CN106034612A - Intercropping and interplanting method for blueberry orchard - Google Patents
Intercropping and interplanting method for blueberry orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN106034612A CN106034612A CN201610369208.XA CN201610369208A CN106034612A CN 106034612 A CN106034612 A CN 106034612A CN 201610369208 A CN201610369208 A CN 201610369208A CN 106034612 A CN106034612 A CN 106034612A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intercropping and interplanting method for a blueberry orchard. The method comprises the steps: carrying out interplanting of broad beans from October to November yearly after the hallow soil layer between two rows of blueberries is leveled, wherein the harvesting is carried out between April and June of the next year; fermenting the straws of the broad beans, vinegar residues, a TV decomposition agent, animal wastes and urea compost into organic fertilizer, and uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer at the roots of the blueberry plants and between the rows, so as to provide an organic fertilizer source for the blueberries and the aftercrop soybeans, thereby achieving the water holding, fertilizer retaining and the control of the growth weed; interplanting soybeans in the first ten-day period of July, and carrying out the harvesting between August and September; similarly, fermenting the straws of the soybeans, the vinegar residues and the TV decomposition agent into the organic fertilizer, so as to provide the organic fertilizer source for the blueberries and aftercrop soybeans. The method can increase the economic income at an initial stage of the blueberry orchard, reduces the cost of each mu, increases the income of each mu by 3000-4500 yuan, reduces the weeding cost, controls the damages caused by weed, returns the straws to a land so as to improve the fertility, is simple in operation, is convenient for popularization, facilitates the improvement of the ecological environment of a farmland, and reduces the pollution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field of planting, particularly relate to a kind of blue berry orchard intercrop method.
Background technology
Blue berry is a kind of perennial shrub, because fruit is rich in having various trace elements and multivitamin, has high
Nutritive value and economic worth.In recent years, build garden cultivated area in China In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River and gradually expand, be mainly distributed on
South Acid soil ecological region planting.Because to build garden initial stage blue berry tree crown little, the features such as density is little, ground, space is many, blue berry bear fruit and
Less or do not bear fruit, output benefit is the lowest.Typically build blueberry garden land cover pattern rate only up to 10-20%, 80-in the 1-3 of garden
The ground, space of 90% did not utilize.Ground, space is not if utilized, and particularly in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, 6-7 month enters plum rains season
Joint, the prosperous length of weeds in field, as ineffective in prevented and kill off, have a strong impact on the growth of tree vigo(u)r, easily causes " grass takes advantage of tree " or farmland running to weeds phenomenon.Carry out
Manually prevent and kill off recruitment many, costly, difficulty big.Blue berry belongs to shallow root system plant, spreads growth with root stock side root to surrounding diffusion,
It is generally not suitable for deep soil layer and ploughs other plant of intercrop, easily injury blue berry side root system of in the ranks deep ploughing, affect the normal of tree vigo(u)r
Growth.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of blue berry orchard intercrop method: have
Effect utilizes ground, space intercrop, increases income；Reduce cost, control crop smothering；Straw goes back field, culture fertility on the spot；Simultaneously
Reduce the agricultural wastes pollutions to farm environment such as straw.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A kind of blue berry orchard intercrop method, comprises the following steps:
(1) between blue berry two line-spacing (1.5-3.0m), shallow-layer leveling earth, and open Yi Tiaogou in centre, prevent hydrops；
(2) carry out sowing Semen Viciae fabae annual late October to mid-November, gather in the crops between next year 4～June, determine as required to receive
Obtaining period, general late April starts to receive blue or green pod and can be used as vegetable, the seed that when late May blade is withered and yellow, results are ripe；Now
Semen Viciae fabae community superiority is utilized to control the generation of blue berry weeds in spring in the ranks；
(3) after compost fermentation after Semen Viciae fabae straw collecting being become thoroughly decomposed, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in blue berry plant base portion and in the ranks, for blue berry
Stubble soybean crops lower with interplanting is supplied fertilizer source；Play water conservation, fertilizer conservation, the effect of promotion blue berry growth；Utilize Semen Viciae fabae straw compost
Fermentation diaphragm seal is with covering the space that occupies and the good compost of fermentation maturity spreads fertilizer over the fields covering earth's surface, can suppress the life of weeds in field
Long, particularly in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, enter plum rain season 6-7 month, control the prosperous length of weeds in field；
(4) shallow-layer flattens fertilizer and the earth's surface that first crop Semen Viciae fabae straw compost ferments, and again opens Yi Tiaogou in centre, anti-
Only hydrops；
(5) early July carries out continuous cropping interplant of bean, gathers in the crops, determine water content in harvest as required between 8～JIUYUE, and general 8
Just can receive blue or green pod the first tenday period of a month moon and can be used as vegetable, the seed that when blade is withered and yellow by the end of September, results are ripe；
(6) after after being collected by soybean stalk, compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in blue berry plant base portion and in the ranks, for blue berry
Stubble Semen Viciae fabae crop lower with interplanting is supplied fertilizer source；Play water conservation, fertilizer conservation, control weed growth, promote the effect of blue berry growth；
(7) step (1) to (6) is repeated.
