CN104686156B - Interplanting method of selenium-rich tea - Google Patents
Interplanting method of selenium-rich tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686156B CN104686156B CN201510104741.9A CN201510104741A CN104686156B CN 104686156 B CN104686156 B CN 104686156B CN 201510104741 A CN201510104741 A CN 201510104741A CN 104686156 B CN104686156 B CN 104686156B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a selenium-rich tea interplanting method, which is a method for interplanting osmunda japonica, tea and taxus chinensis in hillside forest lands, and specifically comprises the operations of reforming the hillside forest lands, planting the tea, applying a selenium-rich fertilizer, interplanting the taxus chinensis, astragalus sinicus and the like. The fir trees form a fence at the outer side of the ditch, and large tea seedlings are planted at the inner side of the fence, so that the tea trees like yin, the tea trees can grow well, multiple crops are interplanted, and the whole economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a selenium-rich tea interplanting method.
Background
Osmunda japonica, named Zijiu, belongs to perennial ferns and is widely available in Dabie mountain areas. The osmunda japonica is rich in protein, vitamins, potassium, calcium, scales and other trace elements, can be made into delicious dishes, has the effects of resisting cancer, clearing heat, detoxifying, losing weight, beautifying and the like, has an obvious inhibiting effect on viruses such as influenza, Japanese encephalitis and the like, is a vegetable which is exported for a long time and sold overseas, and is particularly exported to Japan.
At present, osmunda japonica is mostly collected in the field, although local experiments and manual planting are also available, the yield is low, the collected osmunda japonica stems are thin, the quality is poor, and the osmunda japonica withers or does not bud again after being picked for one or two years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a selenium-rich tea interplanting method which can effectively solve the problems, and is high in yield, thick and strong in osmunda japonica, good in quality, capable of being picked for a long time and free of yield reduction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a selenium-rich tea interplanting method is a method for interplanting osmunda japonica, tea and taxus chinensis in hillside forest lands, and specifically comprises the following operation steps:
s1: the land of the hillside forest is prepared into a step shape, each planting land after the land preparation is respectively arranged along the contour line of the hillside, the outer side of the slope surface between the adjacent planting lands adopts stones to build a dam bank, the middle part of each planting land is provided with a ditch, the ditch is arranged along the length direction of the planting land and is internally provided with partitions at intervals along the length direction, the partitions divide the ditch into water tanks, the partitions at the two ends of each water tank are respectively provided with a first water flowing port and a second water flowing port, the wall of the outer side of each water tank is provided with a third water flowing port, the height of the third water flowing port on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the water flowing port with the lower height in the first water flowing port and the second water flowing port, the partitions and the third water flowing ports on the adjacent water tanks are respectively arranged in an interval staggered manner, the water ditch at the top of the land of the hillside forest is connected with a water supply device, the outer side of the upper part of the, one water outlet direction of the bidirectional spray head obliquely points to the side wall of the dam ridge, the other water outlet direction of the bidirectional spray head obliquely points downwards to the side far away from the dam ridge, the ditch divides the planting field into a first planting field positioned on the inner side of the ditch and a second planting field positioned on the outer side of the ditch, the first planting field is formed by filling and shaping improved soil, the improved soil is dry field soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil which are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1: 0.2-0.8: 1:0.4, the dry field soil is rice field soil taken after the paddy field drains off the water field and is sunned for 3-6 months, crops are not sowed and turned over for 2-3 times during sunning, and the fire fertile soil is straw, branches and leaves, fire ash burnt by weeds and native soil of forest lands (mountain slope land) are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-3;
