CN104686153B

CN104686153B - Method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on improved sloping field

Info

Publication number: CN104686153B
Application number: CN201510104718.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王寿南; 胡齐放
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-03-10
Filing date: 2015-03-10
Publication date: 2020-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 2035-03-10
Also published as: CN104686153A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on an improved slope, which is a method for planting osmunda japonica, taxus chinensis and fig on a mountain slope forest land. Above-mentioned technical scheme can show output and the quality that improves the osmunda japonica thunb, and can both pick the osmunda japonica thunb annually after the third year, and the single plant output of fig will be higher than the output that traditional large-piece was planted alone far away, and selenium content is high in the fig.

Description

Method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on improved sloping field

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on an improved sloping field.

Background

Osmunda japonica, named Zijiu, belongs to perennial ferns and is widely available in Dabie mountain areas. The osmunda japonica is rich in protein, vitamins, potassium, calcium, scales and other trace elements, can be made into delicious dishes, has the effects of resisting cancer, clearing heat, detoxifying, losing weight, beautifying and the like, has an obvious inhibiting effect on viruses such as influenza, Japanese encephalitis and the like, is a vegetable which is exported for a long time and sold overseas, and is particularly exported to Japan.

At present, osmunda japonica is mostly collected in the field, although local experiments and manual planting are also available, the yield is low, the collected osmunda japonica stems are thin, the quality is poor, and the osmunda japonica withers or does not bud again after being picked for one or two years.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits in an improved sloping field, which can effectively solve the problems, has high yield of osmunda japonica, is thick and strong, has good quality, can be picked for a long time, does not reduce yield, has high yield of single plant of figs, and improves the economic benefit of agricultural planting.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on an improved slope land refers to a method for planting osmunda japonica, taxus chinensis and figs on a hillside forest land, and specifically comprises the following operation steps:

s1: the land of the hillside forest is prepared into a step shape, each planting land after the land preparation is respectively arranged along the contour line of the hillside, the outer side of the slope surface between the adjacent planting lands adopts stones to build a dam bank, the middle part of each planting land is provided with a ditch, the ditch is arranged along the length direction of the planting land and is internally provided with partitions at intervals along the length direction, the partitions divide the ditch into water tanks, the partitions at the two ends of each water tank are respectively provided with a first water flowing port and a second water flowing port, the wall of the outer side of each water tank is provided with a third water flowing port, the height of the third water flowing port on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the water flowing port with the lower height in the first water flowing port and the second water flowing port, the partitions and the third water flowing ports on the adjacent water tanks are respectively arranged in an interval staggered manner, the water tank at the top of the land of the hillside forest is connected with a water supply device, the outer side of the upper part of the dam bank, the water outlet direction of the water spray holes/nozzles obliquely points to the side wall of the dam ridge, the ditch divides a planting field into a first planting field and a second planting field, the first planting field is formed by filling and shaping improved soil, the improved soil is dry field soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil which are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1: 0.2-0.8: 1:0.4, the dry field soil is rice field soil taken after the paddy field is drained and sunned for 3-6 months, crops are not sown during the sunning period and the soil is turned over for 2-3 times, and the fire fertile soil is fire ash formed by burning straws, branches and leaves and weeds and forest land soil (native soil of mountain slope forest lands) which are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-3;

s2: planting 4-5 years old fir seedlings on a second planting field at intervals in spring in the same year, cutting off the trunk of the fir seedlings after the fir seedlings survive, performing preservative treatment on the cut parts, growing the fir seedlings in clusters at the root pockets of the fir, digging a planting pit with the depth of 50-55 cm on the outer sides of the fir seedlings, applying 5-8 kg of decomposed fertilizer in the planting pit, planting the soil-carrying fig cutting seedlings in the planting pit, watering root-fixing water sufficiently, cutting the figs at the row spacing of 1.5-2.0 m along the height of the cutting seedlings by 20-22 cm, shaping the figs by adopting a three-main-branch natural-opening/Y-shaped pruning mode, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is 150-155 parts by weight of green manure, 30-35 parts by weight of poultry manure, 5-8 parts by weight of lime and 10-15 parts by weight of dry land soil, applying 20d of diluted fertilizer after the cuttage, and watering 5% of dilute water containing 5% of ammonium sulfate, planting artificially-propagated/wild osmunda seedlings on a first planting land at intervals in autumn of the same year, wherein the artificial-propagated/wild osmunda seedlings are close to the bottom of a dam ridge, irrigating water in a ditch, the height of the water surface in the ditch is 12-17 cm lower than the height of the ground surface of the first planting land, stopping irrigation after frost fall, and covering a layer of leaves on the ground surface of the first planting land;

