CN114586600B - Three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof - Google Patents

Three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114586600B
CN114586600B CN202210407571.1A CN202210407571A CN114586600B CN 114586600 B CN114586600 B CN 114586600B CN 202210407571 A CN202210407571 A CN 202210407571A CN 114586600 B CN114586600 B CN 114586600B
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pear
branch
pinellia
pinellia ternate
tree
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CN114586600A (en
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李先明
涂俊凡
杨夫臣
朱红艳
郎鹏
魏华
王朝晖
刘金平
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Institute of Fruit and Tea of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
    • A01G17/06—Trellis-work
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
    • A01G17/10—Holders for boughs or branches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pear tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof. Aims to improve the field yield and economic benefit of three-dimensional ecological planting of pear trees and pinellia in the Yangtze river sand region of Jiang Han plain and in the Han water basin region, realize the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of pear trees and the high quality and high yield of pinellia, and save the cost of labor. The invention does not adopt the conventional technical measures of reducing branches, regulating side branches, controlling crown width, falling head and opening heart of the traditional pear tree, shading, intercropping, laminating and the like of the pinellia tuber, improves the field yield and quality of the pear tree and the pinellia tuber, takes the concept of 'saving resources and protecting environment', balances the relation between the nutrition growth and the reproduction growth of the pear tree, tree vigor and light energy through the regulation of tree shape, tree vigor and light energy, and improves the yield, quality and economic benefit of the pear tree and the pinellia tuber.

Description

Three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pear tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof. Aims to improve the field yield and economic benefit of three-dimensional ecological planting of pear trees and pinellia in the Yangtze river sand region of Jiang Han plain and in the Han water basin region, realize the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of pear trees and the high quality and high yield of pinellia, and save the cost of labor.
Background
The pear tree cultivation history in China is long, and the artificial cultivation history has more than 3000 years. The book "shijing. Zhonan" is recorded with "cover the lung Gan Tang, do not cut and do not cut, the book Bobo mentioned the sun", the book "shijing. Qin Feng. Morning wind" is recorded with " has the tree ", "tree " is called Yang by today, a deer pear, a mouse pear. Jiang Han the plain area starts from the Han dynasty and the description of pears is gradually increased, and from the Jindai dynasty, the Qin period "mountain sea Jingzhong mountain Jing" describes "mountain … … of the cave has pears and pomelos", the North and south China "Jinzhou land" describes "Jiangling famous pears", and the description of the Hubei Jiangling areas produces pears with good quality. "Hubei Tongzhi Zhi Yu" records "Bai Lizhou (Zhijiang City of Hubei province) on it, pinguangTuwo … … pear is the first place.
The country is the first big country of pear production in the world and is also the country of pear production. Chinese pears have important positions in the development of the world pear industry, and pears are the third largest fruits in China, which are inferior to apples and oranges. The statistics of the rural areas in 2019 shows that the yield of pears in 2018 is 1607.8 ten thousand tons, and the yield is reduced by 2.0 percent in the same ratio; the pear garden area is 943.4 kilohectares, which is increased by 2.4 percent in the same ratio. The pears are widely produced in China, and are planted in other provinces (cities and regions) except for the Hainan province, the harbor and the Australia region. The yield of Yangtze river and its urban areas (Chuan, yunnan, gui, zhe, hu, qian, yue, xiang, min, gan, guangdong and Hu) of south 12 provinces is 1/4 of that of the whole country, and the Yangtze river and its urban areas are important early maturing pear production areas in China.
Rhizoma Pinelliae (Pinellia ternate (thunder) Breit.) is a perennial plant of Araceae, and is used as a medicine with its dry tuber, and has effects of relieving cough, relieving asthma, and relieving vomiting, and is one of common medicinal materials, and the Shennong Bencaojing is recorded with the alias Diwen, the Jade, the Tang Bencao is recorded with the sheep eye Pinellia ternate, the Bencaogang is described as Hegu, the Baitian, and the Scorpion, and the Shengzhu Tuber is called as Laoguang mouth, taro, clover, coreless dish, and Zhu ban Xia. The Hubei Jiang Han plain area is the main production area of the genuine medicinal material Jing Banxia, and the Chinese genuine medicinal material records cloud dream Gu Ze, namely Jiang Han plain and the Jing ban Xia produced in the Han watershed of Hubei, the quality of which is in the first place, and is an important export product in Hubei province.
Pinellia ternate is originated from sandy loam with moist, loose and fertile shadow land, and the root is shallow and resistant to yin, drought and high temperature. In the production of artificially cultivated pinellia ternate, environmental factors such as high temperature, drought, strong light irradiation and the like cause seedling fall of the pinellia ternate and reduce field yield. The growing period and the change rule of the pinellia ternate in the seedling emergence, leaf spreading, bolting, seedling pouring period and the like are different in different ecological environments, the pinellia ternate in the Jiang Han plain area has the seedling emergence and seedling pouring for 2 times per year, but the specific initial and continuous time are greatly different in different environments. Weak light or strong light is unfavorable for the growth of pinellia ternate. The pinellia tuber is cultivated in a shading way, so that the chlorophyll content of the leaf blades and the content of the components of the leaf blades are improved, and the utilization of weak light by the pinellia tuber is facilitated. The pinellia tuber under the shading condition of 70% of the shading net avoids 'photosynthetic noon break', delays the occurrence time of the maximum photosynthetic rate of the pinellia tuber, can promote the growth of leaves, increases the leaf area, improves the chlorophyll content and promotes the rapid expansion of underground tubers, thereby achieving the effect of increasing yield.
Jiang Han plain areas are mainly located in Hubei province, belong to subtropical season wind moist climates, have sufficient light energy and heat, have long frost-free period, abundant rainfall and the same rainy and hot seasons; the total solar radiation amount is 100 kcal/square centimeter, and the sunshine hours are 1800 hours; the average annual temperature is 16 ℃, the winter is cold and the summer is hot, the spring temperature is changeable, and the autumn temperature is rapidly reduced. The average temperature of 7 months is 27-29 ℃, and the extreme highest temperature can reach more than 40 ℃.
The Yangtze river sand region and the Han water basin are areas of sand pear dominant industry in China, and are the most important production areas of early-maturing pears in China. The area belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, has sufficient illumination, abundant heat, precipitation of more than 1500mm and no frost period of 200-270 days. The region is suitable for planting Chinese pear, the Chinese pear adopts traditional standing tree type cultivation, the tree shape is of a sparse layering shape, a small canopy sparse layering shape, a free spindle shape and the like, the leaf area coefficient is high, and the canopy is closed. The Chinese pear has large growth amount and high field biological yield, but the quality of fruits is not good and the market competitiveness is not strong because the temperature difference between rain and heat in the region and day and night is small. In order to solve the problems of field wind and light impermeability, plant diseases and insect pests breeding, low yield and the like in the production of the Chinese pears in the plain areas of the river and the Chinese, the tree body modification (Hu Yongyu and the like; zhao Deying and the like in 2003), the canopy frame modification (ZL 202010699731.5) and the like are mainly carried out in the production, but the main branch quantity, branch orders, intermediate cutting, funnel type flat canopy frame modification aiming at special varieties and the like are only carried out, such as low yield, poor quality, and the like aiming at specific varieties, which are not suitable for main cultivation varieties of the Chinese pears, green crown, yellow flower, xiannan and the like, and the defects are obvious.
Pinellia tuber belongs to a shade-loving plant, and undergoes 'two-life and two-death' in the growth period of pinellia tuber in the plain region of Jianghan. Under the environment of high temperature and strong light, the pinellia tuber has strong respiration, and the material consumption exceeds photosynthesis accumulation, so that the structure of cell protoplasm is destroyed, the overground part is withered and fallen, the growth period of the pinellia tuber is shortened, and the yield of the pinellia tuber is seriously influenced. In order to solve the shading problem of pinellia ternate, the pinellia ternate and crops (corns) (Liu Ju and the like in 2020), the pinellia ternate and economic forests (cypress) (Feng Dalan and the like in 2016) and the like are interplanted, so that the planting economic benefit is low, and the defects of low yield, poor quality and the like of the pinellia ternate are obvious.
Study and analysis of three-dimensional planting technology of pear tree and medicinal materials in river hometown area (2019, zhao, etc.), in a pear tree-pinellia tuber composite system, intercropped pinellia tuber cannot cause pear yield reduction, and when the line spacing of the pinellia tuber is 3cm multiplied by 15cm, the yield is 563.2kg/hm at maximum 2 The harvest index is up to 4.6 and the commodity index is up to 57%. In the pear tree-wind-proof composite system, when the row spacing is 40cm, the wind-proof yield is 21.8 kg/hm at maximum 2 The harvest index is 9.3 at maximum and the commodity index is 100% at maximum. However, the cultivation mode in the method is not suitable for the ecological climate condition of the plain of Hubei Jiang Han, and has poor effect in practical production.
