CN107232012B - Method for cultivating walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest - Google Patents
Method for cultivating walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107232012B CN107232012B CN201710555908.2A CN201710555908A CN107232012B CN 107232012 B CN107232012 B CN 107232012B CN 201710555908 A CN201710555908 A CN 201710555908A CN 107232012 B CN107232012 B CN 107232012B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- walnut
- grafting
- forest
- management
- year
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating a walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest, which comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting a seedling of black walnut which grows for 1 to 2 years; step two, preparing soil and constructing a timber forest for the black walnuts; step three, immediately irrigating water after afforestation, and after 1 week, immediately connecting 2 water, and then managing according to a black walnut timber management method; step four, after the black walnut seedlings survive and grow for one year, leveling stubbles of all the survived trees before sprouting in spring of the next year, wherein the height of the stubbles is 5cm above the surface of the trees; step five, strengthening water and fertilizer management after stumping, carrying out fixed bud when the sprout strips grow to 20-30cm, selecting one upright sprout strip which grows most robustly as a reserved culture stem, and completely shearing or smearing the rest sprout strips; step six, grafting: the grafting part is at the position of 2.2-2.4 meters of the ground height of the cultured black walnut tree trunk; seventhly, grafting management; step eight, updating and felling: according to the life cycle of walnuts and black walnuts, felling and updating are required generally for 50-70 years according to the management intensity of the fruit and material dual-purpose forest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating a walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest.
Background
The method is characterized in that a forestry development strategy mainly based on ecological construction is comprehensively implemented, five major functions of forestry ecology, economy, society, carbon sink and culture are well exerted, the forestry development strategy is a national development strategy, 600 ten thousand hectares of new forestation are completed every year in China in the near future, and five major strategies such as a national ecological safety barrier strategy, a national wood and grain and oil safety strategy, a carbon fixation and emission reduction strategy, a green-increasing and citizen-benefiting strategy and a prosperous ecological culture strategy are implemented through tree planting and forestation.
The walnut is the most important nut fruit tree and woody oil tree species in the world and is the top of the four nuts in the world, China is one of the origins and distribution centers of the walnut plants, the history of cultivation is over 2000, and Chinese walnuts are planted except for the respective provinces of Hainan and Taiwan. The walnut belongs to a tall arbor, has a developed root system, has the functions of conserving water sources, maintaining water and soil, preventing dust and purifying air, and is not only an economic tree species, but also an excellent ecological pioneer tree species and material tree species. Walnut kernel is a good tonic and food processing raw material, has high nutritional and medicinal value, is a traditional nutritional health-care fruit, promotes the walnut price to be high all the way around China and China along with the increase of people's cognition on the nutritional value of walnut and purchasing ability, reaches 30-40 yuan per kilogram at present, and the income per mu reaches more than 3000 yuan, and the walnut industry becomes the post industry and the rich industry of rural economy in many main production areas. At the end of 2015, the walnut planting area in China reaches 5275 ten thousand mu, the walnut nut yield is 128 thousand tons, and the area and the yield are the first in the world. Although the total consumption of Chinese walnuts is large, the per-person consumption is still low, the per-person walnut occupied amount in China is only 0.38 kg, along with the continuous improvement of the economic income level of Chinese residents, the market demand of walnut products is necessarily larger and larger, and the development space of walnut industry is wide. On the other hand, the walnut is a strategic tree species of the woody oil, is an important oil energy resource, the oil is safe, the walnut serves as a great task, and the development of the woody grain and oil industry such as the walnut is highly valued by the nation and the government. At present, China builds walnut economic forests for millions of acres every year.
