CN108243872A - Loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods - Google Patents
Loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN108243872A CN108243872A CN201810149381.8A CN201810149381A CN108243872A CN 108243872 A CN108243872 A CN 108243872A CN 201810149381 A CN201810149381 A CN 201810149381A CN 108243872 A CN108243872 A CN 108243872A
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- corn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, particularly a kind of loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods, suitable for agriculture waste resource circulation utilization.The shifting cultivation method of spring maize cooperation winter wheat that the present invention researches and develops, growth belt farming plant, non-planting band stack stalk fermentation, significant increase land utilization ratio, and the straw decomposition time extended to 12 months by original 7 months, and straw decomposition rate greatly improves.Increase soil fertility by extending the straw decomposition time, reduce chemical fertilizer and use.Recycling for straw-stalk type cultural waste resource is substantially improved simultaneously.This research and development can reducing application amount of phosphate fertilizer 59%, nitrogenous fertilizer 40%, wheat and corn yield also significantly increase, while the soil organism, full nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content also significantly increase, Soil Fertility Quality improve.Corn and wheat stalk full dose chopping and returning, effectively solve stalk handling problems, it is entirely avoided crop straw burning pollutes the possibility of environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, particularly a kind of loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods,
Suitable for agriculture waste resource circulation utilization.
Background technology
Phosphorus is one of indispensable important element of plant growth, it participates in various bioids in plant in many ways
Process plays very important use to the growth and development and metabolism that promote plant.Phosphorus needed for plant is mainly from soil
It is obtained in earth phosphorus library and phosphate fertilizer, therefore is the phosphorus content level of improvement soil using phosphate fertilizer, improve the important means of crop yield.
Loess Plateau Eco-Environment is fragile, barren soil, severe water and soil erosion, farming low output.For fertilizing soil, produce are made in increase
Amount, what loess plateau peasant household generally used at present, which applies phosphorus technology, is：It is annual broadcast before spread fertilizer over the fields or apply chemical fertilizer with sowing, year phosphorus
The amount of application of fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is generally 90 and 150kg/hm2.Wheat and corn are that two generalized grains that loess plateau is mainly planted make
Object, the in recent years average annual phosphorus application amount of the region wheat and corn（P2O5）Respectively up to 120 and 180kg/hm2Left and right, and also have by
Gradually increased trend.Phosphorus is largely applied for a long time, soil available phosphorus level increases substantially, the increased risk being lost in water body, so as to
Threaten ecological environment.It is long-term simultaneously largely to apply phosphate fertilizer, it is exhausted to also result in limited phosphate rock resource.How phosphorus is rationally applied, suitably
Control reduces phosphorus application amount, realizes applying quantity of chemical fertilizer zero growth rate, it has also become the hot spot of domestic and foreign scholars' concern, therefore develop phosphate fertilizer
Subtract the technology of applying to agricultural production efficiency, it is particularly important to reduce risk of environmental pollution etc..
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods, crop yield and soil fertilizer
Power is steadily increasing, and technical solution is as follows：
Loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
A, plot pre-processes
Plot is deep ploughed and harrows a kind of farm tools ground grading by the beginning of spring；
B, plot separates
Plot is divided into growth belt and non-planting band, long-term cropping on growth belt stacks stalk fermentation on non-planting band；
C, preceding stubble corn planting
The maize planting on growth belt；
D, preceding stubble corn straw smashing
It is gathered in after preceding stubble corn maturation, deep ploughing stubble-cleaning simultaneously crushes stalk spare；
E, rear stubble wheat interplanting
Entering the winter after harvest corn for the year is deep ploughed plot and harrows a kind of farm tools ground grading, by preceding stubble non-planting band and growth belt plot
Cultivation is replaced, new plantation band plot plants wheat, stacks stalk fermentation on non-planting band, gathered in simultaneously after second year maturation
Stalk is crushed to spare, the corn wheat interplanting operation of one cycle of completion；
F, subsequent cycle is interplanted
The A to E that repeats the above steps carries out the corn wheat interplanting operation of subsequent cycle.
The non-planting band is higher than growth belt, and non-planting band is in ditch in ridge growth belt.
The non-planting bandwidth 50-70cm, plantation bandwidth 30-40cm.
The non-planting band is higher than growth belt, and non-planting band is in ridge growth belt in ditch, difference in height 5-10cm.
The growth belt of step C, E and non-planting band full overlay film are sowed after overlay film.
