CN104686158B - A method for improving high-yield interplanting selenium-enriched camellia tree on hillside woodland - Google Patents
A method for improving high-yield interplanting selenium-enriched camellia tree on hillside woodland Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种山坡林地改良高产套种富硒油茶树的方法,是指在山坡林地联合种植薇菜和油茶的方法,具体包括整地、栽植、修剪和施肥,油茶树第一年是保成活,需要低浓度肥浇肥和全部疏花,第二年是保壮苗,需要新梢萌动前需要施加速氮肥、有机硒肥,第三年以及以后是保产量,需要增大有机肥和磷钾肥的施加量。套种油茶树,可实现单株油茶树的高产和富含有机硒,提高农林种植的经济效益。
The invention relates to a method for improving high-yield and interplanting selenium-enriched camellia oleifera trees in hillside woodland, and refers to a method for joint planting of Mikaria oleifera and Camellia oleifera in hillside woodland, which specifically includes land preparation, planting, pruning and fertilization. Low-concentration fertilizers and all flower thinning are required. The second year is to maintain strong seedlings. Before new shoots sprout, fast nitrogen fertilizer and organic selenium fertilizer need to be applied. The third year and later is to maintain yield, and organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be increased. amount of application. Interplanting Camellia oleifera trees can achieve high yield and rich organic selenium of a single Camellia oleifera tree, and improve the economic benefits of agricultural and forestry planting.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及农业生产领域,具体涉及一种山坡林地改良高产套种富硒油茶树的方法。The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for improving high-yield interplanting of selenium-enriched camellia trees on hillside woodland.
背景技术Background technique
薇菜,学名紫箕,属多年生蕨类植物,在大别山山区有广泛的存在。薇菜中含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素以及钾、钙、鳞等多种微量元素,薇菜不仅可制成美味的菜肴,更具有抗癌、清热、解毒、减肥、美容等功效,同时对流感、乙型脑炎等病毒具有明显的抑制作用,是长期出口、畅销海外的蔬菜,特别是出口至日本。Myrtle, scientific name Ziji, is a perennial fern that exists widely in the Dabie Mountains. Weed is rich in protein, vitamins and various trace elements such as potassium, calcium, and scales. Weed can not only be made into delicious dishes, but also has anti-cancer, heat-clearing, detoxification, weight loss, beauty and other effects. Viruses such as Japanese encephalitis have obvious inhibitory effects, and are long-term export and best-selling vegetables overseas, especially to Japan.
目前,薇菜大多是野外采集,虽然也有地方实验人工种植,但是其产量低,采集的薇菜茎细,品质差,而且采摘一、两年后薇菜就会枯死或不再苞芽。At present, most of the mycelium is collected from the wild. Although there are also local experiments and artificial planting, its yield is low. The collected myrtle has thin stems and poor quality. After one or two years of picking, the myrtle will wither or no longer bud.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的就是提供一种山坡林地改良高产套种富硒油茶树的方法,其可有效解决上述问题,薇菜的产量高,而且薇菜粗壮,品质好,可以长期采摘,不会减产,同套种油茶树,可实现单株油茶树的高产,提高农林种植的经济效益。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving high-yield intercropping of selenium-rich camellia oleifera trees in hillside woodland, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems. Interplanting camellia oleifera trees can achieve high yield of single camellia oleifera trees and improve the economic benefits of agricultural and forestry planting.
为实现上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted the following technical solutions:
一种山坡林地改良高产套种富硒油茶树的方法,是指在山坡林地联合种植薇菜和油茶树的方法,具体包括如下操作步骤:A method for improving high-yield and interplanting selenium-enriched Camellia oleifera trees in hillside woodlands, refers to a method for jointly planting Myrtle and Camellia oleifera trees on hillside woodlands, and specifically includes the following operation steps:
S1:将山坡林地整地成阶梯式,整地后的各种植地分别沿山坡的等高线开设,相邻种植地之间的坡面外侧采用石块堆筑坝埂,各种植地中部开设有水沟,水沟沿种植地的长度方向开设且水沟内内沿其长度方向间隔设置隔段,隔段将水沟分隔成各水槽,各水槽的两端隔段上分别设置第一、二流水口,水槽外侧的槽壁上开设第三流水口,同一水槽上第三流水口的高度与第一、二流水口中高度较小的流水口的高度保持一致,相邻水沟上的隔段和第三流水口分别呈间隔交错状布置,山坡林地的顶部水沟与供水装置相连接,坝埂的上部外侧设置有横状布置的喷水管,喷水管的管身上间隔设置有喷水孔/喷头,喷水孔/喷头的出水方向斜向指向坝埂的侧壁,水沟将种植地划分为位于水沟内侧的第一种植地和位于水沟外侧的第二种植地,第一种植地采用改良土壤填整而成,改良土壤为旱田土、泥炭土和火肥土按照0.5:1:0.2~0.8:1:0.4的重量比混合配制得到,旱田土为水稻田排水晒田3~6月后所取的稻田土,晒田期间未播种作物且翻土2~3次,火肥土为秸秆、树枝叶、杂草烧成的火灰与林地土按照1:2~3的重量比混合配制得到;S1: The hillside forest land is prepared in a step-like manner. After the land preparation, each planting area is opened along the contour line of the hillside. The outside of the slope between adjacent planting areas is built with stone piles. The middle of each planting area is provided with water. ditch, the ditch is opened along the length direction of the planting ground and the partitions are arranged in the ditch along the length direction. , a third water outlet is set on the groove wall outside the water tank, and the height of the third water outlet on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the water outlet with the smaller height among the first and second water outlets. The three water outlets are arranged at intervals and staggered. The top water ditch of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device. The upper and outer sides of the dam ridge are provided