CN104686158B - A method for improving high-yield interplanting selenium-enriched camellia tree on hillside woodland - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving high-yield and interplanting selenium-enriched camellia oleifera trees in hillside woodland, and refers to a method for joint planting of Mikaria oleifera and Camellia oleifera in hillside woodland, which specifically includes land preparation, planting, pruning and fertilization. Low-concentration fertilizers and all flower thinning are required. The second year is to maintain strong seedlings. Before new shoots sprout, fast nitrogen fertilizer and organic selenium fertilizer need to be applied. The third year and later is to maintain yield, and organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be increased. amount of application. Interplanting Camellia oleifera trees can achieve high yield and rich organic selenium of a single Camellia oleifera tree, and improve the economic benefits of agricultural and forestry planting.

Description

A method for improving high-yield interplanting selenium-enriched camellia tree on hillside woodland

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for improving high-yield interplanting of selenium-enriched camellia trees on hillside woodland.

Background technique

Myrtle, scientific name Ziji, is a perennial fern that exists widely in the Dabie Mountains. Weed is rich in protein, vitamins and various trace elements such as potassium, calcium, and scales. Weed can not only be made into delicious dishes, but also has anti-cancer, heat-clearing, detoxification, weight loss, beauty and other effects. Viruses such as Japanese encephalitis have obvious inhibitory effects, and are long-term export and best-selling vegetables overseas, especially to Japan.

At present, most of the mycelium is collected from the wild. Although there are also local experiments and artificial planting, its yield is low. The collected myrtle has thin stems and poor quality. After one or two years of picking, the myrtle will wither or no longer bud.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving high-yield intercropping of selenium-rich camellia oleifera trees in hillside woodland, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems. Interplanting camellia oleifera trees can achieve high yield of single camellia oleifera trees and improve the economic benefits of agricultural and forestry planting.

To achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted the following technical solutions:

A method for improving high-yield and interplanting selenium-enriched Camellia oleifera trees in hillside woodlands, refers to a method for jointly planting Myrtle and Camellia oleifera trees on hillside woodlands, and specifically includes the following operation steps:

S1: The hillside forest land is prepared in a step-like manner. After the land preparation, each planting area is opened along the contour line of the hillside. The outside of the slope between adjacent planting areas is built with stone piles. The middle of each planting area is provided with water. ditch, the ditch is opened along the length direction of the planting ground and the partitions are arranged in the ditch along the length direction. , a third water outlet is set on the groove wall outside the water tank, and the height of the third water outlet on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the water outlet with the smaller height among the first and second water outlets. The three water outlets are arranged at intervals and staggered. The top water ditch of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device. The upper and outer sides of the dam ridge are provided with horizontally arranged water spray pipes. Sprinklers, the water outlet direction of the spray holes/sprinklers points obliquely to the side wall of the dam ridge, and the water ditch divides the planting land into the first planting land located on the inside of the water ditch and the second planting land located outside the water ditch. The first planting land It is filled with improved soil. The improved soil is prepared by mixing dry field soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil in a weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2~0.8:1:0.4. The dry field soil is a paddy field with drainage and drying. The paddy field soil taken after a month, no crops were sown during the drying period, and the soil was turned over 2 to 3 times. mixed and prepared;

S2: From March to April of the first year, excavate a 50-55cm deep planting hole on the second planting ground, plant 2-3 year old Camellia oleifera saplings in the planting hole, and backfill the planting hole with a layer of soil and a layer of base fertilizer. 20d after oil planting, pouring a dilute fertilizer water, the first-grade dilute fertilizer water contains 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride, and the base fertilizer is 10 parts by weight of green manure, 2 parts by weight of lime, 15 parts by weight of livestock manure and 8 parts by weight of livestock manure. The cake fertilizer of the weight portion is obtained by mixing and decomposing; in August, an annular groove is opened around the tree pocket of the camellia oil tree, and 100 g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the annular groove, and the camellia oil tree is flowered after flowering; in the autumn of the same year, artificial propagation/wild Weed seedlings are planted at intervals on the first planting ground next to the bottom of the dam ridge, and irrigated in the ditch, and the water surface height in the ditch is 12-17 cm lower than the surface height of the first planting ground. The surface of a plantation is covered with a layer of leaves;

