CN104012213B - A kind of processing method of preventing tuber of pinellia stem tuber soft rot - Google Patents
A kind of processing method of preventing tuber of pinellia stem tuber soft rot Download PDFInfo
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- CN104012213B CN104012213B CN201410278429.7A CN201410278429A CN104012213B CN 104012213 B CN104012213 B CN 104012213B CN 201410278429 A CN201410278429 A CN 201410278429A CN 104012213 B CN104012213 B CN 104012213B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of processing method of preventing tuber of pinellia stem tuber soft rot, belong to technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, core is to carry out disinfection sterilizing to a large amount of stem of planting before the plantation of tuber of pinellia stem tuber, accomplishes the generation preventing soft rot, plants output and stem tuber quality to improve the tuber of pinellia; Key step is classification; To dry in the air for the first time kind; Seed selection; Sterilization; Seed soaking and secondary dry in the air kind, sterilization is carried out to tuber of pinellia stem tuber surface, then soaks seed, generation and the transmission of pathogen of soft rot can be prevented, to improve tuber of pinellia plantation output and medicinal quality, simple, easy to use, the applicable vast tuber of pinellia plantation family of the method is applied.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of tuber of pinellia that utilizes and plant the front method that tuber of pinellia stem tuber sterilization treatment prevention tuber of pinellia soft rot is occurred.
Background technology
The tuber of pinellia, has another name called: the three leaf tuber of pinellia, is Araeceae herbaceos perennial.The tuber of pinellia is the important medicinal material of one in Chinese medicine treasure-house, and be used as medicine apart from the present more than 2000 year history, the place of production only has the China and Japan in Asia.Medicinal function is eliminating dampness and eliminating phlegm, and stomach preventing or arresting vomiting, cure mainly phlegm wet water drink, vomiting, cough diseases such as breathing heavily.Can grow in the most area of China's height above sea level less than 2500 meters, main product in Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, Guizhou, Anhui, Jiangsu, 17 provinces and cities such as Gansu, be grown on the environment such as field, small stream limit, dark and damp hillside, sylvan life.In production, the tuber of pinellia mainly carries out vegetative propagation with stem tuber, and after continuous cropping plantation, germ plasm resource is degenerated, infecting simultaneously by pathogen, parallel diffusion, and make disease more and more serious, cause output to reduce year by year, quality declines year by year.Research finds that tuber of pinellia soft rot has become the most important disease in tuber of pinellia main producing region, and soft rot belongs to (Erwinia) bacterium and rhizopus (Rhizopus) fungus-caused plant disease primarily of erwinia.The tissue of plant or organ can be made to occur to rot.Germ is weak parasite, the organ of the succulence plumpness of plant of mainly causing harm, and as block root, stem tuber, fruit, stem foot etc., morbidity is not limited to field, also has generation in transit with duration of storage.It is undertaken by provenance stem tuber and soil that tuber of pinellia soft rot is propagated, once there is soft rot, often causes a large amount of underproduction of the tuber of pinellia even to be had no harvest, seriously limits quality and the large-scale production of the tuber of pinellia.
At present, the research about plant soft rot disease prevention also has relevant report, and if application number is 201180045884.7, " soft rot control agent and Disease-Control for Soft-Rotting method " provides the novel prevention and controls of a kind of novel soft rot control agent and soft rot.Not having antibacterial activity to carrot soft rot Erwinia but having the active compound of control to the fungi of soil surface is plant soft rot disease control agent for plant cultivation soil; If application number is 201310192331.5, " a kind of konjak soft rot Prevention Technique " the present invention relates to and a kind ofly make the technology extracting bactericide control konjak soft rot by oneself, belongs to plant disease and plant pesticide local method extracts diseases prevention field.97% berberine ten honeysuckle leaching liquor ten Radix Isatidis leaching liquor of allicin ten industrial abstract adopting local method to extract, the konjak soft rot of mixed liquor control by a certain percentage, protection effect reaches 86.3%; As application number be 201210480313.2 " a kind of implantation methods of the anti-soft rot of konjaku " be for konjaku seed sterilization, plant taro dressing, land use selection, soil and fertilizer and disinfect, plant taro and place and the technical step such as fertilizing method, covering method, field management in seedling stage, effective cut-out pathogeny body, control soft rot source harm plant, reduce the occurrence probability as konjaku first jinx soft rot; " a kind of method suppressing green asparagus to adopt rear soft rot " that be 201010554246.5 as application number utilizes before green asparagus normal temperature circulation transport, adopt a left side gram solution immersion treatment 10min of 30-60mg/L, this bactericide can suppress green asparagus to cause the activity of rotten bacterium DNA gyrase, stop the synthesis of DNA of bacteria and copy and cause bacterial death, making the commodity rate of adopting rear green asparagus improve 30%-40%.
