CN104686167A - Method for achieving united interplanting of tea-oil trees in farmland - Google Patents
Method for achieving united interplanting of tea-oil trees in farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686167A CN104686167A CN201510107491.4A CN201510107491A CN104686167A CN 104686167 A CN104686167 A CN 104686167A CN 201510107491 A CN201510107491 A CN 201510107491A CN 104686167 A CN104686167 A CN 104686167A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for achieving united interplanting of tea-oil trees in farmland, in particular to a method for united planting of osmunda japonica thunb and the tea-oil trees in the farmland. The method specifically comprises the steps that drainage and field drying are conducted on the farmland for 3-6 months, seeds of crops are not sown during field drying, soil is turned over for 2-3 times during field drying, first ridge land and second ridge land are stacked up in the farmland, the first ridge land is made of improved soil in a filling and preparation mode, the improved soil is formed by dry farmland soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixed materials and fire fertile soil in a mixed preparation mode, supports are arranged on the side of the first ridge land, water spray pipes are arranged on the supports, and spray nozzles are arranged on the water spray pipes at intervals; planting, pruning and fertilization are conducted, the tea-oil trees need to keep surviving in the first year, low-concentration fertilizer irrigation and complete flower thinning are required, strong seedlings of the tea-oil trees need to be kept in the second year, acceleration nitrogenous fertilizer needs to be applied before shoots germinate, the yield needs to be kept in the third year and the later period, and the quantity of applied organic fertilizer and applied phosphorus and potassium fertilizer needs to increased. By the adoption of interplanting of the tea-oil trees, the high yield of a single tea-oil tree can be achieved, and the economic benefit of agricultural and forest planting is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production, be specifically related to a kind of method realizing combining interplanting tea oil tree in farmland.
Background technology
Common vetch dish, the purple dustpan of formal name used at school, belongs to perennial pteridophyte, has exist widely in mountain area, Dabie Mountain.Containing the various trace elements such as rich in protein, vitamin and potassium, calcium, squama in common vetch dish, common vetch dish not only can be made into delicious dish, have more the effects such as anticancer, heat-clearing, removing toxic substances, fat-reducing, beauty treatment, to the virus such as influenza, encephalitis B, there is obvious inhibitory action simultaneously, be long-term outlet, be in great demand overseas vegetables, is particularly exported to Japan.
At present, common vetch dish is field acquisition mostly, although also there is local experiment artificial planting, it yields poorly, and the common vetch dish stem of collection is thin, poor quality, and to pluck after one, two year common vetch dish will withered or no longer bract bud.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of method realizing combining interplanting tea oil tree in farmland, it can effectively solve the problem, the output of common vetch dish is high, and common vetch dish is sturdy, quality better, can pluck for a long time, can not the underproduction, with interplanting tea oil tree, the high yield of individual plant tea oil tree can be realized, improving the economic benefit of agriculture forestry planting.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
Realize a method of combining interplanting tea oil tree in farmland, refer to the method at farmland joint implant common vetch dish and tea oil tree, specifically comprise following operating procedure:
Step 1: by 3 ~ June of agricultural drain dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, in farmland ridging formed strip the first ridge with second ridge ground, first, two ground, ridges are interval-staggered in arrangement shape, the height on the second ground, ridge is greater than the height on the first ground, ridge, second ground, ridge is that dry land soil is formed, first ground, ridge adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2 ~ 1.2:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of agricultural drain dry field, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 ~ 3 with forest land soil, rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5 ~ 10g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, first ground, ridge side arranges support, support is arranged the sparge pipe that horizontal shape is arranged, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe is arranged at intervals with shower nozzle, and the first ground, ridge is pointed in the water outlet direction of shower nozzle obliquely,