A method for interplanting loquat and pinellia tuber (Zhang Chen, CN 201610164255.0) adopts a planting mode of planting loquat in a large row spacing and interplanting pinellia tuber between rows, and reasonably manages the planted loquat and the pinellia tuber. The invention selects the best planting land and the most suitable organic fertilizer, does not use any pesticide or hormone, ensures that the loquat can grow healthier and greener, and the harvested pinellia does not contain any additive. However, the method still cannot solve the problem of three-dimensional planting of pear trees and pinellia ternate in the plain region of Jianghan.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows: on the premise of the existing pear and pinellia cultivation modes, although the pear and pinellia cultivation modes have a plurality of advantages (figure 1), the pear and pinellia cultivation modes are expressed as 'two complementary and two inter-use', the first is the most suitable cultivation ecological condition, the second is the complementary, and the first is the most suitable economic crop to be cultivated in the plain region of Jiang Han; natural illumination conditions are mutually complemented, the pinellia tuber needs to be shaded, and a certain gap exists in pear field cultivation. Secondly, harvesting pinellia ternate and applying the base fertilizer of the Chinese pear to mutually utilize, wherein the harvesting of the pinellia ternate is in autumn, the base fertilizer is applied to the pear in autumn, and the pinellia ternate is harvested while soil is ploughed, so that the cultivation and the mutual utilization of the land are realized; the prevention and control of the diseases and the weeds are mutually utilized, and the prevention and control of the diseases and the weeds in the growth period of the pear tree can be completely realized.
However, the traditional Chinese pear is cultivated by standing tree, the area coefficient of the field leaves is large, the shading condition required by the pinellia ternate can be provided, and the illumination of the lower part of the canopy is extremely weak; the opening in the middle of the tree row is large, the illumination is extremely strong, and both conditions influence the yield and quality of pinellia ternate. If only the number of main branches is reduced, the branch level is reduced, and even the intermediate cut is performed, the moderate shading of the pinellia ternate is difficult to realize, so that the high yield of the pinellia ternate in the field is realized.
If sunshade net is used only for shading the pinellia tuber, the cost of production materials such as sunshade net, the cost of labor and the cost of land are increased, and the three-dimensional ecological utilization of land cannot be realized.
The traditional Chinese pear tree is mainly simplified in modification of improving quality and field yield, and the modification principle is that tree bodies are changed from high, large and round crowns to short, small and flat, backbone branch layers are changed from a multi-element structure to a binary or unitary structure, branch levels are changed from small to small, crown width is narrowed from wide, and leaf curtains are thinned from thick. The method is characterized in that the tree is allowed to be transformed, trimmed along with branches, and carried out in batches, and the main tree shape after transformation is a simplified tree shape such as a small crown sparse layer shape, an open heart shape and the like. The tree height is controlled below 3.5m and the central trunk height is controlled to be 3.0m through adjustment for 2-3 years; the central trunk is fallen with about 5-6 main branches, which are not layered or layered, and the distance between the upper and lower main branches is not less than 80cm; the opening angle of the main branches is 70-80 degrees, and each main branch is provided with 1-2 side branches; the fruiting branch groups inside and outside the canopy and up and down are evenly distributed, the branches are more but not extruded, the branches fall on each other to grow, and the canopy is plump and compact.
The traditional vertical tree type pear trees with the evacuation layering shape and the like are transformed into the multi-main-branch flat shed frame through the measures of 'lifting trunk, opening heart, cultivating main branches', and the like. The height of the trunk is increased to 60 cm-80 cm, and the central trunk is removed. The original backbone branches are reserved to the greatest extent by the backbone branch transformation, the transformation time of the multi-main branch canopy frame is shortened, and the recovery of the tree crown is quickened. The reserved diaphysis branches are adjusted to be vertical to the extending direction, the basal angle is reduced, the angles of the waist angle and the tip angle are increased, and the diaphysis branches are prevented from deviating from the frame surface too much. And sawing off backbone branches below the canopy surface and with the middle branch section 50cm or more from the canopy surface from the base, updating in situ, retaining piles, promoting strong branches with small extraction and growth angles, and re-culturing the backbone branches extending close to the canopy surface. The part of the reserved backbone branch, which is higher than the frame surface, is pulled to be close to the frame surface, the front end of the too thick and too hard backbone branch is retracted to the position, which is 30cm away from the frame surface, below the frame surface, and the germinated branch replaces the original backbone branch extension branch and is close to the frame surface for extension.
The difficulty of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: (1) Under the condition that the traditional Chinese pear standing tree type cultivation such as tree form is in an evacuating and layering type, the tree body structure is complex, branch orders are more, the leaf area index is large, and how to reform the Chinese pear tree form in the plain region of the river and the Chinese, the high yield and the high quality are realized through the space reasonable layout of branches, leaves and fruits; how to simplify the frame-type cultivation mode by high light efficiency in a newly built pear garden to realize early fruiting, high yield and high quality; (2) The method has the advantages that warm and wet preference, drought fear, strong light aversion and high temperature aversion are realized, and how to create an ecological environment of semi-yin and semi-yang in summer, so that high yield and high quality of pinellia ternate are realized, namely 'photosynthetic noon break' and seedling pouring time of the pinellia ternate are avoided, the time of maximum photosynthetic rate of the pinellia ternate is delayed, meanwhile, leaf growth can be promoted, leaf area is increased, chlorophyll content is increased, rapid expansion of underground tubers is promoted, and a yield increasing effect is achieved; (3) Interplanting of the vertical wood type cultivated crops (corns) and the economic forests (cypress) with pinellia ternate can only shield scattered sunlight, cannot shield direct sunlight in noon, and cannot reduce the ground temperature in summer; (4) How to create a three-dimensional ecological mode, not only can the quality improvement and income increase of the Chinese pear in the step (1) be realized, but also the high yield and high quality of the pinellia tuber in the step (2) be realized, namely, the tree body transformation of the pear tree, the reasonable layout of the space of branches, leaves and fruits, the efficient simplified cultivation of the pinellia tuber, the reasonable utilization of the light energy of two crops, the efficient three-dimensional cultivation of the pear and the pinellia tuber, the efficient production of the pear and the pinellia tuber with high yield and high quality are completed, the land resource is reasonably utilized, and the cost is saved and the efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof, and an aged pear garden is transformed by an integrated U-shaped frame, a new pear garden is created, a plurality of main branches and a flat shed frame are created, so that the improvement of the biological yield and quality of the pear field is realized, the application of natural light energy is regulated, the high yield and quality of the pinellia ternate planted under the frame are realized, and the purpose of solving a part of problems in the prior art or at least relieving a part of problems in the prior art is realized.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Newly building or reforming a pear garden and sowing pinellia ternate;
the pear garden creation includes: a new pear garden is built in a Jiang Han plain area, the pear tree variety is selected from No. 2, green crown or green jade, the planting row spacing is 4m multiplied by 4m, and square planting is performed; selecting strong seedlings with the thickness of more than 1.0cm for field planting, and finishing the field planting from the leaf falling to the last 2 months of the next year; after the seedlings are planted in a fixed mode, full buds are reserved at 1.0m, 4-6 buds are reserved except for first buds at a cutting opening, buds are carved above buds by using a hacksaw blade, gibberellin paste is smeared so as to send out 4 long new shoots, 2 long new shoots are perpendicular to the row direction, 2 straight shoots are forward, and 4 main shoots cultivated into a flat shed frame are cultivated;
Immediately building a frame-type auxiliary facility after planting the seedlings, wherein the auxiliary facility comprises support columns and a net surface; the support columns are divided into corner columns, side columns and support columns, the length is 2.5m, the support columns are vertically buried on the ground, and the depth is 50 cm-60 cm; corner posts are buried into four corners of the field; the side posts are buried on 4 sides of the field, and the spacing is 5.0m; the support posts are buried in the field; when in burying, the embedded type optical fiber array is vertical to the side columns in the north-south direction and the east-west direction, and the distance is 10m multiplied by 10m; the net surface is erected on a support column of the shed frame and is parallel to the ground, and the height of the net surface is 175 cm-185 cm from the ground, and the net surface consists of a main line, branch lines and sub-lines; the main line is connected with 4 side corner columns and side columns; the branch lines are respectively connected with the side columns and the support columns in the north-south direction and the east-west direction; the sub-lines are connected with the main line and the branch line to form a square grid of 50cm multiplied by 50 cm;