s3: irrigating after the frightened dormancy in the second year, starting bud buds of the osmunda japonica in 4-5 months, opening water spraying holes/nozzles at night after the bud buds for spraying/mist spraying for 3-5 min every day, not picking the osmunda japonica in the first year, pruning the taxus chinensis, reserving a main branch, and picking the tops of the rest taxus chinensis seedlings to enable the height of the taxus chinensis seedlings to be 1.4-1.6 m; pruning main branches of figs, keeping the length of the main branches to be 50-55 cm, keeping 3-4 new tips on each main branch, applying compound fertilizer once for a long time when the new tips grow, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 90-100 kg per mu, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20 parts by weight of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 30 parts by weight of livestock manure and 5 parts by weight of urea, and performing fruit and vegetable processing after the fruits are obtained; in autumn of the next year, the milk vetch is sowed on the first planting land, the milk vetch is cut and collected after being mature and is paved on the ground surface of the first planting land together with leaves, and the irrigation is stopped after the frost falls;

s4: from the third year onwards, the following operations are repeated each year: irrigating after the eclipta, applying a bud-assisting fertilizer to the osmunda japonica once in 3 and 4 months, opening a water spraying hole/nozzle to perform spraying/mist spraying for 3-5 min at night after bud formation, picking the osmunda japonica 3-4 times in 4-5 months, and trimming short branches of the taxus chinensis so that the height of the short branches does not exceed 1.5 m; pruning the side branches of the fig to ensure that the side branches are 30-35 cm in length, reserving 1-2 new tips on each side branch, pruning to ensure that the length of the new tips is not more than 20cm, pruning branches with few new tips on the side branches and selecting and reserving 1-2 robust young shoots after the fourth year, respectively applying compound fertilizers once before leaf falling for a vigorous period of the young shoots, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizers every time is 70-75 kg per mu; applying fruit tree water flush fertilizer at the initial stage of the fruit expansion period, and spraying organic selenium fertilizer at the final stage of the fruit expansion period; in autumn, the milk vetch is sowed in the first planting field, the milk vetch is harvested after being mature and is paved on the ground surface of the first planting field together with leaves, the irrigation is stopped after the frost fall, and the bud-aid fertilizer is prepared by mixing fire-fat soil and human urine/urea;

the livestock manure is feces collected by feeding livestock; pulverizing and mixing sorghum, wheat and soybean according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate according to a mass ratio of 1:5, adding water, fermenting at 28 ℃ for 70 days, mixing the fermented product with feed for feeding livestock and poultry, and collecting the feces of the livestock and poultry.

The planting of the osmunda japonica is mainly the control of water and fertilizer, and the osmunda japonica prefers water and is fond of yin but is afraid of waterlogging and extremely harsh on growing soil. The invention can uniformly irrigate the whole hillside forest land by the irrigation system formed by the water ditch through the reformation of the hillside forest land, meanwhile, the water level in the ditch is controlled to be 12-17 cm lower than the ground surface of the first planting field, the water-loving irrigation of the osmunda japonica is guaranteed, the waterlogging does not occur, the osmunda japonica is planted close to the bottom of the dam ridge, the planting effect is far better than that of flat ground, the osmunda japonica is influenced by the dam ridge, so that the newly-emerged stems and leaves grow to the side far away from the dam bank, the phytohormone in the stems and leaves stimulates the roots to sprout more spores, the yield is improved, meanwhile, the arrangement of the dam banks can prevent water flow above the first planting field from flowing from the ground surface of the first planting field and permeating into the ditch from the lower part of the first planting field, prevent the osmunda japonica from waterlogging, in addition, the dam ridge built by the stones can play a role in fixing at the initial stage of forest land transformation, and prevents landslide from causing damage to the mountain slopes and forest lands in rainy seasons; the water spraying holes/nozzles spray in a short time at night to simulate a rainy day, so that part of rainwater is sprayed on the osmunda japonica buds sparsely, the growth of the osmunda japonica buds is promoted, and the osmunda japonica buds are thicker; meanwhile, the prepared improved soil is matched with the optimal requirement of growth of the osmunda japonica in acidity and fertilizer cultivation, so that the osmunda japonica is thicker and stronger, the milk vetch can grow luxuriantly on the soil of the first planting field, the harvested milk vetch and the harvested leaves are covered, the osmunda japonica can live through the winter better, the osmunda japonica spores in the next year are guaranteed, the milk vetch and the harvested leaves can well supplement the fertility of the first planting field and adjust the acidity through the rot of the milk vetch and the harvested leaf, and the osmunda japonica can be picked every year. The taxus chinensis propagation cost is low, the survival rate is high, the growth is fast, after the main branches are cut off, a large amount of new seedlings can be grown at the tree pocket, the shaded fence can be formed on the periphery of the osmunda japonica quickly, the requirement of the osmunda japonica on the growth environment is met, and meanwhile, the period of the whole forest land transformation is shortened. Certainly, the main functions of the factors are simply explained, the high-yield osmunda japonica thunb can be picked at high yield every year through the mutual coordination of the factors, and the picked osmunda japonica thunb is thick and strong and has good quality.

