CN101889517A - Ridge culture planting method of summer soybean in Nanjing area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a ridge culture planting method of summer soybean in Nanjing area, which relates to the plant culture technology. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: after winter wheat is harvested, carrying out rotary tillage and ridge forming promptly, wherein the depth of rotary tillage is controlled at 10-30cm, the earth furrow distance is 90cm, the furrow is 30cm high, the width of the ridge surface is 50cm, and two rows of soybean are planted on the ridge. By the culture method of the invention, the rate of emergence can achieve higher than 95%, the ventilation and light transmittance of the soybean plants are good, and the water storage, fertility preservation, drought prevention and flood draining capabilities of soil are enhanced. The number of labor for irrigation, drainage and replanting is reduced by 2-3 persons, and the cost is saved by ** yuan/mu. The method has simple operation, is suitable for planting summer soybean in Nanjing area, is acceptable for bases or growers or research units with pleasure, and has good popularization and application prospect.

Description

Ridge culture planting method of summer soybean in Nanjing area

Technical field

The present invention relates to crop cultivating technology, be applicable to ridge culture planting method of summer soybean in Nanjing area.

Background technology

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the source of most important vegetable protein and edible vegetable oil in the world today, in world cereal crops formation and the production of international oil crop, occupy critical role, soybean accounts for 35% (Wilcox, 2004) of world's output of oil-bearing crop.

China is the soybean original producton location, and before the 1950's, China is maximum in the world soybean producing country and exported country; but now; Chinese soybean output accounts for world's gross output and is less than 10%, has become maximum in the world importer, the soybean crisis occurs; 2003-2006; the gross yield in Chinese soybean every year fell sharply to 1,440 ten thousand tons in 2007, and import volume increases year by year about 1,700 ten thousand tons; reaching 3,400 ten thousand tons to Chinese soybean import in 2007, is 2 times of China self output.To be subject to market and even political factor influence as if main dependence on import, and have potential collision hazard, therefore increasing production is the only approach that remedies the Chinese soybean breach.

The planting type of soybean is directly connected to the size of its colony, and the size of colony then is the key factor of decision yield per unit area.The basic principle of soybean high-yield cultivation is rationally to utilize and adapting on the basis of natural conditions, the cultivation technique measure of utilization science, to create good light, temperature, water, heat, the fertile condition of soybean fertility, the output and the qualitative inheritance potentiality of soybean varieties are not fully exerted, reach high yield, high-quality, purpose efficiently.Natural conditions generally are uncontrollable, mainly are to deacclimatize by reasonable zoning.Culture technique can be regulated and control, and the essence of culture technique is to improve the influence of ecological factors such as light, temperature, water, heat, fertilizer to soybean physiology course and growing process, thereby improves output and the quality of soybean.

Soybean is different with cereal (except the corn), can not be when being short of seedling adjust the deficiency of density by shooting property, but relies on single-strain grain weight to capture high yield, and full stand is the basis of high yield of soybean.The shrinkage of tatoin seed, shrivelled, grain is heavily low and cause that sprouting power is low, a little less than top native power difference and the seedling gesture; Seed and seedling are fresh and sweet good to eat in addition, subject to the harm of mouse worm.Have only about 90d the breeding time of summer soybean, but whole growing is in the season of high temperature and rainy, and disconnected ridge happens occasionally so summer soybean is short of seedling.Soybean adopts the flat cultivation land for growing field crops of doing to produce and be short of seedling rate more than 10%, and heavier person reaches more than 30%, has a strong impact on summer soybean output.At present, the research of saving the seedling measure about soybean from damage comprises: seed selection and select breeding for use, do well to bask seeds, seed dressing work, meticulous whole ground, sowing date for early sowing, employing seedling raising and transplanting and mulch film cover cultivation etc., yet there are no report for the research of adopting suitable tillage method.

Soybean is flat to be a new soybean high-yield cultivation technology do dense planting, U.S. soybean expert R.L professor Ku Pa forms through the culture technique in surplus 10 years and the research of breeding two aspects, this technology is in the large tracts of land popularization of states such as the U.S., Canada, and the proof obvious effect of increasing production.The compact planting in narrow row volume increase must be a prerequisite with " not producing serious lodging ", must select big of short stem, the semi-dwarf mutant kind of yield potential resistant to lodging, otherwise not only not increase production, and wants the underproduction on the contrary.The Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science Li Ji of crop breeding research institute floods in 2004 etc. are made the dense planting yield-increasing technology and are studied soybean is flat, discovery is of short stem to select for use, anti-, high yield kind implementation compact planting in narrow row is the soybean culture new technology of core, and the conventional ridge culture of production ratio greatly improves.

20th century the mid-80, along with the use of large-scale sower and mechanization farm implements begins to promote precision drilling, to the initial stage nineties begin to promote soybean " ridge three " culture technique, the mid-90 is promoted " narrow row is put down and done dense planting " culture technique, the later stage nineties is promoted " ridge culture compact planting in narrow row " culture technique, and " big ridge dense planting " (135cm ridge 6 row are done) planted experimentally in the part reclamation area at present.Heilongjiang Province in 2008 Bei'an Urban Committee on Agriculture silkworm industry director permitted virtue by continuous 3 years of 2006-2008 at " No. 38, Heihe " soybean varieties at farm, two Longshan planting experiment, the result shows, 90cm ridge culture 4 row dense planting are than the average volume increase 28.4% of 135cm ridge culture 6 row, than the average volume increase 20.6% of 65cm ridge three cultivations.