the pear garden transformation comprises: the existing pear garden cultivated by standing tree is transformed into an integrated inverted U-shaped frame type cultivation mode; during winter pruning, the skeletons of the tree bodies such as the standing tree type evacuation layering shape, the small crown evacuation layering shape and the like are modified: 2 main branches perpendicular to the row direction are selected and reserved on the trunk 40 cm-60 cm away from the ground; removing the remaining main branches except 2 main branches selected and remained on the central trunk in the first year, and only retaining the results of the medium and small bearing branch groups on the central trunk; removing the central trunk above the selected main branches in the next year; 2 main branches in vertical direction are selected and reserved, 2-3 side branches are reserved for each main branch, and a single-shaft fruit branch group in comb-tooth arrangement is cultivated on the main branch and the side branches; the extension branch of the main branch extends outwards along the inverted U-shaped frame type facility until being connected with the main branch which is opposite to the main branch, and is connected into a whole through leaning;
The rack type facility for supporting the transformation of the pear garden tree body comprises a steel pipe, a steel wire and a ground anchor; one end of each steel pipe is buried on a 50cm ground anchor along the row direction of the pear tree, the other end of each steel pipe is buried on the opposite ground anchor along the row direction of the pear tree, the span is 4.0m, the height is 2.5m, the steel pipes are semicircular, namely, the steel pipes are integrated, the adjacent steel pipes are firmly connected at the position close to the ground, and 1 steel pipe is buried every 5 m; 2 steel pipes are fixed at the position 1.0m and the position 2.5m away from the ground, namely the top of the inverted U-shaped frame type, and are parallel to the pear tree line direction by using fasteners, so that the firmness of the frame type is enhanced; 2 paths of steel wires for the row direction are respectively pulled parallel to the ground at the positions 1.5m and 2.0m away from the ground for fixing the bound fruiting branch groups;
the pinellia ternate sowing comprises the following steps: in the last ten days of 2 months of the current year of pear tree planting or transformation, ditching furrows with the width and depth of 20cm in the middle of a pear tree row belt, and arranging pinellia ternate sowing ridge surfaces with the width of 1.2-1.4m at two sides of the furrows. Digging sowing furrows with the depth of 8.0cm on the ridge surface, covering soil with 5.0cm after sowing half summer seed stems, wherein the seed consumption per mu is about 125-150kg, and the distance of the sowing furrows is 20cm;
(2) A pinellia ternate annual cycle management mode;
the ridge surface is compacted after the pinellia ternate is sown and covered with soil, and the selective pre-emergence herbicide metolachlor or pendimethalin is sprayed 8-10 days before emergence of seedlings to prevent and remove weeds in the field; after the pinellia ternate emerges in the middle and upper 3 months, covering the ridge surface with rice straw with the thickness of 8.0cm-10.0cm, preserving soil moisture and preventing the pinellia ternate from falling down; when the pinellia tuber is bolting and flowering in the beginning of 5 months, the budding bud is removed in time in batches in stages so as to reduce nutrition consumption and promote tuber expansion;
(3) A pear tree stand type cultivation and shaping mode;
the newly built pear garden is 4 main branch flat shed frame cultivation modes: the number of main branches is 4, the azimuth angle is 90 degrees, and the distance from the main branches to the frame surface is about 1.0m; wherein 2 main branches are forward and backward, the vertical included angle between the 2 main branches and the trunk is 45 degrees, the main branches are put on the 1.0m vertical frame surface of the trunk, 4 main branches form a square-like bucket shape, the main branch extension branches and the single-shaft branch groups are horizontally distributed on the frame surface, the extension heads of the main branches form an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the horizontal line, and the single-shaft branch groups are leveled on the frame surface; the main branches are not provided with sub-main branches and side branches, single-shaft branch groups are directly planted, the spacing between one side is 30 cm-40 cm, and the spacing between two sides is 15cm-20cm, and the main branches are mutually staggered; the main branches under the frame can be planted with small fruiting branch groups, and the main branches are not planted with the fruiting branch groups;
after the existing pear tree is transformed in a shelf mode, the extension branches of 2 main branches extend along the reverse U-shaped shelf surface to be connected with the extension heads of the adjacent main branches, and the extension heads are connected into a whole by a leaning method; cutting off the middle part of an annual extension branch of a main branch before and after the spring, cutting off a truncated notch, beveling a cutter at an inclined angle of 45 degrees at a distance of about 1.0cm from the notch on one side facing upwards in the horizontal direction, beveling a cutter at an inclined angle of 45 degrees at a distance of about 1.5cm from the notch on one side facing downwards in the back, and converging the cutter with the first cutter to form a wedge shape; cutting an annual extension branch of the other main branch at the junction of the annual extension branch and the main branch which is cut into a wedge shape, cutting a frustum, chamfering a cutter at the position of 1/4-1/3 of the section at an inclined angle of 45 degrees, chamfering a cutter downwards at the position of 1/4-1/3 of the frustum, connecting the cutter edge of the first cutter for about 1.0cm, and removing the resected stock to form 1 wedge opening of 45 degrees; then the wedge-shaped part is butted with the wedge-shaped opening to form a layer on one side, the long cutting surface of the wedge-shaped extension branch exposes a little cortex, the inner cling is realized, the sides are aligned, the leather is exposed, and then the plastic film is used for binding tightly rapidly; selecting a polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.01mm, shearing the polyethylene film into strips with the width of 1.5cm and the length of 30 cm-40 cm, and flatly binding a notch and a white exposed part from bottom to top by using a single-layer film; the whole main branches are connected into a whole body through extension branches after transformation, so that a hedge perpendicular to the row direction is formed, namely, the whole body is in an inverted U shape, the nutrition of the tree body is distributed uniformly, and the production of high-quality fruits is facilitated; the single-shaft branch groups are arranged at two sides of the main branch and the side branch, the spacing of one side is 30 cm-40 cm, the single-shaft branch groups are comb-tooth-shaped, the spacing of two sides is 15cm-20cm, the single-shaft branch groups are staggered with each other, and the single-shaft branch groups are bound on the n-shaped frame surface;
(4) Harvesting pears and pinellia ternate;
(5) Preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests.
Further, in the step (4), the pear fruits in the plain area of Jiang Han are ripe in 7 months, and are picked and marketed, and the first seedling stage of pinellia ternate is convenient for the pear fruit field harvesting operation; at the end of 7 months and 8 months, pear fruits are harvested, and the pinellia ternate starts to emerge for the second time, so that treading of harvesting operation is avoided;
the harvesting period of pinellia ternate in Jiang Han plain is positioned before and after winter, and the period is the period when the pear tree is applied with base fertilizer in autumn; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2500 kg-3500 kg, the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 150 kg-250 kg, the organic fertilizer is uniformly mixed and then spread on the ridge surface planted by pinellia ternate and the tree disk of pear tree, and then ploughed; after the base fertilizer is applied to pear trees in autumn and ploughed, the pinellia ternate is simultaneously harvested, the pear trees are picked up and sold, the longitudinal diameter of the pear trees is more than 0.6cm, the pear trees are left in soil and are not picked up as seed stems, and the pear trees are continuously cultivated and grown for sale.
Further, in the step (5), the pears and the pinellia ternate in the Jiang Han plain area are subjected to pest control, the pears are mainly used for 3 times, and the pinellia ternate does not need to be sprayed with the drug alone to control the pest;
the first spraying is Xie Huaqi, namely 80% of pear flower, the bactericide and the insecticide are mixed for 1 time in the whole garden, the bactericide is 500 times of 15% triazolone wettable powder and 80% metaplasia M-45 wettable powder, or 800 times of 70% mancozeb or propineb wettable powder, or 600 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 1000 times of insecticide is 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent, 4000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 2000 times of 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate, or 4000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate;
The second spraying is the pear fruit swelling period, namely spraying 1 pesticide and bactericide in the middle and upper 5 months, wherein the bactericide is 4000 times of 37% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 43% tebuconazole suspending agent 3000 times, 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, or 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times, and the pesticide is 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent 4000 times, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 4000 times, or 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times, or 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times;
the third spraying is that after fruits are harvested, 1 pesticide and bactericide are sprayed on the whole field in the middle ten days of 8 months, wherein the bactericide is 4000 times of 37% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 43% tebuconazole suspending agent 3000 times, 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times, and the pesticide is 20% fenpropathrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times, or 2.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times, or 2.5% high-efficiency cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times.
Further, in the step (1), seed half summer seed stems are soaked with 10% biogas slurry supernatant for 3 hours before sowing the pinellia ternate.
Further, in the step (1), a 70% black 4-needle sunshade net is paved on the grid frame surface of the newly-built pear garden in the middle of the last 4 months of the current year, the width is 3.0m, and the black 4-needle sunshade net is paved on the frame surface in the middle of the pear tree row belt.