In the most described step (2), Semen Viciae fabae uses program request, seeding row spacing: 30*40cm；Application rate: every 1-2, cave bean
Kind；Depth of planting 5-6cm；Punch program request time, first apply fertilizer and sow afterwards, then cover with soil, every mu of use 45% compound fertilizer (N15:
P2O515:K2O15)20-30kg；
In the most described step (2) before surviving the winter, in shallow-layer weeding earth up 1-2 time, it is ensured that strong sprout safe overwintering；
When bearing pods in the middle part of Semen Viciae fabae branch in the most described step (2), pinching is pinched, and controls Semen Viciae fabae excessive growth and consumes foster
Point, promote flower pod to reach full growth；
In the most described step (3) by results Semen Viciae fabae straw 20～30 parts, acid-sludge 10～15 parts, be deposited on the spot
In intermediate row ditch, pile the heap-type of high (0.6m) the * length (depending on length practically) of width (1.0m) *, every heap height 20-30cm mono-
Layer, adds TV decomposing agent 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus subtilis 0.1～0.3 part, animal wastes 5～10 parts, carbamide 0.2-0.4 part,
Then sealing with plastic sheeting and cover, abundant fermentation maturity is opened thin film after 15-20 days, is uniformly mixed, the coolest
Dry, obtain organic fertilizer；
In the most described step (5), Semen sojae atricolor uses the program request that punches, and broadcasts while use earth mulch seed, it is not necessary to apply fertilizer to the subsoil, strain again
Line-spacing: 40*50cm；Application rate: every 2-3, cave bean kind；Depth of planting 4-5cm；
In the most described step (5) in Semen sojae atricolor 5-6 leaf phase shallow soil layer weeding, loosen the soil 1-2 time.
In the most described step (6) by results soybean stalk 20～30 parts, acid-sludge 10～15 parts, be deposited on the spot
In intermediate row ditch, pile high (0.6m) * length (depending on the length practically) heap-type of width (1.0m) *, every heap height 20-30cm mono-
Layer, adds TV decomposing agent 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus subtilis 0.1～0.3 part, animal wastes 5～10 parts, carbamide 0.2-0.4 part,
Then sealing with plastic sheeting and cover, abundant fermentation maturity is opened thin film after 20-30 days, is uniformly mixed, the coolest
Dry, obtain fertilizer.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that:
1) garden initial stage income is built in increase.Utilizing ground, space intercrop " Semen Viciae fabae Semen sojae atricolor " legume, Semen phaseoli radiati lists
Being used as vegetable, ripe bean is again " small coarse cereals ", and economic worth is high, and compared with not making the blueberry garden that utilizes, every mu increases economy
Benefit 2000～3000 yuan；
2) reduce cost, control crop smothering.Blue berry is planted in Acid soil, the particularly suitable grassy weed horse in ground, space
The growth of the malignant weed such as Tang, Semen Euphorbiae, and have multiple germination peak phase, traditional artificial weeding worker employed in a plant nursery is many, expensive, effect
Difference；It is improper to eliminate, and easily injury tree body, remains in soil simultaneously, pollutes fruit and environment, and ground, space intercrop does not makees profit
Blueberry garden only weeding one every mu can save work save this 500～1000 yuan；
3) straw goes back field, culture fertility on the spot.Two kinds of leguminous plants of intercrop, all have the effect of the solid N of root system rhizosphere, profit
Make compost fermentation of straw on the spot and become fertilizer direct returning to farmland, be conducive to loose improvement soil, improve soil N, P, K and organic matter
Content, simultaneously every mu reduce fertilizers input joint work save this 200-300 unit；
4) reduce pollution, improve environment.Semen Viciae fabae, soybean stalk are all agricultural wastes, and compost fermentation becomes fertilizer direct
Also field, is conducive to improving farmland ecological environment, reduces and pollutes.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention is described in further detail.
