CN107306630B - planting method of pinellia ternata - Google Patents
planting method of pinellia ternata Download PDFInfo
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- CN107306630B CN107306630B CN201710488387.3A CN201710488387A CN107306630B CN 107306630 B CN107306630 B CN 107306630B CN 201710488387 A CN201710488387 A CN 201710488387A CN 107306630 B CN107306630 B CN 107306630B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a pinellia ternate planting method which comprises the steps of seed selection, fertilizer application, farmland ridging, seeding, watering, harvesting and the like, wherein detailed description is given on how to select seeds, fertilizing time, fertilizing amount, farmland, seeding time, seeding amount, watering amount and the like. The pinellia ternate planting method provided by the invention is simple in operation steps, sufficient base fertilizer is applied by proper furrow ploughing, organic fertilizer is used as a main inorganic fertilizer and an auxiliary inorganic fertilizer, water and fertilizer are strictly controlled, no fertilizer is required to be added and no insect-proof agent is required to be applied during the growth period of pinellia ternate, and the problem of pesticide residue pollution in the pinellia ternate planting process can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of cultivation and planting of medicinal plants, in particular to a planting method of pinellia ternata.
Background
Pinellia ternata plant science name: pinellia terrata (Thunb.) breit, also known as: pinellia ternata (thunb.) Brevifolia; herba Scutellariae Barbatae; jumping in three steps; eight beans; keeping a field; jade water; sheep eyes. The species native China is a poisonous plant recorded in a Chinese plant map database, the toxicity of the species is whole plant toxicity, the tuber toxicity is high, and the species is a perennial herb plant of the Araceae family. The height is 15-35 cm, the tuber is nearly spherical, the diameter is 0.5-3.0 cm, 1-4 basal leaves come from the top end of the tuber, the petiole is 5-25 cm long, the lower part of the petiole is provided with a white or brown bulbil, the diameter is 3-8 cm, the base of the occasional leaf also has a white or brown bulbil, and the diameter is 2-4 mm. Parthenocarpy, namely, the female flowers grow under the rachis, the cover does not exist, 20-70 pistils exist, the style is short, and the male and female plants are isogenous; the male flower is located on the upper part of the inflorescence shaft, is white and has no quilt, the stamen is densely arranged in a cylindrical shape, the interval between the male flower and the female flower is 3-7 mm, a small hole with the diameter of 1mm is arranged at the position where the spathe is surrounded, the small hole is communicated with the upper part and the lower part, the tail end of the inflorescence is in a tail shape, the spathe extends out, and the shape is green or purple, vertical or S-shaped.
Pinellia ternate is widely distributed in Yangtze river basin in China, northeast China, North China and other areas, plays an important role in production and supply of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and is popular with the public. However, in recent years, the planting and production of pinellia ternata nationwide have some outstanding problems: firstly, most of the planting adopts artificial planting, the planting speed is low, the plants are not uniform, the planting depth is inconsistent, and the pinellia ternata production is influenced; secondly, farmers adopt large water and fertilizer to promote the growth of pinellia ternate in pursuit of yield, but the yield of pinellia ternate is increased, and the problem of drug residue pollution exists, so that the quality of pinellia ternate is influenced; thirdly, the harvesting time of the pinellia ternate is a large amount of manual time, and the harvesting of the pinellia ternate is incomplete.
disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a planting method of pinellia ternata, which overcomes one of the above disadvantages and has good practicability.
in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
A planting method of pinellia ternata comprises the following steps:
a. Seed selection: selecting a variety with long stem, thick, stiff and upright leaves, lodging resistance, less tillering and small leaves.
b. Applying a fertilizer: applying base fertilizers to soil, wherein the base fertilizers comprise fully decomposed organic fertilizers of 1000-2000 kg/mu and inorganic fertilizers of 20-35 kg/mu; simultaneously applying 1.4-1.6 kg/mu of phoxim granules;
c. Ploughing and ridging: the cultivation depth is 25-30 cm, watering is carried out when the soil moisture is insufficient to form soil moisture, and the soil is ploughed with the humidity of 55% -65%; harrowing and ditching, wherein the distance between ditches is 3-5 meters, the width of the bottom of each ditch is 8-12 cm, the width of the upper opening of each ditch is 15-25 cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30-35 cm.