Further, in the step (2), the seedling pouring is completed in the 7-month upper ten days of the pinellia tuber in the Jiang Han plain area; spraying quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate on the ridge surfaces after seedling pouring to prevent and treat field weeds; the pinellia ternate grows out for the second time in the last 8 months, and the buds are removed in time when the bolting and flowering are carried out in the beginning of 10 months;
sowing pinellia ternate for 1 time, harvesting for many times in many years, and applying 5% naphthalene anhydride quaternary ammonium salt aqua 800 times of liquid on the surface when bolting and flowering are carried out in the beginning of 5 months and the beginning of 10 months in the growing period, so as to promote the accelerating expansion of tubers.
Further, the whole garden is provided with an anti-bird net, which comprises upright posts, an erecting net surface and the anti-bird net; the upright posts exceed the height of the tree by 1.0m, 1 upright post is arranged every 8.0 m-12.0 m, steel wires are adopted, each row of upright posts is pulled by 1 passage, crisscross is fixed on the upper part of each upright post, and a net surface is paved and erected.
The invention also provides application of the three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for the pear trees and the pinellia tuber in mixed planting of the pear trees and the pinellia tuber.
In summary, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) After the technical measures of the invention are comprehensively applied, the average net photosynthetic rate of the pinellia tuber leaves of the multi-main branch trellis pear and pinellia tuber ecological mode and the integrated U-shaped trellis type modified pear and pinellia tuber ecological mode are respectively 7.06 umol.m -2 ·s -1 、7.04umol·m -2 ·s -1 Average 7.05 umol.m -2 ·s -1 The net photosynthetic rate of the leaf of the pinellia tuber under natural illumination is 8.96 percent higher than that of the leaf of the pinellia tuber under natural illumination, and the net photosynthetic rate of the leaf of the traditional littleleaf pear+pinellia tuber mode is 3.99 percent higher than that of the leaf of the traditional littleleaf pear+pinellia tuber mode. And the net photosynthetic rate daily change curve of the pinellia tuber leaf is unimodal, the net photosynthetic rate of the pinellia tuber leaf is increased from 8:00 to 12:00, the highest peak appears, and then the photosynthesis rate gradually decreases with the passage of time.
(2) In the integrated inverted U-shaped frame type modified pear+pinellia tuber ecological mode, the quality of single fruit of the No. 2 jaw pear is 247g, which is improved by 32.79 percent compared with the traditional vertical pear+pinellia tuber production mode; the content of the soluble solid in the pulp is 12.6 percent, which is improved by 12.50 percent compared with the traditional production mode of the standing tree type pears and the pinellia ternate; the titratable acid content of the pulp is 0.15 percent, which is reduced by 11.76 percent compared with the traditional production mode of the standing tree type pears and pinellia ternate; the content of soluble sugar in pulp is 7.46%, which is improved by 25.17% compared with the traditional mode of producing the Limu pear and pinellia ternate.
(3) The commodity rate, the drying rate, the total alkaloid content and the harvest index of the pinellia tuber in the mode of the invention are higher than those of the traditional vertical pear+pinellia tuber and the pinellia tuber under the natural illumination condition. The commodity rate of the pinellia ternate produced by the method is 79.15 percent on average, which is 17.61 percent and 33.69 percent higher than that of the traditional standing tree type pear+pinellia ternate mode and natural illumination condition respectively; the total alkaloid content is 0.047% on average, which is 27.03% and 56.67% higher than the traditional mode of standing tree type pear and pinellia ternate respectively; the harvest index is 7.19 on average, which is 4.66% and 37.48% higher than the traditional mode of standing tree type pear and pinellia ternate and natural illumination condition.
(4) In the invention, after seed soaking treatment is carried out on pinellia ternate seed stems by 10% biogas slurry supernatant for 3 hours, the germination vigor is improved by 25.20% compared with that of clear water treatment, the germination rate is improved by 22.00%, and the emergence rate is improved by 8.40%.
(5) After the sunshade net is paved in the newly built trellis pear garden, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents are respectively 33.33%, 13.33% and 28.57% higher than those of the sunshade net paved on the pinellia tuber leaves; the net photosynthetic rate of the leaf is improved by 28.52% compared with the treatment without shading, which is beneficial to improving the field biological yield of the pinellia ternate.
(6) After the invention is comprehensively applied, obvious economic benefit is created. Under the condition of shelf cultivation, the quality of single fruit of the No. 2 pear is increased, wherein the proportion of the fruits which are more than or equal to 250g is 76.4 percent, which is 29.70 percent higher than that of the No. 2 pear produced by the traditional standing tree. The acre yield of pears and pinellia ternate reaches 2.85 ten thousand yuan, which is 2.71 times of the acre yield of the mode of only producing pears by traditional standing trees.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a conventional standing tree cultivation prior to modification of an adult pear garden, pear+pinellia planting mode;
FIG. 2 shows a pear+pinellia planting mode after the inverted U-shaped frame of the adult pear garden is modified;
FIG. 3 is a flat trellis cultivation of a newly built young pear garden, pear+pinellia planting mode;
FIG. 4 is a flat trellis cultivation of a newly built age pear garden, pear+pinellia planting pattern;
FIG. 5 shows the effect of biogas slurry soaking seed stems of the seed half summer;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the net photosynthetic rate daily variation of different modes of pinellia ternate leaf.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. The specific embodiments described herein are to be considered in an illustrative sense only and are not intended to limit the application.
Various modifications to the precise description of the application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the information contained herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the appended claims. It is to be understood that the scope of the application is not limited to the defined processes, properties or components, as these embodiments, as well as other descriptions, are merely illustrative of specific aspects of the application. Indeed, various modifications of the embodiments of the application which are obvious to those skilled in the art or related fields are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.
For a better understanding of the present application, and not to limit its scope, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages, and other values used in the present application are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated otherwise, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. Each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. In the present application, "about" means within 10%, preferably within 5% of a given value or range.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof. Specifically, (1) provides a simplified integrated inverted U-shaped frame type cultivation mode, which is used for transforming the traditional standing tree type Chinese pear tree shape, such as a sparse layering shape, a small crown sparse layering shape and the like, reducing branch orders, reducing growth quantity, maintaining reasonable field yield and realizing reasonable balance of biological yield and field economic yield; (2) The novel pear garden is built, and the traditional pear tree garden building and shaping pruning cultivation modes are changed through the efficient and simplified multi-main-branch flat shed frame type, so that the early-fruit high-yield and high-quality pears are realized; (3) Under the ecological cultivation mode of pear and pinellia ternate, through innovation and mutual fusion of the cultivation modes of pear and pinellia ternate, effective utilization of light energy and comprehensive utilization of land are completed, natural resources and land resources are saved, quality is improved, and efficiency is improved; (4) By the comprehensive application of the invention, the balance of nutrient growth and reproductive growth of the pears and the pinellia ternate is realized, the yield and quality of the pears and the pinellia ternate are obviously improved, and the economic benefit under the three-dimensional planting mode is improved.
The invention does not adopt the conventional technical measures of reducing branches, regulating side branches, controlling crown width, falling head and opening heart of the traditional pear tree, shading, intercropping, laminating and the like of the pinellia tuber, improves the field yield and quality of the pear tree and the pinellia tuber, takes the concept of 'saving resources and protecting environment', balances the relation between the nutrition growth and the reproduction growth of the pear tree, tree vigor and light energy through the regulation of tree shape, tree vigor and light energy, and improves the yield, quality and economic benefit of the pear tree and the pinellia tuber.
The technical scheme of the invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in connection with the embodiments of the invention.
Example 1 novel pear+pinellia Ternate stereoscopic cultivation mode for Multi-Main-branch flat-shed pear orchard
The main cultivar of example 1 is the No. 2 pear, the pollinated cultivar is the emerald, the planting row spacing is 4m×4m, and square planting is performed. Selecting strong seedlings with the thickness of more than 1.0cm (the diameter of the position 20cm away from the ground), and finishing the field planting from the leaf falling to the last ten days of 2 months of the next year. After the seedlings are planted in a fixed mode, full buds are reserved at 1.0m, 4-6 buds are reserved except for first buds at a cutting opening, buds are carved above buds by using a hacksaw blade, gibberellin paste is smeared so as to send out 4 long new shoots, 2 long new shoots are perpendicular to the row direction, 2 straight shoots are forward, and 4 main shoots cultivated into a flat shed frame are cultivated; if the branches are absent, buds (branches) are cut continuously in spring of the next year for culture, and finally, 4 main branch flat shed frames are formed.