S3: Irrigation is started after the sting in the second year, and sprouted stalks start from April to May. After the buds, open the spray holes/nozzles for 3 to 5 minutes of spraying/mist spraying. Picking; topping along the height of the camellia tree 100-110cm, using the natural happy-shaped pruning method to shape the camellia tree, retaining 5-7 main branches on the trunk, and turning the second planting site at the end of March. Apply 500g nitrogen fertilizer at the root of the tree, open an annular groove around the tree pocket of the camellia oil tree in October, apply 500g phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 2kg bio-organic fertilizer in the annular groove, and thin the flowers after the camellia oil tree blooms; the following autumn Sow ryegrass on the first and second planting grounds. Before sowing ryegrass seeds, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacteria solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate to each 1kg of seeds to soak for 4 to 4.5 hours. Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacteria solution is Bacillus subtilis GB03 It is prepared by diluting the mother liquor 10 times. The OD ₆₀₀ in the mother liquor of Bacillus subtilis GB03 is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg fire fertile soil for spreading. kg, when the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm, the first harvest is carried out as agricultural livestock grass, and 5-8cm of stubble is left during the first harvest to promote the tillering and regeneration of the ryegrass, and the ryegrass grows again to a plant height of 35-40cm When the ryegrass on the first planting ground is harvested, it will be covered with the leaves on the surface of the first planting ground, and the stubble of 1-3 cm will be left during the second harvesting, and it will be buried on the second planting ground.

S4: Starting from the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start irrigation after the sting, and apply bud-facilitating fertilizer once in March and April. After bud buds, open the water holes/sprinklers for 3-5 minutes of spraying Spray / mist spray, pick 3 to 4 times from April to May; pull the main branch of Camellia oleifera so that the angle between the main branch and the trunk is 40 to 45°, and carry out the treatment on the side branches on the main branch. Pruning and pruning so that the top of the main branch does not exceed 3.5m, apply 800g nitrogen fertilizer to each plant before the new sprouts germinate, and apply 800g phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 5kg bio-organic fertilizer to each plant in October. Organic selenium fertilizer was sprayed at the ripening stage of tea tree fruit; ryegrass were sown on the first and second planting grounds in autumn. Before sowing ryegrass seeds, 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate were added to each 1kg of seeds for soaking for 4 to 4.5 hours. Bacillus GB03 bacterial solution is prepared by diluting Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution by 10 times. The OD ₆₀₀ of Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution is 0.8 to 1.0. After soaking, ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg fire fertilizer and soil for spreading. , the ryegrass seed per mu sowing amount is 0.8kg. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm, the first harvest is carried out as agricultural livestock grass, and 5-8cm of stubble is left during the first harvest to promote the tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a height of 35-40cm again, the ryegrass on the first planting ground is harvested and covered with the leaves on the surface of the first planting ground. The stubble of 1-3 cm is left on the second planting ground. burial in situ, and stop irrigation after frost falls;

Poultry manure is the manure collected by raising livestock and poultry; sorghum, wheat and soybean are crushed and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5 , adding water and fermenting at 28°C for 70 days, the fermented product and feed were mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the excrement of livestock and poultry was collected.

The most important thing in the planting of weeds is the control of water and fertilizer. Weeds like water and shade, but they are also afraid of waterlogging and are extremely harsh on the growing soil. Through the transformation of the above-mentioned hillside woodland, the irrigation system formed by the ditch can make the water flow evenly irrigate the whole hillside woodland, and at the same time, the water level in the ditch is controlled to be 12-17 cm lower than the surface of the first planting land, so as to ensure the happiness of the weed. Water irrigated and there will be no waterlogging. Planting Mycelia near the bottom of the dam ridge is far better than planting on the flat ground. The Mirena is affected by the dam ridge, so that the new stems and leaves grow to the side away from the dam ridge, making its The plant hormones in the plant stimulate the roots to germinate more spores and increase the yield. At the same time, the setting of the dam can make the water flow above the first planting ground not flow from the surface of the first planting ground but penetrate into the water ditch from the lower part, preventing In addition, the dam ridge built with stones can play a fixed role in the early stage of woodland reconstruction, preventing landslides from destroying the hillside woodland during the rainy season; the water spray holes/sprinklers are sprayed for a short time at night to simulate rainwater In the sky, part of the rainwater is sparsely sprayed on the scallion sprouts, which promotes the growth of the scallion stalks and makes the spruce buds thicker. At the same time, the improved soil prepared above is more suitable for the growth of the scalloped weeds in terms of acidity and fertilizer. It is consistent with this, making the myrtle more sturdy. In addition, astragalus can grow luxuriantly on the soil of the first planting site, and the harvested astragalus and leaves are covered, so that the myrtle can better survive the winter and ensure the spores of the myrtle in the coming year. , Vetch, leaf rot and the application of bud-aiding fertilizer can well supplement the fertility of the first planting field and adjust the acidity, so that the Mikaria can be picked every year.