The detailed scheme is as follows:

the height of the dam ridge is 60-80 cm, the filling thickness of the improved soil is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil, and the bottom of the dam ridge extends into the sandy soil layer. And planting tea trees on a second planting field after the second year, wherein the tea trees are positioned on the inner side of the taxus chinensis trees and are arranged in a staggered mode at intervals with the taxus chinensis trees. The improved soil is prepared by mixing dry land soil, peat soil and topsoil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2, and the bud-promoting fertilizer is prepared by 50kg of topsoil and 10L of urine of human. In the next year, the trunk of the fir tree is already large, short branches at the position of the tree pocket are luxuriant, and the like, a fence is formed outside the ditch, at the moment, a large tea tree seedling is planted inside the ditch, the tea tree likes yin and can well grow, and if the tea tree is planted, the ground surface height of the second planting field can be set to be larger than that of the first planting field, so that multiple crops are interplanted, and the whole economic benefit is improved. Moreover, the taxus chinensis and the osmunda japonica are crops without insect pests, and the phenomenon that the diseases and insect pests are easy to occur in the large-piece tea planting can be eliminated through interplanting, so that the economic benefit of the whole agriculture is improved.

The fig can be well interplanted with the fir and the osmunda japonica, the yield of the single-plant fig is improved, the fig is resistant to fertilizer, no pest and disease damage is caused, the fig can be pulled during planting, and the fig fruit tree is prevented from being overhigh.

In addition, the selenium-rich fertilizer obtained by mixing, compacting and composting the livestock and poultry manure rich in organic selenium with weeds, lime and cake fertilizer and the application of the organic selenium fertilizer in the fruit expansion period can effectively absorb the organic selenium by the figs, so that the selenium content in the figs is more than three times of that of common figs, and the health-care fruits are obtained. The fruit tree water flush fertilizer is used before the organic selenium fertilizer, can effectively promote the absorption of the fruit tree on the organic selenium fertilizer, and can also achieve the effects of color increasing, sweetening, strong disease resistance, fruit cracking prevention, early ripening, mellow fruit, storage resistance and the like.

According to the technical scheme, the yield and the quality of the osmunda japonica can be remarkably improved, the osmunda japonica can be picked every year after the third year, the yield of the single plant of the fig is high, and the economic benefit of the whole agricultural planting is remarkably improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a slope surface provided with a ditch;

fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the slope.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.

The following examples 1 to 2 are carried out in a cool wind farm (Yuexi county lotus village cool wind group) jointly developed by Anqingwan Chimu agricultural science and technology limited company, Uygur lake Hengnuo energy technology limited company and Yuexi county Hongsheng agricultural science and technology limited company, wherein the spores are tender white spores emitted from roots of osmunda japonica, the spores are picked after growing into the osmunda japonica, dilute excrement water is prepared by mixing human urine and 2 times of water, and the urea water is prepared from 100 to 200g of urea and 1L of water. In the following examples 1 and 2, the specific application amount of the fertilizer, which is not specified, can be determined by those skilled in the art according to the effect and the application period of the fertilizer, so as to ensure the reliable planting of crops. In the present invention, the percentages of the components are mass concentrations unless otherwise specified.