The auxiliary frame facility is built immediately after the seedling is planted, and is mainly formed by combining support columns and net surfaces. The support columns are divided into corner columns, side columns and support columns, cement columns are used for materials, the length of the cement columns is 2.5m, the cement columns are vertically buried in the ground, and the depth of the cement columns is 50 cm-60 cm. The corner posts are buried in four corners of the field, and the cross section area of the cement posts is more than 12cm multiplied by 12cm. The side posts are buried on 4 sides of the field, the spacing is 5.0m, and the sectional area of the side posts is 10cm multiplied by 12cm. The support posts are buried in the field, and the cross section area is 8cm multiplied by 10cm; when buried, the embedded type solar cell is perpendicular to the side columns in the north-south direction and the east-west direction, and the distance is 10m multiplied by 10m. The net surface is erected on the support column of the shed frame and is parallel to the ground, and the height of the net surface is 175 cm-185 cm from the ground, and the net surface consists of a main line, branch lines and sub-lines. The main line is connected with 4 side corner columns and side columns, and galvanized steel stranded wires with phi of 12mm are used; the branch lines are respectively connected with side columns and supporting columns in the north-south and east-west directions, and galvanized steel stranded wires with the diameter of 10mm are used; the sub-wires connect the main wire and the branch wire, and a 50cm×50cm square grid is formed by using No. 8 or No. 10 galvanized iron wires (figure 3).
The newly built pear garden is in a 4-main-branch flat-shed cultivation mode. The main branches are 4, the azimuth angle is 90 degrees, and the distance from the main branches to the frame surface is about 1.0m. Wherein 2 main branches are forward and backward, the vertical included angle between the 2 main branches and the trunk is 45 degrees, the main branches are all put on the 1.0m vertical frame surface of the trunk, 4 main branches form a square-like bucket shape, the main branch extension branches and the single-shaft branch groups are horizontally distributed on the frame surface, the extension heads of the main branches form an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the horizontal line, and the single-shaft branch groups are not leveled on the frame surface. The main branches are not provided with sub-main branches and side branches, the single-shaft branch groups are directly planted, the spacing between one side is 30 cm-40 cm, and the spacing between two sides is 15cm-20cm, and the two sides are mutually staggered. The main branches under the frame can be planted with small fruiting branch groups, and the main branches are not planted with branch groups (figure 4).
The whole garden is provided with the bird preventing net, and the bird preventing net consists of upright posts, a net surface and the bird preventing net. The height of the upright posts exceeds 1.0m of the tree, 1 upright post is set up every 8.0 m-12.0 m, and the upright posts are directly tied with wood rods by hot dip galvanized steel pipes with the diameter of 5.0 cm. And (3) drawing 1 column per row by adopting 8# galvanized steel wires, crisscrossing, fixing the steel wires on the upper part of each column, and paving and erecting a net surface. The mesh of the bird preventing net is 3.0 cm-3.5 cm multiplied by 3.0 cm-3.5 cm, the wire diameter is 0.25mm, and the whole pear garden is covered.
The pinellia ternate is sown before and after the spring of the current year (2 months and ten days) of pear tree planting, the variety of the pinellia ternate selects the optimal lines of fine varieties such as Jiang Han plain cultivated Jing pinellia ternate, submerged pinellia ternate and the like, the operations of the seedling pouring period and the seedling emergence period are staggered with the pear fruit maturity period, and 10% biogas slurry (the conventional biogas slurry can be used, such as supernatant after mixed fermentation and filtration of pig manure) is used for soaking seed stems of half summer seeds for 3 hours before sowing.
As analyzed by FIG. 5, after seed soaking treatment of pinellia ternate seed stems with 10% biogas slurry supernatant for 3 hours, the germination potential (number of tubers germinated in 10 days/total number of tubers) was 51.60%, which is 25.20% higher than that of clear water treatment; the germination rate (number of germinated tubers/total number of tubers) is 92.40 percent, which is improved by 22.00 percent compared with the germination rate of the fresh water treatment; the emergence rate is 100%, which is 8.40% higher than that of the water treatment.
Ditching furrows with the width and the depth of 20cm in the middle of the pear tree row belt, and arranging pinellia ternate sowing ridge surfaces with the width of 1.4m at two sides of the furrows. Sowing furrows with the depth of 8.0cm are formed on the ridge surface, 5.0cm of soil is covered after half summer seed stems are sowed, the seed consumption per mu is 150kg, and the distance of the sowing furrows is 20cm. In the middle ten days of the current year 4 months of the newly-built pear garden, as the branches and leaves of the pear are few (the shading effect is poor), 70% black 4-needle sunshade net is paved on the grid frame surface of the newly-built pear garden, and the width is 3.0m and the black 4-needle sunshade net is paved on the frame surface in the middle of the pear tree row belt.
Analysis is carried out by table 1, 70% black 4-needle sunshade net is paved on the grid frame surface of a newly built pear garden in the current year by pear seedling field planting, the width is 3.0m, and the effect of improving the photosynthesis efficiency of pinellia ternate leaves is remarkable. After the sun-shading net is paved on the pinellia tuber leaves, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid are respectively 33.33%, 13.33% and 28.57% higher than those of the non-shading net; the net photosynthetic rate of leaf blades was 28.52% higher than that of the non-shading treatment.
TABLE 1 influence of shade on half Xia Shepian chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate
Treatment of Chlorophyll a (mg/g) Chlorophyll b (mg/g) Carrot (mg/g) Net photosynthetic rate (umol.m) -2 ·s -1 )
Laying sunshade net 1.52 0.51 0.36 9.78
Not processing 1.14 0.45 0.28 7.61
Pinellia tuber is warm and wet-loving, hard light and high temperature-aversion, the ridge surface is trampled after sowing and earthing, and the selective pre-emergence herbicide metolachlor or pendimethalin is sprayed 8-10 days before emergence to prevent and remove weeds in the field. After the pinellia ternate emerges in the middle and upper 3 months, rice straws with the thickness of 8.0cm-10.0cm are covered on the ridge surface, so that soil moisture is preserved and the pinellia ternate is prevented from falling down. When the pinellia tuber is bolting and flowering in the beginning of 5 months, the budding bud is removed in time in batches in stages so as to reduce nutrition consumption and promote tuber expansion; under the condition of the invention in the area of Jiang Han plain, the seedling pouring is completed in 7 ten days of the pinellia tuber. After seedling pouring, quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed on the ridge surface to prevent and treat field weeds. The pinellia tuber grows out for the second time in the last 8 months, and the bud should be removed in time when the bolting and flowering are carried out in the beginning of 10 months. Sowing pinellia ternate for 1 time, harvesting for many times in many years, and applying 5% naphthalene anhydride quaternary ammonium salt aqua 800 times of liquid to leaf surfaces when bolting and flowering are carried out in the beginning of 5 months and the beginning of 10 months in the growing period, so that accelerating expansion of tubers is promoted.
Example 2 planting mode of pear+pinellia ternate after inverted U-shaped frame transformation of existing pear garden
The row spacing of the planting rows of this example was 4.5m×3.0m. The pear garden cultivated by the existing standing tree is transformed into an integrated inverted U-shaped frame type cultivation mode, and pinellia ternate is planted between rows. When pruning in winter, the skeletons of the tree bodies such as the standing tree type evacuation layering shape, the small crown evacuation layering shape and the like are modified. And selecting and reserving 2 main branches perpendicular to the row direction on the trunk 40 cm-60 cm away from the ground. Removing the remaining main branches except 2 main branches selected and remained on the central trunk in the first year, and only retaining the results of the medium and small bearing branch groups on the central trunk; the central trunk is removed in the next year above the selected main branches. 2 main branches in vertical direction are selected and reserved, 2-3 side branches are reserved for each main branch, and a single-shaft fruit branch group in comb-tooth arrangement is cultivated on the main branch and the side branches. The extension branch of the main branch extends outwards along the inverted U-shaped frame type facility until being connected with the main branch of the opposite row, and is connected into a whole through leaning.
The frame-type facility for supporting the transformation of the pear garden tree body consists of a steel pipe (or a 6-minute water pipe) with the thickness of 3.0mm and the thickness of 2.6cm, a No. 8 galvanized steel wire, a ground anchor, a fastener and the like. One end of each steel pipe is buried on a 50cm ground anchor along the row direction of the pear tree, the other end of each steel pipe is buried on the opposite ground anchor along the row direction of the pear tree, the span is 4.0m, the height is 2.5m, the steel pipes are approximately semicircular (the invention is called as an integral U-shaped), the adjacent steel pipes are firmly welded at the near ground, and 1 steel pipe is buried every 5 m. 2 steel pipes are fixed with fasteners parallel to the pear tree row direction at a position 1.0m and a position 2.5m away from the ground vertical height ("U-shaped frame top) respectively for enhancing the firmness of the frame (figure 2). And 2 paths of galvanized steel wires No. 8 are respectively pulled parallel to the row direction at the positions 1.5m and 2.0m away from the ground, and are used for fixing the bound fruiting branch groups.