In addition, the Camellia oleifera tree planted with the above scheme has a survival rate of 100%. The Camellia oleifera tree has green leaves all year round, and a shading fence is formed on the periphery of the Myrtle to ensure the growth environment of the Myrtle, and at the same time shorten the transformation of the entire woodland. cycle. In addition, the joint planting of Camellia oleifera and Myrtle can improve the economic benefits of agricultural planting. Camellia oleifera saplings can be purchased directly from the seedling plant, which can quickly grow into a forest. At the same time, the base fertilizer can ensure that the nutrient demand of Camellia oleifera saplings changes year by year. It is also set according to the growth needs of Camellia oleifera saplings in different periods of time. The first year of Camellia oleifera To ensure survival, low-concentration fertilizer is required and all flowers are thinned. The second year is to protect strong seedlings, and fast nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied before new shoots sprout. The third year and later is to ensure yield, and organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be increased. amount of application. In addition, the shaping of the Camellia oleifera tree ensures that the Camellia oleifera tree produces a large number of fruits and provides reasonable shading for the oleifera.

Of course, the above is just a brief description of the main role played by each factor alone. Through the coordination of each factor, the swede can be harvested with high yield every year, and the picked succulent is strong and of good quality.

The detailed plan is:

The height of the dam ridge is 60-80 cm, and the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35 cm. A sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side of the improved soil filling layer, and the bottom of the dam ridge extends into the sandy soil layer. The height is 20-25cm higher than the surface height of the first planting land. The improved soil is prepared by mixing upland soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil in a weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2, and the bud-aiding fertilizer is prepared from 50kg fire fertile soil and 10L human urine. The branches of dwarf camellia oleifera are also lush, like forming a fence on the outer side of the ditch. At this time, larger tea seedlings are planted on the inner side. The tea tree likes shade and can grow well. Multiple crops are interplanted to improve the overall economic benefit.

In addition, the selenium-rich fertilizer obtained by mixing livestock and poultry manure rich in organic selenium with weeds, lime and cake fertilizers, and the application of organic selenium fertilizer in the fruit expansion period, organic selenium can be effectively absorbed by camellia oleifera, making the pressed tea The selenium content in the oil is more than 2 times that of ordinary tea oil. Fruit tree flushing fertilization should be used before organic selenium fertilizer. Fruit tree flushing fertilization can effectively promote the absorption of organic selenium fertilizer by Camellia oleifera, and can also play a role in strong disease resistance, early maturity, and fat loss.

The above-mentioned technical scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of Myrtle, and after the third year, the Myrtle can be picked every year, and the planted Camellia oleifera trees can also achieve high yield and improve the economic benefits of farmers.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of opening a water ditch on a slope;

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slope.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the present invention, and does not strictly limit the protection scope of the specific claims of the present invention.

The following embodiments 1-2 are the Liangfeng Farm (Liangfeng, Lianhua Village, Yuexi County) jointly developed by Anqing Wancaoqianmu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhu Hengnuo Energy Technology Co., Ltd. and Yuexi County Hongsheng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. group), the spores refer to the tender white spores issued on the spores, and the spores are picked after the spores grow into the spores, and the dilute manure water is prepared by mixing human urine and 2 times of water, and the urea water is 100～200g urea and 1L water to prepare. The specific application rates of fertilizers that are not specified in the following examples 1 and 2, those skilled in the art can use them in an appropriate amount according to the effect of the fertilizer and the period of use to ensure the reliable planting of crops. Weeding, loosening soil, insecticide and other operations. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the percentages of components are all mass concentrations.

The fruit tree flushing fertilization applied during the fruit expansion period is the Yungeng brand fruit tree flushing fertilization produced by Zhengzhou Yungeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The method of use is to dilute 800-1200 times and flush with drip irrigation, 1.7 kg per acre of dripper; The organic selenium fertilizer sprayed is a special organic selenium fertilizer of Selenium Source brand produced by Anhui Sewuyou Modern Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The method of use is to dilute 500 times of liquid, spray evenly on the leaves of crops, and spray twice at intervals. The interval of each time is 7 days; the spraying amount is determined according to the tree shape and tree age. If the tree shape and tree age are older, the spraying amount will increase accordingly, generally 1.2L to 1.8L per mu. Of course, fruit tree fertilization and organic selenium fertilizer produced by other companies can also be used, and the same effect has been achieved. Poultry manure is the manure collected by raising livestock and poultry; sorghum, wheat and soybean are crushed and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5 , adding water and fermenting at 28°C for 70 days, the fermented product and feed were mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the excrement of livestock and poultry was collected.

Example 1

Open fire lines in the selected hillside woodland for mountain refining, choose a sunny day to burn the ground thoroughly, remove tree roots and weeds after burning the ground, and prepare the hillside woodland into a stepped pattern. The contour lines of the hillside are opened, and the outside of the slope surface between the adjacent planting fields 11 is built with stone blocks to build a dam 12, and a water ditch 13 is opened in the middle of each planting field 11. The water ditch 13 is opened along the length direction of the planting field 11 and In the water ditch 13, partitions 131 are arranged at intervals along its length direction. The partitions 131 divide the water ditch 13 into various water tanks. A third water outlet 133 is set up on the wall, and the height of the third water outlet 133 on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet in the first and second water outlets 132 (such as the height of the first water outlet is lower than the second water outlet). The height of the third water outlet 133 is consistent with the height of the first water outlet). Arranged in a staggered arrangement, the top water ditch 13 of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device, the upper and outer sides of the dam ridge 12 are provided with horizontally arranged water spray pipes 14, and the pipe body of the water spray pipe 14 is provided with water spray holes at intervals. The water outlet direction of the water spouting hole points obliquely to the side wall of the dam 12. The water ditch 13 divides the planting land 11 into a first planting land 111 located inside the water ditch 13 and a second planting land 112 located outside the water ditch 13. A planting field 111 is filled with improved soil. The improved soil is prepared by mixing dry field soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil in a weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2. The dry field soil is paddy field drainage and drying after 3 to 6 months The obtained paddy field soil is prepared without sown crops and turned the soil 2 to 3 times during the drying period, and the fire fertile soil is prepared by mixing the ash from straw, branches and leaves, and weeds and the woodland soil in a weight ratio of 1:2; The height of the dam ridge 12 is 60-80 cm, the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer 15 is arranged on the lower side of the improved soil filling layer, and the bottom of the dam ridge 12 extends into the sandy soil layer 15. The width of the planting site 111 is 30-40 cm, the width of the second planting site 112 is 1-1.2 m, and the surface height of the second planting site is 20-25 cm higher than that of the first planting site;

From March to April of the first year, excavate a 50-55cm deep planting hole on the second planting ground, and plant 2-3 year old Camellia oleifera 11b saplings (purchased at the nursery station) in the planting hole, with a layer of soil and a layer of base fertilizer for the planting. The hole is backfilled, and 20 days after the camellia oil is planted, a dilute fertilizer water is poured once, and the first-grade dilute fertilizer water contains 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride, and the base fertilizer is 10 parts by weight of green manure, 2 parts by weight of lime, 15 parts by weight of Poultry manure and 8 parts by weight of cake fertilizer are mixed and decomposed to obtain; in August, an annular groove is opened around the tree pocket of the camellia oil tree, 100g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the annular groove, and the camellia oil tree is flowered after flowering; The artificially propagated Mycelia sprouts 11a are planted at intervals adjacent to the bottom of the dam 12 on the first planting site 111, the width of the planting hole is 20 to 25 cm, and the size is 20×20 cm, and is planted at a plant spacing of 15 cm. 11a should be transplanted with soil, do not damage the root system, water the root after planting, and irrigate in the ditch 13, and the height of the water surface in the ditch 13 is 12-17cm lower than the surface height of the first planting site 111, stop after frost falls Irrigate and cover the surface of the first planting ground 111 with a layer of leaves, which can be covered with fallen leaves and pine needles from miscellaneous trees;