In the aspect of wood, China has become a world large producing and consuming country of wood and wood products. In 2011, the total supply of wood products in China is 5 billion cubic meters, which is 15.78% higher than that in 2010. The imported logs and other wood forest products are 2.2 billion cubic meters of wood, the yield of domestic commodity wood is only 0.8 billion cubic meter (mainly artificial fast-growing high-yield forest), in recent years, after ecological planning is implemented in China and felling is stopped, wood supply gaps are larger and larger, particularly along with the development of social economy, the living standard of people is improved, and the demand for high-grade hardwoods basically depends on import. Six timber bases are planned to be constructed in the southeast coast, the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, Huang-Huai-Hai, the southwest and Jingjin Ji areas and the northeast of China, and the construction of ten million mu of timber bases is completed every year. The American black walnut is called as black walnut for short, the height of the black walnut tree can reach 45 meters, the breast diameter can reach more than 1 meter, the black walnut is grown in the eastern area of the America, the black walnut is successfully introduced in China at present, and the black walnut is widely cultivated in various provinces in China and has good performance. The black walnut is a tough and hard wood with medium density, has moderate bending strength and breaking strength, low rigidity and good steam bending performance, and has the excellent characteristics of impact friction resistance, decay resistance, easy drying, less deformation, easy construction, easy gluing and the like. The shrinkage rate is small, so that the paint can be suitable for changeable climatic environments, and the problems of cracking and the like can not occur. Dark, noble, fantastic, and luxurious, these words are the proper description of black walnut. The unique points are that the price of the black walnut is high, and the current market price of the black walnut is about 2 ten thousand yuan/cubic meter, so that pure solid wood furniture made of the black walnut is naturally more expensive than other common furniture. Black walnut is a well-recognized species of timber forest at home and abroad.
The current development of walnuts (economic forests) and timber forests is a national development strategy, the economic forests and the timber forests are organically combined, and the rapid development of the fruit and timber dual-purpose forests is a development direction of the future forestry, and is an effective method and measure for improving the utilization efficiency of land, space and water resources and increasing the income of farmers and the unit output value benefit. The conventional walnut economic forest, the cultivation of the black walnut timber forest and the cultivation of the fruit and wood dual-purpose forest have different methods, namely the walnut economic forest takes high-quality and high-yield walnuts as the cultivation purpose and cannot produce excellent wood; the black walnut forest is cultivated with high quality and high wood yield, fruits have little utilization value, and nuts are few and cannot be utilized basically; both the two methods can not achieve the effect of fruit and material harvesting, and particularly can not achieve the best effect on the utilization efficiency of land, space and water resources for good land and areas with high intensive management degree in agricultural areas. In view of the above, the invention develops a novel method for cultivating the walnut and fruit wood hybrid forest, changes the purpose that the cultivation of the walnut and walnut wood can not achieve the purpose of fruit and wood hybrid harvest, breaks through the conventional cultivation method of the existing economic forest and wood hybrid forest, realizes the organic combination of the two, achieves the effect of fruit and wood hybrid harvest, improves the utilization efficiency of land, space and water resources, and increases the income of farmers and the unit output value benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of a walnut and fruit composite forest, which improves the utilization efficiency of cultivation land, space and water resources and effectively increases the income of farmers and the unit output value benefit.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a method for cultivating a walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest comprises the following steps,
step one, nursery stock: selecting 1-2 year-old black walnut seedling, wherein the seedling is required to have no plant diseases and insect pests, complete root system, no mechanical damage to the seedling, high lignification degree and strong growth;
step two, afforestation, namely preparing soil and constructing a timber forest for the black walnuts, wherein the row spacing is adopted for afforestation according to the row spacing of cultivating large-diameter timbers with the diameter of more than 30cm, and the large-diameter timbers are usually planted in ridges or ditches according to the irrigation mode by adopting 5 × 5 meters or 5 × 6 meters;
step three, forest management after afforestation: watering immediately after afforestation, immediately connecting 2 water after 1 week, then managing according to a black walnut timber management method, requiring to strengthen water and fertilizer management in the same year of afforestation, ensuring that the survival rate of the nursery stock reaches more than 95 percent and the replanting in the spring of the second year can not be achieved;
step four, stumping: after the black walnut seedlings survive and grow for one year and before sprouting in spring of the next year, stumping all the survived trees, wherein the stumping height is 5cm above the surface of the trees;
