CN113141957A - 'free spindle' tree form of cangxi snow pear and shaping method thereof - Google Patents
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
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- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 6
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G17/10—Holders for boughs or branches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cangxi snow pear tree shape in a free spindle shape and a shaping method thereof. The tree shape is like cedar, the total height of the pear tree is 300-350 cm, the height of a trunk is 40-60 cm, 15-20 main branches are arranged on a central trunk, main branch growing points are spirally distributed, adjacent growing points of the main branches are arranged according to a vertical distance of 10-15 cm, the dislocation angle of the adjacent main branches is 90-180 degrees, the length of the main branch at the lowest layer is 200cm, the lengths of the main branches are sequentially decreased from bottom to top, and a fruiting mother branch is arranged on the main branch. The shaping method comprises the steps of field planting, main branch cultivation, fruiting mother branch cultivation and the like. Compared with the conventional sparse layering mode, the branch has fewer branch levels, thick effective leaf curtain layer, high photosynthesis efficiency, less pest and disease damage, high yield and quality, yield increase of about 20 percent, simple shaping method and labor saving of about 50 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and relates to a tree structure of cangxi snow pears and a shaping method thereof.
Background
Cangxi snow pears are special products in cangxi county, Sichuan province, and Chinese geographical sign products. The cangxi snow pears are also named Shijia pears, are a unique variety found in the sand pear community in the cangxi county, and have a cultivation history of more than 1200 years. The pear juice has beautiful appearance, pure and white pulp, sweet taste like honey, faint scent and no residue, is melted in the mouth, has the average single fruit weight of 500 plus 700g, can reach 2300g for the great, and is known as the king of the Chinese pear. At present, the planting area of the cangxi county reaches 16.5 ten thousand mu, 10 ten thousand tons are produced every year, and 31 villages, 236 villages and 8.5 ten thousand households are covered. The cangxi snow pear industry is used as one of 10 counties of the Chinese pear district (five provinces, city) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, is listed in the national pear key area development plan by the agricultural rural department, and the cangxi county is the base county of the national pear technical system.
The good tree form foundation is the key of high quality and high yield of fruit trees. The cangxi snow pears have the growth characteristics of vigorous growth, strong dryness, strong branching force and good yield, and are influenced by the theory of three main branches of traditional fruit tree pruning, and the traditional shaping method adopts a sparse and layered mode. The tree shape is spherical as a whole, and the finer the pruning is, the higher the single plant yield is. As shown in figure 1, the evacuation layering shape commonly adopted in the existing tree shape of the cangxi snow pears is found to have a plurality of problems in long-term cultivation practice. The tree form is usually tall and big in tree body, is not beneficial to field management, is easy to disorder in branch subordination, is incapable of adjusting vigorous tree vigor, is easy to generate the phenomena of neck clamping and tree climbing of a next-stage branch which is stronger than a previous-stage branch, is easy to close in a crown in a full bearing period, is easy to move outwards in a bearing part, leads to gradual disorder of the tree form, is low in photosynthetic utilization rate, is serious in pest and disease damage occurrence, is difficult to control, seriously affects fruit yield and quality, and has the defects of difficult operation of agriculture, difficult trimming technology, more labor and high production cost.
Along with the development of the times, the market demand for high-quality pear products is enhanced, the simple cultivation technical requirement for saving production labor is higher and higher, and a new tree structure which is suitable for the high quality of the cangxi snow pears and saves labor needs to be explored urgently in practical production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cangxi snow pear tree shape in a free spindle shape.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: the pear tree pruning machine comprises a main trunk and a central trunk, wherein the total height of the pear tree is 300-350 cm, the height of the main trunk is 40-60 cm, the central trunk is provided with 15-20 main branches, main branch growing points are spirally distributed, adjacent growing points of the main branches are arranged according to a vertical interval of 10-15 cm, the dislocation angle of the adjacent main branches is 90-180 degrees, the length of the main branch at the lowest layer is 200cm, the lengths of the main branches are sequentially decreased from bottom to top, and fruiting mother branches are arranged on the main branches.
The invention also aims to provide a method for shaping the tree form of the cangxi snow pears in a free spindle shape.
