CN1774983A - Wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method - Google Patents
Wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a wheat-maize ridge-planting non-tillage cultivation method by direct seeding. Said method uses special-purpose ridge drill for wheat to making ridge forming and ridge sowing, after the wheat is harvested, the straw can be covered with surface layer, and the special-purpose sowing machine for maize can be used for sowing on the ridge, so that it is favorable for high-yield of maize.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the kind method for planting of two kinds of main field crops, be specially wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method.
Background technology:
Existing wheat～corn Rotation System mainly adopts to put down cultivates interplanting corn before harvesting wheat.This cropping system mainly contains following five shortcomings: the one, can not realize the entire mechanization operation, and labor productivity is low; The 2nd, can not guarantee the density and the regularity of corn influences corn yield; The 3rd, interplanting corn will water the wheat yellow water, causes wheat early ageing to reduce grain and weighs and the underproduction; The 4th, interplanting corn results early, generally have crop rotation phase about 20 days from harvest corn to wheat cultivation, and finish rainy season just during this period of time, temperature is comparatively moderate, the opportunity that helps most corn kernel grouting is so interplanting corn waste photo-thermal resource is unfavorable for annual balanced volume increase; The 5th, traditional cropping system (behind the harvest corn, will plough before the wheat cultivation, rake the soil level etc.) not only increases production cost, and destroys the living environment of soil structure and soil beneficial organism, is unfavorable for the stable of bio-diversity and agricultural ecosystem.
Summary of the invention:
In order to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method, this method one is distributing rationally of realization anniversary photo-thermal resource and efficient the utilization, improves all annual productions of wheat～corn; The 2nd, the entire mechanization of realization wheat～Maize Production improves labor productivity; The 3rd, protection soil organisms diversity is increase soil fertility, and helps the stable of agricultural ecosystem; The 4th, help realizing the recycling of crops straw.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that this wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
The soil support ridger, ridge width of cloth 60-80cm, the high 13-15cm in ridge, the capable wheat of proper seeding 2-3 on the ridge, the little line-spacing of wheat is 15-20cm; Apply fertilizer, water and all carry out at furrow; Use the combined wheat harvester suitable period harvest, straw-returning;
Use the no-tillage ridging of wheat (repairing the ridge) sower in top, ridge sowing wheat; Behind the wheat cultivation, the irrigation of watering in the ditch, wheat is emerged the in good time herbicide spraying in back except that weeds in field; Optimum period, applies fertilizer, waters in furrow; Use combined wheat harvester results, straw-returning.
After the results wheat, use corn drill at ridge upper seeding wheel corn; Before emergence of corn, use weed killer herbicide to kill wheat weeds; Optimum period, applies fertilizer, waters in furrow; Use the corn combine suitable period harvest, straw-returning.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) helps efficiently utilizing the photo-thermal resource, give full play to climatic potential productivity, realize the new breakthrough of wheat, corn yield.
Traditional interplanting corn is changed into behind the wheat live, be deferred to about corn seeding phase from May 20 about June 10, the harvest time of corn, corresponding postponement was 15-20 days, can make full use of the photo-thermal resource in September, realized the new breakthrough of annual grain yield.Test shows, can increase 150～200 kilograms in grain by mu.
(2) help delaying the wheat root aging, it is heavy to improve wheat berry; Improve the density and the regularity of corn, realize wheat, the two volume increase of corn.
Interplanting corn changes live, and wheat can not water the wheat yellow water, helps coordinating better soil solid, liquid, three ratios of vapour like this, optimize the living environment of wheat root, delay the aging of wheat root, help increasing the kernel grouting intensity of wheat, improve the heavy and output of grain.Conservative estimation, general mu increases about 25 kilograms of wheats.The live seeding quality that improves corn behind the wheat helps increasing the density of corn and improving regularity, thereby brings into play the yield potential of compact corn better.
(3) the live bud waterlogging problem that helps solving live corn of ridge culture.
Live corn after the wheat harvest, as the time of coming ahead of time rainy season, corn often influences output because of the bud waterlogging.But can address this problem effectively after adopting wheat-corn ridge-culture, no-tillage, direct seeding technique.
(4) help the entire mechanization operation, improve agricultural production efficiency.
Wheat-corn ridge-culture, no-tillage, entire mechanization that direct seeding technique helps realizing wheat, Maize Production are compared with traditional wheat～interplanting corn technology, can improve agricultural production efficiency greatly.
(5) help reducing farming number of times, protection soil, increase soil fertility.
Wheat-corn ridge-culture, no-tillage, direct seeding technique have not only reduced the soil working number of times, have reduced the destruction of machinery to soil aggregate; And whole also fields of having realized crops straw, created good living environment for the soil beneficial organism, improve soil fertility and combated a natural disaster (prevention waterlogging and drought resisting) ability.
(6) help economizing on water, save fertilizer, reduce production costs, improve productivity effect significantly.
Because wheat-corn ridge-culture, no-tillage, direct seeding technique have not only significantly reduced the mechanical work number of times to soil, have reduced power consumption; And have effects such as water saving, province's fertilizer, can reduce production costs greatly.Conservative estimation, every mu can save production cost about 70 yuan.
