CN107114105B - Method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacle by wheat pressing technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using a wheat green pressing technology, wherein before peanuts are planted, wheat is planted in a peanut field, wheat plants are broken and green pressed to serve as a base fertilizer after the wheat enters a jointing-booting period, and the organic fertilizer formed by green pressing can provide nutrients for the growth of the peanuts for a long time and uniformly due to the fact that the wheat straws contain more nutrients and organic matters in the jointing-booting period, so that the use of chemical fertilizers in the peanut planting process is reduced, the soil condition is improved, and the deterioration and imbalance of the soil environment in the field caused by single planting of the peanuts for a long time are avoided. The invention not only improves the soil fertility and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also can reduce weeds, reduce the harm of diseases and pests of peanuts, improve the yield of the peanuts and increase the output value of the peanuts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop yield increase, in particular to a method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using a wheat green pressing technology.
Background
Peanuts are main oil crops and economic crops in China, the perennial planting area of the peanuts in China is about 7500 ten thousand mu, the total yield is about 1500 ten thousand tons, and the total yield accounts for 50 percent of the total yield of the oil crops, and in the oil crops in China, the unit yield, the total yield and the export output of the peanuts are in the top position. The oil content of the peanut kernel is 43-55%, and the oil yield per unit area is 2 times that of rape and 4 times that of soybean. Compared with other oil crops, the peanuts have the characteristics of large production scale, high planting benefit, high oil production efficiency, good oil quality and strong international market competitiveness, and the development and generation industry has great significance for guaranteeing the safety of oil supply in China.
At present, China mainly depends on the application of a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to keep the high yield of peanuts, and the use of the large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes serious damage to peanut planting soil and environment, so that unbalanced enrichment and depletion of soil nutrients occur in part of high-quality peanut areas with longer peanut planting time, soil nutrient supply is unbalanced, and the ecological environment of a farmland deteriorates, thereby obviously reducing the peanut quality and the peanut planting benefit, causing loss to peanut growers, and simultaneously restricting the sustainable development of peanut production.
In addition, the yield reduction of the continuous cropping of the peanuts is serious, the yield reduction of the continuous cropping is about 20 percent in one year, the yield reduction of the continuous cropping is more than 30 percent in two years, and the longer the continuous cropping year is, the greater the yield reduction amplitude is. The main reason for the continuous cropping and yield reduction of peanuts is that under the continuous cropping condition, a large amount of pathogenic bacteria such as bacterial wilt, nematode disease and the like which are transmitted by some soil can remain in the soil, so that the diseases are more serious one year than one year. In addition, peanuts have certain selectivity on the absorption of nutrient elements in soil, and when the peanuts are continuously planted on the same land, certain nutrient elements are inevitably deficient, so that the peanuts cannot normally grow and develop, and the yield is influenced.
The continuous cropping obstacle problem seriously affects the yield and the quality of peanuts and restricts the sustainable development of the peanut industry in China. The accumulation of autotoxic substances, the increase of pathogenic bacteria, the unbalance of soil microbial communities and the deterioration of soil physicochemical properties are considered to be main factors of the peanut continuous cropping obstacle.
Therefore, how to provide a method for solving the continuous cropping obstacle of peanuts by using wheat green pressing is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using a wheat green pressing technology, and the method for planting peanuts not only improves soil fertility and physical and chemical properties of soil, but also reduces weeds and damages of diseases and insects to the peanuts, and can improve the yield of the peanuts and increase the output value of the peanuts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using a wheat pressing technology comprises the following steps:
(1) planting wheat: planting wheat in a peanut field at a seeding rate of 18-20 kg/mu and a seeding depth of 4-5 cm;
(2) pressing green: when the wheat enters the jointing-booting period, the whole wheat plant is green pressed through a rotary cultivator;
(3) fertilizing: spreading urea, diamine phosphate and potassium sulfate in peanut field;
(4) selecting peanut seeds: selecting pods which are plump and neat in shape and have no breakage, airing for 1-3 days before shelling the pods, carrying out further grain selection after shelling, and selecting peanut seeds which are pure in grain color and neat in shape as seeds;
(5) mechanical seeding: mechanically sowing by a sowing machine, wherein the operation process of the sowing machine comprises ridging, sowing, herbicide spraying, film mulching and seedling belt earthing on the film;
(6) cleaning the squat seedlings: after planting for 15-20 days, when the peanuts grow completely, digging a circle of soil around the peanuts in a place 2cm away from the peanut seedlings by a small hand hoe, and slightly digging two cotyledons out of the ground by a hand.
