compartment face soil gently; After planting soil should keep certain humidity, during antecedent soil moisture, need in time water, in order to emerging.
(3) field management
1. intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of the tuber of pinellia, promptly annual late April～carry out the first time in the first tenday period of a month in May.
The intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, available spud turns over to dig gently sorts out weeds, and later weeding can only be pulled out with manual work, guarantees that the field do not have weeds, forbids to adopt chemical weed control practices or produce the chemical herbicide that bans use of;
Weeds are handled: the weeds of at every turn extracting, and need to concentrate and stack, be used to dry burn and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, forbid arbitrarily to be stacked in railway carriage or compartment face or the ditch.
2. topdress
Dressing time and number of times: the tuber of pinellia topdressed generally in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, once topdressed in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, and late May carries out topdressing the second time;
Method of application: topdressing for the first time combines intertill and clean tillage to carry out, and spreads fertilizer on the face of railway carriage or compartment equably, loosens the soil gently with spud, in burying the fertilizer lid, notes not being sprinkling upon fertilizer on the blade, in order to avoid the blade of burning, is chosen in after morning, dew was done; Topdress for the second time, adopt foliage-spray, sprayed once in 7～10 days, get final product for general 2～3 times, the morning and evening sprays;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress compoiste fertilizer 25kg/ mu～30kg/ mu, urea 2.5kg/ mu for the first time; Topdress for the second time, the triacontanol of foliage-spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 500ppm, every at a distance from 7～10 days 1 time, spray 2～3 times and get final product;
3. ridging
The tuber of pinellia falls before the seedling, trains the face in the railway carriage or compartment with spades or shovel hoe shovel fine earth from empty ditch, covers the strain bud, and the strain bud is rooted in wet soil, forms new plant as early as possible, and ridging thickness is 1cm～1.5cm, covers the strain bud and gets final product, and makes real with spade then.
4. irrigate and draining
Irrigate: the irrigation water that is used for the tuber of pinellia must reach " farmland irrigating water's quality standard " (GB5084～2005) secondary standard, and annual the detection once, plants the back if the arid of chance can be watered 1～2 time; In tuber of pinellia whole growth growth course, should in time check according to the rainfall situation, when the leaf blade of Pinellia had slight is wilted, then irrigate; Irrigation frequency should reach the decision of rainfall situation as required, and summer, arid can be sure not under sunlight is exposed to the sun, to carry out at the morning and evening irrigation water; The tuber of pinellia is irrigated and is all adopted artificial method of spraying, and waters so that below ground 10cm～15cm plow layer is irrigated at every turn;
Draining: when plantation, increase zanjon around the land for growing field crops, be beneficial to timely draining; Inspection in every month 1～2 time, finding has long-pending soil in the ditch, should get rid of long-pending soil immediately, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape; After the heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded with the railway carriage or compartment ditch around checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge.Simultaneously, whether inspection railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if then earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape.
5. pluck flower bud
Except needs seminal propagation, the bud that extract out vegetative period should all be plucked, and to reduce the consumption of nutrient, promotes expanding of under ground portion, improves output.
(4) main diseases control of insect
The normalized planting method of the described tuber of pinellia also comprises the pest control of following tuber of pinellia main diseases:
1. virus disease
Cause of disease: the Potyvirus member and is that soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is similar;
Symptom: young leaves shows as and moves back green, bright arteries and veins and distortion, develops into typical flower leaf paresthesia subsequently, and the Lao Ye flower leaf paresthesia is not serious, but shows as downright bad striped sometimes, and plant is downgraded easily;
Prevent and treat method: select anosis plant to reserve seed for planting, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, control timely and effectively passes the virulent aphis worm, simultaneously, notes the field cultivation management, and the juice friction of avoiding people and animals, instrument contact to be caused infects; Sharp virus-free stem tuber is done explant and is produced nontoxic seedling; Conscientiously choosing ground, efficent rotation are carried out soil disinfection during plantation; Chemical control; Generally at the beginning of mid-May to 6 month, carry out; Can select for use 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) aqua 100ml to convert water 60kg spraying by mu, or mu converts water 50kg spraying with 20% virus of A wetting powder 100g, or mu must restrain aqueous emulsion 100ml with 3.85% virus and converts water 50kg and spray;
2. leaf spot
Cause of disease: [Sepriasp] belongs to Deuteromycotina septoria musiva fungi;
Symptom: taupe scab not of uniform size, different appears in blade, infects lower blade earlier, after gradually to vertical spread, the later stage scab produces particle pore (pycnidium), whole blade is withered when serious;
Occurrence regularity: the germ pycnidium is survived the winter on the invalid body of field, and April in next year, conidium was splashed on the tuber of pinellia leaf by wind and rain, causes that invading seven for the first time begins morbidity.The entering morbidity Sheng phase in 5～June causes and causes harm, and is many at rainwater, extensive management, and the bad condition of plant strain growth issues seriously ill;
Prevent and treat method: after excavating, in time remove the residual leaf of field diseased plant, concentrate and burn, and soil deeptillage, be exposed to the sun, to eliminate the pathogen that retains in the soil; Efficent rotation, unsuitable continuous cropping, crop rotation was carried out in general continuous cropping in 2～3 years; Enhance field management draining in time; Chemical control is mainly carried out in June, 1: 1: 120 bordeaux mixture of premorbid and their early stage spray or 500 times of liquid of 65% ambam, spray in per 7～10 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times.