Step 2: the First Year planting hole that 3 ~ April, excavation 50 ~ 55cm was dark on the ground on the second ridge, by oil generation tea tree sapling plantation in 2 ~ 3 years in planting hole, one deck soil one deck base manure backfills planting hole, 20d after tea oil plantation, build once rare rich water, containing 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the rare rich water of one-level, base manure is the green manure of 10 weight portions, the cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 weight portions, the poultry muck of 15 weight portions and 8 weight portions is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained; Tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during August offers cannelure, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in cannelure, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; In the autumn in the same year, artificial propagation/wild common vetch dish seedling is planted at interval on the ground on the first ridge, and pour water in furrow, and water surface elevation in furrow is at least lower than the ground level 18cm on the first ground, ridge, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and earth's surface bedding one deck leaf on the first ground, ridge;
Step 3: Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, and bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish; Pinching is carried out along the tea oil height of tree 100 ~ 110cm place, natural open centre shape training type is adopted to carry out shaping to tea oil tree, trunk retains 5 ~ 7 major branches, and carry out on foot couple second in March ridge turning over whole and applying 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root place, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during October offers cannelure, in cannelure, apply 500g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 2kg biological organic fertilizer, tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on first and second ridge autumn, is cut receipts bedding together with leaf and, on the earth's surface on the first ground, ridge, it turned on the spot and bury, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent after the second ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation after the first ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation; From Second Year, rich selenium clay fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground on the first ridge before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of rich selenium clay fertilizer be every mu of first ridge spread fertilizer over the fields 120 ~ 150kg, rich selenium clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity;
Step 4: from the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile to common vetch dish, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, and 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish; Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch, the angle between major branch and trunk is made to be 40 ~ 45 °, pruning the side shoot on major branch and pruning makes the tip height of major branch be no more than 3.5m, before newly slightly sprouting, every strain applies 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, and during October, every strain applies 800g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 5kg biological organic fertilizer; Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, and the tea oil tree fructescence sprays organic selenium fertilizer; Autumn broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on first and second ridge, is cut receipts bedding together with leaf and, on the earth's surface on the first ground, ridge, it turned on the spot and bury, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent after the second ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation after the first ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation;
Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
The height on the first ground, ridge is 25 ~ 30cm, and the width on the first ground, ridge is 40 ~ 50cm, and the height on the second ground, ridge is 45 ~ 50cm, and the width on the second ground, ridge is 1.4 ~ 2m.
The plantation of common vetch dish, topmost is exactly the control of liquid manure, and the happiness of common vetch dish happiness water is cloudy, but also water funk flood, and very harsh to soil for growth.The present invention is by the transformation in above-mentioned farmland, and the irrigation system that furrow is formed, can make the whole farmland of the irrigation of uniform fluid flow, the water lev el control simultaneously in furrow at least lower than the first ground, ridge earth's surface 18cm, ensure that the happiness water of common vetch dish is irrigated and there will not be waterlogging; Hole for water spraying/shower nozzle sprayed in short-term at night, Simulated rainwater sky, made the sparse spray of part rainwater on common vetch dish bud, promoted the growth of common vetch dish bud, made common vetch dish bud more sturdy; The improvement soil of above-mentioned preparation simultaneously, support in acidity and fertilizer the best demand more grown with common vetch dish to match, make common vetch dish more sturdy, Chinese milk vetch can be vegetated in the soil property on the first ground, ridge in addition, Chinese milk vetch, the leaf of harvesting cover, and common vetch dish can be survived the winter better, ensure that common vetch dish to germinate spore the coming year, rotting and helping the applying of bud fertilizer can be good at the fertility on supplementary first ground, ridge and regulate acidity of Chinese milk vetch, leaf, makes common vetch dish can both pluck every year.
And adopt above-mentioned improvement soil and rich selenium clay fertilizer to carry out common vetch colza to plant, Organic Selenium can effectively be absorbed by common vetch dish, it effectively can improve the Se content in common vetch dish, and in the dry common vetch dish of results, Se content about improves 3 ~ 4 times, and compost maturity is exactly the means of green manure compost maturity conventional in agricultural production.