In the second year, start irrigation after the spores are stinging. From April to May, sprouting buds begin. After budding, open the water spray holes for 3 to 5 minutes every night. Before spores and after spores, use dilute manure water or urea water for topdressing. The seedlings and buds are not picked in the first year; the topping is carried out along the height of the camellia oil tree 100-110cm, and the camellia oil tree 11b is shaped by the natural open-heart pruning method. At the end of March, the second planting ground was turned over and 500g of nitrogen fertilizer was applied at the root of the tree. In October, an annular groove was opened around the tree pocket of the camellia oil tree, and 500g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 2kg of bio-organic fertilizer were applied in the annular groove (Shijiazhuang Maotai). Produced by Feng Fei Industry Co., Ltd.), the tea oil tree is thinned after flowering; the pull rod is pulled down along the opposite direction of the branch growth with a flexible rope, and the other end of the flexible rope is fixed with a bamboo stick inserted on the ground to adjust the main The angle between the branch and the trunk is 50-55°. After the branch is formed, the soft rope is unfastened, and all flowers are removed after flowering; the first and second planting grounds are sown with ryegrass in the autumn of the second year, and ryegrass seeds are sown before sowing Add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis _GB03 bacteria solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate per 1kg of seeds to soak the seeds for 4-4.5 hours. It is 0.8～1.0. After soaking, ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg fire fertile soil for sowing. The sowing amount of ryegrass seeds per mu is 0.8kg. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40～45cm, the first time Harvesting as agricultural and livestock grass, leave 5-8cm of stubble at the first harvest to promote the tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a height of 35-40cm, the ryegrass on the first planting ground will be covered with leaves after being harvested. On the surface of the first planting ground, leave 1-3 cm of stubble in the second harvest, bury it on the second planting ground, and stop irrigation after frost falls;

Starting from the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start irrigating after the sting, and apply germination-facilitating fertilizer once in March and April, topdressing with dilute manure water or urea water before spores or after spores, and every night after budding Open the water spray holes for 3-5 minutes of spraying, pick 3 to 4 times from April to May, without damaging the roots, apply dilute dung water once after each picking; pull the main branches of the tea oil tree , so that the angle between the main branch and the trunk is 40 to 45°, and the side branches on the main branch are pruned and trimmed so that the top of the main branch does not exceed 3.5m. Apply fruit tree flushing fertilizer during the fruit expansion period, and spray organic selenium fertilizer during the fruit ripening period of Camellia oleifera; in October, apply 800g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant; in the autumn of the second year, ryegrass and ryegrass are spread on the first and second planting grounds. Before sowing the seeds, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate per 1 kg of seeds to soak the seeds for 4 to 4.5 hours. The medium OD ₆₀₀ is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire fertile soil for spreading. The first harvest is used as agricultural and livestock grass, and the stubble of 5-8cm is left at the first harvest to promote the tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40cm again, the ryegrass on the first planting ground is harvested and the leaves are removed. Cover the surface of the first planting ground together, leave 1-3 cm of stubble in the second harvest, and bury it on the second planting ground. Stop irrigation after frost falls; the bud fertilizer is 50kg of fire fertile soil and 10L of human urine storage. liquid prepared.

Example 2

Open fire lines in the selected hillside woodland for mountain refining, choose a sunny day to burn the ground thoroughly, remove tree roots and weeds after burning the ground, and prepare the hillside woodland into a stepped pattern. The contour lines of the hillside are opened, and the outside of the slope surface between the adjacent planting fields 11 is built with stone blocks to build a dam 12, and a water ditch 13 is opened in the middle of each planting field 11. The water ditch 13 is opened along the length direction of the planting field 11 and In the water ditch 13, partitions 131 are arranged at intervals along its length direction. The partitions 131 divide the water ditch 13 into various water tanks. A third water outlet 133 is set up on the wall, and the height of the third water outlet 133 on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet in the first and second water outlets 132 (such as the height of the first water outlet is lower than the second water outlet). The height of the third water outlet 133 is consistent with the height of the first water outlet). In a staggered arrangement, the top water ditch 13 of the hillside woodland is connected with the water supply device, the upper and outer sides of the dam ridge 12 are provided with horizontally arranged water spray pipes 14, and the pipe body of the water spray pipe 14 is provided with spray nozzles at intervals. The water outlet direction is directed obliquely to the side wall of the dam ridge 12. The water ditch 13 divides the planting land 11 into a first planting land 111 located inside the water ditch 13 and a second planting land 112 located outside the water ditch 13. The first planting land 111 It is filled with improved soil. The improved soil is prepared by mixing dry field soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil in a weight ratio of 0.8:1:0.4. Soil, no crops are sown and the soil is turned 2 to 3 times during the drying period, and the fire fertile soil is the fire ash burned by straws, branches and leaves, and weeds and the forest soil (the native land of the hillside forest land) is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:3. Obtained; the height of the dam ridge 12 is 60-80 cm, the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35 cm, the lower side of the improved soil filling layer is provided with a sandy soil layer, and the bottom of the dam ridge 12 extends into the sandy soil layer. The width of the planting site 111 is 30-40 cm, and the width of the second planting site 112 is 1-1.2 m;

