CN107114105A - A kind of method that use wheat green manuring technology repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
A kind of method that use wheat green manuring technology repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- CN107114105A CN107114105A CN201710466694.1A CN201710466694A CN107114105A CN 107114105 A CN107114105 A CN 107114105A CN 201710466694 A CN201710466694 A CN 201710466694A CN 107114105 A CN107114105 A CN 107114105A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that use wheat green manuring technology repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, before plantation peanut, wheat is first planted in Peanut Fields, wheat plant is smashed to green manuring as base manure after wheat enters jointing-booting stage, because nutrient and organic matter are more contained by wheat stalk in jointing-booting stage, can be long-term by the organic fertilizer formed after its green manuring, balancedly nutrient is provided for the growth of peanut, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer during peanut cultivation, improve soil regime, Tanaka's soil environment deteriorates caused by avoiding long-term single cropping peanut, nutrient is unbalanced.The invention is not only increase soil fertility, and improves the physicochemical character of soil, and can reduce weeds, mitigates the harm of peanut disease pest, is improved the yield of peanut, is increased the output value of peanut.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to be spent with the reparation of wheat green manuring technology the present invention relates to increasing crop yield technical field
The method of raw continuous cropping obstacle.
Background technology
Peanut is the main oil crops and industrial crops of China, and the long-term cultivated area of China's peanut is about 75,000,000 mu,
15,000,000 tons or so of total yield, accounts for the 50% of oil crops total yield, at home in oil crops, peanut per unit area yield, total yield and outlet
Amount ranks first.Shelled peanut oil content is 43%~55%, and unit area oil production is 2 times of rape, 4 times of soybean.Relatively
In other oil crops, peanut has that production scale is big, planting benefit is high, oil-producing efficiency high, oil quality are good, international market is competing
The characteristics of power is strong is striven, development generation industry is to ensureing that China's grease supply security is significant.
At present, China is mainly merely by a large amount of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals applied to keep the high yield of peanut, and quantifies greatly
Fertilizer and the use of agricultural chemicals cause serious destruction to peanut cultivation soil and environment, part is planted peanut time longer excellent
There is the non-equilibrium enrichment of soil nutrient and depletion in matter peanut region, and soil nutrient unbalanced supply, farmland ecological environment deteriorates,
So as to cause Quality of Peanuts and peanut cultivation benefit to be decreased obviously, loss is caused to peanut cultivation person, while also constraining flower
The sustainable development of production.
In addition, the underproduction of peanut continuous cropping is serious, the continuous cropping underproduction in 1 year 20% or so, the underproduction more than 30% in 2 years, the year of continuous cropping
Limit is longer, and underproduction amplitude is bigger.The main cause of the peanut continuous cropping underproduction is that under Continuous Mono-cropping, the disease of some soil-bornes is such as
Bacterial wilt, nematodiasis etc. can remain substantial amounts of pathogen in soil, cause disease serious year by year.In addition peanut is to soil
The absorption of nutrient has certain selectivity in earth, is continuously planted in same piece of land, certainly will lack some nutrients
It is weary, prevent peanut from normal growth and development, so as to influence yield.
Soil-sickness Problem has a strong impact on the yield and quality of peanut, governs China's peanut industry sustainable development.
There is research to think that suppression harmful bacteria is accumulated, germ increases, soil microbial community is unbalance and soil physico-chemical property deterioration is that peanut connects
Make the Main Factors of obstacle.