The method for shaping the 'free spindle shape' tree shape of the cangxi snow pears comprises the following steps:
step one, field planting of saplings: planting pear seedlings according to the plant spacing of 200cm and the row spacing of 400 cm;
step two, main branch cultivation: after the field planting is carried out in early spring of the first year, the fixed-dry treatment is carried out at the position of 80-100 cm of the pear tree seedling; in spring or summer of the year, after the young shoots naturally sprout, selecting and reserving the young shoots at the central trunk part of the trunk, which is more than 40cm, according to a three-element scheme for preparing the main branch, wherein the three-element scheme for preparing the main branch is as follows: the main branches are cultivated on the main branch growing sites needing to be equipped with the main branches by adopting a bud carving method for central trunk parts without young shoots, the branch pulling and angle opening are slowly released in the semi-lignification stage of the main branches, the waist angle of the main branches is more than 90 degrees, the extension head of the central trunk is subjected to short cutting treatment and is reserved for 50cm, the main branches are continuously cultivated on the central trunk from the second year to the third year, 5-8 main branches are newly increased every year, and the method is the same as that of the first year;
step three, fruiting mother branch cultivation: selecting flat oblique branches as fruiting mother branches on the main branches, thinning strong branches and competitive branches with stronger growth vigor than the main branches, and selecting and reserving fruiting branches on the fruiting mother branches by using short fruit branches as main branches and medium fruit branches as auxiliary branches.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. is beneficial to the control of tree vigor and the formation of short fruit branch groups, the shaping time can be saved by 1 to 2 years, and the yield can be improved by about 20 percent. The cangxi snow pear is in a 'free spindle-shaped' tree shape, the shaping measures of strong branches and competitive branches are thinned throughout the whole culture process, after the tree shape is formed, the whole shape is like a spindle shape, the number of main branches is as large as 15-20, the distance between adjacent main branches is larger than 10cm, the 'neck' phenomenon that the later-stage branches are stronger than the last-stage branches is avoided, branch grades are few, branch subordinative relations are clear, the main branches are grown on the central branches, and fruiting mother branches are grown on the main branches, so that the branch grades are few, nutrient delivery and utilization are facilitated, the quantity of the whole tree body branches is large, growing points are many, nutrient supply is uniform, tree vigor is controlled, overgrowth branches are not easily formed, flower buds are favorably formed, short fruit branches are early and much formed, short fruit branch groups are formed, the tree shape is integrally in a cylindrical shape, production is carried out in the third early year after field planting, and the fifth year enters the full fruit stage.
2. Is beneficial to producing high-quality pear products. The tree form is a free spindle-shaped tree form, the effective leaf curtain layer thickness is high, the photosynthesis efficiency is high, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is less, the shaping is implemented according to the three-element scheme of the main branch, the branch subordination relation is clear, the main branch is not ridden and the thoracico-penetrating branch basically, and the phenomenon that the upper branch and the lower branch and the leaf are seriously illuminated can not occur; the distance between adjacent main branches is reasonable, and the mutual shading phenomenon of the adjacent branches and the upper and lower blades thereof is greatly improved; the phenomenon of cross overlapping of branches and trunks among trees is greatly reduced, the photosynthesis efficiency of leaves can be greatly improved, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, the use of pesticides is reduced, and finally, the production of high-quality pear products is facilitated.
3. The shaping and trimming method is simple, and the labor can be saved by about 50%. The traditional sparse layered shaping has high requirements, the branch spacing and the branch membership are not easy to control, the pruning amount is excessive, the pruning methods include various types of short cutting, branch thinning, cap wearing, long-term placement and the like, the technical requirements are high, and the pruning methods are difficult to master. The core content of the free spindle-shaped tree shaping is to allocate the arrangement distribution and the growth vigor of main branches and to dredge branches with improper positions, strong branches and competitive branches. Most branches are opened and slowly released, the short cutting amount is small, the thinning amount is small, the whole trimming amount is small, the operation is focused on branch pulling and angle opening, the operation is simple, the workload is not large, fruit growers can easily master the operation, and the effect of saving labor is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single tree form of a traditional evacuation layered tree form of Cangxi snow pears.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single tree form of the cangxi snow pear tree form of the invention.
Detailed Description
The application test of the freestream snow pear tree form culture in the field takes the evacuation layered tree form of the traditional freestream snow pear as a contrast.
The test is carried out in Yuxing village of Bingxi county Yuxi province in Guangyuan city, and the selected variety is cangxi snow pear, cangxi snow pear seedling standard: the main root is more than 2cm, at least 3 lateral roots are required, the length of the lateral roots is more than 30cm, the thickness of the root stem part is more than 2cm, the branch is full, and the bud body is full.