The fruit tree water flush fertilizer applied at the initial stage of fruit expansion period is the water flush fertilizer for the fruit trees of Yunzheng brand produced by Zhengzhou Yunzheng agriculture science and technology limited company, the application method is that the water flush fertilizer is diluted by 800 times and 1200 times, and the water flush fertilizer is applied by 1.2 kilograms by a dropper per mu; the organic selenium fertilizer sprayed at the end of the expanding period of the fruits is selenium source brand organic selenium fertilizer produced by modern agriculture technology limited company of Anhui selenium, the application method of the organic selenium fertilizer is to dilute 500 times of liquid, uniformly spray the liquid on the leaves of the crops, and spray the liquid twice at intervals, wherein each time is 7 days; the spraying amount is determined according to the tree form and the age of the tree, the tree form and the age of the tree are large, the spraying amount is correspondingly increased, and generally 1L-1.3L per mu. Certainly, the fruit tree water flush fertilizer and the organic selenium fertilizer produced by other companies can be used, and the same effect is achieved. The livestock manure is feces collected by feeding livestock; pulverizing and mixing sorghum, wheat and soybean according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate according to a mass ratio of 1:5, adding water, fermenting at 28 ℃ for 70 days, mixing the fermented product with feed for feeding livestock and poultry, and collecting the feces of the livestock and poultry.

Example 1

The method comprises the steps of building a fire line on a selected mountain slope forest land to smelt the mountain, burning the land thoroughly on a sunny day, shoveling tree roots and grass roots after burning the land, preparing the mountain slope forest land into a step shape, respectively arranging planting lands 11 after preparation along the contour lines of the mountain slope, adopting stones to stack dam banks 12 outside the slope surface between the adjacent planting lands 11, arranging a ditch 13 in the middle of each planting land 11, arranging water ditches 13 along the length direction of the planting lands 11, arranging partition sections 131 in the water ditches 13 along the length direction, dividing the water ditches 13 into water tanks by the partition sections 131, respectively arranging a first water flowing port 132 and a second water flowing port 132 on the partition sections 131 at two ends of each water tank, arranging a third water flowing port 133 on the wall of the outer side of each water tank, keeping the height of the third water flowing port 133 on the same water tank consistent with the height of the water flowing port with the lower height of the first water flowing port and the second water flowing port 132 (if the height of the first water flowing port is lower than the height, the height of the third water flowing port 133 is consistent with that of the first water flowing port), the third water flowing ports 133 on the adjacent ditches 13 are arranged in a staggered manner at intervals, the partition sections 131 on the adjacent ditches 13 are arranged in a staggered manner at intervals, the top ditches 13 of the mountain slope forest land are connected with a water supply device, the outer side of the upper parts of the dam ridges 12 is provided with horizontal spray pipes 14, the pipe bodies of the spray pipes 14 are provided with spray holes at intervals, the water outlet directions of the spray holes are obliquely directed to the side walls of the dam ridges 12, the planting land 11 is divided into a first planting land 111 positioned on the inner side of the ditch 13 and a second planting land 112 positioned on the outer side of the dam ridges 13 by the ditches 13, the first planting land 111 is filled with improved soil, the improved soil is dry land soil, peat soil and burnt soil are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2, the dry land soil is paddy soil taken after the paddy field is drained and dried in the sun, crops are sown for 2-3 times, the fire-fertile soil is prepared by mixing fire ash formed by burning straws, branches and leaves and weeds with forest land soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 2; the height of the dam ridge 12 is 60-80 cm, the filling thickness of the improved soil is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer 15 is arranged on the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil, the bottom of the dam ridge 12 extends into the sandy soil layer 15, the width of the first planting field 111 is 30-40 cm, and the width of the second planting field 112 is 2-2.2 m;