d. Sowing: the sowing time is from grain rain to beginning of summer; sowing with a tuber sowing machine for pinellia ternata, wherein the seed depth is 3-5 cm, and the breadth is 20-25 cm; or adjusting the width row and the narrow row of the seeder to sow, wherein the width row is 25-30 cm, and the narrow row is 15-20 cm; seeds of 125 kg-150 kg/mu are used; spraying 28-32 kg/mu of a solution prepared by diluting pendimethalin and a herbicide with the dosage form of 33% emulsifiable concentrate by 150-200 times after sowing;
e. Watering, namely watering the seedlings after seedlings emerge regularly with growth promoting water of 20-30 m 3/mu, and keeping the soil dry and wet after the growth promoting water;
f. and applying 7-9 kg/mu of low-nitrogen-phosphorus high-potassium calcium-containing magnesium fertilizer at the end of 8 months and at the beginning of 9 months.
g. Harvesting: harvesting by a pinellia ternata harvester.
Furthermore, in the rainy day in summer, the soil is irrigated in a well ditch once every evening to maintain the soil humidity to be 55% -65%.
And further, keeping the budding environment temperature of the pinellia ternata to be 13-16 ℃ and the growth environment temperature to be 15-26 ℃ after the step d.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the planting method of the pinellia ternata, sufficient base fertilizer is applied during soil preparation to ensure that the nutrition of the pinellia ternata is sufficient in the growth period, and the fertilizer is applied only once in the later period, so that the problem of drug residue of the pinellia ternata can be effectively solved, and the quality of the pinellia ternata is ensured; when the base fertilizer is applied, the phoxim granules are applied to prevent insects, and no pesticide is adopted in the growing period of the pinellia ternata, so that the insect pests of the pinellia ternata can be prevented, and the drug residue can be further reduced; the leek herbicide is sprayed for weeding after sowing, while the use of the herbicide is avoided in the growing period of the pinellia ternata, and further the pollution caused by drug residue is avoided; through proper furrow distance, furrow width and furrow depth, on the premise of guaranteeing that pinellia ternate has sufficient growth space, be favorable to the later stage to maintain soil moisture to guarantee the pinellia ternate output.
(2) the soil humidity is maintained at 55-65%, so that the growth of pinellia ternata is facilitated, and the yield and quality of pinellia ternata are ensured.
(3) The sprouting environment temperature of the pinellia ternata and the growth environment temperature of the pinellia ternata are ensured, the growth of the pinellia ternata is facilitated, and the yield and the quality of the pinellia ternata are further ensured.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example one
The embodiment relates to a planting method of pinellia ternata, which comprises the following steps:
a. Seed selection: selecting a variety with long stem, thick, stiff and upright leaves, lodging resistance, less tillering and small leaves.
b. Applying a fertilizer: applying base fertilizers in soil, wherein the base fertilizers comprise fully decomposed organic fertilizers of 1000 kg/mu and inorganic fertilizers of 35 kg/mu; simultaneously applying 1.4 kg/mu of phoxim granules;
c. Ploughing and ridging: the cultivation depth is 30cm, watering is carried out when the soil moisture is insufficient to form soil moisture, and the soil moisture is turned over at 65%; harrowing, ditching, wherein the distance between ditches is 5 meters, the width of the bottom of each ditch is 12cm, the width of the upper opening of each ditch is 25cm, and the depth of each ditch is 35 cm.
d. sowing: the sowing time is from grain rain to beginning of summer; sowing with a tuber sowing machine for pinellia tuber with the seed depth of 5cm and the breadth of 22 cm; or the seeder is adjusted to sow in wide and narrow rows, the wide rows are 30cm, and the narrow rows are 20 cm; 150 kg/mu of seeds are used; after sowing, spraying 30 kg/mu of solution of pendimethalin and herbicide with dosage form of 33% emulsifiable solution diluted by 180 times;
e. Watering, namely watering the seedlings to grow regularly with growth promoting water of 25m 3/mu, and keeping the soil dry and wet after the growth promoting water;
f. and applying 9 kg/mu of the water-soluble fertilizer containing calcium and magnesium with low nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents at the bottom of 8 months and at the beginning of 9 months.
g. Harvesting: harvesting with pinellia harvester in 10 middle ten days.