with horizontally arranged water spray pipes. Sprinklers, the water outlet direction of the spray holes/sprinklers points obliquely to the side wall of the dam ridge, and the water ditch divides the planting land into the first planting land located on the inside of the water ditch and the second planting land located outside the water ditch. The first planting land It is filled with improved soil. The improved soil is prepared by mixing dry field soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil in a weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2~0.8:1:0.4. The dry field soil is a paddy field with drainage and drying. The paddy field soil taken after a month, no crops were sown during the drying period, and the soil was turned over 2 to 3 times. mixed and prepared;
S2:第一年3~4月份在第二种植地上开挖50~55cm深的栽植穴,将2~3年生油茶树树苗栽种在栽植穴内,一层土一层基肥对栽植穴进行回填,茶油栽种后的20d,浇筑一次稀肥水,一级稀肥水中含有2%尿素和0.2%氯化钾,基肥为10重量份的绿肥、2重量份的石灰、15重量份的禽畜粪肥和8重量份的饼肥混合腐熟得到;8月份时在茶油树的树兜周边开设环形槽,在环形槽内施加100g氮肥,茶油树开花后进行疏花;在同年的秋季将人工繁殖/野生的薇菜苗在第一种植地上紧邻坝埂底部处间隔进行栽植,并在水沟内灌水,且水沟内的水面高度低于第一种植地的地表高度12~17cm,霜降后停止灌溉并在第一种植地的地表铺盖一层树叶;S2: From March to April of the first year, excavate a 50-55cm deep planting hole on the second planting ground, plant 2-3 year old Camellia oleifera saplings in the planting hole, and backfill the planting hole with a layer of soil and a layer of base fertilizer. 20d after oil planting, pouring a dilute fertilizer water, the first-grade dilute fertilizer water contains 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride, and the base fertilizer is 10 parts by weight of green manure, 2 parts by weight of lime, 15 parts by weight of livestock manure and 8 parts by weight of livestock manure. The cake fertilizer of the weight portion is obtained by mixing and decomposing; in August, an annular groove is opened around the tree pocket of the camellia oil tree, and 100 g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the annular groove, and the camellia oil tree is flowered after flowering; in the autumn of the same year, artificial propagation/wild Weed seedlings are planted at intervals on the first planting ground next to the bottom of the dam ridge, and irrigated in the ditch, and the water surface height in the ditch is 12-17 cm lower than the surface height of the first planting ground. The surface of a plantation is covered with a layer of leaves;
S3:第二年惊蛰后开始灌溉,4~5月份薇菜开始苞芽,苞芽后每天夜晚打开喷水孔/喷头进行3~5min的撒喷/雾喷,苞芽第一年不对薇菜进行采摘;沿茶油树高100~110cm处进行摘心,采用自然开心形整枝方式对油茶树进行整形,主干上保留5~7个主枝,并在3月末对第二种植地进行翻整并在树根处施加500g氮肥,10月份时在茶油树的树兜周边开设环形槽,在环形槽内施加500g磷钾肥和2kg生物有机肥,茶油树开花后进行疏花;第二年秋天在第一、二种植地上撒播黑麦草,黑麦草种子播种前每1kg种子加2kg枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液和1.5g钼酸铵浸种4~4.5h,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液为枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液稀释10倍配制而成,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液中OD600为0.8~1.0,浸种后黑麦草种子与8kg钙镁磷肥、10kg火肥土拌均进行撒播,黑麦草种子的亩撒播量为0.8kg,黑麦草生长至株高40~45cm时进行第一次收割作为农畜牧草,第一次收割时留茬5~8cm,促进黑麦草分蘖和再生,黑麦草再次生长至株高35~40cm时,第一种植地上黑麦草割收后和树叶一起铺盖在第一种植地的地表,第二次收割时留茬1~3cm,第二种植地上将其就地翻埋,霜降后停止灌溉;S3: Irrigation is started after the sting in the second year, and sprouted stalks start from April to May. After the buds, open the spray holes/nozzles for 3 to 5 minutes of spraying/mist spraying. Picking; topping along the height of the camellia tree 100-110cm, using the natural happy-shaped pruning method to shape the camellia tree, retaining 5-7 main branches on the trunk, and turning the second planting site at the end of March. Apply 500g nitrogen fertilizer at the root of the tree, open an annular groove around the tree pocket of the camellia oil tree in October, apply 500g phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 2kg bio-organic fertilizer in the annular groove, and thin the flowers after the camellia oil tree blooms; the following autumn Sow ryegrass on the first and second planting grounds. Before sowing ryegrass seeds, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacteria solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate to each 1kg of seeds to soak for 4 to 4.5 hours. Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacteria solution is Bacillus subtilis GB03 It is prepared by diluting the mother liquor 10 times. The OD 600 in the mother liquor of Bacillus subtilis GB03 is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg fire fertile soil for spreading. kg, when the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm, the first harvest is carried out as agricultural livestock grass, and 5-8cm of stubble is left during the first harvest to promote the tillering and regeneration of the ryegrass, and the ryegrass grows again to a plant height of 35-40cm When the ryegrass on the first planting ground is harvested, it will be covered with the leaves on the surface of the first planting ground, and the stubble of 1-3 cm will be left during the second harvesting, and it will be buried on the second planting ground.