In addition, adopt the tea oil tree of such scheme plantation, survival rate 100%, tea oil tree is all greenery throughout the year, forms the fence sheltered from heat or light in the periphery of common vetch dish, ensures that common vetch dish is to the demand of growing environment, shortens the cycle of whole forest land transformation simultaneously.In addition, the joint implant of tea oil tree and common vetch dish, can improve the economic benefit of agricultural planting.Oil tea sapling directly can be bought from nursery factory and obtain, can grow into forest fast, meanwhile, base manure can ensure the fertilising that the demand of oil tea sapling to nutrient changes year by year, and the growth demand also according to oil tea sapling Different periods sets, tea oil tree First Year protects to survive, need low concentration fertilizer to water fertile and whole flower thinning, Second Year protects strong sprout, needs to apply fast nitrogenous fertilizer before needing young sprout to sprout, 3rd year and be protect output, need the applied amount increasing fertilizer and phosphorus potash fertilizer later.In addition, the shaping of tea oil tree, ensures tea oil tree large result and reasonably shelters from heat or light to common vetch dish.
Certainly, independent the played Main Function of the above-mentioned just each factor of simple elaboration, by the mutual coordinative role of each factor, make common vetch dish all can carry out the harvesting of high yield every year, and the common vetch dish plucked is sturdy, quality better.
Detailed scheme is:
Help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid to obtain.In addition, be rich in the applying that the feces of livestock and poultry of Organic Selenium and weeds, lime, cake fertilizer mixed compaction pile the fertile and fruit expanding period organic selenium fertilizer of the ripe rich selenium obtained, Organic Selenium effectively can be absorbed by tea oil tree, makes Se content in the tea oil squeezed be more than 2 times in common tea oil.Fruit tree rushes fertilising and should comparatively use before organic selenium fertilizer, and fruit tree punching fertilising effectively can promote that tea oil tree is to the absorption of organic selenium fertilizer, also can play premunition effect that is strong, ripe early, once grease in addition.
Technique scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and the 3rd year can both pluck common vetch dish afterwards every year, and the tea oil tree of simultaneously planting also can realize high yield, improves the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation behind whole ground, farmland;
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section in farmland.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is specifically described.Should be appreciated that following word only in order to describe one or more concrete embodiments of the present invention, considered critical is not carried out to the protection domain that the present invention specifically asks.
Following embodiment 1 ~ 2 is carried out in my company (Anqing ten thousand grass thousand wooden agricultural science and technology Co., Ltds) with the cool breeze farm (Yuexi County lotus flower village cool breeze group) of Wuhu Heng Nuo Enertech Co., Ltd., Yuexi County Hong Sheng agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd joint development, gemma refers to and the common vetch dish root and stem of certain plants sends tender white gemma, gemma is plucked after growing up to common vetch dish, loose stool water behaviour retention of urine liquid and 2 times of water mixed preparing obtain, and urea water is that 100 ~ 200g urea and the preparation of 1L water obtain.The concrete amount of application of fertilizer do not clearly not stated in following embodiment 1,2, those skilled in the art can use in right amount according to the effect of fertilizer and use age, ensure reliably planting of crops, in addition, in whole planting process, all need to carry out weeding every year, loosen the soil, the operation such as desinsection.In the present invention if no special instructions, the percentage of component is mass concentration.
Improvement soil used in embodiment 1,2 is obtained in embodiment 3 ~ 6, and rich selenium clay fertilizer is obtained in embodiment 7 ~ 9, and the improvement in farmland is concrete as shown in Figure 1, 2.
The fruit tree punching fertilising that fruit expanding period applies is that the cloud that Zhengzhou Yun Geng agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd produces ploughs board fruit tree punching fertilising, and its using method executes drip irrigation for dilution 800-1200 doubly rushes, and every mu of dropper punching executes 1.7 kilograms; The organic selenium fertilizer of fructescence sprinkling is the source board fruit tailored version organic selenium fertilizer of the selenium that selenium carefree modern agriculture Science and Technology Ltd. in Anhui produces, and its using method is dilution 500 times of liquid, and evenly spray in crop leaf, interval sprays twice, every minor tick 7 days; The amount of spraying determine according to the tree-like and age of tree, tree-like, the age of tree greatly, the corresponding increase of the amount of spraying, generally every mu of 1.2L ~ 1.8L.The fruit tree punching fertilising that certainly other companies also can be adopted to produce and organic selenium fertilizer use, and obtain same effect.Poultry muck is the ight soil of raising livestock and poultry collection; According to the mass ratio of 6:3:1, Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out be mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the ight soil of livestock and poultry is collected.