3. stem tuber soft rot
Cause of disease: pathogen ZJRI, SXRI and SDRI
Symptom: water stain shape necrosis, lodging, softening and rotten appear in disease plant, and follow stench; It is downright bad, rotten that water stain shape takes place stem tuber, only stays the epidermis ghost at last.
Prevent and treat method: in time dredge ditch water discharge behind the rain, select that draining is good, loosing soil, the fertile plot plantation tuber of pinellia.During basal dressing, must fully become thoroughly decomposed; Chemical control; Carry out in 5～June; Period of disease mu is converted water 50kg with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 50g and is irrigated the diseased plant root, or mu converts water 50kg with 75% tpn wetting powder 50g and irrigate the diseased plant root, or every mu of usefulness 50% carbendazol wettable powder 60g converts water and waters the diseased plant root;
4. red hawkmoth: Deilephila elpenor
Harm: the larva blade of causing harm, it is stung become to incise shape or food light blade
Chemical prevention and control method: the insect juvenile stage sprays 800 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos or sprays 1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion.
(4) gather and the place of production processes
Collecting time: confirm collecting time in a conventional manner, before and after the Beginning of Winter, i.e. early November, plant is all excavated behind the seedling, and the year of gathering is limited to a growth cycle;
The weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate, forbid the rainy day to be excavated;
Collecting method: adopt mining method, down dig in the face cross section along the railway carriage or compartment, dark 20cm～25cm with four tooth palladiums; The tuber of pinellia piece stem tuber that digs out is removed earth and acrial part, notes not digging brokenly stem tuber; Pack in the bamboo basket or plastic crate of cleaning, nontoxic, anosis worm; Dig bad stem tuber and pack in another bamboo basket or the plastic crate, be transported to the storeroom, dig bad stem tuber and focus on;
The cleaning rural area: with the tuber of pinellia plot of excavating the residual non-medicinal part of the tuber of pinellia and weeds wait to concentrate and stack, the concentrated planting site that transports out burns, digs pit buried outward or makes base manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed after up to standard.
The normalized planting method of the described tuber of pinellia also can comprise following preliminary working step:
Processing place, the place of production: tuber of pinellia preliminary working is provided with special processing place, must clean and lay mattess; Surrounding environment does not have pollution source, has sunshade, rainproof, protection against rodents, dustproof, insect protected, the measure of anti-fowl poultry;
The sorting of bright tuber of pinellia stem tuber: remove by damage by disease and insect harm, the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of damage and acrial part and weeds, with its be divided into one, two, Three Estate.
The cleaning of the bright tuber of pinellia: the water quality of cleaning the tuber of pinellia must reach national drinking water standard; The tuber of pinellia of results need be stacked indoor 10～15 days, in the medicine-washing machine of packing into then, adopted circulating water to clean; The rinse water of using can not be reused, be washed till tuber of pinellia stem tuber crust and remove, when being white in color till; Carry out drying after draining the water; Baking temperature is controlled at 55 degrees centigrade, is sure not in the operation to catch and touches the tuber of pinellia, in order to avoid poison;
Sampling observation: the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of drying is tested qualified packing; Defectively then focus on.