After the existing pear tree is transformed in a shelf mode, the extension branches of the 2 main branches extend along the reverse U-shaped shelf surface to be connected with the extension heads of the adjacent main branches, and the extension heads are connected into a whole by a leaning method. Before and after the spring, the middle part of the annual extension branch of the main branch is cut off, the kerf is truncated, a knife is beveled at an inclined angle of 45 degrees at a distance of about 1.0cm from the kerf on one side facing upwards in the horizontal direction, a knife is beveled at an inclined angle of 45 degrees at a distance of about 1.5cm from the kerf on one side facing downwards in the back, and the knife is intersected with the first knife to form a wedge shape. The annual extension branch of the other main branch is cut at the junction with the main branch which is cut into a wedge shape, the cut is flattened, a cutter is obliquely cut at the position of 1/4-1/3 of the section at an angle of 45 degrees, then the cutter is obliquely cut downwards at the position of 1/4-1/3 of the cut, the length is about 1.0cm, the annual extension branch is connected with the edge of the first cutter, the cut stock is removed, and 1 wedge opening of 45 degrees is formed. Then the 'wedge' and the 'wedge opening' are butted to form a layer on one side, the long cutting surface of the wedge-shaped extension branch exposes a little cortex, the inner cling is realized, the sides are aligned, the leather is exposed, and then the plastic film is used for binding tightly rapidly. A polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.01mm is selected and cut into strips with the width of 1.5cm and the length of 30 cm-40 cm, and the incision and the exposed part are tightly bound from bottom to top by using a single-layer film in a flat way. The whole main branches are connected into a whole body through extension branch leaning after transformation, thus forming a hedge (called an integral U-shaped) vertical to the row direction, the nutrition of the tree body is distributed in a balanced way, and the production of high-quality fruits is facilitated. The single-shaft branch groups are arranged at two sides of the main branch and the side branch, the spacing of one side is 30 cm-40 cm, the single-shaft branch groups are comb-tooth-shaped, the spacing of two sides is 15 cm-20 cm, the single-shaft branch groups are staggered with each other, and the single-shaft branch groups are bound on the reverse U-shaped frame surface.
Digging furrows with the width and depth of 20cm in the middle of a pear row belt in 2 previous days of the current year of pear reconstruction, and finishing pinellia ternate sowing ridge surfaces with the width of 1.2m on two sides of the furrows. Sowing furrows with the depth of 8.0cm are formed on the ridge surface, 5.0cm of soil is covered after sowing half summer seed stems, the seed consumption per mu is about 125kg, and the distance between the sowing furrows is 20cm. Seed half summer seed stems are soaked with 10% biogas slurry supernatant for 3 hours before sowing.
Pinellia tuber is warm and wet-loving, hard light and high temperature-aversion, the ridge surface is trampled after sowing and earthing, and the selective pre-emergence herbicide metolachlor or pendimethalin is sprayed 8-10 days before emergence to prevent and remove weeds in the field. After the pinellia ternate emerges in the middle and upper 3 months, rice straws with the thickness of 8.0cm-10.0cm are covered on the ridge surface, so that soil moisture is preserved and the pinellia ternate is prevented from falling down. When the pinellia tuber is bolting and flowering in the beginning of 5 months, the budding bud is removed in time in batches in stages so as to reduce nutrition consumption and promote tuber expansion; under the condition of the invention in the area of Jiang Han plain, the seedling pouring is completed in 7 ten days of the pinellia tuber. After seedling pouring, quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed on the ridge surface to prevent and treat field weeds. The pinellia tuber grows out for the second time in the last 8 months, and the bud should be removed in time when the bolting and flowering are carried out in the beginning of 10 months. Sowing pinellia ternate for 1 time, harvesting for many times in many years, and applying 5% naphthalene anhydride quaternary ammonium salt aqua 800 times of liquid to leaf surfaces when bolting and flowering are carried out in the beginning of 5 months and the beginning of 10 months in the growing period, so that accelerating expansion of tubers is promoted.
The whole garden is provided with the bird preventing net, and the bird preventing net consists of upright posts, a net surface and the bird preventing net. The height of the upright posts exceeds 1.0m of the tree, 1 upright post is set up every 8.0 m-12.0 m, and the upright posts are directly tied with wood rods by hot dip galvanized steel pipes with the diameter of 5.0 cm. And (3) drawing 1 column per row by adopting 8# galvanized steel wires, crisscrossing, fixing the steel wires on the upper part of each column, and paving and erecting a net surface. The mesh of the bird preventing net is 3.0 cm-3.5 cm multiplied by 3.0 cm-3.5 cm, the wire diameter is 0.25mm, and the whole pear garden is covered.
According to the analysis of FIG. 6, in different cultivation modes, due to the periodical change of illumination intensity in one day, environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and the like change correspondingly, so that the daily change curves of the photosynthesis rate of the pinellia ternate are different. Under natural illumination conditions, the net photosynthetic rate daily changes of different strains of the tuber of larch pinellia are bimodal curves, and obvious photosynthesis 'noon break' exists. The net photosynthetic rate of the leaves was 10 a.m.: 00 and 16:00 pm have two peaks, but the peak in pm is lower than in am. The net photosynthetic rate of pinellia tuber leaves is significantly reduced from 12:00 to 14:00 pm, forming a trough, and there is a significant photosynthetic "noon break". Under the ecological mode of multi-main branch trellis pear+pinellia ternate and integrated inverted U-shaped trellis modified pear+pinellia ternate, the net photosynthetic rate daily variation of pinellia ternate leaves is obviously changed, the daily variation curve is unimodal, the net photosynthetic rate of the pinellia ternate leaves is increased from 8:00 to 12:00 to generate the highest peak, and then the peak gradually falls along with the time.
The average net photosynthetic rate of the pinellia leaves of the multi-main branch canopy frame pear+pinellia ecological mode and the integrated U-shaped frame modified pear+pinellia ecological mode is 7.06 umol.m-2.s-1 and 7.04 umol.m-2.s-1 respectively, the average net photosynthetic rate of the pinellia leaves under natural light is higher than 8.96 percent, and the net photosynthetic rate of the pinellia leaves under natural light is higher than 3.99 percent compared with that of the leaves of the traditional standing tree pear+pinellia ecological mode.
Example 3 comprehensive technical Effect of the industrial application of the present invention
The invention is applied to the land-based cultivation of Shayang county in the plain area of Jiang and Han in Hubei province and new continent area of Wuhan, adopts a multi-main-branch flat-trellis pear+pinellia cultivation mode for the newly built pear garden, and adopts an inverted U-shaped frame type modified pear+pinellia cultivation mode for the existing vertical wood pear garden, thereby improving the product quality of the pear and the pinellia, and having good technical effect and high planting economic benefit.
And Jiang Han, the pear tree is mainly prepared by 3 times of medicine, and the pinellia does not need to be sprayed independently for controlling the plant diseases and insect pests. The first spraying is Xie Huaqi, namely 80% of pear flower is used, and the bactericide and the insecticide are mixed for 1 time in the whole field, so that the pear rust disease, black spot, brown spot, ring spot, anthracnose, cladosporium cucumerinum, aphid, pear gall midge, pear tree bees and other diseases and insect pests are mainly prevented and treated. The bactericide is 500 times of 15% triazolone wettable powder and 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder, or 800 times of 70% mancozeb (or propineb) wettable powder, or 600 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or 1000 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, and the insecticide is 4000 times of 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent, or 4000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 2000 times of 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate, or 4000 times of 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate.
The second spraying is spraying 1 pesticide and bactericide for 5 months in middle and upper days, and is mainly used for preventing and treating black spot, brown spot, anthracnose, ring spot, pear psyllid, aphid, pear gall midge, pear smallness and other diseases and insect pests. Spraying insecticide and bactericide for 1 time, and mainly preventing and treating pear black spot, brown spot, ring spot, anthracnose, pear psyllium, aphid, pear gall midge and other diseases and insect pests. The bactericide is 4000 times of 37% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, or 3000 times of 43% tebuconazole suspending agent, or 1000 times of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate, or 4000 times of 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate, and the bactericide is 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent, or 4000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 2000 times of 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate, or 4000 times of 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate.