Therefore, how to provide a kind of is those skilled in the art's urgent need to resolve using wheat green manuring solution peanut continuous cropping obstacle
The problem of.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of method that use wheat green manuring technology repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, this is utilized
Method plants peanut, not only increases soil fertility, and improves the physicochemical character of soil, and reduce weeds and mitigate peanut by disease pest
Harm, it is possible to increase the yield of peanut, the output value for increasing peanut.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method that use wheat green manuring technology repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, comprises the following steps：
(1) wheat is planted：With 18~20kg/ mus of application rate, 4~5cm depth of planting plantation wheat in Peanut Fields；
(2) green manuring：Wheat enters jointing-boot stage, by rotary cultivator by the overall green manuring of wheat plant；
(3) apply fertilizer：Urea, phosphoric acid diamines and potassium sulfate are spread fertilizer over the fields in Peanut Fields；
(4) peanut seed is chosen：From the big pod that full, shape is neat, nothing is broken of fruit, dried in the air before the pod is peeled off
Shine 1~3 day, carry out further grain-by-grain seed selection after peeling off, selection grain colour purity is just, the neat Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds of shape plants；
(5) mechanical planting：Mechanical planting is carried out by seeder, and the seeder operating process includes ridging, broadcast
Kind, sprinkling herbicide, overlay film, seedling band earthing on film；
(6) clear restraining the growth of seedlings：After plantation 15~20 days, peanut tidy seedlings output is treated, hoe 2cm around fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling is taken off with small hand remote
A circle soil is dug in place around seedling, and two cotyledons are lightly clawed ground with hand.
(7) topdress：In the full fruiting period that bears pods, targetedly imposed according to the condition of production of peanut in the method for foliage-spray
Fertilizer and plant growth regulator, to promote the formation of Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds；
(8) suitable period harvest：When peanut leaf color turns yellow, part cauline leaf is dried-up, you can be dried in the air in time after harvest, and harvest
Shine.
It is preferred that, in step (3), the application of urea described in every mu of Peanut Fields, the phosphoric acid diamines and the potassium sulfate
The ratio between amount is (8~10)：(10~13)：(1~3).
It is preferred that, in step (5), the height on the ridge is 10~12cm, the two neighboring ridge during the ridging
Distance be 85~90cm, the wherein wide 30cm of furrow, 55~60cm of ridge face width.
It is preferred that, in step (5), monoseeding hill spacing major peanut kind 11-12cm, small pod peanut product in the seeding process
Plant 10~11cm；Double grains sowing hill spacing major peanut 15~17cm of kind, 13~15cm of small pod peanut kind.
It is preferred that, also comprise the following steps after step (6)：The field being substantially short of seedling to be filled the gaps with seedlings early, simultaneously
It is noted that pulling out big grass.
It is preferred that, in step (7), the fertilizer typically selects potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the plant growth regulator is typically selected
With green wind 95.
It is preferred that, in step (8), if peanut will reserve seed for planting, it need to be harvested before frost and dry processing.
It is preferred that, in step (1), the form of plantation wheat is drilling.
It is preferred that, in step (2), the revolution of the rotary cultivator is 450~500 turns.
The depth requirements for being embedded to soil layer are different by different seeds, and the seeding method suitably used is also different,
Common seeding method is broadcasted sowing, drilling etc..
Broadcast sowing：Wheat seed is equably sprinkling upon in soil.The mode broadcasted sowing is quickly time saving, but wheat seeds are difficult to be evenly distributed.
Specific practice is as follows：(1) soil scarifying is flattened, seed is equably sprinkling upon Tu Mianshang；(2) with picking or the farm implements such as hoe are stirred
Thin solum, makes seed bury.
Drilling：Seed is sown into soil layer with embarking on journey according to a determining deviation, the depth of this mode seed sowing is more consistent,
Seed distribution uniform.Specific practice is as follows：(1) soil is flattened, simple seed furrow is outputed on soil layer surface with farm implements；(2)
Seed is equably sprinkling upon in shallow ridges；(3) burying seed furrow with farm implements makes covering depth 3-6cm.
The main cause that peanut increases production with other shift of crops：One is to increase soil fertility, peanut and gramineous crop, sweet
The crop rotations such as potato, vegetables, because nutrient uptake feature is different, can more make full use of the nutrition in soil, realize that nutritional ingredient absorbs and mutual
Mend and utilize, simultaneously because the nitrogen nutrition in soil can be increased after peanut rhizobium fixed nitrogen, harvest；Two be to improve soil physical chemistry
Character, different shift of crops has desirable influence to soil physical and chemical property, and Peanut Root System is deeper, the calcium collection that can be harrowed in soil
Gather in upper soll layer, strengthen soil granular structure；The shallower porosity that can make soil of root system of other gramineous crop increases, and promotees
Enter the decomposition of microorganism, increase active ingredient；Three be to reduce weeds and pest and disease damage, and any disease pest and weeds all must be suitable
Could live procreation under host or commensalism environment, by the crop of crop rotation different genera, disease pest can be made to lose host, weeds do not have
Have an environment of commensalism, thus disease pest and the quantity of weeds greatly reduce, it is even dead, with mitigate disease pest, weeds harm.