Example 1
As shown in figure 2, the cangxi snow pear tree is shaped like a freely spindle tree, the pear tree comprises a trunk and a central trunk, the total height of the pear tree is 350cm, the height of the trunk is 60cm, the central trunk is provided with 18 main branches, main branch growing sites are spirally distributed, adjacent growing sites of the main branches are arranged according to a vertical interval of 10-15 cm, the dislocation angle of the adjacent main branches is 90-180 degrees, the length of the main branch at the lowest layer is 200cm, the lengths of the main branches are sequentially decreased from bottom to top, fruiting mother branches are arranged on the main branches, and the whole tree is like a cedar.
The method for shaping the freestyle snow pear tree shape in a free spindle shape comprises the following steps:
step one, field planting of saplings: planting pear seedlings according to the plant spacing of 200cm and the row spacing of 400cm in 2015, 2 months and 22 days;
step two, main branch cultivation: after the field planting is carried out in early spring of the first year, the fixed-stem treatment is carried out at the position of 60cm of the pear tree seedlings; in spring or summer of the year, after the young shoots naturally sprout, selecting and reserving the young shoots at the central trunk part of the trunk, which is more than 40cm, according to a three-element scheme for preparing the main branch, wherein the three-element scheme for preparing the main branch is as follows: the main branches are cultivated at the main branch growing sites needing to be equipped with the main branches by adopting a bud carving method for central trunk parts without new shoots, the main branches are pulled, opened and slowly released by adopting measures such as supporting, pulling, hanging, twisting and holding and the like in the semi-lignification stage of the main branches, the waist angle of the main branches is more than 90 degrees, the extension heads of the central trunks are chopped and kept for 50cm, the main branches are continuously cultivated on the central trunks from the second year to the third year, 5-8 new branches are increased every year, and the method is the same as the first year;
step three, fruiting mother branch cultivation: selecting flat oblique branches as fruiting mother branches on the main branches, thinning strong branches and competitive branches with stronger growth vigor than the main branches, and selecting and reserving fruiting branches on the fruiting mother branches by using short fruit branches as main branches and medium fruit branches as auxiliary branches.
The tree parameters of the cangxi snow pears in the form of free spindles and evacuation layering are compared, as shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 comparison of tree-shaped parameters of "free spindle" and "sparse layering" for cangxi snow pears
As can be seen from Table 1, 33 plants are planted per mu in the form of sparse and layered seeds, the seeds are put into production at the beginning of 4 years and enter the full bearing period from 6 to 8 years. And 84 plants are planted in each mu in a free spindle shape, the number of plant trees is increased by 2.5 times in the same area, the improved tree-shaped main branches is increased and spirally distributed on the main trunk, short fruit branches are directly planted on the main branches, no obvious side branches exist, and the formation of the side branches is greatly reduced, so the shaping is faster, the implementation is easier, and the early fruiting and the high yield are facilitated. After field planting, the production is put into operation in the first third year, and the full bearing period is reached in the fifth year. The shaping time can be saved by 1-2 years, the labor amount is saved by 50%, the shaping technology is simple and convenient to operate, the technical requirement is low, and the yield is improved by about 20%.
TABLE 2 comparison of fruit quality and cost index for "free spindle" and "sparse stratification" of Cangxi snow pears
As can be seen from table 2, the whole crown of the "sparse layered" tree has three layers, which seems to be a tall tree with thick leaf curtain layer, but has fewer main branches than the "free spindle shape", too many branches have too many grades, the dependency is not obvious, a large number of spindly branches are easy to form, the leaves for effective photosynthesis are mainly distributed on the surface of the leaf curtain layer, the number is small, the nutrient absorption and utilization rate is low, the weight of a single fruit is obviously lower than that of the "free spindle shape" pear, and the soluble solid is slightly lower than that of the "free spindle shape" pear; the interior of the tree chamber is easy to close, more plant diseases and insect pests are generated, and the pesticide cost is high; the growth points are few, the bare branches are many, the workload of shaping and trimming is large, the labor amount is large, and the labor cost is high.
In the whole shaping process, the arrangement distribution and the growth vigor of the main branches are emphasized, strong and vigorous branches and competitive branches are removed all the time, the main branches are more and reasonable in distribution, bearing mother branches are directly grown on the main branches, the branch quantity is large, the growing points are more, nutrients are dispersedly supplied, the tree vigor is controlled, overgrown branches are rarely formed, the shaping is simple, and after the tree form is formed, the later-stage management is simple.