The third spraying is to spray 1 pesticide and bactericide for whole field in 8 months after fruit harvesting, and is mainly used for preventing and treating lepidoptera pests such as black spot, brown spot, anthracnose, rot, ring spot, pear net bug, thorn moth and caterpillar. The bactericide is 4000 times of 37% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, or 3000 times of 43% tebuconazole suspending agent, or 1000 times of 25% prochloraz missible oil, or 4000 times of 40% flusilazole missible oil, or 1000 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, and the insecticide is 2000 times of 20% fenpropathrin missible oil, or 3000 times of 2.5% beta-cypermethrin missible oil, or 2000 times of 2.5% beta-cypermethrin missible oil.
In the middle ten days of 7 months, the pear fruits in the Jiang Han plain area begin to ripen, and are picked and marketed, and the first seedling stage of pinellia ternate is convenient for the pear fruit field harvesting operation; and at the beginning of 8 months at the end of 7 months, pear fruits are harvested, and the pinellia ternate starts to emerge for the second time in the period, so that treading of harvesting operation is avoided. According to analysis of Table 2, under the ecological mode of multi-main-branch trellis pears and pinellia ternate, the quality of single fruit of No. 2 of the jaw pears is 251g, which is 34.95% higher than that of the traditional vertical pear and pinellia ternate production mode; the content of the soluble solid in the pulp is 12.6 percent, which is improved by 12.50 percent compared with the traditional production mode of the standing tree type pears and the pinellia ternate; the titratable acid content of the pulp is 0.15 percent, which is reduced by 11.76 percent compared with the traditional production mode of the standing tree type pears and pinellia ternate; the content of soluble sugar in pulp is 7.52%, which is improved by 26.17% compared with the traditional mode of producing the Limu pear and pinellia ternate.
In the integrated inverted U-shaped frame type modified pear+pinellia tuber ecological mode, the quality of single fruit of the No. 2 jaw pear is 247g, which is improved by 32.79 percent compared with the traditional vertical pear+pinellia tuber production mode; the content of the soluble solid in the pulp is 12.6 percent, which is improved by 12.50 percent compared with the traditional production mode of the standing tree type pears and the pinellia ternate; the titratable acid content of the pulp is 0.15 percent, which is reduced by 11.76 percent compared with the traditional production mode of the standing tree type pears and pinellia ternate; the content of soluble sugar in pulp is 7.46%, which is improved by 25.17% compared with the traditional mode of producing the Limu pear and pinellia ternate.
TABLE 2 different modes pear fruit quality/No. 2 Hubei pear
The harvesting period of pinellia ternate in Jiang Han plain is positioned before and after winter, and the period is the period of applying base fertilizer to pear autumn. The fertilizer is mainly composed of commercial organic fertilizer and decomposed farmyard manure. The base fertilizer is total organic fertilizer, inorganic phosphate fertilizer and inorganic potash fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of organic fertilizer is 2500-3500 kg, inorganic fertilizer is 150-250 kg, and the fertilizer is spread on the ridge surface of pinellia tuber and the tree disc of pear tree, and is turned with tractor. After the base fertilizer is applied to pear trees in autumn and ploughed, pinellia ternate is simultaneously harvested, the pear trees are picked up and sold after being picked up and left large (the longitudinal diameter is more than 0.6 cm), and the pear trees are left in soil (the longitudinal diameter is less than 0.6 cm) without picking up seed stems, and the pear trees are sold after being continuously cultivated and grown.
TABLE 3 quality and yield of pinellia ternate in different cultivation modes
Production mode Commodity rate/% Rate of drying/% Total alkaloid content/% Harvest index
Multi-main branch trellis pear+pinellia ternate 79.6 32.5 0.046 7.17
Inverted U-shaped frame type modified pear and pinellia ternate 78.7 31.9 0.048 7.21
Traditional standing tree type pear and pinellia tuber 67.3 30.9 0.037 6.87
Dwarf-dense early-opened pear+pinellia ternate 41.7 16.6 0.024 3.88
Natural lighting conditions 59.2 29.7 0.030 5.23
From the analysis of table 3, the commodity rate, the drying rate, the total alkaloid content and the harvest index of pinellia ternate in the mode of the invention are all higher than those of the traditional Litsea ternate and pinellia ternate under the condition of natural illumination. The commodity rate of the pinellia ternate produced by the method is 79.15 percent on average, which is 17.61 percent and 33.69 percent higher than that of the traditional standing tree type pear+pinellia ternate mode and natural illumination condition respectively; the total alkaloid content is 0.047% on average, which is 27.03% and 56.67% higher than the traditional mode of standing tree type pear and pinellia ternate respectively; the harvest index is 7.19 on average, which is 4.66% and 37.48% higher than the traditional mode of standing tree type pear and pinellia ternate and natural illumination condition. Particularly, in the mode of dwarf-close early-opening pear and pinellia ternate, the pear planting density is high in the mode, the coverage rate of the open crown is as high as more than 95%, the shading rate is high, the quality of the pinellia ternate is seriously reduced, the commodity rate is 41.7%, the average commodity number of the pinellia ternate is 37.45% lower than that of the pinellia ternate, the harvest index is 45.89% lower than that of the pinellia ternate, the internal quality of the pinellia ternate is poor, and the pinellia ternate is not feasible in production.
TABLE 4 economic benefit analysis/ten thousand yuan for different cultivation modes
After the comprehensive application of the technology disclosed by the invention (Table 4), the quality of single fruits of the No. 2 avocado is increased under the shelf-type cultivation condition, wherein the proportion of fruits which are more than or equal to 250g reaches 76.4%, and the quality of the single fruits is 29.70% higher than that of the No. 2 avocado produced by the traditional standing tree. The acre yield of pears and pinellia ternate reaches 2.85 ten thousand yuan, which is 2.71 times of the acre yield of the mode of only producing pears by traditional standing trees.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Newly building or reforming a pear garden and sowing pinellia ternate;
the pear garden creation includes: a new pear garden is built in a Jiang Han plain area, the pear tree variety is selected from No. 2, green crown or green jade, the planting row spacing is 4 m multiplied by 4 m, and square planting is performed; selecting strong seedlings with the thickness of more than 1.0cm for field planting, and finishing the field planting from the leaf falling to the last 2 months of the next year; after the seedlings are planted in a fixed mode, full buds are reserved at 1.0 m, 4-6 buds are reserved except for first buds at a cutting opening, a hacksaw blade is used for carving buds above buds, gibberellin paste is smeared, so that 4 long new shoots are sent out, 2 new shoots are perpendicular to the row direction, 2 main shoots are forward to 2 shoots, and 4 main shoots are cultivated into flat shed frames;
Immediately building a frame-type auxiliary facility after planting the seedlings, wherein the auxiliary facility comprises support columns and a net surface; the support columns are divided into corner columns, side columns and support columns, the length is 2.5 and m, the support columns are vertically buried on the ground, and the depth is 50 cm-60 cm; corner posts are buried into four corners of the field; the side posts are buried on 4 sides of the field, and the spacing is 5.0 m; the support posts are buried in the field; when the embedded type solar cell is buried, the embedded type solar cell is perpendicular to the side columns in the north-south direction and the east-west direction, and the space is 10 m multiplied by 10 m; the net surface is erected on the support columns of the shed frame and is parallel to the ground, and the height 175 cm-185 cm from the ground is composed of a main line, branch lines and sub-lines; the main line is connected with 4 side corner columns and side columns; the branch lines are respectively connected with the side columns and the support columns in the north-south direction and the east-west direction; the sub-lines are connected with the main line and the branch line to form a 50 cm multiplied by 50 cm square grid;
the pear garden transformation comprises: the existing pear garden cultivated by standing tree is transformed into an integrated inverted U-shaped frame type cultivation mode; during winter pruning, the skeletons of the standing tree type sparse layering and small crown sparse layering tree bodies are modified: 2 main branches perpendicular to the row direction are selected and reserved on the trunk 40 cm-60 cm away from the ground; removing the remaining main branches except 2 main branches selected and remained on the central trunk in the first year, and only retaining the results of the medium and small bearing branch groups on the central trunk; removing the central trunk above the selected main branches in the next year; 2 main branches in vertical direction are selected and reserved, 2-3 side branches are reserved for each main branch, and a single-shaft fruit branch group in comb-tooth arrangement is cultivated on the main branch and the side branches; the extension branch of the main branch extends outwards along the inverted U-shaped frame type facility until being connected with the main branch which is opposite to the main branch, and is connected into a whole through leaning;
The rack type facility for supporting the transformation of the pear garden tree body comprises a steel pipe, a steel wire and a ground anchor; one end of each steel pipe is buried on a 50cm ground anchor along the row direction of the pear tree, the other end of each steel pipe is buried on the opposite ground anchor along the row direction of the pear tree, the span is 4.0m, the height is 2.5m, the steel pipes are semicircular, namely, the steel pipes are integrated, the adjacent steel pipes are firmly connected at the position close to the ground, and 1 steel pipe is buried every 5 m; 2 steel pipes are fixed at the position 1.0m and the position 2.5m away from the ground, namely the top of the inverted U-shaped frame type, and are parallel to the pear tree line direction by using fasteners, so that the firmness of the frame type is enhanced; 2 paths of steel wires for the row direction are respectively pulled parallel to the ground at the positions 1.5m and 2.0m away from the ground for fixing the bound fruiting branch groups;
the pinellia ternate sowing comprises the following steps: planting or reforming pear trees in the last ten days of 2 months of the current year, opening furrows with the width and depth of 20cm in the middle of a pear tree row belt, arranging pinellia ternate sowing ridge surfaces with the width of 1.2-1.4 and m on two sides of the furrows, opening sowing furrows with the depth of 8.0cm on the ridge surfaces, covering soil 5.0cm after sowing half summer seed stems, wherein the seed consumption per mu is 125-150kg, and the distance of the sowing furrows is 20cm;
(2) A pinellia ternate annual cycle management mode;
the ridge surface is compacted after the pinellia ternate is sown and covered with soil, and the selective pre-emergence herbicide metolachlor or pendimethalin is sprayed 8-10 days before emergence of seedlings to prevent and remove weeds in the field; after the pinellia ternate emerges in the middle and upper 3 months, covering the ridge surface with rice straw with the thickness of 8.0cm-10.0cm, preserving soil moisture and preventing the pinellia ternate from falling down; when the pinellia tuber is bolting and flowering in the beginning of 5 months, the bud is removed in time in stages and batches, so that the nutrition consumption is reduced, and the tuber expansion is promoted;
(3) A pear tree stand type cultivation and shaping mode;
the newly built pear garden is 4 main branch flat shed frame cultivation modes: the number of main branches is 4, the azimuth angle is 90 degrees, and the distance from the main branches to the frame surface is 1.0m; wherein 2 main branches are forward and backward, the vertical included angle between the 2 main branches and the trunk is 45 degrees, the main branches are put on the 1.0m vertical frame surface of the trunk, 4 main branches form a square-like bucket shape, the main branch extension branches and the single-shaft branch groups are horizontally distributed on the frame surface, the extension heads of the main branches form an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the horizontal line, and the single-shaft branch groups are leveled on the frame surface; the main branches are not provided with sub-main branches and side branches, single-shaft branch groups are directly planted, the spacing between one side is 30 cm-40 cm, and the spacing between two sides is 15cm-20cm, and the main branches are mutually staggered; the main branches under the frame are attached with small fruiting branch groups, and the main branches are not attached with the fruiting branch groups;
after the existing pear tree is transformed in a shelf mode, the extension branches of 2 main branches extend along the reverse U-shaped shelf surface to be connected with the extension heads of the adjacent main branches, and the extension heads are connected into a whole by a leaning method; cutting off the middle part of an annual extension branch of a main branch before and after the spring, cutting off a truncated notch, beveling a cutter at an inclined angle of 45 degrees at a position 1.0cm away from the truncated notch on one side facing upwards in the horizontal direction, beveling a cutter at an inclined angle of 45 degrees at a position 1.5cm away from the truncated notch on one side facing downwards in the back, and converging the cutter with the first cutter to form a wedge shape; cutting an annual extension branch of the other main branch at the junction of the annual extension branch and the main branch which is cut into a wedge shape, cutting a frustum, chamfering a cutter at the position of 1/4-1/3 of the section at an inclined angle of 45 degrees, chamfering a cutter at the position of 1/4-1/3 of the frustum downwards, connecting the length of the cutter with the edge of the first cutter by 1.0cm, and removing the resected stock to form 1 wedge opening of 45 degrees; then the wedge-shaped part is butted with the wedge-shaped opening to align the cambium at one side, the long cutting surface of the wedge-shaped extension branch exposes the cortex, the inner cling is realized, the side alignment is realized, the cortex is exposed, and then the plastic film is used for binding tightly rapidly; selecting a polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.01mm, shearing the polyethylene film into a strip with the width of 1.5cm and the length of 30 cm-40 cm, and flatly binding a notch and a exposed part from bottom to top by using a single-layer film; the whole main branches are connected into a whole body through extension branches after transformation, so that a hedge perpendicular to the row direction is formed, namely, the whole body is in an inverted U shape, the nutrition of the tree body is distributed uniformly, and the production of high-quality fruits is facilitated; the single-shaft branch groups are arranged at two sides of the main branch and the side branch, the spacing of one side is 30 cm-40 cm, the single-shaft branch groups are comb-tooth-shaped, the spacing of two sides is 15cm-20cm, the single-shaft branch groups are staggered with each other, and the single-shaft branch groups are bound on the n-shaped frame surface;
(4) Harvesting pears and pinellia ternate;
(5) Preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests; the pears and the pinellia ternate in the Jiang Han plain area are subjected to pest control, the pears are used for 3 times, and the pinellia ternate does not need to be sprayed independently for pest control;
the first spraying is Xie Huaqi, namely 80% of pear flower, the bactericide and the insecticide are mixed for 1 time in the whole garden, the bactericide is 500 times of 15% triazolone wettable powder and 80% metaplasia M-45 wettable powder, or 800 times of 70% mancozeb or propineb wettable powder, or 600 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 1000 times of insecticide is 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent, 4000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 2000 times of 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate, or 4000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate;
the second spraying is the pear fruit swelling period, namely spraying 1 pesticide and bactericide in the middle and upper 5 months, wherein the bactericide is 4000 times of 37% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 43% tebuconazole suspending agent 3000 times, 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, or 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times, and the pesticide is 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent 4000 times, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 4000 times, or 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times, or 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times;
The third spraying is that after fruits are harvested, 1 pesticide and bactericide are sprayed on the whole field in the middle ten days of 8 months, wherein the bactericide is 4000 times of 37% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 43% tebuconazole suspending agent 3000 times, 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times, and the pesticide is 20% fenpropathrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times, or 2.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times, or 2.5% high-efficiency cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times.
2. The stereoscopic ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the pear fruits in the plain area of Jiang Han are ripe in 7 months, and are picked to be marketed, and the first seedling stage of pinellia ternate is the period of the first seedling stage, so that the pear fruits can be conveniently picked in the field; at the end of 7 months and 8 months, pear fruits are harvested, and the pinellia ternate starts to emerge for the second time, so that treading of harvesting operation is avoided;
the harvesting period of pinellia ternate in Jiang Han plain is positioned before and after winter, and the period is the period when the pear tree is applied with base fertilizer in autumn; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2500 kg-3500 kg per mu, the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 150 kg-250 kg per mu, the organic fertilizer is uniformly mixed and then spread on the ridge surface planted by pinellia ternate and the tree tray of pear trees, and then ploughed; after the base fertilizer is applied to pear trees in autumn and ploughed, the pinellia ternate is simultaneously harvested, the pear trees are picked up and sold, the longitudinal diameter of the pear trees is more than 0.6cm, the pear trees are left in soil and are not picked up as seed stems, and the pear trees are continuously cultivated and grown for sale.
3. The stereoscopic ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), seed half summer seed stems are soaked with 10% biogas slurry supernatant for 3 hours before pinellia ternate is sown.
4. The stereoscopic ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), a 70% black 4-needle sunshade net is paved on the grid frame surface of a newly-built pear garden in the middle of the last 4 months of the current year, the width is 3.0 m, and the net is paved on the frame surface in the middle of a pear tree row belt.
5. The stereoscopic ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the seedling pouring is completed in the region of Jiang Han plain and 7 months of pinellia ternate in a concentrated manner; spraying quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate on the ridge surfaces after seedling pouring to prevent and treat field weeds; the pinellia ternate grows out for the second time in the last 8 months, and the buds are removed in time when the bolting and flowering are carried out in the beginning of 10 months;
sowing pinellia ternate for 1 time, harvesting for many times in many years, and applying 5% naphthalene anhydride quaternary ammonium salt aqua 800 times of liquid on the surface when bolting and flowering are carried out in the beginning of 5 months and the beginning of 10 months in the growing period, so as to promote the accelerating expansion of tubers.
6. The stereoscopic ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the whole garden is provided with an anti-bird net, which comprises upright posts, an erecting net surface and an anti-bird net; the upright posts exceed the height of the tree by 1.0 m, 1 upright post is set up every 8.0 m-12.0 m, steel wires are adopted, each row of upright posts is pulled by 1 track, the upright posts are crisscrossed, and the upright posts are fixed on the upper part of each upright post, and are paved and erected with a net surface.
7. Use of a stereoscopic ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia tuber according to any one of claims 1-6 in mixed planting of pear trees and pinellia tuber.
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