(7) Topdressing: in the pod bearing and fruit saturation period, the fertilizer and the plant growth regulator are applied by a foliar spraying method according to the production condition of the peanuts so as to promote the formation of peanut grains;
(8) harvesting in a proper period: when the color of the peanut leaves turns yellow and part of the stems and leaves are withered, the peanut leaves can be harvested and aired in time after harvesting.
Preferably, in the step (3), the application amount ratio of the urea to the diamine phosphate to the potassium sulfate per acre of peanut field is (8-10): (10-13): (1-3).
Preferably, in the step (5), the height of each ridge in the ridging process is 10-12 cm, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 85-90 cm, the width of each ridge groove is 30cm, and the width of each ridge surface is 55-60 cm.
Preferably, in the step (5), in the sowing process, the single-seed sowing hole distance is 11-12cm from the large peanut variety, and the small peanut variety is 10-11 cm; the double-grain sowing hole distance is 15-17 cm for large peanut varieties and 13-15 cm for small peanut varieties.
Preferably, step (6) is followed by the following steps: the field with obvious seedling shortage needs to be replanted as soon as possible, and the large grass needs to be removed.
Preferably, in step (7), the fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the plant growth regulator is green wind 95.
Preferably, in the step (8), if the peanuts are to be reserved, the peanuts need to be harvested and aired before frost treatment.
Preferably, in step (1), the wheat is planted in the form of drill seeding.
Preferably, in the step (2), the number of revolutions of the rotary cultivator is 450-500.
Different seeds have different requirements on the depth of the seeds embedded into the soil layer, and the suitable sowing modes are different, and the common sowing modes comprise broadcast sowing, drill sowing and the like.
Broadcasting: wheat seeds are uniformly scattered in the soil. The sowing mode is quick and time-saving, but the wheat seeds are not easy to be uniformly distributed. The method comprises the following steps: (1) soil is turned loose and leveled, and seeds are uniformly scattered on the soil surface; (2) the shallow soil is turned by using agricultural implements such as a hoe or a hoe to insert the seeds into the soil.
Drilling: the seeds are sowed into the soil layer in rows at certain intervals, and the sowing depth of the seeds is consistent and the seeds are distributed uniformly. The method comprises the following steps: (1) leveling soil, and digging shallow sowing ditches on the surface of a soil layer by using an agricultural tool; (2) uniformly scattering seeds in the shallow trenches; (3) burying the sowing trench with farm tools to cover the seeds with soil to a depth of 3-6 cm.
The main reasons for increasing the yield of peanuts in crop rotation with other crops are as follows: the soil fertility is improved, the peanut is in crop rotation with gramineous crops, sweet potatoes, vegetables and the like, the nutrition in the soil can be fully utilized due to different fertilizer requirement characteristics, the absorption and complementary utilization of nutrient components are realized, and the nitrogen nutrition in the soil can be increased after the peanut is harvested due to the nitrogen fixation of the peanut rhizobia; the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, different crop rotation has good influence on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the peanut root system is deep, calcium in soil can be harrowed to gather on the surface layer of the soil, and the granular structure of the soil is enhanced; in addition, the shallow root system of the gramineous crops can increase the porosity of the soil, promote the decomposition of microorganisms and increase effective components; thirdly, the weeds and the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, any diseases and pests and weeds can live and propagate only in a proper host or a compatible environment, the diseases and pests can be deprived of the host by crop rotation of different species of crops, and the weeds do not have the compatible environment, so that the quantity of the diseases and pests and the weeds is greatly reduced and even killed, and the harm of the diseases and pests and the weeds is reduced.
The reason for selecting wheat as a planting crop for relieving the peanut continuous cropping obstacle is as follows: the growth period is proper, the harvest of peanuts is generally in 9 months, the sowing is in 4-5 months, and the growth of wheat is facilitated; secondly, the materials are easy to obtain, and the wheat seeds are easy to obtain; thirdly, the crushed wheat seedlings are pressed green, so that soil organic matters can be increased.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for repairing the continuous cropping obstacle of the peanuts by using the wheat green pressing technology is characterized in that the wheat is planted in a peanut field before the peanuts are planted, wheat plants are broken and green-pressed to serve as base fertilizers after the wheat enters the jointing-booting period, and the organic fertilizers formed after the wheat straws are green-pressed can provide nutrients for the growth of the peanuts for a long time and evenly due to the fact that the nutrients and organic matters contained in the wheat straws are more in the jointing-booting period, so that the use of chemical fertilizers in the peanut planting process is reduced, the soil condition is improved, and the problem that the soil environment is deteriorated and the nutrients are unbalanced in the field due to the fact that the peanuts are singly planted for a long time is avoided. The invention not only improves the soil fertility and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also can reduce weeds, reduce the harm of diseases and pests of peanuts, improve the yield of the peanuts and increase the output value of the peanuts.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using a wheat green pressing technology.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using a wheat green pressing technology, which not only improves the soil fertility and the physical and chemical properties of soil, but also can reduce weeds, relieve the harm of peanut diseases and pests, improve the yield of peanuts and increase the output value of the peanuts.