Embodiment 1
By 3 ~ June of farmland (paddy field) draining dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, in farmland, ridging forms the first ground, ridge 111 and the ground, the second ridge 112 of strip, first, two ground, ridges are interval-staggered in arrangement shape, the height on the second ground, ridge 112 is greater than the height on the first ground, ridge 111, second ground, ridge 112 is that dry land soil is formed, first ground, ridge 111 adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2 ~ 1.2:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of agricultural drain dry field, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 ~ 3 with forest land soil (forest land soil is preferably the woods soil of area, Yuexi, Dabie Mountain pine forests or the slope soil on hillside), rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5 ~ 10g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, first ground, ridge 111 sides arrange support Z1, support Z1 is arranged the sparge pipe 114 that horizontal shape is arranged, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 114 is arranged at intervals with shower nozzle, and the first ground, ridge is pointed in the water outlet direction of shower nozzle obliquely, the height on the first ground, ridge is 25 ~ 30cm, and the width on the first ground, ridge is 40 ~ 50cm, and the height on the second ground, ridge is 45 ~ 50cm, and the width on the second ground, ridge is 1.4 ~ 2m, and the width of furrow L1 is 15 ~ 20cm,
The First Year planting hole that 3 ~ April, excavation 50 ~ 55cm was dark on the ground on the second ridge, by oil generation tea tree sapling (station, nursery is bought and obtained) plantation in 2 ~ 3 years in planting hole, one deck soil one deck base manure backfills planting hole, 20d after tea oil plantation, build once rare rich water, containing 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the rare rich water of one-level, base manure is the green manure of 10 weight portions, the cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 weight portions, the poultry muck of 15 weight portions and 8 weight portions is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during August offers cannelure, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in cannelure, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning, in the autumn in the same year, the common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation is planted at interval on the first ground, ridge 111, the width of planting plant hole is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, size is 20 × 20cm, plant by spacing in the rows 15cm, during transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, do not hinder root system, normal root water is watered after cultivation, and in furrow, pour water that (pouring water and irrigating described in the present invention all refers in furrow Inner eycle interval retaining/pour water, that is pour water at every turn and last for another ten days, the each depth of water 5 ~ 8cm, discharge water after pouring water at every turn and drain 4 ~ 5 days, iterative cycles operation like this), and water surface elevation in furrow is lower than the ground level 19cm on the first ground, ridge 111, after the Frost's Descent stop irrigate and first ridge ground 111 earth's surface bedding one deck leaf, the leaf that Za Shu can be selected to descend slowly and lightly and pine needle carry out bedding,
Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, and what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, and undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma and after gemma, bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish; Pinching is carried out along the tea oil height of tree 100 ~ 110cm place, natural open centre shape training type is adopted to carry out shaping to tea oil tree, trunk retains 5 ~ 7 major branches, and carry out on foot couple second in March ridge turning over whole and applying 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root place, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during October offers cannelure, in cannelure, apply 500g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 2kg biological organic fertilizer (the luxuriant plump industry Co., Ltd in Shijiazhuang produces), tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; Tie rod uses soft rope to leave behind along the reverse direction of shoot growth, and the bamboo let that the other end ground of soft rope plugs is fixed, and the angle between adjustment major branch and trunk is 50 ~ 55 °, and after branch is shaping, taken off by soft rope, Post flowering removes all flowers; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on first and second ridge autumn, is cut receipts bedding together with leaf and, on the earth's surface on the first ground, ridge, it turned on the spot and bury, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent after the second ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation after the first ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation; From Second Year, before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding, spread fertilizer over the fields rich selenium clay fertilizer on the ground on the first ridge, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of rich selenium clay fertilizer be every mu of first ridge spread fertilizer over the fields 120 ~ 150kg.
From the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile, undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish, does not injure root during harvesting, executes loose stool water once after each harvesting; Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch, the angle between major branch and trunk is made to be 40 ~ 45 °, pruning the side shoot on major branch and pruning makes the tip height of major branch be no more than 3.5m, before newly slightly sprouting, every strain applies 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, and during October, every strain applies 800g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 5kg biological organic fertilizer; Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, and the tea oil tree fructescence sprays organic selenium fertilizer; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on first and second ridge autumn, is cut receipts bedding together with leaf and, on the earth's surface on the first ground, ridge, it turned on the spot and bury, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent after the second ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation after the first ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation; Help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid to obtain.
Embodiment 2
By 3 ~ June of farmland (paddy field) draining dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, in farmland, ridging forms the first ground, ridge 111 and the ground, the second ridge 112 of strip, first, two ground, ridges are interval-staggered in arrangement shape, the height on the second ground, ridge 112 is greater than the height on the first ground, ridge 111, second ground, ridge 112 is that dry land soil is formed, first ground, ridge 111 adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2 ~ 1.2:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of agricultural drain dry field, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 ~ 3 with forest land soil (forest land soil is preferably the woods soil of area, Yuexi, Dabie Mountain pine forests or the slope soil on hillside), rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5 ~ 10g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, first ground, ridge 111 sides arrange support Z1, support Z1 is arranged the sparge pipe 114 that horizontal shape is arranged, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 114 is arranged at intervals with shower nozzle, and the first ground, ridge is pointed in the water outlet direction of shower nozzle obliquely, the height on the first ground, ridge is 25 ~ 30cm, and the width on the first ground, ridge is 40 ~ 50cm, and the height on the second ground, ridge is 45 ~ 50cm, and the width on the second ground, ridge is 1.4 ~ 2m, and the width of furrow L1 is 15 ~ 20cm,
The First Year planting hole that 3 ~ April, excavation 50 ~ 55cm was dark on the ground on the second ridge, by oil generation tea tree sapling (station, nursery is bought and obtained) plantation in 2 ~ 3 years in planting hole, one deck soil one deck base manure backfills planting hole, 20d after tea oil plantation, build once rare rich water, containing 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the rare rich water of one-level, base manure is the green manure of 10 weight portions, the cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 weight portions, the poultry muck of 15 weight portions and 8 weight portions is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained; Tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during August offers cannelure, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in cannelure, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; In the autumn in the same year, the common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation is planted at interval on the first ground, ridge 111, the width of planting plant hole is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, size is 20 × 20cm, plant by spacing in the rows 15cm, during transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, do not hinder root system, normal root water is watered after cultivation, and pour water in furrow, and water surface elevation in furrow is lower than the ground level 20cm on the first ground, ridge 111, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and earth's surface bedding one deck leaf on the first ground, ridge 111, the leaf that Za Shu can be selected to descend slowly and lightly and pine needle carry out bedding;
Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, and what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, and undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma and after gemma, bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish; Pinching is carried out along the tea oil height of tree 100 ~ 110cm place, natural open centre shape training type is adopted to carry out shaping to tea oil tree, trunk retains 5 ~ 7 major branches, and carry out on foot couple second in March ridge turning over whole and applying 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root place, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during October offers cannelure, in cannelure, apply 300g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 2kg biological organic fertilizer, tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; Tie rod uses soft rope to leave behind along the reverse direction of shoot growth, and the bamboo let that the other end ground of soft rope plugs is fixed, and the angle between adjustment major branch and trunk is 50 ~ 55 °, and after branch is shaping, taken off by soft rope, Post flowering removes all flowers; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on first and second ridge autumn, is cut receipts bedding together with leaf and, on the earth's surface on the first ground, ridge, it turned on the spot and bury, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent after the second ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation after the first ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation; From Second Year, before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding, spread fertilizer over the fields rich selenium clay fertilizer on the ground on the first ridge, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of rich selenium clay fertilizer be every mu of first ridge spread fertilizer over the fields 120 ~ 150kg.