Every 667m2Non-planting band crop-residue incorporation 500-600kg, stalk are stacked and in stalk surface layer earthing, earthing
Layer thickness 5-10cm.
Deep plough 25-30cm before the annual new crop-planting.
The non-planting band and growth belt are separated using timber or reinforcing bar division.
The wheat and corn straw smashing granularity 3-5cm.
Plot applies nitrogenous fertilizer and next year applies phosphate fertilizer every year in the step E, and N bases apply gross weight 90kg/ every year in fertilizer
hm2, P bases next year apply gross weight 75kg/hm2, apply fertilizer during deep ploughing after crop harvests.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, the shifting cultivation method of spring maize cooperation winter wheat that the present invention researches and develops, growth belt farming plant, non-planting band are stacked
Stalk fermentation, significant increase land utilization ratio, straw decomposition time extended to 12 months by original 7 months, straw decomposition rate
It greatly improves.Increase soil fertility by extending the straw decomposition time, reduce chemical fertilizer and use.Stalk is substantially improved simultaneously
Agriculture waste resource recycles.
2nd, growth belt and non-planting band full overlay film are sowed after overlay film, and the temperature and moisture for effectively increasing returning to the field stalk contain
Amount, reduces the variation of temperature and moisture in returning to the field stalk, further improves straw decomposition rate.
3rd, non-planting band is higher than growth belt, and non-planting band in ditch, promotes precipitation to from non-planting band to kind in ridge growth belt
It plants band to collect, increases the soil moisture content of growth belt, collect the rain moisture effect, the limited water in loess plateau is effectively utilized
Resource.
4th, returning to the field stalk does not need to the specially treateds such as independent fermentation, compost, without addition Straw decomposing microbial inoculum, without returning
Stalk is received, without heavy manual labor, is fermented together with plant growth stalk, ferment effect more preferably fertility is more excellent.We
Method had both solved the technical barrier of straw-returning, showed good crop yield and soil fertility effect.
5th, this research and development can reducing application amount of phosphate fertilizer 59%, nitrogenous fertilizer 40%, wheat and corn yield also significantly increase, while soil is organic
Matter, full nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content also significantly increase, and Soil Fertility Quality improves.Corn and wheat stalk full dose chopping and returning, have
Effect solves stalk handling problems, it is entirely avoided crop straw burning pollutes the possibility of environment.
Specific embodiment
Loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
A, plot pre-processes
Plot is deep ploughed and harrows a kind of farm tools ground grading by the beginning of spring；
B, plot separates
Plot is divided into growth belt and non-planting band, long-term cropping on growth belt stacks stalk fermentation on non-planting band；
C, preceding stubble corn planting
The maize planting on growth belt；
D, preceding stubble corn straw smashing
It is gathered in after preceding stubble corn maturation, deep ploughing stubble-cleaning simultaneously crushes stalk spare；
E, rear stubble wheat interplanting
Entering the winter after harvest corn for the year is deep ploughed plot and harrows a kind of farm tools ground grading, by preceding stubble non-planting band and growth belt plot
Cultivation is replaced, new plantation band plot plants wheat, stacks stalk fermentation on non-planting band, gathered in simultaneously after second year maturation
Stalk is crushed to spare, the corn wheat interplanting operation of one cycle of completion；
F, subsequent cycle is interplanted
The A to E that repeats the above steps carries out the corn wheat interplanting operation of subsequent cycle.
The non-planting band is higher than growth belt, and non-planting band is in ditch in ridge growth belt.The non-planting bandwidth 50-70cm,
Plant bandwidth 30-40cm.The non-planting band is higher than growth belt, and non-planting band is in ridge growth belt in ditch, difference in height 5-10cm.Institute
The growth belt of step C, E and the full overlay film of non-planting band are stated, is sowed after overlay film.
Every 667m2Non-planting band crop-residue incorporation 500-600kg, stalk are stacked and in stalk surface layer earthing, earthing
Layer thickness 5-10cm.Deep plough 25-30cm before the annual new crop-planting.The non-planting band and growth belt using timber or
Reinforcing bar division separates.The wheat and corn straw smashing granularity 3-5cm.Plot applies nitrogenous fertilizer next year every year in the step E
Phosphate fertilizer is applied, N bases apply gross weight 90kg/hm every year in fertilizer2, P bases next year apply gross weight 75kg/hm2, crop harvest after deep plough
Shi Jinhang applies fertilizer.