Select the reason for wheat is as the long-term cropping for releasing peanut continuous cropping obstacle：First, breeding time is suitable, harvesting peanut one
As be during which beneficial to wheat growth in 4-5 months in September part, sowing；2nd, it is easy to draw materials, and wheat seed is easier to obtain；3rd,
The wheat seeding green manuring of crushing, can increase the soil organism.
Understood via above-mentioned technical scheme, compared with prior art, wheat green manuring is used the present disclosure provides one kind
The method that technology repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, before plantation peanut, first plants wheat in Peanut Fields, enters in wheat and pull out
Wheat plant is smashed to green manuring as base manure after section-boot stage, due to nutrient contained by wheat stalk in jointing-boot stage and organic
Thing is more, can provide nutrient for the growth of peanut for a long time, balancedly by the organic fertilizer formed after its green manuring, reduce peanut kind
The use of chemical fertilizer, improves soil regime during plant, it is to avoid Tanaka's soil environment is disliked caused by long-term single cropping peanut
Change, nutrient are unbalanced.The invention is not only increase soil fertility, and improves the physicochemical character of soil, and can reduce weeds, mitigates flower
The harm of sick worm, improves the yield of peanut, increases the output value of peanut.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
The embodiment of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis
The accompanying drawing of offer obtains other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 accompanying drawings are the flow chart for a kind of method that use wheat green manuring technology repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of method that use wheat green manuring technology repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, soil is not only improved
Earth fertility, improves the physicochemical character of soil, and can reduce weeds, mitigates the harm of peanut disease pest, improves the yield of peanut, increases
Plus the output value of peanut.
To more fully understand the present invention, further specific elaboration, but not is made to the present invention below by following examples
Limitation of the invention is can be regarded as, some made for those skilled in the art according to foregoing invention content are nonessential
Improve with adjusting, be also considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) wheat is planted：With 20kg/ mus of application rate, 4cm depth of planting plantation wheat in Peanut Fields；
(2) green manuring：Wheat enters jointing-phase in boot stage, by rotary cultivator by the overall green manuring of wheat plant；
(3) apply fertilizer：Urea, phosphoric acid diamines and potassium sulfate are spread fertilizer over the fields in Peanut Fields；
(4) peanut seed is chosen：From the big pod that full, shape is neat, nothing is broken of fruit, 1 is dried before pod is peeled off
My god, carry out further grain-by-grain seed selection after peeling off, selection grain colour purity is just, the neat Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds of shape plants；
(5) mechanical planting：Mechanical planting is carried out by seeder, and the seeder operating process includes ridging, broadcast
Kind, sprinkling herbicide, overlay film, seedling band earthing on film；The height on ridge is 10cm, the distance on two neighboring ridge wherein during ridging
For 85cm, the wherein wide 30cm of furrow, ridge face width 55cm；The sowing hill spacing of simple grain major peanut is 11cm in seeding process；
(6) clear restraining the growth of seedlings：After plantation 15 days, peanut tidy seedlings output is treated, is taken off with small hand and uproots place remote 2cm around fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling
A circle soil is dug around seedling, and two cotyledons are lightly clawed ground with hand；
(7) topdress：In the full fruiting period that bears pods, targetedly imposed according to the condition of production of peanut in the method for foliage-spray
Fertilizer and plant growth regulator, to promote the formation of Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds；
(8) suitable period harvest：When peanut leaf color turns yellow, part cauline leaf is dried-up, you can be dried in the air in time after harvest, and harvest
Shine.