s2: planting 4-5 year old fir seedlings on a second planting field at intervals in spring of the year, cutting off the trunk of the fir seedlings after the fir seedlings survive, performing preservative treatment on the cut parts, growing the fir seedlings in clusters at the tree pockets of the fir, planting artificially propagated/wild osmunda seedlings on a first planting field at intervals close to the bottoms of dam ridges in autumn of the same year, irrigating in a ditch, stopping irrigation after frost fall and laying a layer of leaves on the ground surface of the first planting field, wherein the water surface in the ditch is 12-17 cm lower than the ground surface of the first planting field;
s3: irrigating after the frightened tree in the second year, beginning bud of osmunda japonica in 4-5 months, opening a bidirectional spray head at night every day for spraying for 3-5 min after bud of osmunda japonica, not picking osmunda japonica in the first year, trimming the taxus chinensis, reserving a main branch, picking the top of the rest taxus chinensis seedlings to enable the height of the taxus chinensis seedlings to be 1.4-1.6 m, broadcasting milk vetch on the first planting land in the autumn of the second year, cutting and covering the ripe milk vetch and leaves on the ground surface of the first planting land, digging a planting hole with the depth of 50cm on the second planting land in 9 months, putting 2.0kg of green manure at the bottom of the planting hole, then compacting with 1.5kg of poultry manure and 2.0kg of cake manure, covering a mulching film for rotting, evacuating the rotted mulching film, turning over the fertilizers in the planting hole, planting 3-4 years when in 11 months, planting tea trees on the inner side of the taxus chinensis, and arranging tea trees alternately with the thorn trees, stopping irrigation after frost;
s4: from the third year onwards, the following operations are repeated each year: irrigating and applying tea water flush fertilizer and livestock manure to tea after the frightening, wherein the application amount of the livestock manure is 160-170 kg/mu, applying a bud promoting fertilizer to the osmunda japonica in 3 and 4 months, opening a bidirectional spray head for 3-5 min at night after tea leaves germinate and osmunda japonica bud buds, picking the osmunda japonica 3-4 times in 4-5 months, pruning tea leaves in the third year without picking, picking tea leaves in the fourth year, pruning the short branches of the Chinese fir tree to ensure that the height of the short branches is not more than 1.5m, broadcasting milk vetch in a first planting field in autumn, sowing clovers in a second planting field, cutting and collecting the ripe milk vetch, paving the ripe milk vetch and leaves on the ground surface of the first planting field, turning and burying the ripe clovers in soil of the second planting field, stopping irrigation after frost, wherein the germination-assisting fertilizer is prepared by mixing fire-fat soil and human urine/urea;
the livestock manure is feces collected by feeding livestock; pulverizing and mixing sorghum, wheat and soybean according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate according to a mass ratio of 1:5, adding water, fermenting at 28 ℃ for 70 days, mixing the fermented product with feed for feeding livestock and poultry, and collecting the feces of the livestock and poultry.
The planting of the osmunda japonica is mainly the control of water and fertilizer, and the osmunda japonica prefers water and is fond of yin but is afraid of waterlogging and extremely harsh on growing soil. The invention can uniformly irrigate the whole hillside forest land by the irrigation system formed by the water ditch through the reformation of the hillside forest land, meanwhile, the water level in the ditch is controlled to be 12-17 cm lower than the ground surface of the first planting field, the water-loving irrigation of the osmunda japonica is guaranteed, the waterlogging does not occur, the osmunda japonica is planted close to the bottom of the dam ridge, the planting effect is far better than that of flat ground, the osmunda japonica is influenced by the dam ridge, so that the newly-emerged stems and leaves grow to the side far away from the dam bank, the phytohormone in the stems and leaves stimulates the roots to sprout more spores, the yield is improved, meanwhile, the arrangement of the dam banks can prevent water flow above the first planting field from flowing from the ground surface of the first planting field and permeating into the ditch from the lower part of the first planting field, prevent the osmunda japonica from waterlogging, in addition, the dam ridge built by the stones can play a role in fixing at the initial stage of forest land transformation, and prevents landslide from causing damage to the mountain slopes and forest lands in rainy seasons; the bidirectional spray head sprays in a short time at night to simulate a rainy day, so that part of rainwater is sprayed on the osmunda japonica bud sparsely, the growth of the osmunda japonica bud is promoted, and the osmunda japonica bud is thicker; meanwhile, the prepared improved soil