From the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile, undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish, does not injure root during harvesting, executes loose stool water once after each harvesting; Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch, the angle between major branch and trunk is made to be 40 ~ 45 °, pruning the side shoot on major branch and pruning makes the tip height of major branch be no more than 3.5m, before newly slightly sprouting, every strain applies 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, and during October, every strain applies 800g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 5kg biological organic fertilizer; Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, and the tea oil tree fructescence sprays organic selenium fertilizer; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on first and second ridge autumn, is cut receipts bedding together with leaf and, on the earth's surface on the first ground, ridge, it turned on the spot and bury, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent after the second ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation after the first ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation; Help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid to obtain.
In above-described embodiment 1,2, the plantation amount of every mu of common vetch dish is 1800 ~ 2000 strains, produce about 320 kilograms fresh common vetch dishes per year for every mu, the length of plucking fresh common vetch dish is 15 ~ 20cm, the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.8 ~ 1.2cm, the fibrosis of fresh common vetch dish is low, and the Se content in common vetch dish is high, and in obtained dry common vetch dish, Se content is about 3 ~ 4 times of common common vetch dish.
The plantation of tradition level land, the plantation amount of mu common vetch dish is 4500 ~ 6000 strains, and produce 300 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes per year for every mu, the length of plucking fresh common vetch dish is 15 ~ 20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.3 ~ 0.6cm, and the fibrosis on fresh common vetch dish surface is high.
In addition, in embodiment 1,2, third and fourth, 5 years every strain tea oil trees can pluck 20 ~ 50 jin of tea seeds, after 5 years, every strain tea oil tree can gather in the crops 50 ~ 80 jin of tea seeds, and in the tea oil of tea seed squeezing, Se content is more than 2 times of Se content in common tea oil.
Embodiment 3
Dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam are obtained improveing soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after agricultural drain dry field June, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 times, fiery loam is stalk, fire ash that tree branches and leaves, weeds burn till and forest land soil (the woods soil that forest land soil is area, Yuexi, Dabie Mountain pine forests or the slope soil on hillside, lower with) obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2; Rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 4
Dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam are obtained improveing soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1.2:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after agricultural drain dry field March, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 3 times, fiery loam is stalk, fire ash that tree branches and leaves, weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:3 with forest land soil; Rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 10g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 5
Dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam are obtained improveing soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after agricultural drain dry field April, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 3 times, fiery loam is stalk, fire ash that tree branches and leaves, weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2.5 with forest land soil; Rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 6
Dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam are obtained improveing soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1.2:1:0.4:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after agricultural drain dry field April, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 times, fiery loam is stalk, fire ash that tree branches and leaves, weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2.5 with forest land soil; Rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
The improvement soil produced in above-described embodiment 3 ~ 6, the production of all very suitable common vetch dish of its acid-base value and fertility, therefore, the common vetch dish shoot survival percent of transplanting is high, fertilizer efficiency improves the output of common vetch dish lastingly, and wherein Organic Selenium can effectively be absorbed by common vetch dish, improves the organic selenium content in finished product common vetch dish.