Tuber of pinellia medicinal material per mu yield can reach (dried food and nuts) 150kg～180kg.
These article are dried to constant weight in 60 ℃, contain TA and are no less than 0.02%.
Claims (4)
1. the normalized planting method of a tuber of pinellia may further comprise the steps:
(1) propagating materials
Reserve seed for planting: the plot that consistent, healthy and strong, the no damage by disease and insect of growth endangers in the selection tuber of pinellia ground at the beginning of 8 months, draining is unobstructed is as seed-plot;
Preserve: the original place preservation of reserving seed for planting, stem tuber planting at 0.5cm～0.9cm selected on the tuber of pinellia ground of reserving seed for planting immediately after beginning to excavate the March in the coming year; Husky preservation of hiding tuber of pinellia stem tuber when November, the tuber of pinellia was gathered, is chosen stem tuber and is made kind of a usefulness at 0.5cm～0.9cm in the tuber of pinellia stem tuber that digs out, preserve with wet river sand; Select shady and cool, clean, cleaning, pollution-free, be difficult for being made stem tuber storage ground by the environmental condition that people, fowl poultry are destroyed; Press the thick river sand of the bottom shop about 5cm of one deck, spreading is on river sand equably stem tuber again, and the thick about 5cm of lid layer river sand spreads 4～5 layers by that analogy; The stem tuber plantation is taken out in inspection in 1 month 1～2 time before and after March next year; Every mu of consumption is at 110～125kg;
(2) cultivation
1. select ground
Soil condition requires: the tuber of pinellia requires with fertile, loose, well-drained faintly acid to neutral sandy loam soil; Require the pH value between 6.0～7.0; Plow layer is about 30cm, and preceding crop is with pulse family, gramineous crop, and soil environment quality must meet country-level or secondary standard;
The planting site air ambient requires: air is pollution-free, and air quality index II is between 0.6～1.0;
Condition of water quality requires: have to supply the water source and the facility of irrigating, water nonpollution, quality of irrigation water to reach national secondary or more than the secondary standard;
Other conditional request: 10km produces the industrial and mining enterprises that pollute with interior nothing around tuber of pinellia planting site, does not have " three wastes " and pollutes no soot;
2. wholely
Time of site preparation: annual late December carries out putting in order ground the first time, tedding, and during tuber of pinellia plantation, carries out once wholely March next year again;
Method of soil preparation: on preceding crop results back or fallow land, adopt and plough or manual work is turned over and dug, degree of depth 20cm～more than the 25cm combines to turn over to plough and applies the bio-bacterial manure of 50kg/ mu and be used to improve the soil;
3. soil disinfection
When putting in order ground for the second time, in conjunction with carry out soil disinfection wholely; Select fine day to carry out soil disinfection; With 1000 times of liquid sprayings carrying out of 70% topsin dilution soil disinfection;
4. open the railway carriage or compartment
The wide 1.3m in railway carriage or compartment, the high 25cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm are made in whole good ground, hold the drain ditch all around successfully; Railway carriage or compartment length is decided because of landform, but length can not surpass 15m, and the railway carriage or compartment face does to be hunchbacked shape; Deep ploughing is ploughed, and meticulous raking the soil level intersected the hack of raking the soil level repeatedly, up to soil broken fully thin till, level land and sort out weeds;
5. plantation
Implantation time: late March is to early April;
Planting patterns: adopt the mode of disseminating to plant; Holding successfully on the face of railway carriage or compartment, taking out part soil, make the railway carriage or compartment at the bottom of, the railway carriage or compartment identity distance is from being controlled at about 10cm, the good tuber of pinellia stem tuber of selecting 0.5cm～0.9cm not damaged, no damage by disease and insect to endanger evenly disseminates tuber of pinellia stem tuber mu consumption 110kg～125kg; It is fertile that the sowing bonnet is macerated ripe ox, pigsty, consumption control 1500kg～2000kg/ mu, and compoiste fertilizer, and consumption is controlled at 100kg/ mu, and blinding and railway carriage or compartment face are put down then, and the railway carriage or compartment face behind the earthing is hunchbacked shape, with hoe compacting railway carriage or compartment face soil gently; After planting soil should keep certain humidity, during antecedent soil moisture, need in time water, in order to emerging;
(3) field management
1. intertill and clean tillage
The intertill and clean tillage time: behind the neat seedling of the tuber of pinellia, annual late April～carry out the first time in the first tenday period of a month in May;