Example two
The embodiment relates to a planting method of pinellia ternata, which comprises the following steps:
a. seed selection: selecting a variety with long stem, thick, stiff and upright leaves, lodging resistance, less tillering and small leaves.
b. Applying a fertilizer: applying base fertilizers in soil, wherein the base fertilizers comprise 1500 kg/mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizers and 25 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizers; simultaneously applying 1.5 kg/mu of phoxim granules;
c. Ploughing and ridging: the cultivation depth is 25cm, watering is carried out when the soil moisture is insufficient to form soil moisture, and the soil moisture is turned over by 55 percent; harrowing, ditching, wherein the distance between ditches is 3 meters, the width of the bottom of each ditch is 10cm, the width of the upper opening of each ditch is 20cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30-35 cm.
d. sowing: the sowing time is from grain rain to beginning of summer; sowing with a tuber sowing machine for pinellia tuber with the seed depth of 4cm and the breadth of 25 cm; or the seeder is adjusted to sow in wide and narrow rows, the wide row is 25cm, and the narrow row is 15 cm; seeds are used for 125 kg/mu; spraying pendimethalin and 32 kg/mu of solution prepared by diluting herbicide with the dosage form of 33% emulsifiable solution by 200 times after sowing;
e. watering, namely watering the seedlings to promote growth of 30m 3/mu after seedlings emerge regularly, keeping the soil dry and wet after promoting growth of water, and watering the seedlings in a well ditch once every evening in the rainy day in the seedling emergence period to maintain the soil humidity of 55-65%.
f. And 7 kg/mu of low-nitrogen-phosphorus high-potassium calcium-magnesium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied at the bottom of 8 months and at the beginning of 9 months.
g. Harvesting: harvesting with pinellia harvester in 10 middle ten days.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment relates to a planting method of pinellia ternata, which comprises the following steps:
a. Seed selection: selecting a variety with long stem, thick, stiff and upright leaves, lodging resistance, less tillering and small leaves.
b. Applying a fertilizer: applying base fertilizers in soil, wherein the base fertilizers comprise 2000 kg/mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizers and 20 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizers; simultaneously applying 1.6 kg/mu of phoxim granules;
c. Ploughing and ridging: the cultivation depth is 30cm, watering is carried out when the soil moisture is insufficient to form soil moisture, and the soil moisture is turned over when 60 percent; harrowing, ditching, wherein the distance between ditches is 4 meters, the width of the bottom of each ditch is 8cm, the width of the upper opening of each ditch is 15cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30 cm.
d. Sowing: the sowing time is from grain rain to beginning of summer; sowing with tuber seeder, wherein the seed depth is 3cm, and the breadth is 20 cm; or the seeder is adjusted to sow in wide and narrow rows, the wide rows are 30cm, and the narrow rows are 15 cm; planting 140 kg/mu; after sowing, spraying pendimethalin and 28 kg/mu solution prepared by diluting 150 times of herbicide with the formulation of 33% missible oil.
e. watering, namely watering 20m 3/mu of growth promoting water after seedlings emerge regularly, keeping the soil dry and wet after the growth promoting water, and watering once in a well ditch every evening in the rainy day in the seedling emergence period to maintain the soil humidity of 55-65%, so that the pinellia ternata can grow favorably and the yield and the quality of the pinellia ternata can be ensured.
f. And 8 kg/mu of low-nitrogen-phosphorus high-potassium calcium-magnesium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied at the bottom of 8 months and at the beginning of 9 months.
g. Harvesting: harvesting with pinellia harvester in 10 middle ten days.
In the above embodiment, in rainy days in summer, the soil is irrigated in a well ditch once every evening after sowing to maintain the soil humidity to be 55% -65%, so that the soil humidity is kept, the soil temperature is reduced, two purposes are achieved at one stroke, and particularly in the seedling stage. Pinellia tuber is not only loving water but also afraid of water, and when the soil humidity exceeds a certain limit, the pinellia tuber grows badly, causes rotten roots, rotten stems, fallen seedlings and death, and reduces the yield of tubers.
In addition, the sprouting ambient temperature of the pinellia ternata is preferably kept to be 13-16 ℃, the growth ambient temperature is preferably kept to be 15-26 ℃, so that the pinellia ternata generally sprouts at 8-10 ℃, seedlings begin to emerge at 13 ℃, the seedlings emerge more rapidly along with the temperature rise, pearl buds appear, the pinellia ternata grows optimally at 15-26 ℃, the pinellia ternata grows slowly at more than 30 ℃, seedlings begin to fall off when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃ and water is deficient, the sprouting ambient temperature of the pinellia ternata and the growth ambient temperature of the pinellia ternata are ensured, the growth of the pinellia ternata is facilitated, and the yield and the quality of the pinellia ternata can be further ensured.