S4:从第三年开始,每年重复如下操作:惊蛰后开始灌溉,并在3、4月份对薇菜施加一次助芽肥,苞芽后每天夜晚打开喷水孔/喷头进行3~5min的撒喷/雾喷,4~5月份对薇菜采摘3~4次;对油茶树主枝进行拉条,使得主枝与树干之间的夹角为40~45°,对主枝上的侧枝进行修剪并修剪使得主枝的顶端高度不超过3.5m,新稍萌动前每株施加800g氮肥,10月份时每株施加800g磷钾肥和5kg生物有机肥;油茶树果实膨大期施加果树冲施肥,油茶树果实成熟期喷洒有机硒肥;秋天在第一、二种植地上撒播黑麦草,黑麦草种子播种前每1kg种子加2kg枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液和1.5g钼酸铵浸种4~4.5h,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液为枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液稀释10倍配制而成,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液中OD600为0.8~1.0,浸种后黑麦草种子与8kg钙镁磷肥、10kg火肥土拌均进行撒播,黑麦草种子的亩撒播量为0.8kg,黑麦草生长至株高40~45cm时进行第一次收割作为农畜牧草,第一次收割时留茬5~8cm,促进黑麦草分蘖和再生,黑麦草再次生长至株高35~40cm时,第一种植地上黑麦草割收后和树叶一起铺盖在第一种植地的地表,第二次收割时留茬1~3cm,第二种植地上将其就地翻埋,霜降后停止灌溉;S4: Starting from the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start irrigation after the sting, and apply bud-facilitating fertilizer once in March and April. After bud buds, open the water holes/sprinklers for 3-5 minutes of spraying Spray / mist spray, pick 3 to 4 times from April to May; pull the main branch of Camellia oleifera so that the angle between the main branch and the trunk is 40 to 45°, and carry out the treatment on the side branches on the main branch. Pruning and pruning so that the top of the main branch does not exceed 3.5m, apply 800g nitrogen fertilizer to each plant before the new sprouts germinate, and apply 800g phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 5kg bio-organic fertilizer to each plant in October. Organic selenium fertilizer was sprayed at the ripening stage of tea tree fruit; ryegrass were sown on the first and second planting grounds in autumn. Before sowing ryegrass seeds, 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate were added to each 1kg of seeds for soaking for 4 to 4.5 hours. Bacillus GB03 bacterial solution is prepared by diluting Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution by 10 times. The OD 600 of Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution is 0.8 to 1.0. After soaking, ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg fire fertilizer and soil for spreading. , the ryegrass seed per mu sowing amount is 0.8kg. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm, the first harvest is carried out as agricultural livestock grass, and 5-8cm of stubble is left during the first harvest to promote the tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a height of 35-40cm again, the ryegrass on the first planting ground is harvested and covered with the leaves on the surface of the first planting ground. The stubble of 1-3 cm is left on the second planting ground. burial in situ, and stop irrigation after frost falls;
禽畜粪肥为饲养畜禽收集的粪便;按照6:3:1的质量比将高粱、小麦、大豆粉碎混合配制成发酵底物,按照1:5的质量比将酵母硒和发酵底物混匀,加水在28℃下发酵处理70天,将发酵的产物和饲料进行混合用于饲养畜禽,对畜禽的粪便进行收集。Poultry manure is the manure collected by raising livestock and poultry; sorghum, wheat and soybean are crushed and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5 , adding water and fermenting at 28°C for 70 days, the fermented product and feed were mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the excrement of livestock and poultry was collected.
薇菜的种植,最主要的就是水肥的控制,薇菜喜水喜阴,但是也怕水涝,而且对生长土壤极为苛刻。本发明通过上述山坡林地的改造,水沟构成的灌溉系统,能够使得水流均匀的灌溉整个山坡林地,同时水沟内的水位控制的低于第一种植地地表12~17cm,保证薇菜的喜水灌溉且不会出现水涝,薇菜靠近坝埂底部进行栽种,要远比平地种植效果要好,薇菜受坝埂的影响,使得新发的茎叶向远离坝埂一侧生长,使得其内的植物激素刺激根部萌发出更多的芽孢,提高产量,同时坝埂的设置,可以使得第一种植地上方水流不从第一种植地的地表流淌而从其下部渗透到水沟内,防止薇菜水涝,另外,石块堆筑的坝埂,可在林地改造的初期起到固定作用,防止雨季时滑坡导致山坡林地被毁;喷水孔/喷头在夜晚短时喷淋,模拟雨水天,使得部分雨水稀疏喷淋在薇菜芽上,促进薇菜芽的成长,使得薇菜芽更加粗壮;同时上述配制的改良土壤,在酸度和肥养上更与薇菜生长的最佳需求相吻合,使得薇菜更加粗壮,另外紫云英可以在第一种植地的土质上繁茂生长,收割的紫云英、树叶进行覆盖,使得薇菜能够更好地越冬,保证薇菜来年发芽孢,紫云英、树叶的腐烂以及助芽肥的施加能够很好的补充第一种植地的肥力和调节酸度,使得薇菜每年都能够进行采摘。The most important thing in the planting of weeds is the control of water and fertilizer. Weeds like water and shade, but they are also afraid of waterlogging and are extremely harsh on the growing soil. Through the transformation of the above-mentioned hillside woodland, the irrigation system formed by the ditch can make the water flow evenly irrigate the whole hillside woodland, and at the same time, the water level in the ditch is controlled to be 12-17 cm lower than the surface of the first planting land, so as to ensure the happiness of the weed. Water irrigated and there will be no waterlogging. Planting Mycelia near the bottom of the dam ridge is far better than planting on the flat ground. The Mirena is affected by the dam ridge, so that the new stems and leaves grow to the side away from the dam ridge, making its The plant hormones in the plant stimulate the roots to germinate more spores and increase the yield. At the same time, the setting of the dam can make the water flow above the first planting ground not flow from the surface of the first planting ground but penetrate into the water ditch from the lower part, preventing In addition, the dam ridge built with stones can play a fixed role in the early stage of woodland reconstruction, preventing landslides from destroying the hillside woodland during the rainy season; the water spray holes/sprinklers are sprayed for a short time at night to simulate rainwater In the sky, part of the rainwater is sparsely sprayed on the scallion sprouts, which promotes the growth of the scallion stalks and makes the spruce buds thicker. At the same time, the improved soil prepared above is more suitable for the growth of the scalloped weeds in terms of acidity and fertilizer. It is consistent with this, making the myrtle more sturdy. In addition, astragalus can grow luxuriantly on the soil of the first planting site, and the harvested astragalus and leaves are covered, so that the myrtle can better survive the winter and ensure the spores of the myrtle in the coming year. , Vetch, leaf rot and the application of bud-aiding fertilizer can well supplement the fertility of the first planting field and adjust the acidity, so that the Mikaria can be picked every year.