The intertill and clean tillage method: intertill and clean tillage for the first time, to turn over gently to dig with spud and sort out weeds, later weeding can only be pulled out with manual work, guarantees that the field do not have weeds;
Weeds are handled: the weeds of at every turn extracting, and need to concentrate and stack, be used to dry burn and make ash or make farmyard manure through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, forbid arbitrarily to be stacked in railway carriage or compartment face or the ditch;
2. topdress
Dressing time and number of times: the tuber of pinellia topdressed in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, once topdressed in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the first time, and late May carries out topdressing the second time;
Method of application: topdressing for the first time combines intertill and clean tillage to carry out, and spreads fertilizer on the face of railway carriage or compartment equably, loosens the soil gently with spud, in burying the fertilizer lid, notes not being sprinkling upon fertilizer on the blade, in order to avoid the blade of burning, is chosen in after morning, dew was done; Topdress for the second time, adopt foliage-spray, sprayed once in 7～10 days, get final product for 2～3 times, the morning and evening sprays;
Fertilizer type and amount of application: topdress compoiste fertilizer 25kg/ mu～30kg/ mu, urea 2.5kg/ mu for the first time; Topdress for the second time, the triacontanol of foliage-spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 500ppm, every at a distance from 7～10 days 1 time, spray 2～3 times and get final product;
3. ridging
The tuber of pinellia falls before the seedling, trains the face in the railway carriage or compartment with spades or shovel hoe shovel fine earth from empty ditch, covers the strain bud, and the strain bud is rooted in wet soil, forms new plant as early as possible, and ridging thickness is 1cm～1.5cm, covers the strain bud and gets final product, and makes real with spade then;
4. irrigate and draining
Irrigate: the irrigation water that is used for the tuber of pinellia must reach the agricultural irrigation water quality standard secondary standard, and annual the detection once, plants the back if the arid of chance is watered 1～2 time; In tuber of pinellia whole growth growth course, should in time check according to the rainfall situation, when the leaf blade of Pinellia had slight is wilted, then irrigate; Irrigation frequency should reach the decision of rainfall situation as required, and summer, arid at the morning and evening irrigation water, was sure not under sunlight is exposed to the sun, to carry out; The tuber of pinellia is irrigated and is all adopted artificial method of spraying, and waters so that below ground 10cm～15cm plow layer is irrigated at every turn;
Draining: when plantation, increase zanjon around the land for growing field crops, be beneficial to timely draining; Inspection in every month 1～2 time, finding has long-pending soil in the ditch, should get rid of long-pending soil immediately, checks simultaneously whether the railway carriage or compartment face is smooth, if earthing is answered in out-of-flatness, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape; After the heavy rain, whether draining is unimpeded with the railway carriage or compartment ditch around checking, if impeded drainage is logical, should in time dredge; Simultaneously, whether inspection railway carriage or compartment face is rinsed, if then earthing is arranged, makes it to keep hunchbacked shape;
5. pluck flower bud
Except needs seminal propagation, the bud that extract out vegetative period should all be plucked, and to reduce the consumption of nutrient, promotes expanding of under ground portion, improves output;
(4) gather
Collecting time: confirm collecting time in a conventional manner, before and after the Beginning of Winter, i.e. early November, plant is all excavated behind the seedling, and the year of gathering is limited to a growth cycle;
The weather of gathering: be chosen in fine day and excavate;
Collecting method: adopt mining method, down dig in the face cross section along the railway carriage or compartment, dark 20cm～25cm with four tooth palladiums; The tuber of pinellia piece stem tuber that digs out is removed earth and acrial part, notes not digging brokenly stem tuber; Pack in the bamboo basket or plastic crate of cleaning, nontoxic, anosis worm; Dig bad stem tuber and pack in another bamboo basket or the plastic crate, be transported to the storeroom, dig bad stem tuber and focus on;
The cleaning rural area: with the tuber of pinellia plot of excavating the residual non-medicinal part of the tuber of pinellia and weeds wait to concentrate and stack, the concentrated planting site that transports out burns, digs pit buried outward or makes base manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed after up to standard.