From March to April of the first year, excavate a 50-55cm deep planting hole on the second planting ground, and plant 2-3 year old Camellia oleifera 11b saplings (purchased at the nursery station) in the planting hole, with a layer of soil and a layer of base fertilizer for the planting. The hole is backfilled, and 20 days after the camellia oil is planted, a dilute fertilizer water is poured once, and the first-grade dilute fertilizer water contains 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride, and the base fertilizer is 10 parts by weight of green manure, 2 parts by weight of lime, 15 parts by weight of Poultry manure and 8 parts by weight of cake fertilizer are mixed and decomposed to obtain; in August, an annular groove is opened around the tree pocket of the camellia oil tree, 100g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the annular groove, and the camellia oil tree is flowered after flowering; The artificially propagated Mycelia sprouts 11a are planted at intervals adjacent to the bottom of the dam 12 on the first planting site 111, the width of the planting hole is 20 to 25 cm, and the size is 20×20 cm, and is planted at a plant spacing of 15 cm. 11a should be transplanted with soil, do not damage the root system, water the root after planting, and irrigate in the ditch 13, and the height of the water surface in the ditch 13 is 12-17cm lower than the surface height of the first planting site 111, stop after frost falls Irrigate and cover the surface of the first planting ground 111 with a layer of leaves, which can be covered with fallen leaves and pine needles from miscellaneous trees;

In the second year, start irrigation after the spores are stinging. From April to May, sprouting buds begin. After budding, open the water spray holes for 3 to 5 minutes every night. Before spores and after spores, use dilute manure water or urea water for topdressing. The seedlings and buds are not picked in the first year; the topping is carried out along the height of the camellia oil tree 100-110cm, and the camellia oil tree 11b is shaped by the natural open-heart pruning method. At the end of March, the second planting field was turned over and 500g of nitrogen fertilizer was applied at the root of the tree. In October, an annular groove was opened around the tree pocket of the camellia oil tree, and 300g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 2kg of bio-organic fertilizer, camellia oil were applied in the annular groove. After the tree blooms, the flowers are thinned; the pull rod is pulled down along the opposite direction of the branch growth with a flexible rope, and the other end of the flexible rope is fixed with a bamboo stick inserted on the ground, and the angle between the main branch and the trunk is adjusted to 50-55 °, after the branches are formed, untie the rope, and remove all flowers after flowering; in the autumn of the second year, ryegrass are sown on the first and second planting grounds, and 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacteria are added to every 1kg of ryegrass seeds before sowing. Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution is prepared by diluting Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution by 10 times, the OD ₆₀₀ in Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution is 0.8-1.0, and the ryegrass seeds after seed soaking It is mixed with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg fire fertile soil for sowing. The per-mu sowing amount of ryegrass seeds is 0.8kg. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm, the first harvest is carried out as agricultural livestock grass, and the first harvest is carried out. When the stubble of 5-8cm is left, the tillering and regeneration of ryegrass is promoted. When the ryegrass grows to a height of 35-40cm, the ryegrass on the first planting ground is harvested and covered with leaves on the surface of the first planting ground. When harvesting, leave 1-3 cm of stubble, bury it on the second planting ground, and stop irrigation after frost falls;

Starting from the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start irrigating after the sting, and apply germination-facilitating fertilizer once in March and April, topdressing with dilute manure water or urea water before spores or after spores, and every night after budding Open the water spray holes for 3-5 minutes of spraying, pick 3 to 4 times from April to May, without damaging the roots, apply dilute dung water once after each picking; pull the main branches of the tea oil tree , so that the angle between the main branch and the trunk is 40 to 45°, and the side branches on the main branch are pruned and trimmed so that the top of the main branch does not exceed 3.5m. Apply 800g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant; apply fruit tree flushing fertilization during the fruit expansion period of camellia oleifera, and spray organic selenium fertilizer during the mature period of camellia oleifera fruit; in the autumn of the second year, spread ryegrass and ryegrass on the first and second planting grounds. Before sowing the seeds, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate per 1 kg of seeds to soak the seeds for 4 to 4.5 hours. The medium OD ₆₀₀ is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire fertile soil for spreading. The first harvest is used as agricultural and livestock grass, and the stubble of 5-8cm is left at the first harvest to promote the tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40cm again, the ryegrass on the first planting ground is harvested and the leaves are removed. Cover the surface of the first planting ground together, leave 1-3 cm of stubble in the second harvest, and bury it on the second planting ground. Stop irrigation after frost falls; the bud fertilizer is 50kg of fire fertile soil and 10L of human urine storage. liquid prepared.