Example 2
As shown in figure 2, the cang xi snow pear tree is in a shape of a free spindle after shaping, the pear tree comprises a trunk and a central trunk, the total height of the pear tree is 320cm, the height of the trunk is 50cm, the central trunk is provided with 19 main branches, main branch growing sites are spirally distributed, adjacent growing sites of the main branches are arranged at a vertical interval of 10-15 cm, the dislocation angle of the adjacent main branches is 90-180 degrees, the length of the main branch at the lowest layer is 200cm, the lengths of the main branches are sequentially decreased from bottom to top, fruiting mother branches are arranged on the main branches, and the whole shape of the tree is like a spindle.
The method for shaping the freestyle snow pear tree shape in a free spindle shape comprises the following steps:
step one, field planting of saplings: planting pear seedlings according to the plant spacing of 200cm and the row spacing of 400cm in 2015, 2 months and 22 days;
step two, main branch cultivation: after the field planting is carried out in early spring of the first year, the fixed-stem treatment is carried out on the pear tree seedlings at the position of 90 cm; in spring or summer of the year, after the young shoots naturally sprout, selecting and reserving the young shoots at the central trunk part of the trunk, which is more than 40cm, according to a three-element scheme for preparing the main branch, wherein the three-element scheme for preparing the main branch is as follows: the main branches are cultivated at the main branch growing sites needing to be equipped with the main branches by adopting a bud carving method for central trunk parts without new shoots, the main branches are pulled, opened and slowly released by adopting measures such as supporting, pulling, hanging, twisting and holding and the like in the semi-lignification stage of the main branches, the waist angle of the main branches is more than 90 degrees, the extension heads of the central trunks are chopped and kept for 50cm, the main branches are continuously cultivated on the central trunks from the second year to the third year, 5-8 new branches are increased every year, and the method is the same as the first year;
step three, fruiting mother branch cultivation: selecting flat oblique branches as fruiting mother branches on the main branches, thinning strong branches and competitive branches with stronger growth vigor than the main branches, and selecting and reserving fruiting branches on the fruiting mother branches by using short fruit branches as main branches and medium fruit branches as auxiliary branches.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, and it is intended that the present invention include all modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. The cangxi snow pear tree shape is characterized in that the cangxi snow pear tree shape is a free spindle shape, and the pear tree comprises a trunk and a central trunk: the total height of the pear tree is 300-350 cm, the height of the trunk is 40-60 cm, 15-20 main branches are arranged on the central trunk, main branch growing points are spirally distributed, adjacent growing points of the main branches are arranged at a vertical interval of 10-15 cm, the dislocation angle of the adjacent main branches is 90-180 degrees, the length of the main branch at the lowest layer is 200cm, the lengths of the main branches are sequentially decreased from bottom to top, and fruiting mother branches are arranged on the main branches.
2. A method for shaping a cangxi snow pear tree shape in a free spindle shape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, field planting of saplings: planting pear seedlings according to the plant spacing of 200cm and the row spacing of 400 cm;
step two, main branch cultivation: after the field planting is carried out in early spring of the first year, the fixed-dry treatment is carried out at the position of 80-100 cm of the pear tree seedling; in spring or summer in the same year, after the young shoots naturally sprout, selecting and reserving the young shoots at the central trunk part of the trunk, which is more than 40cm, according to a three-element scheme of the main branches; the main branch is provided with three element schemes: the growing sites are spirally distributed, the vertical distance between every two adjacent growing sites is 10-15 cm, and the dislocation angle of adjacent main branches is 90-180 degrees; for the central trunk part without sprout, cultivating the main branch at the rooting site needing to be provided with the main branch by adopting a bud carving method; in the semi-lignification stage of the main branches, branch drawing, angle opening and slow release are carried out, and the waist angle of the main branches is larger than 90 degrees; chopping the extended head of the central stem, and keeping 50cm; continuously cultivating main branches on the central trunks from the second year to the third year, and newly increasing 5-8 main branches every year in the same method as the first year;
step three, fruiting mother branch cultivation: selecting flat oblique branches as fruiting mother branches on the main branches, thinning strong branches and competitive branches with stronger growth vigor than the main branches, and selecting and reserving fruiting branches on the fruiting mother branches by using short fruit branches as main branches and medium fruit branches as auxiliary branches.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106234101A (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆拓普农业股份有限公司 | A kind of many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule evacuate that layering shape is tree-like and pruning technique method |
| CN110476691A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of apocarya spindle is tree-like and its shaping methods |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106234101A (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆拓普农业股份有限公司 | A kind of many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule evacuate that layering shape is tree-like and pruning technique method |
| CN110476691A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of apocarya spindle is tree-like and its shaping methods |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 闫书贵: "苍溪雪梨自由纺锤形树形整形研究" * |
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Application publication date: 20210723 |