2. tuber of pinellia normalized planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material of compoiste fertilizer is humus, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, urea, and organic matter accounts for 20% of gross weight, and inorganic nutrients accounts for 20% of gross weight, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=5: 7: 8.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the normalized planting method of the tuber of pinellia comprises following step:
(1) tuber of pinellia disease control
1. tuber of pinellia virus disease control method: select anosis plant to reserve seed for planting, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, control timely and effectively passes the virulent aphis worm, simultaneously, notes the field cultivation management, and the juice friction of avoiding people and animals, instrument contact to be caused infects; Utilize virus-free stem tuber to do explant and produce nontoxic seedling; Conscientiously choosing ground, efficent rotation are carried out soil disinfection during plantation; Chemical control was carried out at the beginning of mid-May to 6 month, and mu selects for use 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) aqua 100ml to convert water 60kg spraying, or mu converts water 50kg spraying with 20% virus of A wetting powder 100g, or mu must restrain aqueous emulsion 100ml with 3.85% virus and converts water 50kg and spray;
Wherein: nontoxic seedling comprises following job step:
1) technological process of production: underground stem tuber-induce-breed-take root-transplant;
2) explant: just get in dormancy or the tuber of pinellia stem tuber that has just begun to sprout is made explant, first water is rinsed well, scrapes off the appearance tertia, again through 70% alcohol immersion, 60～90s, with the 0.1% mercuric chloride solution 10min that sterilizes, uses aseptic water washing at last 4～6 times again;
3) every liter of contained weight of each component of each required medium of stage of group training is:
A, minimal medium: use the MS medium, white sugar 30g/L, agar 7g/L, pH5.8;
B, induce proliferated culture medium: MS+6-BA7.0mg/L+NAA0.6mg/L; MS+6-BA5.0mg/Lmg/L+NAA0.2mg/L;
C, root media: 1/2MS+NAA0.2mg/L;
2. leaf spot is prevented and treated method: after excavating, in time remove the residual leaf of field diseased plant, concentrate and burn, and soil deeptillage, be exposed to the sun, to eliminate the pathogen that retains in the soil; Efficent rotation, crop rotation was carried out in continuous cropping in 2～3 years; Enhance field management draining in time; Chemical control is mainly carried out in June, 1: 1: 120 bordeaux mixture of premorbid and their early stage spray or 500 times of liquid of 65% ambam, spray in per 7～10 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times;
3. the stem tuber soft rot is prevented and treated method: in time dredge ditch water discharge behind the rain, select that draining is good, loosing soil, the fertile plot plantation tuber of pinellia; During basal dressing, must fully become thoroughly decomposed; Chemical control; Carry out in 5～June; Period of disease mu is converted water 50kg with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 50g and is irrigated the diseased plant root, or mu converts water 50kg with 75% tpn wetting powder 50g and irrigate the diseased plant root, or every mu of usefulness 50% carbendazol wettable powder 60g converts water and waters the diseased plant root;
(2) tuber of pinellia pest control
Red hawkmoth: the larva blade of causing harm, it is stung become to incise shape or food light blade; Chemical prevention and control method: the insect juvenile stage sprays 800 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos or sprays 1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion.