另外,采用上述方案种植的油茶树,成活率100%,油茶树一年四季都是绿叶,在薇菜的外围形成遮阴的围栏,保证薇菜对生长环境的需求,同时缩短整个林地改造的周期。另外,油茶树和薇菜的联合种植,可以提高农业种植的经济效益。油茶树苗可从育苗厂直接购买得到,能够快速成林,同时,基肥可以保证油茶树苗对养分的需求逐年变化的施肥,也是依据油茶树苗不同时段的生长需求而设定的,油茶树第一年是保成活,需要低浓度肥浇肥和全部疏花,第二年是保壮苗,需要新梢萌动前需要施加速氮肥,第三年以及以后是保产量,需要增大有机肥和磷钾肥的施加量。另外,油茶树的整形,保证油茶树大量结果以及对薇菜进行合理的遮阴。In addition, the Camellia oleifera tree planted with the above scheme has a survival rate of 100%. The Camellia oleifera tree has green leaves all year round, and a shading fence is formed on the periphery of the Myrtle to ensure the growth environment of the Myrtle, and at the same time shorten the transformation of the entire woodland. cycle. In addition, the joint planting of Camellia oleifera and Myrtle can improve the economic benefits of agricultural planting. Camellia oleifera saplings can be purchased directly from the seedling plant, which can quickly grow into a forest. At the same time, the base fertilizer can ensure that the nutrient demand of Camellia oleifera saplings changes year by year. It is also set according to the growth needs of Camellia oleifera saplings in different periods of time. The first year of Camellia oleifera To ensure survival, low-concentration fertilizer is required and all flowers are thinned. The second year is to protect strong seedlings, and fast nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied before new shoots sprout. The third year and later is to ensure yield, and organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be increased. amount of application. In addition, the shaping of the Camellia oleifera tree ensures that the Camellia oleifera tree produces a large number of fruits and provides reasonable shading for the oleifera.
当然,上述只是简单阐述各因素单独所起到的主要作用,通过各因素的相互协调作用,使得薇菜能够每年都进行高产量的采摘,且采摘的薇菜粗壮,品质好。Of course, the above is just a brief description of the main role played by each factor alone. Through the coordination of each factor, the swede can be harvested with high yield every year, and the picked succulent is strong and of good quality.
详细的方案为:The detailed plan is:
坝埂的高度为60~80cm,改良土壤填整的厚度为30~35cm,改良土壤填整层的下侧设置有砂土层,坝埂底部延伸至砂土层内,第二种植地的地表高度高于第一种植地的地表高度20~25cm。改良土壤为旱田土、泥炭土和火肥土按照0.5:1:0.2的重量比混合配制得到,助芽肥为50kg火肥土和10L人蓄尿液配制得到。矮化油茶树枝条也繁茂,犹如在水沟的外侧形成一篱栏,此时在其内侧种植较大的茶树苗,茶树喜阴,能够很好的生长,多作物套种,提高整个经济效益。The height of the dam ridge is 60-80 cm, and the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35 cm. A sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side of the improved soil filling layer, and the bottom of the dam ridge extends into the sandy soil layer. The height is 20-25cm higher than the surface height of the first planting land. The improved soil is prepared by mixing upland soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil in a weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2, and the bud-aiding fertilizer is prepared from 50kg fire fertile soil and 10L human urine. The branches of dwarf camellia oleifera are also lush, like forming a fence on the outer side of the ditch. At this time, larger tea seedlings are planted on the inner side. The tea tree likes shade and can grow well. Multiple crops are interplanted to improve the overall economic benefit.
另外,富含有机硒的畜禽粪便与杂草、石灰、饼肥混合压实堆熟得到的富硒肥以及果实膨大期有机硒肥的施加,有机硒可以被油茶树有效吸收,使得压榨的茶油中硒含量为普通茶油中的2倍以上。果树冲施肥应较有机硒肥前使用,果树冲施肥可有效促进油茶树对有机硒肥的吸收,另外还可起到抗病力强、成熟早、曾油脂的效果。In addition, the selenium-rich fertilizer obtained by mixing livestock and poultry manure rich in organic selenium with weeds, lime and cake fertilizers, and the application of organic selenium fertilizer in the fruit expansion period, organic selenium can be effectively absorbed by camellia oleifera, making the pressed tea The selenium content in the oil is more than 2 times that of ordinary tea oil. Fruit tree flushing fertilization should be used before organic selenium fertilizer. Fruit tree flushing fertilization can effectively promote the absorption of organic selenium fertilizer by Camellia oleifera, and can also play a role in strong disease resistance, early maturity, and fat loss.