Concrete interplanting method:
One, interplanting Semen Viciae fabae
1, shallow-layer is wholely: between blue berry two line-spacing (1.5-3.0m), and shallow-layer leveling earth holds centre successfully between two line-spacings
Article one, ditch (the wide deep 20cm of 20cm*), in case the Semen Viciae fabae rainy day hydrops of blue berry and intercrop；
2, begin sowing in good time: the general sowing time rests in and carries out late October to mid-November.Seeding method: program request, strain
Line-spacing: 30*40cm；Application rate: every 1-2, cave Semen Viciae fabae kind；Depth of planting 5-6cm；
3, use sufficient base manure: punch program request time, first apply fertilizer and sow afterwards, then use earth mulch seed；General every mu of base manure consumption 45%
(N15:P2O515:K2O15) compound fertilizer 20-30kg；
4, middle weeding: before surviving the winter (December), in shallow-layer weeding earth up 1-2 time, it is ensured that strong sprout safe overwintering；
5, pinching is pinched: the 3-4 month consumes nutrient for controlling Semen Viciae fabae excessive growth, promotes flower pod to reach full growth, typically in branch
When portion bears pods, pinching is pinched；This up to May bean plant colony reach maximum growth amount, utilize Semen Viciae fabae community superiority control indigo plant
The generation of certain kind of berries weeds in spring in the ranks；
6, insect pest preventing and controlling: need to prevent according to a situation arises eliminating aphis, broad bean weevil, droop, the disease pest such as reddish macules and rust；
7, gather in the crops in time: determining that water content in harvest, general late April start to receive blue or green pod and be used as vegetable as required, 5 below the moon
Ten days blade withered and yellow time the ripe Broad Bean Seeds of results；
8, straw-returning: whole for the Semen Viciae fabae of results straws are done compost rapid fermentation and becomes base manure also field.Concrete grammar: Semen Viciae fabae
Straw 20～30 parts, acid-sludge 10～15 parts, be deposited in intermediate row ditch on the spot, piles high (0.6m) the * length of width (1.0m) * and (depends on
Practically depending on length) heap-type, every heap height 20-30cm mono-layer, add TV decomposing agent 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus subtilis 0.1～
0.3 part, animal wastes 5～10 parts, carbamide 0.2-0.4 part, then seal with plastic sheeting and cover, abundant fermentation maturity 15-20
Open thin film after it, be uniformly mixed, at normal temperatures airing, obtain organic fertilizer.Manually uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in blue berry plant base
Portion and in the ranks, supplies fertilizer source for the lower stubble soybean crops of blue berry and interplanting.
9, with fertilizer pressure grass: with covering the space that occupies and fermentation maturity is good to utilize the fermentation diaphragm seal of Semen Viciae fabae straw compost
Compost spreads fertilizer over the fields covering earth's surface, can suppress the growth of weeds in field, and particularly in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, 6-7 month enters plum rains
In season, control the prosperous length of weeds in field.