4. the normalized planting method of the tuber of pinellia as claimed in claim 3, wherein tuber of pinellia preliminary working step is following:
Processing place: must clean and lay mattess; Surrounding environment does not have pollution source, has sunshade, rainproof, protection against rodents, dustproof, insect protected, the measure of anti-fowl poultry;
The sorting of bright tuber of pinellia stem tuber: remove by damage by disease and insect harm, the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of damage and acrial part and weeds, with its be divided into one, two, Three Estate;
The cleaning of the bright tuber of pinellia: the water quality of cleaning the tuber of pinellia must reach national drinking water standard; The tuber of pinellia of results need be stacked indoor 10～15 days, in the medicine-washing machine of packing into then, adopted circulating water to clean; The rinse water of using can not be reused, be washed till tuber of pinellia stem tuber crust and remove, when being white in color till; Carry out drying after draining the water; Baking temperature is controlled at 55 degrees centigrade, is sure not in the operation to catch and touches the tuber of pinellia, in order to avoid poison;
Sampling observation: the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of drying is tested qualified packing; Defectively then focus on.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101026309A CN101578944B (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Standardization planting method of tuber pinellia |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101026309A CN101578944B (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Standardization planting method of tuber pinellia |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101578944A CN101578944A (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| CN101578944B true CN101578944B (en) | 2012-01-04 |
Family
ID=41361372
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101026309A Expired - Fee Related CN101578944B (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Standardization planting method of tuber pinellia |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101578944B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103238392A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-08-14 | 西南大学 | Simple and effective method for promoting seed germination |
| CN103238394A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-08-14 | 西南大学 | Method for enhancing germination rate of cocksfoot seeds |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102668829B (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2013-05-29 | 华中农业大学 | Rapid propagation method for Pinellia ternate buds |
| CN102428815B (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-02-27 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Good agriculture practice (GAP) method of Isodon glaucocalyx Kudo |
| CN102498887A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2012-06-20 | 贵州安泰药业有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings of ceratostigma willmottianum |
| CN102498888B (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-15 | 贵州安泰药业有限公司 | Standardized planting method for ceratostigma willmottianum |
| CN102487675A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-06-13 | 杭州三叶青农业科技有限公司 | Method for culturing Pinellia cordata |
| CN102499044A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-06-20 | 南京农业大学 | Cultivation method capable of increasing biomass of selfheal clusters and yield of active ingredients |
| CN102960148B (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2016-09-14 | 贵州信邦制药股份有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the Rhizoma Pinelliae |
| CN102960207A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-03-13 | 贵州信邦制药股份有限公司 | Disease and pest control method in efficient pinellia cultivation |
| CN103026931B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-03-02 | 潜江市元泽农业发展有限公司 | Prevent and treat the method for leaf spot disease of pinellia ternata |
| CN103120078B (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2016-04-27 | 潜江市半夏研究所 | A kind of storage method of the tuber of pinellia |
| CN103109688B (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2015-07-15 | 淮北师范大学 | Method for delaying sprout tumbling at high temperature and raising yield and alkaloid content of pinellia ternate |
| CN104137720A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-12 | 陈垣 | Pinellia ternate cultivation method by means of small greenhouse covering, deep seeding and condensed planting |
| CN104012213B (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2015-11-18 | 南京工业大学大丰海洋产业研究院 | A kind of processing method of preventing tuber of pinellia stem tuber soft rot |
| CN104303789A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-28 | 陆川县大鹏现代农业发展有限公司 | Method for cultivating pinellia ternata |
| CN104604491A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-13 | 蒙柳宁 | Pinellia ternate cultivation method |
| CN104620813B (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2017-06-23 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of normalized planting method of medicinal plant blackberry lily |
| CN104737758B (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-07-11 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of seed seedling-raising method of Companumoea root |
| CN104798574A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-29 | 安徽裕民生态农业有限公司 | Planting method of pinellia ternata |
| CN105145034A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-12-16 | 亳州市谯城区药用动植物研究所 | Pinellia tenataBreit fast breeding method |
| CN105453875B (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2019-04-26 | 谢希智 | A kind of method of desert restoration of the ecosystem band plantation Radix Isatidis |
| CN105766279A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-07-20 | 云南普瑞生物制药有限公司 | Rhizoma pinelliae seedling earth up method |
| CN107580978A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-16 | 黄青山 | Precocious medicine-food two-purpose sun lotus fast breeding method |
| CN106258448A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-01-04 | 佛山市茂源环保科技开发有限公司 | A kind of mixed planting method of the Rhizoma Pinelliae |