Embodiment 7
Rich selenium clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity; Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 8
Rich selenium clay fertilizer is 8kg green manure, 1.0kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity; Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 9
Rich selenium clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 1.2kg lime, 6.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity; Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
After common vetch dish grows every year and gathers, larger to the loss of soil, therefore need to carry out fertility to soil every year to supplement and acid-base value adjustment, the rich selenium clay fertilizer produced in above-described embodiment 7 ~ 9, its acid-base value is comparatively higher than the normal growth conditions of common vetch dish, and use before bedding herbage and leaf, it can effectively regulate the acid-base value of soil, supplement fertility and Organic Selenium simultaneously, ensure the high yield output that rich selenium common vetch dish is annual.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; to know in the present invention after contents; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some equal conversion to it and substitute, these convert on an equal basis and substitute and also should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. realize a method of combining interplanting tea oil tree in farmland, refer to the method at farmland joint implant common vetch dish and tea oil tree, specifically comprise following operating procedure:
Step 1: by 3 ~ June of agricultural drain dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, in farmland ridging formed strip the first ridge with second ridge ground, first, two ground, ridges are interval-staggered in arrangement shape, the height on the second ground, ridge is greater than the height on the first ground, ridge, second ground, ridge is that dry land soil is formed, first ground, ridge adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2 ~ 1.2:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of agricultural drain dry field, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 ~ 3 with forest land soil, rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5 ~ 10g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, first ground, ridge side arranges support, support is arranged the sparge pipe that horizontal shape is arranged, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe is arranged at intervals with shower nozzle, and the first ground, ridge is pointed in the water outlet direction of shower nozzle obliquely,
Step 2: the First Year planting hole that 3 ~ April, excavation 50 ~ 55cm was dark on the ground on the second ridge, by oil generation tea tree sapling plantation in 2 ~ 3 years in planting hole, one deck soil one deck base manure backfills planting hole, 20d after tea oil plantation, build once rare rich water, containing 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the rare rich water of one-level, base manure is the green manure of 10 weight portions, the cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 weight portions, the poultry muck of 15 weight portions and 8 weight portions is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained; Tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during August offers cannelure, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in cannelure, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; In the autumn in the same year, artificial propagation/wild common vetch dish seedling is planted at interval on the ground on the first ridge, and pour water in furrow, and water surface elevation in furrow is at least lower than the ground level 18cm on the first ground, ridge, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and earth's surface bedding one deck leaf on the first ground, ridge;
Step 3: Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, and bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish; Pinching is carried out along the tea oil height of tree 100 ~ 110cm place, natural open centre shape training type is adopted to carry out shaping to tea oil tree, trunk retains 5 ~ 7 major branches, and carry out on foot couple second in March ridge turning over whole and applying 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root place, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during October offers cannelure, in cannelure, apply 500g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 2kg biological organic fertilizer, tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on first and second ridge autumn, is cut receipts bedding together with leaf and, on the earth's surface on the first ground, ridge, it turned on the spot and bury, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent after the second ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation after the first ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation; From Second Year, rich selenium clay fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground on the first ridge before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of rich selenium clay fertilizer be every mu of first ridge spread fertilizer over the fields 120 ~ 150kg, rich selenium clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity;
Step 4: from the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile to common vetch dish, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, and 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish; Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch, the angle between major branch and trunk is made to be 40 ~ 45 °, pruning the side shoot on major branch and pruning makes the tip height of major branch be no more than 3.5m, before newly slightly sprouting, every strain applies 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, and during October, every strain applies 800g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 5kg biological organic fertilizer; Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, and the tea oil tree fructescence sprays organic selenium fertilizer; Autumn broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on first and second ridge, is cut receipts bedding together with leaf and, on the earth's surface on the first ground, ridge, it turned on the spot and bury, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent after the second ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation after the first ground, ridge Chinese milk vetch maturation;
Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
2. the method for interplanting tea oil tree is combined in realization according to claim 1 in farmland, it is characterized in that: the height on the first ground, ridge is 25 ~ 30cm, the width on the first ground, ridge is 40 ~ 50cm, and the height on the second ground, ridge is 45 ~ 50cm, and the width on the second ground, ridge is 1.4 ~ 2m.
3. the method for interplanting tea oil tree is combined in realization according to claim 1 in farmland, it is characterized in that: help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid and obtain.
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Effective date of registration: 20180625 Address after: 330300 Jun Shan military construction farm (Yunshan oil tea base), Yunshan group, Yongxiu, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Applicant after: Jiujiang Yunshan oil tea technology development Co., Ltd. Address before: 246620 Changning Industrial Park, Yuexi, Anqing, Anhui Applicant before: Anhui same Industrial Design Co., Ltd. |
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