Two, successive soybean cropping
1, shallow-layer is wholely: late June shallow-layer flattens fertilizer and the earth's surface that first crop Semen Viciae fabae straw compost ferments, and is important to
Hold a middle ditch successfully, in case rainy day hydrops；
2, begin sowing in good time: still with the program request that punches, broadcast while use earth mulch seed, it is not necessary to apply fertilizer to the subsoil again.Seeding row spacing: 40*50cm；Broadcast
Plant and measure: every 2-3, cave bean kind；Depth of planting 4-5cm；Sowing time rests in early July and carries out；
3, middle weeding: combine in the Semen sojae atricolor 5-7 leaf phase and loosen the soil, carries out 1-2 shallow soil layer intertillage artificial weeding, does not adopts as far as possible
With eliminating, reduce and control the use of pesticide；
4, insect pest preventing and controlling: the disease pest such as bridging worm, Semen sojae atricolor leaf roll snout moth's larva, bollworm, Prodenia litura need to be prevented and treated according to a situation arises；
5, gather in the crops in time: determine harvest time as required, just can receive blue or green pod general mid-August and can be used as vegetable, by the end of September
The soybean seed that when blade is withered and yellow, results are ripe.
6, straw-returning: whole for the Semen sojae atricolor of results straws are done compost rapid fermentation and becomes base manure also field.Concrete grammar: Semen sojae atricolor
Straw 20～30 parts, acid-sludge 10～15 parts, be deposited in intermediate row ditch on the spot, piles high (0.6m) the * length of width (1.0m) * and (depends on
Practically depending on length) heap-type, every heap height 20-30cm mono-layer, add TV decomposing agent 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus subtilis 0.1～
0.3 part, animal wastes 5～10 parts, carbamide 0.2-0.4 part, then seal with plastic sheeting and cover, abundant fermentation maturity 20-30
Open thin film after it, be uniformly mixed, at normal temperatures airing, obtain fertilizer, the most uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in blue berry plant base portion
In the ranks, supply fertilizer source for blue berry and lower stubble interplanting Semen Viciae fabae further.
Embodiment 1
The present invention tests for 2012 in Jurong City's Guo Zhuan town year rich blueberry garden (building garden 3 years): test area 30 mu, check plot
Without interplanting area 5 mu, blue berry seeding row spacing 2.0*2.5m, implement according to technique scheme, utilize the 2m in 2.5m line-spacing, a set
Planting legume " Semen Viciae fabae Semen sojae atricolor ", in the product gathered in the crops then, 50% gathers in the crops fresh bean by vegetable list marketing, 50% results
Finished product bean is sold.Mu abridged edition increases income and improves detailed subordinate list with soil fertility.
Embodiment 2
The present invention 2013 wears village blueberry garden (building garden 1 year) test in king town, Jurong City: test parameters with embodiment 1,
Mu abridged edition increases income and improves detailed subordinate list with soil fertility.
Embodiment 3
The present invention 2014 tests on the solution pool, white rabbit town, Jurong City blueberry garden (building garden 2 years): test parameters with embodiment 1,
Mu abridged edition increases income and improves detailed subordinate list with soil fertility.
Embodiment 4
The present invention 2014 is big China's blueberry garden (building garden 1 year) test in border town town, Jurong City: test parameters with embodiment 1,
Mu abridged edition increases income and improves detailed subordinate list with soil fertility.
Embodiment 5
The present invention 2015 tests in new mill, Huayang town, Jurong City blueberry garden (building garden 3 years): test parameters with embodiment 1,
Mu abridged edition increases income and improves detailed subordinate list with soil fertility.
Subordinate list: 2012-2015 of the present invention according to technique scheme respectively at city's multiple years result of the test example
As follows:
The present invention is illustrated according to above-described embodiment, it will be appreciated that above-described embodiment limits this most in any form
Invention, the technical scheme that all employing equivalents or equivalent transformation mode are obtained, within all falling within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a blue berry orchard intercrop method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) between blue berry two line-spacing, shallow-layer leveling earth, and open Yi Tiaogou in centre；
(2) carry out sowing Semen Viciae fabae annual late October to mid-November, gather in the crops between 4 ~ June of next year；
(3), after compost fermentation after Semen Viciae fabae straw collecting being become thoroughly decomposed, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in blue berry plant base portion and in the ranks；
(4) shallow-layer flattens fertilizer and the earth's surface that first crop Semen Viciae fabae straw compost ferments, and again opens Yi Tiaogou in centre；
(5) carry out continuous cropping interplant of bean, gather in the crops between 8 ~ JIUYUE；
(6), after after being collected by soybean stalk, compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in blue berry plant base portion and in the ranks；
(7) step (1) to (6) is repeated.