planting 4-5 years old fir 11b seedlings on a second planting field 112 at intervals in spring of the year, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5m, cutting off the trunk of the fir 11b seedlings after the fir 11b seedlings survive, performing preservative treatment on the cut parts, growing fir 11b seedlings at the tree canopies of the fir 11b in clusters, digging a 50-55 cm deep planting hole at the outer side of the fir seedlings, applying 5-8 kg of decomposed fertilizer in the planting hole, planting soil-bearing fig cutting seedlings (purchased from nursery stations) in the planting holes, watering sufficient root fixing water, wherein the plant spacing of the figs is 1.5-2.0 m, cutting off figs along the height of the cutting seedlings by 20-22 cm, shaping the figs by adopting a three-main-branch natural open-core/Y-shaped whole-branch mode, performing primary fertilization on the decomposed fertilizer, wherein the decomposed fertilizer comprises 155 parts by weight of green manure, 30 parts by weight of poultry manure, 8 parts by weight of lime and 10 parts by weight of dry land, and watering the decomposed soil once to obtain 20d of a thin and fertilizing soil, the dilute fertilizer water contains 5% of ammonium sulfate. Planting the artificially propagated osmund seedlings 11a at intervals on the first planting field 111 close to the bottom of the dam bank 12 in autumn of the same year, wherein the width of a planting hole is 20-25 cm, the planting hole is 20 multiplied by 20cm, the planting is carried out according to the plant spacing of 15cm, when the osmund seedlings are transplanted, the osmund seedlings 11a are transplanted with soil without damaging root systems, after planting, root fixing water is poured, water is poured in the ditch 13, the height of the water surface in the ditch 13 is 12-17 cm lower than the height of the ground surface of the first planting field 111, after frost falls, the irrigation is stopped, a layer of leaves is laid on the ground surface of the first planting field 111, and the fallen leaves of the mixed trees and pine needles can be selected for laying;

irrigating after the eclipta in the second year, beginning bud buds of the osmunda japonica in 4-5 months, opening water spray holes at night every day for spraying for 3-5 min after the bud buds, topdressing and seedling lifting by using diluted liquid manure or urea water before and after spores, not picking the osmunda japonica in the first year by the bud buds, trimming 11b trees of the cephalotaxus chinensis, reserving one main branch, picking the tops of the other cephalotaxus chinensis seedlings to enable the heights of the seedlings to be 1.4-1.6 m, trimming the main branches of the figs in the second year, keeping the lengths of the main branches to be 50-55 cm, reserving 3-4 new tips on each main branch, applying compound fertilizer once for a vigorous growth period of new tips, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 90kg per mu, the compound fertilizer is 20 parts by weight of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 30 parts by weight of poultry manure and 5 parts by weight of urea, mixing and preparing the fruits and vegetables and fruits after fruiting; in autumn of the next year, the milk vetch is sowed on the first planting field 111, the milk vetch is cut and collected after being mature, the milk vetch and leaves are paved on the ground surface of the first planting field 111 together, and irrigation is stopped after frost falls;

from the third year onwards, the following operations are repeated each year: irrigating after the frightening, applying a bud-assisting fertilizer to the osmunda japonica in 3 and 4 months, topdressing and seedling lifting by using diluted liquid manure or urea water before or after spores, opening water spray holes at night every day after bud buds for 3-5 min, picking the osmunda japonica 3-4 times in 4-5 months, not damaging roots during picking, applying the diluted liquid manure once after each picking, and trimming short branches of 11b trees of the picea japonica to ensure that the height of the short branches is not more than 1.5 m. Pruning the side branches of the fig to ensure that the side branches are 30-35 cm in length, reserving 1-2 new tips on each side branch, pruning to ensure that the length of the new tips is not more than 20cm, pruning branches with few new tips on the side branches every year after the fourth year, (selecting and reserving 1-2 robust young shoots on each branch), and applying compound fertilizers once before leaf falling and during the vigorous growth period of the young shoots, wherein the application amount of each compound fertilizer is 70-75 kg per mu; applying fruit tree water flush fertilizer at the initial stage of the fruit expansion period of the figs, and spraying organic selenium fertilizer at the final stage of the fruit expansion period; in autumn, the milk vetch is sown in the first planting field 111, the milk vetch is harvested after being mature and is paved on the ground surface of the first planting field 111 together with leaves, irrigation is stopped after frost, and the bud-aid fertilizer is prepared from 50kg of fire-fertile soil and 10L of urine of people.