上述技术方案可以显著提高薇菜的产量和品质,且第三年后每年都能够对薇菜进行采摘,同时种植的油茶树也能够实现高产,提高农民的经济收益。The above-mentioned technical scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of Myrtle, and after the third year, the Myrtle can be picked every year, and the planted Camellia oleifera trees can also achieve high yield and improve the economic benefits of farmers.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1坡面上开设水沟的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of opening a water ditch on a slope;
图2为坡面的断面示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slope.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行具体说明。应当理解,以下文字仅仅用以描述本发明的一种或几种具体的实施方式,并不对本发明具体请求的保护范围进行严格限定。In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the present invention, and does not strictly limit the protection scope of the specific claims of the present invention.
下述实施例1~2是在安庆万草千木农业科技有限公司与芜湖恒诺能源技术有限公司、岳西县弘盛农业科技有限公司共同开发的凉风农场(岳西县莲花村凉风组)中进行,芽孢是指薇菜蔸上发出嫩白色芽孢,芽孢长成薇菜之后进行采摘,稀粪水为人蓄尿液和2倍水混合配制得到,尿素水为100~200g尿素和1L水配制得到。下述实施例1、2中未明确说明的肥料具体施用量,本领域技术人员可以根据肥料的作用和使用时期进行适量使用,保证农作物的可靠栽植,另外,整个种植过程中,每年都需要进行除草、松土、杀虫等操作。本发明中如无特别说明,组分的百分数均为质量浓度。The following embodiments 1-2 are the Liangfeng Farm (Liangfeng, Lianhua Village, Yuexi County) jointly developed by Anqing Wancaoqianmu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhu Hengnuo Energy Technology Co., Ltd. and Yuexi County Hongsheng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. group), the spores refer to the tender white spores issued on the spores, and the spores are picked after the spores grow into the spores, and the dilute manure water is prepared by mixing human urine and 2 times of water, and the urea water is 100~200g urea and 1L water to prepare. The specific application rates of fertilizers that are not specified in the following examples 1 and 2, those skilled in the art can use them in an appropriate amount according to the effect of the fertilizer and the period of use to ensure the reliable planting of crops. Weeding, loosening soil, insecticide and other operations. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the percentages of components are all mass concentrations.
果实膨大期施加的果树冲施肥为郑州云耕农业科技有限公司生产的云耕牌果树冲施肥,其使用方法为稀释800-1200倍冲施滴灌,每亩滴管冲施1.7公斤;果实成熟期喷洒的有机硒肥为安徽硒无忧现代农业科技有限公司生产的硒之源牌水果专用型有机硒肥,其使用方法为稀释500倍液,均匀喷施于作物叶片,间隔喷施两次,每次间隔7天;喷施量根据树形和树龄而定,树形、树龄大,喷施量相应增大,一般每亩1.2L~1.8L。当然也可采用其他公司生产的果树冲施肥和有机硒肥进行使用,已取得相同效果。禽畜粪肥为饲养畜禽收集的粪便;按照6:3:1的质量比将高粱、小麦、大豆粉碎混合配制成发酵底物,按照1:5的质量比将酵母硒和发酵底物混匀,加水在28℃下发酵处理70天,将发酵的产物和饲料进行混合用于饲养畜禽,对畜禽的粪便进行收集。The fruit tree flushing fertilization applied during the fruit expansion period is the Yungeng brand fruit tree flushing fertilization produced by Zhengzhou Yungeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The method of use is to dilute 800-1200 times and flush with drip irrigation, 1.7 kg per acre of dripper; The organic selenium fertilizer sprayed is a special organic selenium fertilizer of Selenium Source brand produced by Anhui Sewuyou Modern Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The method of use is to dilute 500 times of liquid, spray evenly on the leaves of crops, and spray twice at intervals. The interval of each time is 7 days; the spraying amount is determined according to the tree shape and tree age. If the tree shape and tree age are older, the spraying amount will increase accordingly, generally 1.2L to 1.8L per mu. Of course, fruit tree fertilization and organic selenium fertilizer produced by other companies can also be used, and the same effect has been achieved. Poultry manure is the manure collected by raising livestock and poultry; sorghum, wheat and soybean are crushed and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5 , adding water and fermenting at 28°C for 70 days, the fermented product and feed were mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the excrement of livestock and poultry was collected.
实施例1Example 1
在所选山坡林地开好防火线进行炼山,选晴天把地烧好烧透,烧地后将树根、草蔸铲除,将山坡林地整地成阶梯式,整地后的各种植地11分别沿山坡的等高线开设,相邻种植地11之间的坡面外侧采用石块堆筑坝埂12,各种植地11中部开设有水沟13,水沟13沿种植地11的长度方向开设且水沟13内内沿其长度方向间隔设置隔段131,隔段131将水沟13分隔成各水槽,各水槽的两端隔段131上分别设置第一、二流水口132,水槽外侧的槽壁上开设第三流水口133,同一水槽上第三流水口133的高度与第一、二流水口132中高度较小的流水口的高度保持一致(如第一流水口的高度低于第二流水口的高度,则第三流水口133的高度与第一流水口的高度相一致),相邻水沟13上的隔段131呈间隔交错状布置,相邻水沟13上的第三流水口133呈间隔交错状布置,山坡林地的顶部水沟13与供水装置相连接,坝埂12的上部外侧设置有横状布置的喷水管14,喷水管14的管身上间隔设置有喷水孔,喷水孔的出水方向斜向指向坝埂12的侧壁,水沟13将种植地11划分为位于水沟13内侧的第一种植地111和位于水沟13外侧的第二种植地112,第一种植地111采用改良土壤填整而成,改良土壤为旱田土、泥炭土和火肥土按照0.5:1:0.2的重量比混合配制得到,旱田土为水稻田排水晒田3~6月后所取的稻田土,晒田期间未播种作物且翻土2~3次,火肥土为秸秆、树枝叶、杂草烧成的火灰与林地土按照1:2的重量比混合配制得到;坝埂12的高度为60~80cm,改良土壤填整的厚度为30~35cm,改良土壤填整层的下侧设置有砂土层15,坝埂12底部延伸至砂土层15内,第一种植地111的宽度为30~40cm,第二种植地112的宽度为1~1.2m,第二种植地的地表高度高于第一种植地的地表高度20~25cm;Open fire lines in the selected hillside woodland for mountain refining, choose a sunny day to burn the ground thoroughly, remove tree roots and weeds after burning the ground, and prepare the hillside woodland into a stepped pattern. The contour lines of the hillside are opened, and the outside of the slope surface between the adjacent planting fields 11 is built with stone blocks to build a