In addition, the low-nitrogen-phosphorus high-potassium calcium-magnesium-containing water-soluble fertilizer comprises: the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium are preferably 12%, 4%, 14%, 6% and 3% in unit mass, the proportion meets the nutritional requirements of pinellia ternate planting, the quality and the quality of pinellia ternate can be improved, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium can also be in other contents.
according to the planting method of the pinellia ternata, a proper variety is selected, sufficient base fertilizer is applied during soil preparation to ensure sufficient nutrition of the pinellia ternata in the growth period, and the fertilizer is applied only once in the later period, so that the water, fertilizer, labor and safety are saved, the problem of pest and disease damage caused by vigorous growth of large water and large fertilizer and the problem of seedling withdrawal in the growth period of the pinellia ternata can be solved, the labor force can be saved, and the planting method is suitable for vigorous popularization; solves the problems of the pinellia tuber that a large amount of fertilizer and pesticide resources are wasted and the environment is polluted.
before, the pesticide residue standard exceeding rate of the harvested pinellia ternate products is 34%, and after the method is adopted, the pesticide residue standard exceeding rate is zero, so that the quality of the pinellia ternate is effectively ensured; when the base fertilizer is applied, the phoxim granules are applied to prevent insects, and no pesticide is adopted in the growing period of the pinellia ternata, so that the insect pests of the pinellia ternata can be prevented, and the drug residue can be further reduced; after sowing, pendimethalin herbicide is sprayed for weeding, while the use of herbicide is avoided in the growing period of pinellia ternata, and further the pollution caused by drug residue is avoided; through proper furrow distance, furrow width and furrow depth, on the premise of guaranteeing that pinellia ternate has sufficient growth space, be favorable to the later stage to maintain soil moisture to guarantee the pinellia ternate output. Mechanized planting and harvesting, low cost, convenient management and safe control.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. The planting method of the pinellia ternata is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. Seed selection: selecting a variety with long stems, thick and firm leaves, lodging resistance, few tillers and small leaves;
b. Applying a fertilizer: applying base fertilizers to soil, wherein the base fertilizers comprise fully decomposed organic fertilizers of 1000-2000 kg/mu and inorganic fertilizers of 20-35 kg/mu; simultaneously applying 1.4-1.6 kg/mu of phoxim granules;
c. Ploughing and ridging: the cultivation depth is 25-30 cm, watering is carried out when the soil moisture is insufficient to form soil moisture, and the soil is ploughed with the humidity of 55% -65%; harrowing and ditching, wherein the distance between ditches is 3-5 meters, the width of the bottom of each ditch is 8-12 cm, the width of the upper opening of each ditch is 15-25 cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30-35 cm;
d. Sowing: the sowing time is from grain rain to beginning of summer; sowing with a pinellia tuber seeder, wherein the seed depth is 3-5 cm, and the breadth is 20-25 cm; or adjusting the width row and the narrow row of the seeder to sow, wherein the width row is 25-30 cm, and the narrow row is 15-20 cm; seeds of 125 kg-150 kg/mu are used; spraying 28-32 kg/mu of a solution prepared by diluting pendimethalin and a herbicide with the dosage form of 33% emulsifiable concentrate by 150-200 times after sowing;
e. watering, namely watering the seedlings after seedlings emerge regularly with growth promoting water of 20-30 m 3/mu, and keeping the soil dry and wet after the growth promoting water;
f. topdressing: applying 7-9 kg/mu of low-nitrogen-phosphorus-high-potassium calcium-containing magnesium water-soluble fertilizer at the bottom of 8 months and at the beginning of 9 months;
g. Harvesting: harvesting with pinellia harvester in 10 middle ten days.
2. The planting method of pinellia ternata according to claim 1, wherein: in the rainy day in summer, the soil is irrigated in a well ditch once every evening to maintain the soil humidity to be 55% -65%.
3. The planting method of pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and d, keeping the budding ambient temperature of the pinellia ternata to be 13-16 ℃ and the growth ambient temperature to be 15-26 ℃.
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| CN114586600B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-09-22 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof |
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| CN101578944B (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2012-01-04 | 贵州昌昊中药发展有限公司 | Standardization planting method of tuber pinellia |
| CN102742442A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-24 | 云南普瑞生物制药有限公司 | Wild pinellia ternate cultivation method |
| CN102960207A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-03-13 | 贵州信邦制药股份有限公司 | Disease and pest control method in efficient pinellia cultivation |
| CN105325137B (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-11-28 | 渭源县农业技术推广中心 | Sawdust firming cultural method is covered in a kind of non-irrigated tuber of pinellia full-film covering furrow |
| CN106069150A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-09 | 衢州市衢江区帮你富家庭农场有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Rhizoma Pinelliae |
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