In above-mentioned embodiment 1, 2, the planting amount of every mu of Myrtle is 2000～2500 strains, and every mu of annual output of 330 kilograms of Fresh Myrtle, the length of picking Fresh Myrtle is 15～20cm, and the root diameter of Fresh Myrtle root is 15～20cm. 0.8 ~ 1.2cm, the degree of fibrosis of fresh myrtle is low.

Traditionally planted on flat ground, the planting amount of mussel is 4500-6000, and the annual output of 300 kilograms of succulent per mu. The length of picking succulent is 15-20 cm, and the root diameter of the root of succulent is 0.3-0.6 cm. The fibrosis degree of the surface of the fresh myrtle is high.

In addition, in Examples 1 and 2, in the third, fourth and fifth years, 20-50 catties of Camellia oleifera seeds can be picked from each Camellia oleifera tree. The content of selenium in the oilseed-pressed tea oil is more than 2 times that of ordinary tea oil.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, after learning the contents of the present invention, without departing from the principles of the present invention, they can also make Several equivalent transformations and substitutions, these equivalent transformations and substitutions should also be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for improving hillside forest lands and interplanting selenium-rich tea-oil trees at high yield is a method for jointly planting osmunda japonica and tea-oil trees in the hillside forest lands, and specifically comprises the following operation steps:

s1: the method comprises the steps of preparing hillside forest lands in a stepped manner, arranging planting lands after land preparation along contour lines of hillsides respectively, building dam banks on the outer sides of slopes between adjacent planting lands by adopting stones, arranging ditches in the middle of each planting land, arranging the ditches along the length direction of the planting lands, arranging partition sections in the ditches along the length direction at intervals, dividing the ditches into water tanks by the partition sections, arranging a first water flow port and a second water flow port on the partition sections at two ends of each water tank respectively, arranging a third water flow port on the wall of the outer side of each water tank, keeping the height of the third water flow port on the same water tank consistent with the height of the water flow port with the lower height in the first water flow port and the second water flow port, arranging the third water flow ports on the adjacent ditches in a staggered manner at intervals, connecting the ditches at the tops of the hillside forest lands with a water supply device, arranging water spraying pipes transversely outside the upper parts of the dam banks, and arranging water spraying holes, the water outlet direction of the water spray holes/nozzles obliquely points to the side wall of the dam ridge, the ditch divides a planting field into a first planting field and a second planting field, the first planting field is formed by filling and shaping improved soil, the improved soil is dry field soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil which are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 0.5-0.8: 1: 0.2-0.4, the dry field soil is rice field soil taken after the paddy field drains water and is exposed to the sun for 3-6 months, crops are not sown during the period of exposure to the sun and are turned over for 2-3 times, and the fire fertile soil is prepared by mixing ash formed by burning straws, branches and leaves and weeds and forest soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-3;

s2: digging a planting hole with the depth of 50-55 cm on a second planting ground in 3-4 months in the first year, planting the 2-3 years old oil tea tree seedlings in the planting hole, backfilling the planting hole with a layer of soil and a layer of base fertilizer, pouring once dilute fertilizer water after the oil tea trees are planted for 20 days, wherein the dilute fertilizer water contains 2% of urea and 0.2% of potassium chloride, and the base fertilizer is obtained by mixing and decomposing 10 parts by weight of green manure, 2 parts by weight of lime, 15 parts by weight of livestock manure and 8 parts by weight of cake fertilizer; in 8 months, annular grooves are formed in the periphery of a pocket of the oil tea tree, 100g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the annular grooves, and flower thinning is carried out after the oil tea tree blooms; planting artificially-propagated/wild osmunda seedlings on a first planting land at intervals in autumn of the same year, wherein the artificial-propagated/wild osmunda seedlings are close to the bottom of a dam ridge, irrigating water in a ditch, the height of the water surface in the ditch is 12-17 cm lower than the height of the ground surface of the first planting land, stopping irrigation after frost fall, and covering a layer of leaves on the ground surface of the first planting land;