The processing method of the soft rot that prior art mainly proposes for carrot, konjaku and green asparagus etc., and make prevention and containment targetedly according to the feature of Different Crop, comprise whole planting process or In transit, different Bacteria erwinia process is carried out to crop, Be very effective, but at present also effective control method is not formed to tuber of pinellia virus disease and bacterial slimy soft rot, so need the generation of the soft rot studied a kind of prevention or suppress tuber of pinellia stem tuber.
Summary of the invention
For the problem of above-mentioned proposition, the present invention aims to provide a kind of prevention tuber of pinellia soft rot stem tuber processing method, to carry out disinfection sterilizing, accomplish the generation preventing soft rot, plant output and stem tuber quality to improve the tuber of pinellia before the plantation of tuber of pinellia stem tuber to a large amount of stem of planting.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
Prevent a processing method for tuber of pinellia stem tuber soft rot, it is characterized in that, carry out successively according to the following stated step:
(1) classification: will give over to kind of use or the fresh tuber newly bought crosses sieve classification by diameter, and remove impurity, the stem tuber of every grade claims fresh weight M;
(2) to dry in the air for the first time kind: in step (1), the stem tuber of classification is spread out, spreads even, kind of drying in the air for the first time, laying depth controls at 10 ~ 15 centimetres, dry in the air for the first time after planting and claim every grade of dry weight m again, the water content of stem tuber is not higher than 20%, and dress mesh bag is also placed in dry environment storage 0 ~ 6 month;
(3) choose seeds: the stem tuber removing mechanical damage, then soak with clear water, the floating stem tuber that removing clear water upper strata is shrivelled, the high-quality stem tuber precipitated of selecting and remain, for subsequent use;
(4) sterilization: compound concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.1%, by the high-quality stem tuber chosen in step (3) the described liquor potassic permanganate submergence prepared, Immersion time 0.5 ~ 1.5 hour, then remove the bactericidal liquid of remained on surface with clear water, and spread out in dark ventilation and dry;
(5) soak seed: compound concentration is the carbendazim solution of 5%, soak seed in step (4) through the sterile-processed stem tuber described carbendazim solution prepared, seed soaking time 9 ~ 18 hours, forbid during seed soaking stirring stem tuber, prevent stem tuber excoriation;
(6) secondary dries in the air kind: after seed soaking terminates, and take out stem tuber, be positioned over dark ventilation, spread out, spread even, laying depth controls at 5 ~ 12 centimetres, namely can be used for sowing after drying 3 ~ 5 days.
Further improvement of the present invention is: the mesh size that sieves that in described step (1), classification uses is set to 1 centimetre and 2 centimetres of two kinds of specifications.
Further improvement of the present invention is: described step (2) " kind of drying in the air for the first time " period carried out turning over stem tuber every 1 ~ 2 day, it detected the water content of stem tuber at duration of storage every 2 ~ 3 days, calculate fresh weight M and dry weight m difference, the ratio of difference and fresh weight M, between ratio range 0.01 ~ 0.2, judge the water content of stem tuber, prevent stem tuber mouldy, rot.
Further improvement of the present invention is: described step (4), (5) " sterilization " and " seed soaking " middle stem tuber are all placed in transparent glass vessels and carry out submergence and seed soaking.