Example 2

The method comprises the steps of building a fire line on a selected mountain slope forest land to smelt the mountain, burning the land thoroughly on a sunny day, shoveling tree roots and grass roots after burning the land, preparing the mountain slope forest land into a step shape, respectively arranging planting lands 11 after preparation along the contour lines of the mountain slope, adopting stones to stack dam banks 12 outside the slope surface between the adjacent planting lands 11, arranging a ditch 13 in the middle of each planting land 11, arranging water ditches 13 along the length direction of the planting lands 11, arranging partition sections 131 in the water ditches 13 along the length direction, dividing the water ditches 13 into water tanks by the partition sections 131, respectively arranging a first water flowing port 132 and a second water flowing port 132 on the partition sections 131 at two ends of each water tank, arranging a third water flowing port 133 on the wall of the outer side of each water tank, keeping the height of the third water flowing port 133 on the same water tank consistent with the height of the water flowing port with the lower height of the first water flowing port and the second water flowing port 132 (if the height of the first water flowing port is lower than the height, the height of the third water flowing port 133 is consistent with that of the first water flowing port), the third water flowing ports 133 on the adjacent ditches 13 are arranged in a staggered manner at intervals, the partition sections 131 on the adjacent ditches 13 are arranged in a staggered manner at intervals, the top ditches 13 of the mountain slope forest land are connected with a water supply device, the outer sides of the upper parts of the dam ridges 12 are provided with water spraying pipes 14 which are arranged transversely, the pipe bodies of the water spraying pipes 14 are provided with spray heads at intervals, the water outlet directions of the spray heads are obliquely directed to the side walls of the dam ridges 12, the ditches 13 divide the planting field 11 into a first planting field 111 positioned on the inner side of the ditches 13 and a second planting field 112 positioned on the outer side of the ditches 13, the first planting field 111 is filled and prepared by adopting improved soil, the improved soil is dry field soil, peat soil and burnt soil are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 0.8:1:0.4, the dry field soil is taken after the paddy field is drained and the paddy field is sunned for 3-6 months, crops are not sowed in, the fire-fertile soil is prepared by mixing fire ash burnt by straws, branches and leaves and weeds with forest land soil (the native soil of a mountain slope forest land) according to the weight ratio of 1: 3; the height of the dam ridge 12 is 60-80 cm, the filling thickness of the improved soil is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil, the bottom of the dam ridge 12 extends into the sandy soil layer, the width of the first planting field 111 is 30-40 cm, and the width of the second planting field 112 is 2-2.2 m;

planting 4-5 years old fir 11b seedlings on a second planting field 112 at intervals in spring of the year, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5m, cutting off the trunk of the fir 11b seedlings after the fir 11b seedlings survive, performing preservative treatment on the cut parts, growing fir 11b seedlings at the tree pockets of the fir 11b in clusters, digging 50-55 cm-deep planting holes at the outer sides of the fir seedlings, applying 5-8 kg of decomposed fertilizer in the planting holes, planting soil-bearing fig cutting seedlings (purchased from nursery stations) in the planting holes, watering sufficient root fixing water, wherein the plant spacing of the figs is 1.5-2.0 m, cutting off figs along the height of the cutting seedlings by 20-22 cm, shaping the figs by adopting a three-main-branch natural open-heart/Y-shaped whole-branch mode, performing shaping on the figs by using 150 parts by weight of green manure, 35 parts by weight of livestock manure, 5 parts by weight of lime and 15 parts by weight of dry lime, performing primary cutting to obtain 20d of decomposed fertilizer, and watering the diluted fertilizer soil after cutting, the dilute fertilizer water contains 5% of ammonium sulfate. Planting wild osmunda seedlings 11a on a first planting field 111 close to the bottom of a dam ridge 12 at intervals in autumn of the same year, planting holes are 20-25 cm in width and 20 multiplied by 20cm in size, planting is carried out according to the plant spacing of 15cm, when transplanting is carried out, the osmunda seedlings 11a are transplanted with soil without damaging root systems, after planting, root fixing water is poured, water is poured in a ditch 13, the height of the water surface in the ditch 13 is 12-17 cm lower than the height of the ground surface of the first planting field 111, after frost falls, the irrigation is stopped, a layer of leaves is laid on the ground surface of the first planting field 111, and the fallen leaves of the mixed trees and pine needles can be selected for laying;

irrigating after the eclipta in the second year, beginning bud buds of osmunda japonica in 4-5 months, opening a spray head at night every day after bud buds for 3-5 min for fog spraying, topdressing and seedling lifting with diluted liquid manure or urea water before and after spores, not picking osmunda japonica in the first year by bud buds, trimming 11b trees of the cephalotaxus chinensis, reserving one main branch, picking the tops of the other cephalotaxus chinensis seedlings to enable the heights to be 1.4-1.6 m, trimming the main branches of figs in the second year, keeping the lengths of the main branches to be 50-55 cm, reserving 3-4 new tips on each main branch, applying compound fertilizer once for a vigorous growth period of new tips, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 100kg per mu, the compound fertilizer is 20 parts by weight of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 30 parts by weight of poultry manure and 5 parts by weight of urea, and mixing and preparing fruits after fruits are yielded; in autumn of the next year, the milk vetch is sowed on the first planting field 111, the milk vetch is cut and collected after being mature, the milk vetch and leaves are paved on the ground surface of the first planting field 111 together, and irrigation is stopped after frost falls;