第一年3~4月份在第二种植地上开挖50~55cm深的栽植穴,将2~3年生油茶树11b树苗(苗圃站购买得到)栽种在栽植穴内,一层土一层基肥对栽植穴进行回填,茶油栽种后的20d,浇筑一次稀肥水,一级稀肥水中含有2%尿素和0.2%氯化钾,基肥为10重量份的绿肥、2重量份的石灰、15重量份的禽畜粪肥和8重量份的饼肥混合腐熟得到;8月份时在茶油树的树兜周边开设环形槽,在环形槽内施加100g氮肥,茶油树开花后进行疏花;在同年的秋季将人工繁殖的薇菜苗11a在第一种植地111上紧邻坝埂12底部处间隔进行栽植,种植穴的宽度为20~25厘米,大小为20×20cm,按株距15cm栽植,移栽时,薇菜苗11a应带土移植,勿伤根系,栽后浇定根水,并在水沟13内灌水,且水沟13内的水面高度低于第一种植地111的地表高度12~17cm,霜降后停止灌溉并在第一种植地111的地表铺盖一层树叶,可选用杂树飘落的树叶和松针进行铺盖;From March to April of the first year, excavate a 50-55cm deep planting hole on the second planting ground, and plant 2-3 year
第二年惊蛰后开始灌溉,4~5月份薇菜开始苞芽,苞芽后每天夜晚打开喷水孔进行3~5min的撒喷,芽孢前和芽孢后用稀粪水或尿素水进行追肥提苗,苞芽第一年不对薇菜进行采摘;沿茶油树高100~110cm处进行摘心,采用自然开心形整枝方式对油茶树11b进行整形,主干上保留5~7个主枝,并在3月末对第二种植地进行翻整并在树根处施加500g氮肥,10月份时在茶油树的树兜周边开设环形槽,在环形槽内施加500g磷钾肥和2kg生物有机肥(石家庄茂丰肥业有限公司生产),茶油树开花后进行疏花;拉条是使用柔绳沿着枝条生长的逆方向拉下,柔绳的另一端用地面上插设的竹签固定,调整主枝与主干间的角度为50~55°,待枝条成型后,将柔绳解下,开花后疏除所有花朵;第二年秋天在第一、二种植地上撒播黑麦草,黑麦草种子播种前每1kg种子加2kg枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液和1.5g钼酸铵浸种4~4.5h,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液为枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液稀释10倍配制而成,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液中OD600为0.8~1.0,浸种后黑麦草种子与8kg钙镁磷肥、10kg火肥土拌均进行撒播,黑麦草种子的亩撒播量为0.8kg,黑麦草生长至株高40~45cm时进行第一次收割作为农畜牧草,第一次收割时留茬5~8cm,促进黑麦草分蘖和再生,黑麦草再次生长至株高35~40cm时,第一种植地上黑麦草割收后和树叶一起铺盖在第一种植地的地表,第二次收割时留茬1~3cm,第二种植地上将其就地翻埋,霜降后停止灌溉;In the second year, start irrigation after the spores are stinging. From April to May, sprouting buds begin. After budding, open the water spray holes for 3 to 5 minutes every night. Before spores and after spores, use dilute manure water or urea water for topdressing. The seedlings and buds are not picked in the first year; the topping is carried out along the height of the camellia oil tree 100-110cm, and the
从第三年开始,每年重复如下操作:惊蛰后开始灌溉,并在3、4月份施加一次助芽肥,芽孢前或芽孢后用稀粪水或尿素水进行追肥提苗,苞芽后每天夜晚打开喷水孔进行3~5min的撒喷,4~5月份对薇菜采摘3~4次,采摘时不伤害根部,每次采摘后施稀粪水一次;对茶油树主枝进行拉条,使得主枝与树干之间的夹角为40~45°,对主枝上的侧枝进行修剪并修剪使得主枝的顶端高度不超过3.5m,新稍萌动前每株施加800g氮肥,油茶树果实膨大期施加果树冲施肥,油茶树果实成熟期喷洒有机硒肥;10月份时每株施加800g磷钾肥和5kg生物有机肥;第二年秋天在第一、二种植地上撒播黑麦草,黑麦草种子播种前每1kg种子加2kg枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液和1.5g钼酸铵浸种4~4.5h,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液为枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液稀释10倍配制而成,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液中OD600为0.8~1.0,浸种后黑麦草种子与8kg钙镁磷肥、10kg火肥土拌均进行撒播,黑麦草种子的亩撒播量为0.8kg,黑麦草生长至株高40~45cm时进行第一次收割作为农畜牧草,第一次收割时留茬5~8cm,促进黑麦草分蘖和再生,黑麦草再次生长至株高35~40cm时,第一种植地上黑麦草割收后和树叶一起铺盖在第一种植地的地表,第二次收割时留茬1~3cm,第二种植地上将其就地翻埋,霜降后停止灌溉;助芽肥为50kg火肥土和10L人蓄尿液配制得到。Starting from the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start irrigating after the sting, and apply germination-facilitating fertilizer once in March and April, topdressing with dilute manure water or urea water before spores or after spores, and every night after budding Open the water spray holes for 3-5 minutes of spraying, pick 3 to 4 times from April to May, without damaging the roots, apply dilute dung water once after each picking; pull the main branches of the tea oil tree , so that the angle between the main branch and the trunk is 40 to 45°, and the side branches on the main branch are pruned and trimmed so that the top of the main branch does not exceed 3.5m. Apply fruit tree flushing fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and spray organic selenium fertilizer during the fruit ripening period of Camellia oleifera; in October, apply 800g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant; in the autumn of the second year, ryegrass and ryegrass are spread on the first and second planting grounds. Before sowing the seeds, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate per 1 kg of seeds to soak the seeds for 4 to 4.5 hours. The medium OD 600 is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire fertile soil for spreading. The first harvest is used as agricultural and livestock grass, and the stubble of 5-8cm is left at the first harvest to promote the tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40cm again, the ryegrass on the first planting ground is harvested and the leaves are removed. Cover the surface of the first planting ground together, leave 1-3 cm of stubble in the second harvest, and bury it on the second planting ground. Stop irrigation after frost falls; the bud fertilizer is 50kg of fire fertile soil and 10L of human urine storage. liquid prepared.