Further improvement of the present invention is: turned over stem tuber every 1 ~ 2 day in described step (6) " secondary dry in the air kind ", by hand or the temperature of thermometer measure stem tuber inside while turning over stem tuber, temperature controls below 15 DEG C, prevents that internal temperature is too high affects germination rate.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by carrying out the treatment steps such as airing, dry storage, seed selection, seed soaking sterilization to kind stem tuber, sterilization is carried out to stem tuber surface, the generation of prevention soft rot, to improve tuber of pinellia plantation output and stem tuber quality, simple, easy to use, the applicable vast tuber of pinellia plantation family of method is applied.
Embodiment
Better technical solution of the present invention is understood in order to enable those of ordinary skill in the art; below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further described; be to be understood that; these describe just for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, instead of limiting the scope of the invention.
embodiment one:
Fresh, growth is bought annual November better and 50 jin, the uniform tuber of pinellia stem tuber of head from plantation family or cultivation family hand, remove impurity, and be 1 centimetre, 2 centimetres two kinds of specifications sieves from buying wire netting making mesh size on the market, three grades are divided into after tuber of pinellia stem tuber sieves, diameter be greater than 2 centimetres for one-level, between 1 ~ 2 centimetre is secondary, be less than 1 centimetre be three grades, and claiming every grade of fresh weight M, M value is 49.9 jin; Divide the stem tuber after good level through spreading kind of drying in the air for the first time out, thickness is 10 centimetres, dry in the air for the first time during planting and carried out turning over stem tuber every 1 day, dry in the air for the first time after planting and claim every grade of dry weight m again, m value is 47.4 jin, the difference calculating fresh weight M and dry weight m is 2.5 jin, again by the ratio determination water content of difference and fresh weight M, water content is 5%, and dress mesh bag preserves 4 months, duration of storage detected stem tuber water content every 2 days, prevented stem tuber mouldy, rotten; Take out the stem tuber of storage after March next year, ridding machines damage stem tuber, rear classification clear water soaks, and removes the shrivelled stem tuber that all clear water upper stratas are floating, takes out precipitation stem tuber, for subsequent use; With preparation 0.1% potassium permanganate germicidal solution, submergence three kinds of rank stem tubers respectively, diameter less than 1 centimetre, 1-2 centimetre, the submergence setup times that is greater than 2 centimetres is respectively 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, then washes away remained on surface bactericidal liquid with clear water, be placed in dark ventilation and spread out and dry; Then with 5% carbendazim solution seed soaking, seed soaking time was at 9 ~ 12 hours, and " seed soaking " and " sterilization " is all carried out in glassware, facilitates observing response situation, forbade stirring stem tuber during seed soaking, prevented excoriation; Finally the stem tuber after seed soaking is taken out, spread out and dry 3 days, thickness is 5 centimetres, and period turned over stem tuber every 1 day, uses the temperature of hand measurement stem tuber inside simultaneously, temperature controls below 15 DEG C, prevent that internal temperature is too high affects germination rate, in plantation mid-March, the identical ground of alternative condition is as parallel laboratory test, altogether arrange three parallel laboratory tests, germination rate reaches 93.7%.