Specific embodiment：
Loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods, include the following steps：
A, plot pre-processes
Plot is deep ploughed and harrows a kind of farm tools ground grading by the beginning of spring；
B, plot separates
Plot is divided into growth belt and non-planting band, long-term cropping on growth belt stacks stalk fermentation on non-planting band；
C, preceding stubble corn planting
The maize planting on growth belt, corn 3-6cm of seed level, spacing in the rows 25-30 cm, 40-50cm of line-spacing, Basic Seedling 4.5-
5.5 ten thousand plants/hm2；
D, preceding stubble corn straw smashing
It is gathered in after preceding stubble corn maturation, deep ploughing stubble-cleaning simultaneously crushes stalk spare；
E, wheat is interplanted
Entering the winter after harvest corn for the year is deep ploughed plot and harrows a kind of farm tools ground grading, by preceding stubble non-planting band and growth belt plot
Cultivation is replaced, new plantation band plot plants wheat, stacks stalk fermentation on non-planting band, gathered in simultaneously after second year maturation
Stalk is crushed spare, complete the corn wheat interplanting operation of a cycle, wheat 3-5cm of seed level, 15-20cm of line-spacing, base
Ten thousand plants/the hm of this seedling 375-4502；
F, subsequent cycle is interplanted
The A to E that repeats the above steps carries out the corn wheat interplanting operation of subsequent cycle.
Implementation result
In Gansu Province Pingliang Jingchuan County, result of the test for years shows using technique corn and wheat yield difference
More conventional fertilising（All apply phosphate fertilizer every year）Increase by 3% and 7% respectively, and Phosphorus fertilizer usage 59% can be reduced, reduce nitrogen application
Amount 40%.Relatively control increases by 12%, 16% and 17% respectively for the soil organism, total nitrogen content and quick-acting potassium content.
Claims (10)
1. loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
A, plot pre-processes
Plot is deep ploughed and harrows a kind of farm tools ground grading by the beginning of spring；
B, plot separates
Plot is divided into growth belt and non-planting band, long-term cropping on growth belt stacks stalk fermentation on non-planting band；
C, preceding stubble corn planting
The maize planting on growth belt；
D, preceding stubble corn straw smashing
It is gathered in after preceding stubble corn maturation, deep ploughing stubble-cleaning simultaneously crushes stalk spare；
E, rear stubble wheat interplanting
Entering the winter after harvest corn for the year is deep ploughed plot and harrows a kind of farm tools ground grading, by preceding stubble non-planting band and growth belt plot
Cultivation is replaced, new plantation band plot plants wheat, stacks stalk fermentation on non-planting band, gathered in simultaneously after second year maturation
Stalk is crushed to spare, the corn wheat interplanting operation of one cycle of completion；
F, subsequent cycle is interplanted
The A to E that repeats the above steps carries out the corn wheat interplanting operation of subsequent cycle.
2. a kind of loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described non-kind
Band is planted higher than growth belt, and non-planting band is in ditch in ridge growth belt.
3. a kind of loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described non-kind
Plant bandwidth 50-70cm, plantation bandwidth 30-40cm.
4. a kind of loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described non-kind
Band is planted higher than growth belt, and non-planting band is in ridge growth belt in ditch, difference in height 5-10cm.
A kind of 5. loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
C, the growth belt of E and non-planting band full overlay film are sowed after overlay film.
6. a kind of loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described every
667m2Non-planting band crop-residue incorporation 500-600kg, stalk are stacked and in stalk surface layer earthing, earthing layer thickness 5-10cm.
7. a kind of loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described annual
Deep plough 25-30cm before new crop-planting.
8. a kind of loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described non-kind
Band and growth belt is planted to separate using timber or reinforcing bar division.
A kind of 9. loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the wheat
With corn straw smashing granularity 3-5cm.
A kind of 10. loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Plot applies nitrogenous fertilizer and next year applies phosphate fertilizer every year in E, and N bases apply gross weight 90kg/hm every year in fertilizer2, P bases next year apply gross weight
75kg/hm2, apply fertilizer during deep ploughing after crop harvests.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810149381.8A CN108243872A (en) | 2018-02-13 | 2018-02-13 | Loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810149381.8A CN108243872A (en) | 2018-02-13 | 2018-02-13 | Loess plateau corn wheat crop rotation implantation methods |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109042158A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-21 | 河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of regional three kind of three receipts Silage high-yield planting method in Henan south |
| CN109874618A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-14 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of novel intercropping and interplanting strip cropping method |
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| CN109874618A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-14 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of novel intercropping and interplanting strip cropping method |
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