from the third year onwards, the following operations are repeated each year: irrigating after the frightening, applying a bud-assisting fertilizer to the osmunda japonica in 3 and 4 months, topdressing and seedling lifting are performed by using diluted liquid manure or urea water before and after spores, opening a spray head to perform fog spraying for 3-5 min every night after bud buds, picking the osmunda japonica for 3-4 times in 4-5 months, not damaging roots during picking, applying the diluted liquid manure once after each picking, and trimming short branches of 11b trees of the picea japonica to ensure that the height of the short branches is not more than 1.5 m. Pruning the side branches of the fig to ensure that the side branches are 30-35 cm in length, reserving 1-2 new tips on each side branch, pruning to ensure that the length of the new tips is not more than 20cm, pruning branches with few new tips on the side branches and selecting and reserving 1-2 robust young shoots after the fourth year, respectively applying compound fertilizers once before leaf falling for a vigorous period of the young shoots, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizers every time is 70-75 kg per mu; applying fruit tree water flush fertilizer at the initial stage of the fruit expansion period of the figs, and spraying organic selenium fertilizer at the final stage of the fruit expansion period; in autumn, the milk vetch is sown in the first planting area 111, the milk vetch is harvested after being mature and is paved on the ground surface of the first planting area 111 together with leaves, irrigation is stopped after frost, the germination-assisting fertilizer is prepared by mixing fire fertile soil and urea according to the weight ratio of 100:5, and the urea is dissolved by water before preparation and then is mixed with the fire fertile soil for preparation.

In the above examples 1 and 2, the planting amount of each mu of osmunda japonica is 2000-2500, 350 kg of fresh osmunda japonica is produced per mu of year, the length of the picked fresh osmunda japonica is 15-20 cm, the root diameter of the root of the fresh osmunda japonica is 0.8-1.2 cm, and the fibrosis degree of the fresh osmunda japonica is low.

The method is characterized by being used for planting the fresh osmunda japonica thunb in the traditional flat ground, wherein the planting amount of the osmunda japonica thunb per mu is 4500-6000, 300 kilograms of fresh osmunda japonica thunb are produced per mu in each year, the length of the picked fresh osmunda japonica thunb is 15-20 cm, the root diameter of the root of the fresh osmunda japonica thunb is 0.3-0.6 cm, and the surface fibrosis degree of the fresh osmunda japonica thunb is.

In the third year, 2.5-3.0 kg of fig can be grown in each fig plant, the yield is higher than that of a single plant with a large area for independently planting fig by 2.0-2.5 kg, and the selenium content in fig is more than three times of that in common fig. In addition, the economic benefit of agricultural planting can be improved by 4-5 times through interplanting.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art, after learning the present disclosure, can make several equivalent changes and substitutions without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these equivalent changes and substitutions should also be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on an improved slope land refers to a method for planting osmunda japonica, taxus chinensis and figs on a hillside forest land, and specifically comprises the following operation steps:

s1: the method comprises the steps of preparing hillside forest lands in a stepped manner, arranging planting lands after land preparation along contour lines of hillsides respectively, building dam banks on the outer sides of slopes between adjacent planting lands by adopting stones, arranging ditches in the middle of each planting land, arranging the ditches along the length direction of the planting lands, arranging partition sections in the ditches along the length direction at intervals, dividing the ditches into water tanks by the partition sections, arranging a first water flow port and a second water flow port on the partition sections at two ends of each water tank respectively, arranging a third water flow port on the wall of the outer side of each water tank, keeping the height of the third water flow port on the same water tank consistent with the height of the water flow port with the lower height in the first water flow port and the second water flow port, arranging the third water flow ports on the adjacent ditches in a staggered manner at intervals, connecting the ditches at the tops of the hillside forest lands with a water supply device, arranging water spraying pipes transversely outside the upper parts of the dam banks, and arranging water spraying holes, the water outlet direction of the water spray holes/nozzles obliquely points to the side wall of the dam ridge, the ditch divides a planting field into a first planting field and a second planting field, the first planting field is formed by filling and shaping improved soil, the improved soil is dry field soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil which are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 0.5-0.8: 1: 0.2-0.4, the dry field soil is rice field soil taken after the paddy field drains water and is exposed to the sun for 3-6 months, crops are not sown during the period of exposure to the sun and are turned over for 2-3 times, and the fire fertile soil is prepared by mixing ash formed by burning straws, branches and leaves and weeds and forest soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-3;