embodiment two
This year 70 jin, tuber of pinellia stem tuber is stayed annual October to be used as kind, remove impurity, secondary is divided into after being sieved by stem tuber with 1 centimetre of specification wire netting, diameter 1-2 centimetre be one-level, less than 1 centimetre be secondary, claim every grade of fresh weight M, M value is 69.8 jin, by kind of drying in the air for the first time, thickness 12 centimetres, dry in the air for the first time during planting and carried out turning over stem tuber every 2 days, dry in the air for the first time after planting and claim every grade of dry weight m again, m value is 64.2 jin, calculating stem tuber water content is 8%, also be the method for effectively preventing soft rot to the Accurate Measurement of stem tuber water content during drying in the air for the first time kind, can make the water content of stem tuber in control range, moisture is more, the incidence probability of soft rot is also larger, after kind of drying in the air for the first time, stem tuber is filled mesh bag and preserve 5 months, duration of storage detected stem tuber water content every 3 days, prevent stem tuber mouldy, rot, ridding machines damage in March next year stem tuber, rear classification clear water soaks, and removes the shrivelled stem tuber that all clear water upper stratas are floating, takes out the precipitation stem tuber of high-quality, for subsequent use, then use preparation 0.1% potassium permanganate germicidal solution, submergence is divided into the stem tuber of two-stage respectively, and Immersion time is 0.5 hour, then washes away remained on surface bactericidal liquid with clear water, and dark ventilation is spread out and dried, again with 5% carbendazim solution seed soaking, seed soaking time was at 14 ~ 18 hours, and " seed soaking " and " sterilization " is all carried out in glassware, facilitates observing response situation, forbade stirring stem tuber during seed soaking, prevented excoriation, finally the stem tuber after seed soaking is taken out, spread airing out 3 days, thickness 8 centimetres, period turned over stem tuber every 1 day, used the temperature of hand measurement stem tuber inside simultaneously, temperature controls below 15 DEG C, prevent that internal temperature is too high affects germination rate, in plantation mid-March, the identical ground of alternative condition is as parallel laboratory test, arrange two parallel tests altogether, germination rate reaches 98.4%.
embodiment three
Fresh, growth is bought annual 10 moons in the middle ten days better and 150 jin, the uniform tuber of pinellia stem tuber of head from plantation family or cultivation family hand, remove impurity, mesh size 1 centimetre, 2 centimetres of two kinds of specification wire nettings are set, three grades are divided after stem tuber sieves, every grade claims fresh weight M, and M value is 148.9 jin, diameter be greater than 2 centimetres be one-level, 1 ~ 2 centimetre be secondary, less than 1 centimetre be three grades; Stem tuber dries in the air through for the first time kind, dry in the air for the first time during planting and carried out turning over stem tuber every 1 day, dry in the air for the first time after planting and claim every grade of dry weight m again, m value is 131.2 jin, the water content of gained stem tuber is 12%, and dry in the air kind of thickness 15 centimetres for the first time, and dress mesh bag preserves 6 months, duration of storage detected stem tuber water content every 2 days, prevented stem tuber mouldy, rotten; Ridding machines damage in April next year stem tuber, then classifies and to be soaked by stem tuber clear water, remove all floating stem tubers, take out precipitation stem tuber, for subsequent use; With preparation 0.1% potassium permanganate germicidal solution, submergence two-stage stem tuber respectively, the submergence setup times of two-stage stem tuber is: one-level 1.5 hours, secondary 1 hour, then washes away remained on surface bactericidal liquid with clear water, and dark ventilation is spread out and dried; Then with 5% carbendazim solution seed soaking, seed soaking time was at 10 ~ 12 hours, and " seed soaking " and " sterilization " is all carried out in glassware, facilitates observing response situation, forbade stirring stem tuber during seed soaking, prevented excoriation; Finally the stem tuber after seed soaking is taken out, spread airing out 5 days, thickness 10 centimetres, period turned over stem tuber every 2 days, used the temperature of thermometer measure stem tuber inside simultaneously, temperature controls below 15 DEG C, prevent that internal temperature is too high affects germination rate, in plantation mid-March, the identical ground of alternative condition is as parallel laboratory test, arrange three parallel tests altogether, germination rate reaches 95.2%.