(7) help straw-returning, realize the recycling of crops straw.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a wheat ridge culture planting schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a corn ridge culture planting schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method is made up of wheat ridge culture planting and two aspects of corn ridge culture planting.
Stalk is covered in the face of land, the corn of sowing in the ranks of wheat stubble on the ridge after the results wheat.So just solve the problem of corn bud in seedling stage waterlogging, guaranteed the stalwartness growth of corn.Simultaneously, behind harvesting wheat, sow corn, guaranteed the density and the regularity of corn, help corn with high yield.In addition,, water the wheat yellow water after so just having exempted interplanting corn, avoided the production loss that causes because of wheat root early ageing because corn is live.Behind harvesting corn, the maize straw of pulverizing is covered in the furrow, use wheat ridge culture no-tillage seeding machine to carry out stubble-cleaning, Xiu Long, avoid the corn stubble with wheat cultivation on the ridge.
As Fig. 1, wheat ridge culture non-ploughing growing method for white, key step has:
1), the soil support ridger, ridge width of cloth 60-80cm, the high 13-15cm in ridge.The plantation specification of wheat is adjusted according to the soil fertility situation.For the plot of medium fertility, the ridge width of cloth is advisable with 75-80cm, the high 13-15cm in ridge.And for high fertility plot, the ridge width of cloth can be contracted to 60-70cm.Concrete parameter is chosen in the above-mentioned scope and varies in different localities.
Also can adopt furrow-ridge stereo planting mode (promptly only on the ridge, all plantations in the ditch) to improve output for middle product field with the grain number per spike that increases unit are.
2), proper seeding, as the soil moisture content deficiency, should make in advance and use the no-tillage ridging planting with sowing machine of wheat after the moisture in the soil; For the plot of medium fertility, plant the triplex row wheat on the ridge, the little line-spacing of wheat is 15cm; And for high fertility plot, ridge upper seeding wheel two row wheats, the little line-spacing of wheat is 20cm.
3), optimum period applies fertilizer, waters: all carry out at furrow, combination is watered after the fertilising.
4), use the combined wheat harvester suitable period harvest, stalk is covered in the face of land.
The same prior art of other field management during the wheat growth.
As Fig. 2, corn ridge culture no-tillage and direct-seeding kind method for planting, key step has:
1), after the results wheat, use corn drill, can adopt the wrong strain sowing of duplicate rows, guarantee the density and the regularity of corn at ridge upper seeding wheel corn.
2), before emergence of corn, use weed killer herbicide, kill wheat weeds.
3), optimum period fertilising, water, all carry out at furrow, and after the fertilising in conjunction with watering, to improve fertilizer efficiency, carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
4), use corn combine suitable period harvest, straw-returning;
5) use the no-tillage ridging of wheat (repairing the ridge) sower in top, ridge sowing wheat;
6), after planting, the irrigation of watering in the ditch guarantees to emerge quality;
7), herbicide spraying is prevented and kill off weeds in field;
8), optimum period fertilising, water, all carry out at furrow, and after the fertilising in conjunction with watering, to improve fertilizer efficiency, prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
The same prior art of other field management during the corn growth.
2004-2005 adopts the wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology to carry out production test respectively in the experimental field.The omnidistance mechanical work of using in test site has improved production efficiency, has reduced production cost and has all obtained wheat, the two volume increase of corn.Test site wheat per mu yield reaches 610 kilograms, and contrast traditional cultivation mode is increased production 90 kilograms.Live corn behind the harvesting wheat, test site corn per mu yield is 680 kilograms, increases by 85 kilograms than traditional cultivation mode.In general, the annual grain yield in test site has reached 1259 kilograms/mu, and annual grain yield improves 175 kilograms/mu.Simultaneously, ridge culture is no-tillage to have reduced the mechanical work number of times, has reduced production cost, reduces about 82 yuan of inputs every year through calculating every mu of ground.
Claims (1)
1, wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
The soil support ridger, ridge width of cloth 60-80cm, the high 13-15cm in ridge, the capable wheat of proper seeding 2-3 on the ridge, the little line-spacing of wheat is 15-20cm;
Use the no-tillage ridge drill sowing of wheat wheat; Behind the wheat cultivation, the irrigation of watering in the ditch, in good time herbicide spraying was killed weeds in field after wheat was emerged; Optimum period, applies fertilizer, waters in furrow; Use combined wheat harvester results, straw-returning;
After the results wheat, use corn drill at ridge upper seeding wheel corn; Before emergence of corn, use weed killer herbicide to kill wheat weeds; Optimum period, applies fertilizer, waters in furrow; Use the corn combine suitable period harvest, the straw-returning crop cover is covered in the face of land.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100453430A CN100358409C (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2005-12-12 | Wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method |
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| CNB2005100453430A CN100358409C (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2005-12-12 | Wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method |
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| CN100358409C CN100358409C (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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| CN109699413A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-05-03 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Wheat and corn sunlight-heat reaources Method of Optimal Matching under a kind of climate |
| CN111699933A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-09-25 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Cultivation method for improving light energy interception of wheat |
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