s2: planting the cryptomeria spinosa which grows for 4-5 years on a second planting field at intervals in spring of the year, cutting off the trunk of the cryptomeria spinosa after the cryptomeria spinosa survives, performing preservative treatment on the cut-off part, growing cryptomeria spinosa seedlings in clusters at the root of the cryptomeria spinosa, digging a fixed planting hole with the depth of 50-55 cm on the outer side of the cryptomeria spinosa, applying 5-8 kg of decomposed fertilizer into the fixed planting hole, planting the cuttage seedlings of the figs with soil in the fixed planting hole, sufficiently watering root water, cutting off the figs with the plant spacing of 1.5-2.0 m along the height of the cuttage seedlings of 20-22 cm, shaping the figs by adopting a three-main-branch natural core-opening/Y-shaped pruning mode, wherein the decomposed fertilizer is 150-155 parts by weight of green manure, 30-35 parts by weight of poultry manure, 5-8 parts by weight of lime and 10-15 parts by weight of dry field soil are subjected to decomposed treatment, applying diluted fertilizer once after 20d, watering 5% of dilute water fertilizer, and artificially breeding the wild autumn seedlings of the same year-autumn of the first planted in the first planting field Planting at intervals, irrigating in the ditch, stopping irrigation after frost fall, and paving a layer of leaves on the ground surface of the first planting field, wherein the height of the water surface in the ditch is 12-17 cm lower than that of the ground surface of the first planting field;

s3: irrigating after the frightened dormancy in the second year, starting bud buds of the osmunda japonica in 4-5 months, opening water spraying holes/nozzles at night after the bud buds for spraying/mist spraying for 3-5 min every day, not picking the osmunda japonica in the first year, trimming the cephalotaxus fortunei, reserving a main branch, and picking the tops of the rest cephalotaxus fortunei seedlings to enable the heights of the cephalotaxus fortunei to be 1.4-1.6 m; pruning main branches of figs, keeping the length of the main branches to be 50-55 cm, keeping 3-4 new tips on each main branch, applying compound fertilizer once for a long time when young shoots grow, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 90-100 kg per mu, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20 parts by weight of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 30 parts by weight of livestock manure and 5 parts by weight of urea, and thinning fruits after fruits are obtained; in autumn of the next year, the milk vetch is sowed on the first planting land, the milk vetch is cut and collected after being mature and is paved on the ground surface of the first planting land together with leaves, and the irrigation is stopped after the frost falls;

s4: from the third year onwards, the following operations are repeated each year: irrigating after the eclipta, applying a bud-assisting fertilizer to the osmunda japonica once in 3-4 months, opening a water spraying hole/nozzle to perform spraying/mist spraying for 3-5 min at night after bud, picking the osmunda japonica 3-4 times in 4-5 months, and trimming short branches of the taxus chinensis to ensure that the height of the short branches is not more than 1.5 m; pruning the side branches of the fig to ensure that the side branches are 30-35 cm in length, reserving 1-2 new tips on each side branch, pruning to ensure that the length of the new tips is not more than 20cm, pruning branches with few new tips on the side branches and selecting and reserving 1-2 robust young shoots after the fourth year, respectively applying compound fertilizers once before leaf falling for a vigorous period of the young shoots, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizers every time is 70-75 kg per mu; applying fruit tree water flush fertilizer at the initial stage of the fruit expansion period, and spraying organic selenium fertilizer at the final stage of the fruit expansion period; in autumn, the milk vetch is sowed in the first planting field, the milk vetch is cut and harvested after being mature and is paved on the ground surface of the first planting field together with leaves, the irrigation is stopped after the frost fall, and the bud-aid fertilizer is prepared by mixing fire-fat soil and human and animal urine/urea;

2. The method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on an improved sloping field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the height of the dam ridge is 60-80 cm, the filling thickness of the improved soil is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil, and the bottom of the dam ridge extends into the sandy soil layer.

3. The method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on an improved sloping field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the improved soil is prepared by mixing dry land soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1: 0.2.

4. The method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on an improved sloping field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the germination-assisting fertilizer is prepared from 50kg of fire-fertilizing soil and 10L of human and animal urine.