embodiment four
90 jin, tuber of pinellia stem tuber was stayed annual mid-February upper one year to be used as to plant, remove impurity, secondary is divided into after being sieved by stem tuber with 1 centimetre of specification wire netting, every grade claims fresh weight M, M value is 89.9 jin, diameter 1-2 centimetre be one-level, less than 1 centimetre be secondary, by kind of drying in the air for the first time, thickness 10 centimetres, dry in the air for the first time during planting and carried out turning over stem tuber every 1 day, dry in the air for the first time after planting and claim every grade of dry weight m again, m value is 80.9 jin, the water content of gained stem tuber is 10%, stem tuber is without the need to storage, then ridding machines damage stem tuber, rear classification clear water soaks, remove the shrivelled stem tuber that all clear water upper stratas are floating, take out the precipitation stem tuber of high-quality, for subsequent use, then use preparation 0.1% potassium permanganate germicidal solution, submergence is divided into the stem tuber of two-stage respectively, and Immersion time is 1 hour, then washes away remained on surface bactericidal liquid with clear water, and dark ventilation is spread out and dried, again with 5% carbendazim solution seed soaking, seed soaking time was at 16 ~ 18 hours, and " seed soaking " and " sterilization " is all carried out in glassware, facilitates observing response situation, forbade stirring stem tuber during seed soaking, prevented excoriation, finally the stem tuber after seed soaking is taken out, spread airing out 5 days, thickness 10 centimetres, period turned over stem tuber every 2 days, used the temperature of thermometer measure stem tuber inside simultaneously, temperature controls below 15 DEG C, prevent that internal temperature is too high affects germination rate, dry the rear plantation that is directly used for, the identical ground of alternative condition is as parallel laboratory test, arrange two parallel tests altogether, germination rate reaches 94.2%.
Claims (2)
1. prevent a processing method for tuber of pinellia stem tuber soft rot, it is characterized in that, carry out successively according to the following stated step:
(1) classification: will give over to kind of use or the fresh tuber newly bought crosses sieve classification by diameter, the mesh size that sieves that classification uses is set to 1 centimetre and 2 centimetres of two kinds of specifications, and removes impurity, and the stem tuber of every grade claims fresh weight M;
(2) to dry in the air for the first time kind: in step (1), the stem tuber of classification is spread out, spread even, to dry in the air for the first time kind, laying depth controls at 10 ~ 15 centimetres, dry in the air for the first time after planting and claim every grade of dry weight m again, the water content of stem tuber is not higher than 20%, dress mesh bag is also placed in dry environment storage 0 ~ 6 month, " kind of drying in the air for the first time " period carried out turning over stem tuber every 1 ~ 2 day, it detected the water content of stem tuber at duration of storage every 2 ~ 3 days, calculate fresh weight M and dry weight m difference, the ratio of difference and fresh weight M, between ratio range 0.01 ~ 0.2, judge the water content of stem tuber, prevent stem tuber mouldy, rot,
(3) choose seeds: the stem tuber removing mechanical damage, then soak with clear water, the floating stem tuber that removing clear water upper strata is shrivelled, the high-quality stem tuber precipitated of selecting and remain, for subsequent use;
(4) sterilization: compound concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.1%, by the high-quality stem tuber chosen in step (3) the described liquor potassic permanganate submergence prepared, Immersion time 0.5 ~ 1.5 hour, then remove the bactericidal liquid of remained on surface with clear water, and spread out in dark ventilation and dry;
(5) soak seed: compound concentration is the carbendazim solution of 5%, soak seed in step (4) through the sterile-processed stem tuber described carbendazim solution prepared, seed soaking time 9 ~ 18 hours, forbids during seed soaking stirring stem tuber, prevents stem tuber excoriation;
(6) secondary dries in the air kind: after seed soaking terminates, take out stem tuber, be positioned over dark ventilation, spread out, spread even, laying depth controls at 5 ~ 12 centimetres, namely can be used for sowing after drying 3 ~ 5 days, and turn over stem tuber every 1 ~ 2 day, by hand or the temperature of thermometer measure stem tuber inside while turning over stem tuber, temperature controls below 15 DEG C, prevents that internal temperature is too high affects germination rate.
2. the processing method of prevention tuber of pinellia stem tuber soft rot according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (4), (5) " sterilization " and " seed soaking " middle stem tuber are all placed in transparent glass vessels and carry out submergence and seed soaking.
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| CN110192455A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-09-03 | 赫章县山地高效农业科技有限公司 | A kind of sterilizing of tuber of pinellia seedling stem and method for separating |
| CN111296206A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-19 | 安徽精诚本草中药饮片有限公司 | Method for rapidly propagating pinellia ternata in vitro tubers |
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