Embodiment 2
(1) wheat is planted：With 20kg/ mus of application rate, 5cm depth of planting plantation wheat in Peanut Fields；
(2) green manuring：Wheat enters jointing-phase in boot stage, by rotary cultivator by the overall green manuring of wheat plant；
(3) apply fertilizer：Urea, phosphoric acid diamines and potassium sulfate are spread fertilizer over the fields in Peanut Fields；
(4) peanut seed is chosen：From the big pod that full, shape is neat, nothing is broken of fruit, 2 are dried before pod is peeled off
My god, carry out further grain-by-grain seed selection after peeling off, selection grain colour purity is just, the neat Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds of shape plants；
(5) mechanical planting：Mechanical planting is carried out by seeder, and the seeder operating process includes ridging, broadcast
Kind, sprinkling herbicide, overlay film, seedling band earthing on film；The height on ridge is 11cm, the distance on two neighboring ridge wherein during ridging
For 85cm, the wherein wide 30cm of furrow, ridge face width 55cm；The sowing hill spacing of simple grain major peanut is 12cm in seeding process；
(6) clear restraining the growth of seedlings：After plantation 15 days, peanut tidy seedlings output is treated, is taken off with small hand and uproots place remote 2cm around fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling
A circle soil is dug around seedling, and two cotyledons are lightly clawed ground with hand；
(7) topdress：In the full fruiting period that bears pods, targetedly imposed according to the condition of production of peanut in the method for foliage-spray
Fertilizer and plant growth regulator, to promote the formation of Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds；
(8) suitable period harvest：When peanut leaf color turns yellow, part cauline leaf is dried-up, you can be dried in the air in time after harvest, and harvest
Shine.
Embodiment 3
(1) wheat is planted：With 18kg/ mus of application rate, 4cm depth of planting plantation wheat in Peanut Fields；
(2) green manuring：Wheat enters jointing-phase in boot stage, by rotary cultivator by the overall green manuring of wheat plant；
(3) apply fertilizer：Urea, phosphoric acid diamines and potassium sulfate are spread fertilizer over the fields in Peanut Fields；
(4) peanut seed is chosen：From the big pod that full, shape is neat, nothing is broken of fruit, 3 are dried before pod is peeled off
My god, carry out further grain-by-grain seed selection after peeling off, selection grain colour purity is just, the neat Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds of shape plants；
(5) mechanical planting：Mechanical planting is carried out by seeder, and the seeder operating process includes ridging, broadcast
Kind, sprinkling herbicide, overlay film, seedling band earthing on film；The height on ridge is 12cm, the distance on two neighboring ridge wherein during ridging
For 90cm, the wherein wide 30cm of furrow, ridge face width 60cm；The sowing hill spacing of double grains small pod peanut is 14cm in seeding process；
(6) clear restraining the growth of seedlings：After plantation 20 days, peanut tidy seedlings output is treated, is taken off with small hand and uproots place remote 2cm around fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling
A circle soil is dug around seedling, and two cotyledons are lightly clawed ground with hand；
(7) topdress：In the full fruiting period that bears pods, targetedly imposed according to the condition of production of peanut in the method for foliage-spray
Fertilizer and plant growth regulator, to promote the formation of Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds；
(8) suitable period harvest：When peanut leaf color turns yellow, part cauline leaf is dried-up, you can be dried in the air in time after harvest, and harvest
Shine.
Operated by this method, every mu of increase expense is as follows：25 jin of wheat seed, seeding operation takes 20 yuan, rotary tillage machine operation
Take 40 yuan, wheat seed adds up to 110 yuan based on 2 yuan.Test data is shown within 2016, than the volume increase of continuous cropping plot for many years
14.28%, (238 kilograms of continuous cropping plot Pod Yield, 272 kilograms of patent working plot Pod Yield increase production 34 kilograms), pod
Price increases income 66.8 yuan based on 5.2 yuan/kilogram.
Field investigation in 2016：Patent working plot, seedling stage is died of illness strain rate 2.28%, and continuous cropping plot is died of illness strain rate
2.85%；Strain rate of being died of illness during harvest 2.83%, continuous cropping plot is died of illness strain rate 3.27%.