is matched with the optimal requirement of growth of the osmunda japonica in acidity and fertilizer cultivation, so that the osmunda japonica is thicker and stronger, the milk vetch can grow luxuriantly on the soil of the first planting field, the harvested milk vetch and the harvested leaves are covered, the osmunda japonica can live through the winter better, the osmunda japonica spores in the next year are guaranteed, the milk vetch and the harvested leaves can well supplement the fertility of the first planting field and adjust the acidity through the rot of the milk vetch and the harvested leaf, and the osmunda japonica can be picked every year. The taxus chinensis propagation cost is low, the survival rate is high, the growth is fast, after the main branches are cut off, a large amount of new seedlings can be grown at the tree pocket, the shaded fence can be formed on the periphery of the osmunda japonica quickly, the requirement of the osmunda japonica on the growth environment is met, and meanwhile, the period of the whole forest land transformation is shortened. Certainly, the main functions of the factors are simply explained, the high-yield osmunda japonica thunb can be picked at high yield every year through the mutual coordination of the factors, and the picked osmunda japonica thunb is thick and strong and has good quality.
The detailed scheme is as follows:
the height of the dam ridge is 60-80 cm, the filling thickness of the improved soil is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil, and the bottom of the dam ridge extends into the sandy soil layer. And planting tea trees on a second planting field after the second year, wherein the tea trees are positioned on the inner side of the taxus chinensis trees and are arranged in a staggered mode at intervals with the taxus chinensis trees. The improved soil is prepared by mixing dry land soil, peat soil and topsoil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2, and the bud-promoting fertilizer is prepared by 50kg of topsoil and 10L of urine of human. In the next year, the trunk of the fir tree is large and the short branches at the bag are luxuriant, just like a fence is formed outside the ditch, at the moment, a large tea seedling is planted inside the ditch, the tea tree is loved to be cloudy and can well grow, and due to the fact that the tea tree is planted, the height of the ground surface of the second planting field is 10-15 cm higher than that of the first planting field, multiple crops are interplanted, and the whole economic benefit is improved. Moreover, the taxus chinensis and the osmunda japonica are crops without insect pests, and the phenomenon that the diseases and insect pests are easy to occur in the large-piece tea planting can be eliminated through interplanting, so that the economic benefit of the whole agriculture is improved.
In addition, the selenium-rich fertilizer obtained by mixing, compacting and stacking the livestock manure rich in organic selenium with weeds, lime and cake fertilizer and the application of the stunted livestock manure can effectively absorb the organic selenium in the livestock manure by tea trees, so that the selenium content in the tea leaves is greatly improved, and the selenium content in the tea soup brewed by the tea leaves is more than 1.8 times of the selenium content in the tea soup brewed by common tea leaves. The tea water flush fertilizer is used before the livestock manure, can effectively promote the absorption of the oil tea trees on the organic selenium fertilizer, and also has the effects of strong disease resistance and yield increase.
Above-mentioned technical scheme can show the output and the quality that improve the osmunda japonica thunb, and can both pick the osmunda japonica thunb every year after the third year, and the fresh leaf of tealeaves is fertile, can not appear the pest and disease damage phenomenon.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a slope surface provided with a ditch;
fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the slope.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.
The following examples 1 to 2 were carried out in a cool wind farm (Yuexi county lotus village cool wind group) developed together with Genghuo energy technology Co., Ltd. and Hongsheng agriculture technology Co., Ltd. in Yuexi county, spores were generated on the roots of Osmunda japonica, the spores were picked up after the growth of Osmunda japonica, the dilute fecal water was prepared by mixing human urine and 2 times of water, and the urea water was prepared from 100 to 200g of urea and 1L of water. In the following examples 1 and 2, the specific application amount of the fertilizer, which is not specified, can be determined by those skilled in the art according to the effect and the application period of the fertilizer, so as to ensure the reliable planting of crops. In the present invention, the percentages of the components are mass concentrations unless otherwise specified.