A kind of blue berry orchard the most according to claim 1 intercrop method, it is characterised in that Semen Viciae fabae in described step (2)
Use program request, seeding row spacing: 30*40cm；Application rate: every 1-2, cave bean kind；Depth of planting 5-6cm；Punch program request time, first apply fertilizer
Rear sowing, then covers with soil, every mu of use 45% compound fertilizer 20-30kg.
A kind of blue berry orchard the most according to claim 1 intercrop method, it is characterised in that more in described step (2)
Before winter, in shallow-layer, weeding is earthed up 1-2 time.
A kind of blue berry orchard the most according to claim 1 intercrop method, it is characterised in that silkworm in described step (2)
When bearing pods in the middle part of bean branch, pinching is pinched.
A kind of blue berry orchard the most according to claim 1 intercrop method, it is characterised in that will receive in described step (3)
The Semen Viciae fabae straw obtained 20 ~ 30 parts, acid-sludge 10 ~ 15 parts, be deposited in intermediate row ditch on the spot, piles wide 1.0m, high 0.6m, long depends on
Heap-type depending on length practically, every heap height 20-30cm mono-layer, add TV decomposing agent 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus subtilis 0.1 ~
0.3 part, animal wastes 5 ~ 10 parts, carbamide 0.2-0.4 part, then with plastic sheeting seal cover, abundant fermentation maturity 15-20 days
After open thin film, be uniformly mixed, at normal temperatures airing, obtain organic fertilizer.
A kind of blue berry orchard the most according to claim 1 intercrop method, it is characterised in that Semen sojae atricolor in described step (5)
Employing punches program request, broadcasts while use earth mulch seed, seeding row spacing: 40*50cm；Application rate: every 2-3, cave bean kind；Depth of planting 4-
5cm。
A kind of blue berry orchard the most according to claim 1 intercrop method, it is characterised in that greatly in described step (5)
Weeding in bean 5-6 leaf phase shallow soil layer, loosen the soil 1-2 time.
A kind of blue berry orchard the most according to claim 1 intercrop method, it is characterised in that will receive in described step (6)
The soybean stalk obtained 20 ~ 30 parts, acid-sludge 10 ~ 15 parts, it is deposited on the spot in intermediate row ditch, piles wide 1.0m, high 0.6m, long depend on
Heap-type depending on length practically, every heap height 20-30cm mono-layer, add TV decomposing agent 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus subtilis 0.1 ~
0.3 part, animal wastes 5 ~ 10 parts, carbamide 0.2-0.4 part, then with plastic sheeting seal cover, abundant fermentation maturity 20-30 days
After open thin film, be uniformly mixed, at normal temperatures airing, obtain fertilizer.
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| CN107567898A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-12 | 北京联合大学 | A kind of mulch film and its fermentation preparation based on cellulose |
| CN109156246A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-08 | 温州科技职业学院 | A kind of cultural method of blueberry interplanting saving water, resisting drought rice |
| CN110066207A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-30 | 黎兴杨 | A kind of technique using chicken manure and stalk production blueberry fertilizer special for organic |
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| CN107371758A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-11-24 | 武东鸿 | Arid and semi-arid area transition silos broad bean implantation methods |
| CN107567898A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-12 | 北京联合大学 | A kind of mulch film and its fermentation preparation based on cellulose |
| CN110066207A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-30 | 黎兴杨 | A kind of technique using chicken manure and stalk production blueberry fertilizer special for organic |
| CN109156246A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-08 | 温州科技职业学院 | A kind of cultural method of blueberry interplanting saving water, resisting drought rice |
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| CN106034612B (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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