s3: irrigating after the frightened dormancy in the second year, starting bud buds of the osmunda japonica in 4-5 months, opening water spraying holes/nozzles at night after the bud buds for spraying/atomizing for 3-5 min every day, and not picking the osmunda japonica in the first year; pinching is carried out along the position 100-110 cm high of the camellia oleifera tree, and nature is adoptedShaping the camellia oleifera tree in a heart-opening shape pruning mode, reserving 5-7 main branches on a main trunk, turning over a second planting field at the end of 3 months, applying 500g of nitrogen fertilizer to roots, forming an annular groove at the periphery of a pocket of the camellia oleifera tree in 10 months, applying 500g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 2kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the annular groove, and thinning flowers after the camellia oleifera tree blooms; sowing ryegrass on the first and second planting lands in autumn in the next year, adding 2kg of bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate seed for 4-4.5 h to 1kg of ryegrass seeds before sowing the ryegrass seeds, wherein the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid is prepared by diluting 10 times of bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquid, and OD in the bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquid₆₀₀0.8-1.0, after seed soaking, mixing 1kg of ryegrass seeds with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire-fertile soil, sowing, wherein the mu sowing amount of the ryegrass seeds is 0.8kg, harvesting for the first time when the ryegrass grows to the plant height of 40-45 cm to serve as agricultural and livestock forage grass, leaving 5-8 cm of stubble during harvesting for the first time to promote tillering and regeneration of the ryegrass, growing the ryegrass to the plant height of 35-40 cm again, laying the ryegrass on the ground surface of a first planting land after harvesting the first planting land and leaves, leaving 1-3 cm of stubble during harvesting for the second time, burying the ryegrass on the spot, and stopping irrigation after frost;

s4: from the third year onwards, the following operations are repeated each year: irrigating after the frightening, applying a bud-assisting fertilizer to the osmunda japonica once in 3-4 months, opening a water spraying hole/nozzle to perform spraying/mist spraying for 3-5 min every night after bud, and picking the osmunda japonica 3-4 times in 4-5 months; bracing main branches of the camellia oleifera trees to enable an included angle between the main branches and a trunk to be 40-45 degrees, trimming side branches on the main branches and trimming to enable the height of the top ends of the main branches to be not more than 3.5m, applying 800g of nitrogen fertilizer to each plant before a new sprout, and applying 800g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant in 10 months; applying fruit tree water flush fertilizer in the fruit expansion period of the oil-tea camellia, and spraying organic selenium fertilizer in the fruit maturation period of the oil-tea camellia; sowing ryegrass on the first and second planting lands in autumn, adding 2kg of bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate to soak seeds for 4-4.5 hours per 1kg of ryegrass seeds before sowing ryegrass seeds, wherein the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid is prepared by diluting 10 times of bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquid, and OD in the bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquid₆₀₀0.8-1.0, after seed soaking, mixing 1kg of ryegrass seeds with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire-fertile soil, sowing, wherein the mu sowing amount of the ryegrass seeds is 0.8kg, harvesting for the first time when the ryegrass grows to the plant height of 40-45 cm to serve as agricultural and livestock forage grass, leaving 5-8 cm of stubble during harvesting for the first time to promote tillering and regeneration of the ryegrass, growing the ryegrass to the plant height of 35-40 cm again, laying the ryegrass on the ground surface of a first planting land after harvesting the first planting land and leaves, leaving 1-3 cm of stubble during harvesting for the second time, burying the ryegrass on the spot, and stopping irrigation after frost;

the livestock manure is feces collected by feeding livestock; pulverizing and mixing sorghum, wheat and soybean according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate according to a mass ratio of 1:5, adding water, fermenting at 28 ℃ for 70 days, mixing the fermented product with feed for feeding livestock and poultry, and collecting the feces of the livestock and poultry.

2. The method for improving the hillside forest land and interplanting the selenium-rich camellia oleifera in high yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the height of the dam ridge is 60-80 cm, the filling thickness of the improved soil is 30-35 cm, a sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil, the bottom of the dam ridge extends into the sandy soil layer, and the height of the ground surface of the second planting field is 20-25 cm higher than that of the first planting field.

3. The method for improving the hillside forest land and interplanting the selenium-rich camellia oleifera in high yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the improved soil is prepared by mixing dry land soil, peat soil and fire fertile soil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1: 0.2.

4. The method for improving the hillside forest land and interplanting the selenium-rich camellia oleifera in high yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the germination-assisting fertilizer is prepared from 50kg of fire-fertilizing soil and 10L of human and animal urine.

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