The tea leaf water flush fertilizer is a water flush fertilizer for Yunzheng brand fruit trees produced by Zhengzhou Yunzheng agriculture science and technology limited company, and the use method of the water flush fertilizer is that the water flush fertilizer is diluted by 800-; of course, the tea leaf water flush fertilizer produced by other companies can be used to achieve the same effect. The livestock manure is feces collected by feeding livestock; pulverizing and mixing sorghum, wheat and soybean according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate according to a mass ratio of 1:5, adding water, fermenting at 28 ℃ for 70 days, mixing the fermented product with feed for feeding livestock and poultry, and collecting the feces of the livestock and poultry.
Example 1
A fire line is opened on the selected mountain slope forest land to smelt the mountain, the land is burnt completely on a sunny day, tree roots and grass roots are removed after the land is burnt, the mountain slope forest land is prepared into a step shape, each prepared planting land 11 is respectively arranged along the contour line of the mountain slope, a dam ridge 12 is built on the outer side of the slope surface between the adjacent planting lands 11 by adopting stones, a ditch 13 is arranged in the middle of each planting land 11, the ditch 13 is arranged along the length direction of the planting land 11, partition sections 131 are arranged along the length direction of the ditch 13, the ditch 13 is divided into water tanks by the partition sections 131, a first water flowing port 132 and a second water flowing port 132 are respectively arranged on the partition sections 131 at two ends of each water tank, a third water flowing port 133 is arranged on the wall of the outer side of each water tank, the height of the third water flowing port 133 on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the water flowing port with the lower height of the first water flowing port 132 (if the height of the first water flowing port is lower than the height of the second water flowing port, the first water flowing port 133 is consistent, the partitions 131 and the third water outlets 133 on the adjacent ditches 13 are respectively arranged at intervals in a staggered manner, the ditches 13 at the tops of mountain slopes and forest lands are connected with a water supply device, the outer side of the upper part of the dam ridge 12 is provided with a horizontal water spraying pipe 14, the pipe bodies of the water spraying pipes are provided with two-way spray heads at intervals, one water outlet direction of each two-way spray head obliquely points to the side wall of the dam ridge, the other water outlet direction of each two-way spray head obliquely points downwards to one side far away from the dam ridge, the ditches 13 divide the planting land 11 into a first planting land 111 positioned at the inner side of the ditches 13 and a second planting land 112 positioned at the outer side of the ditches 13, the first planting land 111 is filled with improved soil, the improved soil is prepared by mixing dry land soil, peat soil and burnt soil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2, the dry land soil is rice field soil taken after the water drainage and the sun-cured land is sowed for 3-3 times during the sun-3 times, the fire-fertile soil is prepared by mixing fire ash formed by burning straws, branches and leaves and weeds with forest land soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 2; the height of the dam ridge 12 is 60-80 cm, the filling thickness of the improved soil is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer 15 is arranged on the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil, the bottom of the dam ridge 12 extends into the sandy soil layer 15, the width of the first planting field 111 is 30-40 cm, and the width of the second planting field 112 is 1-1.2 m;
planting 4-5 years old fir 11b seedlings on the second planting field 112 at intervals in spring of the year, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5m, cutting off the trunk of the fir 11b seedlings after the fir 11b seedlings survive, performing preservative treatment on the cut parts, growing fir 11b seedlings in clusters at the tree bellies of the fir 11b, planting the artificially propagated osmunda seedlings 11a at intervals on the first planting field 111 close to the bottom of the dam bank 12 in autumn of the same year, planting the osmunda seedlings with planting holes of 20-25 cm in width and 20 x 20cm in size at a planting distance of 15cm, transplanting the osmunda seedlings 11a with soil without damaging roots, pouring root fixing water after planting, irrigating water in the ditch 13, wherein the height of the water surface in the ditch 13 is 12-17 cm lower than the height of the ground surface of the first planting field 111, stopping irrigation after frost, and paving a layer of leaves on the ground surface of the first planting field 111, wherein the leaves falling off from miscellaneous trees and pine needles can be selected for paving;