| CN106718004A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-31 | 天水农业学校（天水市农业科技人才培训中心） | A kind of tuber of pinellia strange land detoxification breeding and growing and cultivation method |
| CN107306630B (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-12-10 | 新苑阳光农业有限公司 | planting method of pinellia ternata |
| CN107173129A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-19 | 裴国平 | A kind of tuber of pinellia Block stem rotten sickness prevention and controls |
| CN107295875A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-27 | 界首市康泽家庭农场 | A kind of peach underwood planting method of the tuber of pinellia |
| CN107371459A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-11-24 | 阜南县兴农果树有限公司 | A kind of method of burnt tuber of pinellia seedling growing plantation |
| CN108157094A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-15 | 宋交愚 | A kind of method of selenium-rich Jerusalem artichoke breeding, cultivation and its disease-resistant, insect-prevention |
| CN109105194A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-01 | 荆州市民康生物科技有限公司 | A kind of tuber of pinellia stereo plantation method |
| CN110089360A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-06 | 北京葆年堂(菏泽)药业有限公司 | A kind of tuber of pinellia implantation methods promoting yield |
| CN110012703B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2024-03-15 | 南京工业大学 | Multi-pipe type seed stem sowing device for half summer seeds |
| CN111034514A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-04-21 | 李洪军 | Method for preventing and treating pinellia ternata soil-borne diseases by adopting composite probiotics |
| CN114586600B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-09-22 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof |
-
2009
- 2009-06-22 CN CN2009101026309A patent/CN101578944B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 孙稚颖等.天南星规范化种植技术.《第一届全国中药商品学术大会论文集》.2008,103-108. * |
| 李西文等.半夏规范化种植、采收研究.《现代中药研究与实践》.2005,第19卷(第2期),29-34. * |
| 熊惠江.贵州半夏规范化种植初探.《中国民族医药杂志》.2004,155-156. * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103238392A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-08-14 | 西南大学 | Simple and effective method for promoting seed germination |
| CN103238394A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-08-14 | 西南大学 | Method for enhancing germination rate of cocksfoot seeds |
| CN103238392B (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-11-26 | 西南大学 | Simple and effective method for promoting seed germination |
| CN103238394B (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-12-10 | 西南大学 | Method for enhancing germination rate of cocksfoot seeds |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101578944A (en) | 2009-11-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101578944B (en) | Standardization planting method of tuber pinellia | |
| CN102498895B (en) | Standard planting method for paris polyphylla | |
| CN1316868C (en) | Standard planting method of radix pseudostellariae | |
| CN101288370B (en) | Pinellia ternate good quality and high output culture technique | |
| CN102138427B (en) | Standard planting method of non-forest ginseng | |
| CN102668833A (en) | Method for planting radix pseudostellariae | |
| CN102742442A (en) | Wild pinellia ternate cultivation method | |
| CN104303735A (en) | GAP (good agricultural practices) cultivation method for leaf rosemary yard | |
| CN102428815B (en) | Good agriculture practice (GAP) method of Isodon glaucocalyx Kudo | |
| CN105013808B (en) | A kind of method using mulberry tree cadmium pollution soil repair | |
| CN105165305A (en) | Efficient pollution-free cultivation method for white ginger in greenhouse | |
| CN102893800A (en) | Method for efficiently planting aizoon stonecrop | |
| CN102726268A (en) | Cultivation process for organic pomegranate | |
| CN103004394A (en) | Alpine organic honeysuckle high yield planting technology | |
| CN107580998A (en) | A kind of nuisanceless farmland planting method of ginseng | |
| CN105794584A (en) | Potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum three-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting | |
| CN102511217A (en) | Soil improvement method for planting ginseng in non-forestry land | |
| CN109247205A (en) | A kind of spun gold emperor chrysanthemum method for non-polluted cultivation | |
| CN103804070B (en) | A kind of Herba Anoectochili roxburghii cultivation assists material and returns crude culture method | |
| CN107347429A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of polygonum capitatum | |
| CN102884934A (en) | Burdock cultivation technique | |
| CN104186063B (en) | A kind of cultivation of asparagus method | |
| CN105580585B (en) | Chinese chestnut is preced with the wild change man of lower northeast radix pseudostellariae and plants cultural method | |
| CN106258420A (en) | A kind of rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of summer autumn capsicum | |
| CN106305050A (en) | Rotation organic cultivation method for over-summer capsicum annuum L., vegetable vicia faba, early oryza sativa and eleocharis dulcis |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: GUIZHOU CHANGHAO TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE DEVE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: GUIZHOU XINBANG TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. Effective date: 20111013 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20111013 Address after: 556013 box 204, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, Kaili Applicant after: Guizhou Changhao Traditional Chinses Medicine Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 204 mailbox 556013, Guizhou City, Kaili Province Applicant before: Guizhou Xinbang Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Development Co., Ltd. |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20160811 Address after: 557500, Guizhou Town, Danzhai County, Xingren province camp village Patentee after: Chang Huang Huang (Guizhou) Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. Address before: 556013 box 204, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, Kaili Patentee before: Guizhou Changhao Traditional Chinses Medicine Development Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20120104 Termination date: 20170622 |