The embodiment of each in this specification is described by the way of progressive, and what each embodiment was stressed is and other
Between the difference of embodiment, each embodiment identical similar portion mutually referring to.For device disclosed in embodiment
For, because it is corresponded to the method disclosed in Example, so description is fairly simple, related part is said referring to method part
It is bright.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables professional and technical personnel in the field to realize or using the present invention.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, it is of the invention
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The most wide scope caused.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method that use wheat green manuring technology repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) wheat is planted：With 18~20kg/ mus of application rate, 4~5cm depth of planting plantation wheat in Peanut Fields；
(2) green manuring：Wheat enters jointing-boot stage, by rotary cultivator by the overall green manuring of wheat plant；
(3) apply fertilizer：Urea, phosphoric acid diamines and potassium sulfate are spread fertilizer over the fields in Peanut Fields；
(4) peanut seed is chosen：From the big pod that full, shape is neat, nothing is broken of fruit, 1 is dried before the pod is peeled off
~3 days, carry out further grain-by-grain seed selection after peeling off, selection grain colour purity is just, the neat Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds of shape plants；
(5) mechanical planting：Mechanical planting is carried out by seeder, and the seeder operating process includes ridging, sowing, spray
Spill herbicide, overlay film, seedling band earthing on film；
(6) clear restraining the growth of seedlings：After plantation 15~20 days, peanut tidy seedlings output is treated, place remote 2cm around fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling is around seedling with small hand
A circle soil is dug, and two cotyledons are lightly clawed ground with hand；
(7) topdress：In the full fruiting period that bears pods, fertilizer is targetedly imposed in the method for foliage-spray according to the condition of production of peanut
And plant growth regulator, to promote the formation of peanut pod；
(8) suitable period harvest：When peanut leaf color turns yellow, part cauline leaf is dried-up, you can be dried in time after harvest, and harvest.
2. the method that a kind of use wheat green manuring technology according to claim 1 repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that
In step (3), the ratio between applied amount of urea described in every mu of Peanut Fields, the phosphoric acid diamines and the potassium sulfate is (8~10)：
(10~13)：(1~3).
3. the method that a kind of use wheat green manuring technology according to claim 1 repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that
In step (5), the height on the ridge is 10~12cm during the ridging, the distance on the two neighboring ridge for 85~
90cm, wherein furrow wide 30cm, 55~60cm of ridge face width.
4. the method that a kind of use wheat green manuring technology according to claim 1 repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that
In step (5), monoseeding hill spacing major peanut 11~12cm of kind, 10~11cm of small pod peanut kind in the seeding process；It is double
Grain sowing hill spacing major peanut 15~17cm of kind, 13~15cm of small pod peanut kind.
5. the method that a kind of use wheat green manuring technology according to claim 1 repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that
Also comprise the following steps after step (6)：The field being substantially short of seedling to be filled the gaps with seedlings early, while it is noted that pulling out big grass.
6. the method that a kind of use wheat green manuring technology according to claim 1 repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that
In step (7), the fertilizer typically selects potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the plant growth regulator typically selects green wind 95.
7. the method that a kind of use wheat green manuring technology according to claim 1 repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that
In step (8), if peanut will reserve seed for planting, it need to be harvested before frost and dry processing.
8. the method that a kind of use wheat green manuring technology according to claim 1 repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that
In step (1), the form of plantation wheat is drilling.
9. the method that a kind of use wheat green manuring technology according to claim 1 repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that
In step (2), the revolution of the rotary cultivator is 450~500 turns.
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| CN201710466694.1A CN107114105B (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-06-20 | Method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacle by wheat pressing technology |
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| CN201710466694.1A CN107114105B (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-06-20 | Method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacle by wheat pressing technology |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107593301A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 刘万顺 | A kind of peanut crop rotation continuous implantation methods of high yield |
| CN110558191A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-13 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacle through combined green pressing of rape and onion |
| CN112970547A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 南阳市经济作物技术推广站 | Peanut planting method for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN114246115A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-29 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Method for improving peanut yield in saline-alkali clay land |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107593301A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 刘万顺 | A kind of peanut crop rotation continuous implantation methods of high yield |
| CN110558191A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-13 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacle through combined green pressing of rape and onion |
| CN110558191B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-03-23 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacle through combined green pressing of rape and onion |
| CN112970547A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 南阳市经济作物技术推广站 | Peanut planting method for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN114246115A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-29 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Method for improving peanut yield in saline-alkali clay land |
| CN114246115B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-01-06 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Method for improving peanut yield in saline-alkali clay land |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107114105B (en) | 2020-05-08 |
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