irrigating after the frightened dormancy in the second year, beginning bud buds of osmunda japonica in 4-5 months, opening a bidirectional spray head at night every day after the bud buds of the osmunda japonica for spraying for 3-5 min, topdressing and seedling lifting by using diluted liquid manure or urea water before and after spores, not picking the osmunda japonica in the first year by the bud buds, trimming 11b trees of the picea asperata, keeping a main branch, picking the tops of the other picea asperata seedlings to enable the height to be 1.4-1.6 m, broadcasting milk vetch on the first planting land in the autumn of the second year, cutting and harvesting milk vetch after the milk vetch is ripe, covering the cut and harvested milk vetch on the ground surface of the first planting land together with leaves, digging a planting hole with the depth of 50cm on the second planting land when the seedlings are ripe in 9 months, putting 2.0kg of green manure at the bottom of the planting hole, then spreading 1.5kg of poultry manure and 2.0kg of cake manure, covering a mulching film for rotten, turning over the fertilizer in the planting hole, spreading the fertilizer for 3-5 months, and planting tea seedlings in 11c year, the tea trees are positioned on the inner side of the taxus chinensis and are arranged in a staggered mode with the taxus chinensis at intervals, and irrigation is stopped after frost falls;
from the third year onwards, the following operations are repeated each year: irrigating and applying tea water flush fertilizer and livestock manure to tea after the frightening, wherein the application amount of the livestock manure is 160-170 kg/mu, applying a bud promoting fertilizer to the osmunda japonica in 3 and 4 months, opening a bidirectional spray head for 3-5 min at night after tea leaves germinate and osmunda japonica bud buds, picking the osmunda japonica 3-4 times in 4-5 months, pruning tea leaves in the third year without picking, picking tea leaves in the fourth year, pruning the short branches of the Chinese fir tree to ensure that the height of the short branches is not more than 1.5m, broadcasting milk vetch in a first planting field in autumn, sowing clovers in a second planting field, cutting and collecting the ripe milk vetch, paving the ripe milk vetch and leaves on the ground surface of the first planting field, turning and burying the ripe clovers in soil of the second planting field, stopping irrigation after frost, and preparing the germination-assisting fertilizer by 50kg of fire-fat soil and 10L of human urine storage liquid.
Example 2
A fire line is opened on the selected mountain slope forest land to smelt the mountain, the land is burnt completely on a sunny day, tree roots and grass roots are removed after the land is burnt, the mountain slope forest land is prepared into a step shape, each prepared planting land 11 is respectively arranged along the contour line of the mountain slope, a dam ridge 12 is built on the outer side of the slope surface between the adjacent planting lands 11 by adopting stones, a ditch 13 is arranged in the middle of each planting land 11, the ditch 13 is arranged along the length direction of the planting land 11, partition sections 131 are arranged along the length direction of the ditch 13, the ditch 13 is divided into water tanks by the partition sections 131, a first water flowing port 132 and a second water flowing port 132 are respectively arranged on the partition sections 131 at two ends of each water tank, a third water flowing port 133 is arranged on the wall of the outer side of each water tank, the height of the third water flowing port 133 on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the water flowing port with the lower height of the first water flowing port 132 (if the height of the first water flowing port is lower than the height of the second water flowing port, the first water flowing port 133 is consistent, the partitions 131 and the third water outlets 133 on the adjacent ditches 13 are respectively arranged at intervals in a staggered manner, the ditches 13 at the tops of mountain slopes and forest lands are connected with a water supply device, the outer side of the upper part of the dam ridge 12 is provided with a horizontal water spraying pipe 14, the pipe bodies of the water spraying pipes are provided with two-way spray heads at intervals, one water outlet direction of each two-way spray head obliquely points to the side wall of the dam ridge, the other water outlet direction of each two-way spray head obliquely points downwards to one