实施例2Example 2
在所选山坡林地开好防火线进行炼山,选晴天把地烧好烧透,烧地后将树根、草蔸铲除,将山坡林地整地成阶梯式,整地后的各种植地11分别沿山坡的等高线开设,相邻种植地11之间的坡面外侧采用石块堆筑坝埂12,各种植地11中部开设有水沟13,水沟13沿种植地11的长度方向开设且水沟13内内沿其长度方向间隔设置隔段131,隔段131将水沟13分隔成各水槽,各水槽的两端隔段131上分别设置第一、二流水口132,水槽外侧的槽壁上开设第三流水口133,同一水槽上第三流水口133的高度与第一、二流水口132中高度较小的流水口的高度保持一致(如第一流水口的高度低于第二流水口的高度,则第三流水口133的高度与第一流水口的高度相一致),相邻水沟13上的隔段131呈间隔交错状布置,相邻水沟13上的第三流水口133呈间隔交错状布置,山坡林地的顶部水沟13与供水装置相连接,坝埂12的上部外侧设置有横状布置的喷水管14,喷水管14的管身上间隔设置有喷头,喷头的出水方向斜向指向坝埂12的侧壁,水沟13将种植地11划分为位于水沟13内侧的第一种植地111和位于水沟13外侧的第二种植地112,第一种植地111采用改良土壤填整而成,改良土壤为旱田土、泥炭土和火肥土按照0.8:1:0.4的重量比混合配制得到,旱田土为水稻田排水晒田3~6月后所取的稻田土,晒田期间未播种作物且翻土2~3次,火肥土为秸秆、树枝叶、杂草烧成的火灰与林地土(山坡林地的本土)按照1:3的重量比混合配制得到;坝埂12的高度为60~80cm,改良土壤填整的厚度为30~35cm,改良土壤填整层的下侧设置有砂土层,坝埂12底部延伸至砂土层内,第一种植地111的宽度为30~40cm,第二种植地112的宽度为1~1.2m;Open fire lines in the selected hillside woodland for mountain refining, choose a sunny day to burn the ground thoroughly, remove tree roots and weeds after burning the ground, and prepare the hillside woodland into a stepped pattern. The contour lines of the hillside are opened, and the outside of the slope surface between the adjacent planting fields 11 is built with stone blocks to build a
第一年3~4月份在第二种植地上开挖50~55cm深的栽植穴,将2~3年生油茶树11b树苗(苗圃站购买得到)栽种在栽植穴内,一层土一层基肥对栽植穴进行回填,茶油栽种后的20d,浇筑一次稀肥水,一级稀肥水中含有2%尿素和0.2%氯化钾,基肥为10重量份的绿肥、2重量份的石灰、15重量份的禽畜粪肥和8重量份的饼肥混合腐熟得到;8月份时在茶油树的树兜周边开设环形槽,在环形槽内施加100g氮肥,茶油树开花后进行疏花;在同年的秋季将人工繁殖的薇菜苗11a在第一种植地111上紧邻坝埂12底部处间隔进行栽植,种植穴的宽度为20~25厘米,大小为20×20cm,按株距15cm栽植,移栽时,薇菜苗11a应带土移植,勿伤根系,栽后浇定根水,并在水沟13内灌水,且水沟13内的水面高度低于第一种植地111的地表高度12~17cm,霜降后停止灌溉并在第一种植地111的地表铺盖一层树叶,可选用杂树飘落的树叶和松针进行铺盖;From March to April of the first year, excavate a 50-55cm deep planting hole on the second planting ground, and plant 2-3 year
第二年惊蛰后开始灌溉,4~5月份薇菜开始苞芽,苞芽后每天夜晚打开喷水孔进行3~5min的撒喷,芽孢前和芽孢后用稀粪水或尿素水进行追肥提苗,苞芽第一年不对薇菜进行采摘;沿茶油树高100~110cm处进行摘心,采用自然开心形整枝方式对油茶树11b进行整形,主干上保留5~7个主枝,并在3月末对第二种植地进行翻整并在树根处施加500g氮肥,10月份时在茶油树的树兜周边开设环形槽,在环形槽内施加300g磷钾肥和2kg生物有机肥,茶油树开花后进行疏花;拉条是使用柔绳沿着枝条生长的逆方向拉下,柔绳的另一端用地面上插设的竹签固定,调整主枝与主干间的角度为50~55°,待枝条成型后,将柔绳解下,开花后疏除所有花朵;第二年秋天在第一、二种植地上撒播黑麦草,黑麦草种子播种前每1kg种子加2kg枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液和1.5g钼酸铵浸种4~4.5h,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液为枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液稀释10倍配制而成,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液中OD600为0.8~1.0,浸种后黑麦草种子与8kg钙镁磷肥、10kg火肥土拌均进行撒播,黑麦草种子的亩撒播量为0.8kg,黑麦草生长至株高40~45cm时进行第一次收割作为农畜牧草,第一次收割时留茬5~8cm,促进黑麦草分蘖和再生,黑麦草再次生长至株高35~40cm时,第一种植地上黑麦草割收后和树叶一起铺盖在第一种植地的地表,第二次收割时留茬1~3cm,第二种植地上将其就地翻埋,霜降后停止灌溉;In the second year, start irrigation after the spores are stinging. From April to May, sprouting buds begin. After budding, open the water spray holes for 3 to 5 minutes every night. Before spores and after spores, use dilute manure water or urea water for topdressing. The seedlings and buds are not picked in the first year; the topping is carried out along the height of the camellia oil tree 100-110cm, and the
从第三年开始,每年重复如下操作:惊蛰后开始灌溉,并在3、4月份施加一次助芽肥,芽孢前或芽孢后用稀粪水或尿素水进行追肥提苗,苞芽后每天夜晚打开喷水孔进行3~5min的撒喷,4~5月份对薇菜采摘3~4次,采摘时不伤害根部,每次采摘后施稀粪水一次;对茶油树主枝进行拉条,使得主枝与树干之间的夹角为40~45°,对主枝上的侧枝进行修剪并修剪使得主枝的顶端高度不超过3.5m,新稍萌动前每株施加800g氮肥,10月份时每株施加800g磷钾肥和5kg生物有机肥;油茶树果实膨大期施加果树冲施肥,油茶树果实成熟期喷洒有机硒肥;第二年秋天在第一、二种植地上撒播黑麦草,黑麦草种子播种前每1kg种子加2kg枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液和1.5g钼酸铵浸种4~4.5h,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03菌液为枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液稀释10倍配制而成,枯草芽孢杆菌GB03母液中OD600为0.8~1.0,浸种后黑麦草种子与8kg钙镁磷肥、10kg火肥土拌均进行撒播,黑麦草种子的亩撒播量为0.8kg,黑麦草生长至株高40~45cm时进行第一次收割作为农畜牧草,第一次收割时留茬5~8cm,促进黑麦草分蘖和再生,黑麦草再次生长至株高35~40cm时,第一种植地上黑麦草割收后和树叶一起铺盖在第一种植地的地表,第二次收割时留茬1~3cm,第二种植地上将其就地翻埋,霜降后停止灌溉;助芽肥为50kg火肥土和10L人蓄尿液配制得到。