The ridge planting method is as the summer soybean planting technology, because it is simple to operate, grasp and cost are low easily, save from damage on the seedling measure basis at inheriting tradition, and new development is arranged again.This technology is applied in China the Northeast.The area, Nanjing mostly is summer sowing soybean behind the wheat stubble, and wheat mostly is flat and does, and is to adapt to the traditional planting type of wheat, summer soybean in Nanjing area also with flat as the master.But, cannot say for sure full stand because culture technique do not match.Through research for many years, we think that the main cause that summer soybean in Nanjing area is saved the seedling difficulty from damage is that soil moisture content is difficult to control.By promoting summer soybean ridge planting technology, can effectively improve soil moisture content, improve emergence rate.

Summary of the invention:

Purpose of the present invention provides abridged edition, effective, exercisable ridge planting new technology for summer soybean in Nanjing area production exactly.

Technical scheme of the present invention is:

Ridge culture planting method of summer soybean in Nanjing area is characterized in that:

1) soybean field pre-treatment: after the preceding crop results, with medium-sized or hand tractor crop cover is carried out instant rotary tillage, rot with quickening preceding crop stubble with chesson, removal weeds, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is controlled at 10-30 centimetre, ridging after ten days;

2) ridge culture mode: apply the fertile 25kg/667m of compound ²With fertilizer 500kg/667m ²After making base fertilizer, adopt medium-sized tractor or hand tractor configuration ridger, carry out the ridging operation.The furrow of ridging is apart from 90 centimetres, and ditch is high 30 centimetres, 50 centimetres of ridge face widths, plantation 2 row soybean on the ridge;

3) seed treatment: sowing was basked seeds 2-3 days the last week, guaranteed that seed purity and cleanliness reach 98%, and germination rate reaches more than 95%, and water content is lower than 14%;

4) sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: in 20-30 day in June, soil water content is about 20% to sow, seed level 2-3 centimetre, and 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows.

Beneficial effect technical thought of the present invention is:

1, rotary tillage in time, after the preceding crop results, if the suitable farming of soil moisture content, and do not rain, should carry out rotary tillage immediately, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is controlled at 10-30 centimetre.

2, the fertile 25kg/667m of compound is executed in fertilising in good time ²With fertilizer 500kg/667m ²After making base fertilizer, carry out ridging.

3, appropriate ridging adopts medium-sized tractor or hand tractor configuration ridging machinery, carries out the ridging operation.The furrow of ridging is apart from 90 centimetres, and ditch is high 30 centimetres, 50 centimetres of ridge face widths.

Major technique effect of the present invention:

1, improved emergence rate.Emergence rate can reach more than 95%, has overcome to save difficult this key of seedling from damage.

2, control the weeds generating capacity, reduced the soil insect generation.The weeds generating capacity can be reduced more than 70%, cutworm density can be reduced more than 70%.

3, saving cost increases economic efficiency.Adopt present technique, can reduce irrigation, draining and labor 2-3 of reseeding, save cost 40-60 unit/mu.Simultaneously,, saved sowing quantity, guaranteed the normal growth of summer soybean, improved output owing to reduced the density of weeds amount and soil insect.

Embodiment

The enforcement time: 2008-2009

Implement the place: six directions bamboo town, Nanjing (six directions animal science base, academy of agricultural sciences, Jiangsu Province)

Embodiment: adopt under alternating method (that is: " winter wheat-summer soybean ") condition and carry out, establish experimental field and contrast two processing in field in the enforcement, the contrast Tagayasu Den adopts the flat method of doing as mode, and the ridge culture method is adopted in the experimental field:

1, after the preceding crop results, with medium-sized or hand tractor crop cover is carried out instant rotary tillage, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is controlled at 10-30 centimetre;

2, the rational application of fertilizer, be meant ridging before, execute the fertile 25kg/667m of compound ²With fertilizer 500kg/667m ²Make base fertilizer;

3, medium-sized tractor or hand tractor configuration ridging machinery is adopted in ridging design, carries out the ridging operation, and the furrow of ridging is apart from 90 centimetres, and ditch is high 30 centimetres, 50 centimetres of ridge face widths;

4, seed treatment: sowing was basked seeds 2-3 days the last week, guaranteed that seed purity and cleanliness reach 98%, and germination rate reaches more than 95%, and water content is lower than 14%;

5, the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: in 20-30 day in June, soil water content is about 20% to sow, seed level 2-3 centimetre, and 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows.

Implementation result:

" winter wheat-summer soybean " crop rotation scheme, investigation in after planting the 6th day, the conventional flat practice, emergence rate is about 75%, is more than 95% and adopt " ridge culture method ", emergence rate, improves about 20% than the flat practice of routine.The present invention has controlled the weeds generating capacity, has reduced the soil insect generation.Reduce the weeds generating capacity more than 70%, can reduce cutworm density more than 70%.

Claims (1)

1. ridge culture planting method of summer soybean in Nanjing area is characterized in that:

1) soybean field pre-treatment: after the preceding crop results, with medium-sized or hand tractor crop cover is carried out instant rotary tillage, rot with quickening preceding crop stubble with chesson, removal weeds, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is controlled at 10-30 centimetre, ridging after ten days;

2) ridge culture mode: apply the fertile 25kg/667m of compound ²With fertilizer 500kg/667m ²After making base fertilizer, adopt medium-sized tractor or hand tractor configuration ridger, carry out the ridging operation, the furrow of ridging is apart from 90 centimetres, and ditch is high 30 centimetres, 50 centimetres of ridge face widths, plantation 2 row soybean on the ridge;

3) seed treatment: sowing was basked seeds 2-3 days the last week, guaranteed that seed purity and cleanliness reach 98%, and germination rate reaches more than 95%, and water content is lower than 14%;

4) sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: in 20-30 day in June, soil water content is about 20% to sow, seed level 2-3 centimetre, and 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows.