CN106234101A - A kind of many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule evacuate that layering shape is tree-like and pruning technique method - Google Patents
A kind of many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule evacuate that layering shape is tree-like and pruning technique method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106234101A CN106234101A CN201510845826.2A CN201510845826A CN106234101A CN 106234101 A CN106234101 A CN 106234101A CN 201510845826 A CN201510845826 A CN 201510845826A CN 106234101 A CN106234101 A CN 106234101A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention is that a kind of many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule evacuate that layering shape is tree-like and pruning technique method, this is tree-like be seeding row spacing 3 × 4 meters, 3 × 5 meters, use under the cultivation mode of mu cultivation 44,55 strains, pruning is carried out in summer, season in winter two, rural area grafting in spring, winter pruning is done surely, adheres to major branch, bough spreading angle for many years, focuses on the timely angle of release of treelet；Slow the putting of light pruning stays branch more, and often 15-20 bough of tree evacuates a point 5-6 layer, and level is obvious, and plug hole shelves stay branch, and bounce back auxiliary support branch, and the most straggly, elastic have cause, and tree crown is cone shape, within 10 years, completes appearance.Because major branch is than other tree-like many twices, can effectively control tree vigo(u)r, regulation is nourished and grown and reproductive growth.And the evacuation of coronule many major branches is layered, and the tree-like tree crown of shape is little, the height of tree is medium, bough is many, simple in construction, skeleton are clearly firm, light of bearing fruit is good, the most flushing dizzy many, reaches result early, get bumper crops morning, the purpose of stable yields.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is that a kind of many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule evacuate that layering shape is tree-like and pruning technique method.
Background technology:
Pears are Rosaceae Pyrus L, aboundresources, mainly make the domestic of Economical cultivation and have 5 kinds, respectively Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim, Pyrus bretschneideri, Nashi Pear, bartlett pear and Xinjiang pears.And pear tree pruning technique takes different pruning methods according to different environment, kind.Main pruning method can classify according to following several situations: 1. soil layer is deep, fertile soil, and illumination is good, the theatre that management level are higher, pear tree is made into evacuation and is layered shape or coronule dredges the tree-like of layer shape;Otherwise, be preferably made into the easily daylighting such as happy shape, simple in construction tree-like.2. the developing direction many employings hat developed to " short, little, flat " according to planting density and tree-like need " high, big, circle " dredges layer shape, spindle, Y-shaped and collapsible sector, the most beneficially dense planting, it is simple to management operation.3. according to the Pear Trees with Various Cultivars that growth potential is the most prosperous, general planting density is less, can be made into evacuation layering shape, or use collapsible sector tree-like, the prosperous growth of mistake that control centre is dry;For the growth potential golden mean of the Confucian school, become bow structure fruit Pear Trees with Various Cultivars (south Sand Pear mostly is this type of) early, then can being made into coronule, to dredge layer shape or Y-shaped etc. tree-like.Kuerle delicious pear as terrestrial reference fruit, its pruning is tree-like is divided into three major branches to evacuate layering shapes, happy shape, 3+1 shape, big hat nature globular model, its applicable seeding row spacing is at 46 meters × 5-7 rice, mu plants the cultivation mode of 16 33 strains, be not suitable for 3 × 4 meters, 3 × 5 meters, mu plants the cultivation mode of 44,55 strains, and the many major branches of coronule are evacuated layering shape and are suitable for 3 × 4 meters, 3 × 5 meters, and mu plants the cultivation mode of 44,55 strains.But owing to Kuerle delicious pear is tree-like tall and big, pruning wastes time and energy, it is big to mould tree-like difficulty, period is long, the most prosperous, the defect such as result is late of nourishing and growing, take above pruning method also cannot solve its defect.
Summary of the invention:
In order to overcome existing Kuerle delicious pear original tree-like tall and big, level is many, shaping is difficult, length in period, result evening, control its apical dominance and the defect being difficult to of nourishing and growing, the many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule of the present invention are evacuated layering shape are tree-like and in pruning technique method, this is tree-like be seeding row spacing 3 × 4 meters, 3 × 5 meters, use under the cultivation mode of mu cultivation 44,55 strains, pruning is started from First Year field planting stock, Second Year, cultivate year by year to molding in the 8th year, planting density can be increased, fully improve land utilization ratio.Pruning technique is: adheres to major branch, bough spreading angle for many years, focus on the timely angle of release of treelet；Slow the putting of light pruning stays branch more, and often 15-20 bough of tree evacuates a point 5-6 layer, and level is obvious, and plug hole shelves stay branch, and bounce back auxiliary support branch, and the most straggly, elastic have cause, and tree crown is cone shape, within 10 years, completes appearance.Summing up for many years according to planting for many years, take this cropping pattern, practice effect is good.In 1 year, Kuerle delicious pear tree carries out pruning in summer, season in winter two, but based on winter, concrete summer in period is late May-early June, winter the December-coming year 2 monthly can.The tree-like major branch of the present invention, than other tree-like many twices, can efficiently control tree vigo(u)r, and regulation is nourished and grown and reproductive growth.Kuerle delicious pear tree body apical dominance is obvious, and polar growth is very strong, and regulation and control difficulty of nourishing and growing is big, uses the many major branches of coronule to evacuate layering shape and can make full use of its growth characteristics, preferably controls to nourish and grow, promote result, keep growth to coordinate with result；The many major branches of coronule evacuate layering, and the tree-like tree crown of shape is little, the height of tree is medium, bough is many, simple in construction, skeleton are clearly firm, and light of bearing fruit is good, the most flushing dizzy many, reaches result early, high yield early, the purpose of stable yields.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the north shape of the present invention completes overall diagram.
Fig. 2 is the annual tree graph of grafting of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the biennial tree graph of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is 3 years raw tree graphs of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is 4 years raw tree graphs of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is 5 years raw tree graphs of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is 6 years raw tree graphs of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is 7 years raw tree graphs of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is 8 years raw tree graphs of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention:
Summer, shaping was carried out in late May-early June period.First the saddle bar done time by winter pruning to be resetted again by what wind was wiped off, ties major branch bough upper end with rope system and pulls open angle by 75 °, and on ground, piling is fixing, and upright bough will carry out drawing branch every tip of a branch.Prune and carry out 2 times in June-July, wipe out tree thorax inwardly projecting long shoot, overstocked branch and overlapping branch.Winter, shaping was carried out to February in the coming year at annual December period.Carry out by above shaping and trimming method according to the age of tree, tree body growing way.This cannot cultivate and mould out for tree-like 1 year, need to carry out year by year, within 10 years, can complete, and reaches rational in infrastructure, skeleton is solid, well arranged, skeleton branch is many, Fruit branch is compact, tree crown all claims, grow coordination, high and stable yield, high-quality and efficient target.Be suitable for seeding row spacing 3 meters × 4 meters, 3 meters × 5 meter, mus plant 44,55 strain density cultivation modes, the height of tree 3.5 meters～4 meters, hat 4 meters (amplitude in the ranks of ground floor major branch), 12～15, major branch (bough), auxiliary support branch (larger result branch group) 3～5,4 layers, 0.65 meter of trunk, interlamellar spacing 0.7 meter～0.8 meter, shaping layer 0.15 meter～0.25 meter..Major branch (bough) is many, without sorrowful branch, directly raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster, center is done and is given birth to major branch (bough) and auxiliary support branch (larger result branch group) totally 15～20, auxiliary support branch (larger result branch group) is arranged in interlayer, branch base and haunch 75 °～85 °, the most open and the most flat extension of branch.This tree-like branch is many, branch base angle is big, have levels, and tree crown is little, big the least under hat width, in circular cone build, controls tree vigo(u)r with this, makes nutrition coordinate with reproductive growth.
Embodiment 1:
First Year: field planting birch-leaf pear.
Second Year: rural area grafting in spring, winter pruning is done surely, highly 80 centimetres, selects 3 orientation full bud respectively in 120 ° to carry out carving bud mesh wound 25 centimetres of shaping strip under clip, and other buds are all erased, to ensure normal rudiment, and the strong bar of growth.If having sent 2～4 branches of generation, then stay 40～50 centimetres, full bud cutting back under the choosing back of the body, cultivate as major branch.
3rd year: center is dry stays 80 centimetres of butts, the branch sent is selected 3 orientation good stay full bud cutting back extending head under 60 centimetres of choosing back ofs the body, cultivate ground floor major branch.Strut major branch angle with little saddle bar, pull open angle, to ensure that spreading angle is done from little tree by marline orientation again in early June.
4th year: continue cutting back ground floor major branch, remain full bud under the choosing back of the body and stay 60 centimetres of cutting backs, make major branch extend in arc every year, to strengthen the intensity of major branch.The branch that send dry to center selects 2, and as auxiliary support branch, top portion 2～3 branches are cultivated as second layer major branch, and cutting back, spreading angle, as can not selected major branch, newly sending branch on center is dry in next year and selecting.Spreading angle still takes winter support group angle haunch, and the summer draws tip angle, and in addition to selected auxiliary support branch and major branch, other branches all remove.
5th year: continuing cutting back center and do and first and second layer of major branch head, outwards upwardly extend, expand rapidly tree crown, have additional nutrients area；To auxiliary support branch not cutting back, a spreading angle, the back enriching shoot in major branch, auxiliary support branch is removed without exception, the distortion of prosperous branch visible space is carried on the back for side and is trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
6th year: continue cutting back center and do and major branch, expand tree crown, cultivate tree-like.Choose that 2～3 branches that interlamellar spacing is suitable, orientation is good are cultivated as third layer major branch, interlayer plug hole is selected and remain 2 auxiliary support branches, auxiliary support branch not cutting back, removes enriching shoot, multiplex weak branch right overhead, pay special attention to spreading angle want big 90 ° best.
7th year: start a small amount of result, continuing cutting back center and do and major branch, expand tree crown, holding center is done growing way, is cultivated tree-like.Take light pruning slow to put, stay a cultivation results branch group more, go to force to stay on weak, go directly to stay tiltedly, go in stay outer, go to stay, auxiliary support branch is shown in flower retraction, and its width is less than major branch, forms compact larger result branch group.
8th year: the yields have increased considerably, three layers of major branch were formed, and fruit spur increases, and it is plentiful that tree body fades in shaping, starts based on result.Continue to one, two, three layers of major branch head of cutting back, expand tree crown, cultivate tree-like.Choosing 3～4 branches and cultivate the 4th layer of major branch, head " discount coring " is done at the center of removing, the major branch selected is bent by force leave behind into parallel, in the hope of binding.Selected by bind major branch not less than 3, be otherwise difficult to push down top growing way.
9th year: now complete according to the outfit of the requirement major branch of shaping, but also need to arrange tree-like, being pruned off by retraction to remove affects the auxiliary support branch of tree management balance and unnecessary bough；Auxiliary support branch for there being transformation to be worth is trained long-term results branch group.Have in tree crown at space and utilize branch slow to put, turn round the methods such as the tip and cultivate and be equipped with fruit-bearing shoot cluster, make the equilibrium of tree body Fruit branch plentiful.
After 10th year, major branch, the height of tree, hat width, tree-like reach requirement, not at cutting back skeleton branch extending head, junction retraction control hat between strain in the ranks every year.Keeping tree management relative with tree crown the most stable so that the tree body golden mean of the Confucian school is partially strong, keep fruit-bearing shoot cluster young and vigorous, maintain good result performance, upgrade in time weak branch group simultaneously, in the hope of reaching the production tree body of High yield.
Claims (8)
1. the many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule are evacuated layering shape are tree-like and a pruning technique method, be characterized in using seeding row spacing 3 × 4 meters, 3 × 5 meters, high-density planting pattern, carry out pruning, mainly based on winter pruning in winter, season in summer two；It is adhered to major branch, bough spreading angle for many years, focuses on treelet timely angle of release when pruning；Slow the putting of light pruning stays branch more, and often 15-20 bough of tree evacuates a point 5-6 layer, and level is obvious, and plug hole shelves stay branch, and bounce back auxiliary support branch, and tree crown is cone shape, starts pruning from First Year field planting stock, Second Year, cultivates year by year to molding in the 8th year, within 10 years, completes appearance；Its tree structure is simple, branch is many, branch base angle is big, have levels, and tree crown is little, big the least under hat width, can efficiently control tree vigo(u)r, and regulation is nourished and grown and reproductive growth.
The many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule the most according to claim 1 evacuate layering, and shape is tree-like and pruning technique method, its feature its tree-like be seeding row spacing 3 × 4 meters, 3 × 5 meters, use under the cultivation mode of mu cultivation 44,55 strains, pruning is started from First Year field planting birch-leaf pear, Second Year, to increase planting density, fully improve land utilization ratio.
The many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule the most according to claim 1 evacuate layering, and shape is tree-like and pruning technique method, it is characterized in that Kuerle delicious pear tree carries out pruning in summer, season in winter two, rural area grafting in spring, winter pruning is done surely, highly 80 centimetres, 3 orientation full bud respectively in 120 ° is selected to carry out carving bud mesh wound 25 centimetres of shaping strip under clip, other buds are all erased, ensure normal rudiment and the strong bar of growth, if having sent 2～4 branches of generation, then stay 40～50 centimetres, full bud cutting back under the choosing back of the body, cultivate as major branch.
The many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule the most according to claim 1 evacuate layering, and shape is tree-like and pruning technique method, it is characterized in its height of tree 3.5 meters～4 meters during pruning, hat 4 meters (amplitude in the ranks of ground floor major branch), 12～15, major branch (bough), auxiliary support branch (larger result branch group) 3～5, 4 layers, 0.65 meter of trunk, interlamellar spacing 0.7 meter～0.8 meter, shaping layer 0.15 meter～0.25 meter, major branch (bough) is many, without sorrowful branch, directly raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster, center is done and is given birth to major branch (bough) and auxiliary support branch (larger result branch group) totally 15～20, auxiliary support branch (larger result branch group) is arranged in interlayer, branch base and haunch 75 °～85 °, the most open and the most flat extension of branch.
The many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule the most according to claim 1 evacuate layering, and shape is tree-like and pruning technique method, it is characterized in that the 3rd year center is dry and stays 80 centimetres of butts, the branch sent is selected 3 orientation good stay full bud cutting back extending head under 60 centimetres of choosing back ofs the body, cultivate ground floor major branch, within 4th year, cutting back center is dry with first, two layers of major branch head, to auxiliary support branch not cutting back, spreading angle, for major branch, back enriching shoot in auxiliary support branch removes without exception, expand tree crown, cultivate tree-like, 5th year, within 6th year, continue cutting back center to do and major branch, expand tree crown, growing way is done at holding center, cultivate tree-like.
The many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule the most according to claim 1 evacuate layering, and shape is tree-like and pruning technique method, is characterized in the 7th year starting a small amount of result, continues that cutting back center is dry and major branch, expands tree crown, and holding center is done growing way, cultivated tree-like；8th annual production increases, and three layers of major branch are formed, and fruit spur increases, and it is plentiful that tree body fades in shaping, starts based on result.
The many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule the most according to claim 1 evacuate layering, and shape is tree-like and pruning technique method, and being characterized in the 9th year pruning off by retraction removing affects auxiliary support branch and the unnecessary bough that tree management balances；Have in tree crown at space and utilize branch slow to put, turn round the methods such as the tip and cultivate and be equipped with fruit-bearing shoot cluster, make the equilibrium of tree body Fruit branch plentiful.
The many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule the most according to claim 1 evacuate layering, and shape is tree-like and pruning technique method, after being characterized in the 10th year, major branch, the height of tree, hat width, tree-like reach requirement, not at cutting back skeleton branch extending head, junction retraction control hat between strain in the ranks every year.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106613421A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 安阳市农业科学院 | Dispersal stratified shaping pruning method of lagerstroemia crape |
| CN109168857A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-11 | 张晗月 | A kind of jujube tree suitable for Taihang mountain gneiss area do only after quick forming method |
| CN113141957A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-23 | 四川省苍溪县职业高级中学 | 'free spindle' tree form of cangxi snow pear and shaping method thereof |
| CN114303693A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
| CN114586600A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternata and application of three-dimensional ecological cultivation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106613421A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 安阳市农业科学院 | Dispersal stratified shaping pruning method of lagerstroemia crape |
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| CN113141957A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-23 | 四川省苍溪县职业高级中学 | 'free spindle' tree form of cangxi snow pear and shaping method thereof |
| CN114303693A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
| CN114303693B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-04-14 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
| CN114586600A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternata and application of three-dimensional ecological cultivation method |
| CN114586600B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-09-22 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for pear trees and pinellia ternate and application thereof |
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