side far away from the dam ridge, the ditches 13 divide the planting land 11 into a first planting land 111 positioned at the inner side of the ditches 13 and a second planting land 112 positioned at the outer side of the ditches 13, the first planting land 111 is filled with improved soil, the improved soil is prepared by mixing dry land soil, peat soil and burnt soil according to the weight ratio of 0.8:1:0.4, the dry land soil is paddy field soil taken after the water drainage and the sunning of the paddy field for 3-6 months, crops are not sowed and turned over 2-, the fire-fertile soil is prepared by mixing fire ash burnt by straws, branches and leaves and weeds with forest land soil (the native soil of a mountain slope forest land) according to the weight ratio of 1: 3; the height of the dam ridge 12 is 60-80 cm, the filling thickness of the improved soil is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil, the bottom of the dam ridge 12 extends into the sandy soil layer, the width of the first planting field 111 is 30-40 cm, and the width of the second planting field 112 is 1-1.2 m;
planting 4-5 years old fir 11b seedlings on the second planting field 112 at intervals in spring of the year, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5m, cutting off the trunk of the fir 11b seedlings after the fir 11b seedlings survive, performing preservative treatment on the cut parts, growing fir 11b seedlings in clusters at the tree bellies of the fir 11b, planting wild osmunda seedlings 11a on a first planting field 111 close to the bottom of a dam ridge 12 at intervals in autumn of the same year, planting holes with the width of 20-25 cm and the size of 20 multiplied by 20cm according to the plant spacing of 15cm, transplanting the osmunda seedlings 11a with soil without damaging root systems, pouring root fixing water after planting, irrigating water in the ditch 13, wherein the height of the water surface in the ditch 13 is 12-17 cm lower than the height of the ground surface of the first planting field 111, stopping irrigation after frost, and paving a layer of leaves on the ground surface of the first planting field 111, wherein the leaves falling off from miscellaneous trees and pine needles can be selected for paving;
irrigating after the frightened dormancy in the second year, beginning bud buds of osmunda japonica in 4-5 months, opening a bidirectional spray head at night every day after the bud buds of the osmunda japonica for spraying for 3-5 min, topdressing and seedling lifting by using diluted liquid manure or urea water before and after spores, not picking the osmunda japonica in the first year by the bud buds, trimming 11b trees of the picea asperata, keeping a main branch, picking the tops of the other picea asperata seedlings to enable the height to be 1.4-1.6 m, broadcasting milk vetch on the first planting land in the autumn of the second year, cutting and harvesting milk vetch after the milk vetch is ripe, covering the cut and harvested milk vetch on the ground surface of the first planting land together with leaves, digging a planting hole with the depth of 50cm on the second planting land when the seedlings are ripe in 9 months, putting 2.0kg of green manure at the bottom of the planting hole, then spreading 1.5kg of poultry manure and 2.0kg of cake manure, covering a mulching film for rotten, turning over the fertilizer in the planting hole, spreading the fertilizer for 3-5 months, and planting tea seedlings in 11c year, the tea trees are positioned on the inner side of the taxus chinensis and are arranged in a staggered mode with the taxus chinensis at intervals, and irrigation is stopped after frost falls;
from the third year onwards, the following operations are repeated each year: irrigating and applying tea water flush fertilizer and livestock manure to tea after the frightening, wherein the application amount of the livestock manure is 160-170 kg/mu, applying a bud promoting fertilizer to the osmunda japonica in 3 and 4 months, opening a bidirectional spray head for 3-5 min at night after tea leaves germinate and osmunda japonica bud buds, picking the osmunda japonica 3-4 times in 4-5 months, pruning tea leaves in the third year without picking, picking tea leaves in the fourth year, pruning the short branches of the Chinese fir tree to ensure that the height of the short branches is not more than 1.5m, broadcasting milk vetch in a first planting field in autumn, sowing clovers in a second planting field, cutting and collecting the ripe milk vetch, paving the ripe milk vetch and leaves on the ground surface of the first planting field, turning and burying the ripe clovers in soil of the second planting field, stopping irrigation after frost, and preparing the germination-assisting fertilizer by 50kg of fire-fat soil and 10L of human urine storage liquid.