The present invention will be further specifically illustrated by the following examples for better understanding, but the present invention is not to be construed as being limited thereto, and certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) Planting wheat: planting wheat in a peanut field at a seeding rate of 20 kg/mu and a seeding depth of 4 cm;
(2) pressing green: when the wheat enters the jointing-booting period, the whole wheat plant is green pressed by a rotary cultivator;
(3) fertilizing: spreading urea, diamine phosphate and potassium sulfate in peanut field;
(4) selecting peanut seeds: selecting pods which are plump and have regular shapes and no breakage, airing for 1 day before pod husking, carrying out further grain selection after husking, and selecting peanut seeds with pure grain colors and regular shapes as seeds;
(5) mechanical seeding: mechanically sowing by a sowing machine, wherein the operation process of the sowing machine comprises ridging, sowing, herbicide spraying, film mulching and seedling belt earthing on the film; the height of each ridge in the ridging process is 10cm, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 85cm, the width of each ridge groove is 30cm, and the width of each ridge surface is 55 cm; the seeding hole distance of the single large peanuts in the seeding process is 11 cm;
(6) cleaning the squat seedlings: after 15 days of planting, when the peanuts grow completely, digging a circle of soil around the peanuts in a place 2cm away from the peanut seedlings by using a small hand hoe, and slightly digging two cotyledons out of the ground by using a hand;
(7) topdressing: in the pod bearing and fruit saturation period, the fertilizer and the plant growth regulator are applied by a foliar spraying method according to the production condition of the peanuts so as to promote the formation of peanut grains;
(8) harvesting in a proper period: when the color of the peanut leaves turns yellow and part of the stems and leaves are withered, the peanut leaves can be harvested and aired in time after harvesting.
Example 2
(1) Planting wheat: planting wheat in the peanut field with the seeding rate of 20 kg/mu and the seeding depth of 5 cm;
(2) pressing green: when the wheat enters the jointing-booting period, the whole wheat plant is green pressed by a rotary cultivator;
(3) fertilizing: spreading urea, diamine phosphate and potassium sulfate in peanut field;
(4) selecting peanut seeds: selecting pods which are plump and have regular shapes and no breakage, airing for 2 days before pod husking, carrying out further grain selection after husking, and selecting peanut seeds with pure grain colors and regular shapes as seeds;
(5) mechanical seeding: mechanically sowing by a sowing machine, wherein the operation process of the sowing machine comprises ridging, sowing, herbicide spraying, film mulching and seedling belt earthing on the film; the height of each ridge in the ridging process is 11cm, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 85cm, the width of each ridge groove is 30cm, and the width of each ridge surface is 55 cm; the seeding hole distance of the single large peanuts in the seeding process is 12 cm;
(6) cleaning the squat seedlings: after 15 days of planting, when the peanuts grow completely, digging a circle of soil around the peanuts in a place 2cm away from the peanut seedlings by using a small hand hoe, and slightly digging two cotyledons out of the ground by using a hand;
(7) topdressing: in the pod bearing and fruit saturation period, the fertilizer and the plant growth regulator are applied by a foliar spraying method according to the production condition of the peanuts so as to promote the formation of peanut grains;
(8) harvesting in a proper period: when the color of the peanut leaves turns yellow and part of the stems and leaves are withered, the peanut leaves can be harvested and aired in time after harvesting.
Example 3
(1) Planting wheat: planting wheat in a peanut field at a seeding rate of 18 kg/mu and a seeding depth of 4 cm;
(2) pressing green: when the wheat enters the jointing-booting period, the whole wheat plant is green pressed by a rotary cultivator;
(3) fertilizing: spreading urea, diamine phosphate and potassium sulfate in peanut field;
(4) selecting peanut seeds: selecting pods which are plump and have regular shapes and no breakage, airing for 3 days before pod husking, carrying out further grain selection after husking, and selecting peanut seeds with pure grain colors and regular shapes as seeds;
(5) mechanical seeding: mechanically sowing by a sowing machine, wherein the operation process of the sowing machine comprises ridging, sowing, herbicide spraying, film mulching and seedling belt earthing on the film; the height of each ridge in the ridging process is 12cm, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 90cm, the width of each ridge groove is 30cm, and the width of each ridge surface is 60 cm; the seeding hole distance of the double-grain small peanuts in the seeding process is 14 cm;
(6) cleaning the squat seedlings: after 20 days of planting, when the peanuts grow completely, digging a circle of soil around the peanuts in a place 2cm away from the peanut seedlings by using a small hand hoe, and slightly digging two cotyledons out of the ground by using a hand;
(7) topdressing: in the pod bearing and fruit saturation period, the fertilizer and the plant growth regulator are applied by a foliar spraying method according to the production condition of the peanuts so as to promote the formation of peanut grains;
(8) harvesting in a proper period: when the color of the peanut leaves turns yellow and part of the stems and leaves are withered, the peanut leaves can be harvested and aired in time after harvesting.