Starting from the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start irrigating after the sting, and apply germination-facilitating fertilizer once in March and April, topdressing with dilute manure water or urea water before spores or after spores, and every night after budding Open the water spray holes for 3-5 minutes of spraying, pick 3 to 4 times from April to May, without damaging the roots, apply dilute dung water once after each picking; pull the main branches of the tea oil tree , so that the angle between the main branch and the trunk is 40 to 45°, and the side branches on the main branch are pruned and trimmed so that the top of the main branch does not exceed 3.5m. Apply 800g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant; apply fruit tree flushing fertilization during the fruit expansion period of camellia oleifera, and spray organic selenium fertilizer during the mature period of camellia oleifera fruit; in the autumn of the second year, spread ryegrass and ryegrass on the first and second planting grounds. Before sowing the seeds, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate per 1 kg of seeds to soak the seeds for 4 to 4.5 hours. The medium OD 600 is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire fertile soil for spreading. The first harvest is used as agricultural and livestock grass, and the stubble of 5-8cm is left at the first harvest to promote the tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40cm again, the ryegrass on the first planting ground is harvested and the leaves are removed. Cover the surface of the first planting ground together, leave 1-3 cm of stubble in the second harvest, and bury it on the second planting ground. Stop irrigation after frost falls; the bud fertilizer is 50kg of fire fertile soil and 10L of human urine storage. liquid prepared.
上述实施例1、2中,每亩薇菜的栽种量为2000~2500株,每亩年产330公斤鲜薇菜,采摘鲜薇菜的长度为15~20cm,鲜薇菜根部的根部直径为0.8~1.2cm,鲜薇菜的纤维化程度低。In above-mentioned
传统平地栽种,亩薇菜的栽种量为4500~6000株,每亩年产300公斤鲜薇菜,采摘鲜薇菜的长度为15~20cm,鲜薇菜根部的根部直径为0.3~0.6cm,鲜薇菜表面的纤维化程度高。Traditionally planted on flat ground, the planting amount of mussel is 4500-6000, and the annual output of 300 kilograms of succulent per mu. The length of picking succulent is 15-20 cm, and the root diameter of the root of succulent is 0.3-0.6 cm. The fibrosis degree of the surface of the fresh myrtle is high.
另外,在实施例1、2中,第三、四、五年每株茶油树可采摘20~50斤油茶籽,五年后,每株油茶树11b可收获50~80斤油茶籽,茶油籽压榨的茶油中硒含量为普通茶油中硒含量的2倍以上。In addition, in Examples 1 and 2, in the third, fourth and fifth years, 20-50 catties of Camellia oleifera seeds can be picked from each Camellia oleifera tree. The content of selenium in the oilseed-pressed tea oil is more than 2 times that of ordinary tea oil.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在获知本发明中记载内容后,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对其作出若干同等变换和替代,这些同等变换和替代也应视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, after learning the contents of the present invention, without departing from the principles of the present invention, they can also make Several equivalent transformations and substitutions, these equivalent transformations and substitutions should also be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
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