In the above examples 1 and 2, the planting amount of each mu of osmunda japonica is 2000-2500, 350 kg of fresh osmunda japonica is produced per mu of year, the length of the picked fresh osmunda japonica is 15-20 cm, the root diameter of the root of the fresh osmunda japonica is 0.8-1.2 cm, and the fibrosis degree of the fresh osmunda japonica is low.
The method is characterized by being used for planting the fresh osmunda japonica thunb in the traditional flat ground, wherein the planting amount of the osmunda japonica thunb per mu is 4500-6000, 300 kilograms of fresh osmunda japonica thunb are produced per mu in each year, the length of the picked fresh osmunda japonica thunb is 15-20 cm, the root diameter of the root of the fresh osmunda japonica thunb is 0.3-0.6 cm, and the surface fibrosis degree of the fresh osmunda japonica thunb is.
In the above embodiments 1 and 2, the tea leaves are picked from the fourth year, the picked tea leaves are fat and tender, the tea leaves do not suffer from plant diseases and insect pests, the yield per mu is about 100kg of dry tea, and the selenium content in the tea soup infused by the tea leaves is more than 1.8 times of the selenium content in the tea soup infused by the common tea leaves.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art, after learning the present disclosure, can make several equivalent changes and substitutions without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these equivalent changes and substitutions should also be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A selenium-rich tea interplanting method is a method for interplanting osmunda japonica, tea and taxus chinensis in hillside forest lands, and specifically comprises the following operation steps:
s1: the land of the hillside forest is prepared into a step shape, each planting land after the land preparation is respectively arranged along the contour line of the hillside, the outer side of the slope surface between the adjacent planting lands adopts stones to build a dam bank, the middle part of each planting land is provided with a ditch, the ditch is arranged along the length direction of the planting land and is internally provided with partitions at intervals along the length direction, the partitions divide the ditch into water tanks, the partitions at the two ends of each water tank are respectively provided with a first water flowing port and a second water flowing port, the wall of the outer side of each water tank is provided with a third water flowing port, the height of the third water flowing port on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the water flowing port with the lower height in the first water flowing port and the second water flowing port, the partitions and the third water flowing ports on the adjacent water tanks are respectively arranged in an interval staggered manner, the water ditch at the top of the land of the hillside forest is connected with a water supply device, the outer side of the upper part of the, one water outlet direction of the bidirectional spray head obliquely points to the side wall of the dam ridge, the other water outlet direction of the bidirectional spray head obliquely points downwards to the side far away from the dam ridge, the ditch divides the planting field into a first planting field positioned on the inner side of the ditch and a second planting field positioned on the outer side of the ditch, the first planting field is formed by filling and shaping improved soil, the improved soil is dry field soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil which are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 0.5-0.8: 1: 0.2-0.4, the dry field soil is rice field soil taken after 3-6 months of the drainage sunning field of the rice field, crops are not sown during the sunning field and turned over for 2-3 times, and the fire fertile soil is prepared by mixing the fire ash burnt by straws, tree branches and leaves and weeds and the forest soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-3;
s2: planting the stinging fir of 4-5 years at intervals on a second planting field in spring of the year, cutting off the trunk of the stinging fir after the stinging fir survives, performing preservative treatment on the cut part, growing stinging fir seedlings in a cluster shape at the tree pockets of the stinging fir, planting artificially-propagated/wild osmunda japonica seedlings at intervals on the first planting field close to the bottom of the dam ridge in autumn of the same year, irrigating in the ditch, stopping irrigation after frost fall, and paving a layer of leaves on the surface of the first planting field, wherein the water surface height in the ditch is 12-17 cm lower than the surface height of the first planting field;
s3: irrigating after the frightened tree in the second year, beginning bud of the osmunda japonica in 4-5 months, opening a bidirectional spray head at night every day for spraying for 3-5 min after bud of the osmunda japonica, not picking the osmunda japonica in the first year, trimming the cryptomeria spinosa, keeping a main branch, picking the top of the rest of the cryptomeria spinosa seedlings to enable the height of the cryptomeria spinosa seedlings to be 1.4-1.6 m, broadcasting milk vetch on the first planting land in the autumn of the second year, cutting and covering the ripe milk vetch on the ground surface of the first planting land together with leaves, digging a 50 cm-deep planting hole on the second planting land in 9 months, putting 2.0kg of green manure at the bottom of the planting hole, then using 1.5kg of poultry manure and 2.0kg of cake manure to compact, covering a mulching film for rotting, evacuating the rotted mulching film, turning over the fertilizers in the planting hole, planting 3-4 years, planting tea trees are positioned at the inner side of the cryptomeria staggered thorn with the cryptomeria gap between the cryptomeria tea tree and the cryptomeria thorn, stopping irrigation after frost;
s4: from the third year onwards, the following operations are repeated each year: irrigating and applying tea tree water flush fertilizer and livestock manure to tea trees after the alarming and stinging, wherein the application amount of the livestock manure is 160-170 kg/mu, applying a bud promoting fertilizer to the osmunda japonica in 3-4 months, opening a bidirectional spray head at night every day for 3-5 min for fog spraying after tea trees germinate and osmunda japonica bud buds, picking the osmunda japonica 3-4 times in 4-5 months, pruning tea leaves in the third year without picking, and picking the tea leaves in the fourth year, pruning the short branches of the taxus chinensis to ensure that the height of the short branches is not more than 1.5m, broadcasting milk vetch in a first planting field in autumn, sowing clovers in a second planting field, cutting and collecting the ripe milk vetch, paving the ripe milk vetch and leaves on the ground surface of the first planting field, turning and burying the ripe clovers in soil of the second planting field, stopping irrigation after frost, wherein the germination-assisting fertilizer is prepared by mixing fire-fat soil and human and animal urine/urea;
the livestock manure is feces collected by feeding livestock; pulverizing and mixing sorghum, wheat and soybean according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate according to a mass ratio of 1:5, adding water, fermenting at 28 ℃ for 70 days, mixing the fermented product with feed for feeding livestock and poultry, and collecting the feces of the livestock and poultry.
2. The selenium-enriched tea interplanting method of claim 1, wherein: the height of the dam ridge is 60-80 cm, the filling thickness of the improved soil is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil, and the bottom of the dam ridge extends into the sandy soil layer.
3. The selenium-enriched tea interplanting method of claim 1, wherein: the improved soil is prepared by mixing dry land soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1: 0.2.
4. The selenium-enriched tea interplanting method of claim 1, wherein: the germination-assisting fertilizer is prepared from 50kg of fire-fertilizing soil and 10L of human and animal urine.
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| CN105145225A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-12-16 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea garden moisture conservation tillage minimizing method |
| CN105145226B (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2019-05-07 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of light simplified cultivation management method in tea place |
| CN105165531A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-23 | 霍山县雨佳有机茶有限公司 | Film-uncovering-free cultivation method adopted in youth tea garden in cold highland area |
| CN107360935A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-21 | 安徽格瑞恩园林工程有限公司 | A kind of breeding locust tree film-mulching cultivation method |
| CN108849360A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of method of bur clover and rice interplanting |
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