The operation according to the method has the following cost increase per mu: wheat seeds account for 25 jin, the sowing cost is 20 yuan, the rotary cultivator cost is 40 yuan, and the wheat seeds account for 2 yuan, and the total amount is 110 yuan. The 2016 test data shows that the yield of the pod is increased by 14.28% compared with that of a continuous cropping plot of many years (the yield of the pod in the continuous cropping plot is 238 kg, the yield of the pod in the patent implementation plot is 272 kg, and the yield is increased by 34 kg), the price of the pod is calculated according to 5.2 yuan/kg, and the income is increased by 66.8 yuan.
2016 field survey: when the land is used for the patent, the plant death rate of diseases in the seedling stage is 2.28 percent, and the plant death rate of diseases in the continuous cropping land is 2.85 percent; the plant death rate of diseases during harvesting is 2.83 percent, and the plant death rate of continuous cropping plot diseases is 3.27 percent.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using a wheat pressing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planting wheat: planting wheat in a peanut field at a seeding rate of 18-20 kg/mu and a seeding depth of 4-5 cm, wherein the wheat is planted in a drill seeding mode;
(2) pressing green: when the wheat enters the jointing-booting period, the whole wheat plant is green pressed through a rotary cultivator;
(3) fertilizing: spreading urea, diamine phosphate and potassium sulfate in peanut field; the application amount ratio of the urea to the diamine phosphate to the potassium sulfate in each acre of peanut field is (8-10): (10-13): (1-3);
(4) selecting peanut seeds: selecting pods which are plump and neat in shape and have no breakage, airing for 1-3 days before shelling the pods, carrying out further grain selection after shelling, and selecting peanut seeds which are pure in grain color and neat in shape as seeds;
(5) mechanical seeding: mechanically sowing by a sowing machine, wherein the operation process of the sowing machine comprises ridging, sowing, herbicide spraying, film mulching and seedling belt earthing on the film; in the sowing process, the single-seed sowing hole distance is 11-12cm for large peanut varieties and 10-11 cm for small peanut varieties; the double-grain sowing hole distance is 15-17 cm for large peanut varieties and 13-15 cm for small peanut varieties;
(6) cleaning the squat seedlings: after planting for 15-20 days, digging a circle of soil around the peanut seedlings by using small hands at a position 2cm away from the peanut seedlings when the peanuts are grown completely, and slightly digging two cotyledons out of the ground by using hands;
(7) topdressing: in the pod bearing and fruit saturation period, the fertilizer and the plant growth regulator are applied by a foliar spraying method according to the production condition of the peanuts so as to promote the formation of the peanut pods;
(8) harvesting in a proper period: when the color of the peanut leaves turns yellow and part of the stems and leaves are withered, the peanut leaves can be harvested and aired in time after harvesting.
2. The method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using the wheat green pressing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the height of each ridge in the ridging process is 10-12 cm, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 85-90 cm, the width of each ridge is 30cm, and the width of each ridge surface is 55-60 cm.
3. The method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using the wheat pressing green technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps after the step (6): the field with obvious seedling shortage needs to be replanted as soon as possible, and the large grass needs to be removed.
4. The method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using wheat pressing green technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (7), said fertilizer is generally potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and said plant growth regulator is generally green wind 95.
5. The method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using the wheat pressing green technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (8), if the peanut needs to be planted, the peanut needs to be harvested before frost and aired.
6. The method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by using wheat pressing green technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the number of revolutions of the rotary cultivator is 450-500 revolutions.
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| CN107593301A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 刘万顺 | A kind of peanut crop rotation continuous implantation methods of high yield |
| CN110558191B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-03-23 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacle through combined green pressing of rape and onion |
| CN112970547A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 南阳市经济作物技术推广站 | Peanut planting method for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN114246115B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-01-06 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Method for improving peanut yield in saline-alkali clay land |
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