step five, forest management after stumping: strengthening water and fertilizer management after stumping, fixing buds when sprout strips grow to 20-30 (cm), selecting one upright sprout strip which grows most robustly as a reserved culture medium, shearing or smearing all the rest sprout strips, then normally managing according to a timbre method, controlling water in different areas in time after 8 months, taking the condition that terminal buds are not frozen in winter as a standard, continuously culturing for 2-3 years after stumping, and requiring that the height of black walnut trees reaches more than 2.5 meters and the ground diameter reaches more than 3 cm;
step six, grafting: the first step is to select a grafting variety; the second step is that: the proportion and the configuration of main planting and pollination varieties; the third step is grafting: the grafting part is at the position of 2.2-2.4 meters of the ground height of the cultured black walnut tree trunk, the top branch and all the side branches of the black walnut tree are cut off, and the grafting part is grafted by adopting a bud grafting or branch grafting method; the grafting time can be carried out in spring or 6-7 months;
seventhly, grafting management: the method comprises the following steps of management in a grafting period, management in the current year after grafting survival and management after the second year after grafting survival;
step eight, updating and felling: according to the life cycle of walnuts and black walnuts, the harvest and the renewal are required for 50-70 years according to the management intensity of fruit and wood dual-purpose forest, the mark is that the fruiting quantity of walnuts continuously decreases, the upper branches begin to wither and die, the breast diameter of the wood part of the black walnuts of the trunk basically stops growing, and the growth quantity of the breast diameter per year is lower than 0.25 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and remarkable effects: 1. at present, economic forest and timber forest cultivation are all considered to implement all cultivation management measures from the aim to be achieved by a single forest species; all cultivation management measures are implemented in the walnut economic forest, all the measures are for the purposes of premature fruit production, high yield and high quality, picking, convenient management and the like are considered, and as a result, a large amount of walnut fruits are obtained, and the wood has no value basically; all cultivation management measures are implemented on the timber forest for the black walnuts, all the measures are for high yield of the timber and high quality of the timber, and convenience in management and the like are considered, so that a large amount of black walnut timber is obtained, and fruits are basically worthless; due to the fact that the purposes of 2 forest species are different, the cultivation measures and the cultivation methods are greatly different, the cultivation management measures of the walnut economic forest do not consider the cultivation management measures of the black walnut timber forest, and the cultivation management measures of the walnut economic forest also do not consider the cultivation management measures of the black walnut timber forest. The method for cultivating the walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest is different from the economic forest and the timber forest for the black walnuts in single property, and aims to obtain high-quality black walnut wood and a large number of high-quality fruit walnut products, so that the aim of cultivating the forest stand is basically changed, and as a result, not only a large number of high-quality black walnut wood but also a large number of high-quality walnut fruits are obtained. From the aspects of investment and income, the average annual input per mu of walnut economic forests is about 2000 yuan, the average annual output value per mu is about 5000 yuan, the average annual benefit per mu is about 3000 yuan, and the harvest period starts from the 4 th year; the average mu year investment of the black walnut timber forest is about 1500 yuan, the average mu year yield value is about 6000 yuan (0.3 m/n), the average mu year benefit is about 4500 yuan, and the harvest period starts from the 50 th year; the average annual output value per mu of walnut and fruit dual-purpose forest is about 2000 yuan, the average annual output value per mu of walnut parts is 5000 yuan, the average annual benefit per mu is about 3000 yuan, the harvest period starts from the 7 th year, the average annual output value per mu of wood parts is about 3000 yuan (0.15 m) through year/n (the average breast diameter growth amount per plant is 0.8cm-1 cm), the average annual benefit per mu is about 3000 yuan, the harvest period starts from the 50 th year, and the total average annual benefit per mu of walnut and wood 2 parts is about 6000 yuan. The benefits of the walnut and fruit dual-purpose forest (average annual benefit per mu is about 6000 yuan) are obviously higher than that of a walnut economic forest (average annual benefit per mu is about 3000 yuan) and that of a walnut timber forest (average annual benefit per mu is about 4500 yuan), and are improved by one time and 33% than that of the walnut economic forest; the harvesting period is 3 years later than that of a walnut economic forest, but is 44 years earlier than that of a black walnut timber forest, and the advantages of combination of length and outstanding benefit are realized; thereby greatly improving the utilization efficiency of cultivation land, space and water resources and effectively increasing the income of farmers and the unit yield value benefit.
2. The method for cultivating the walnut and fruit wood dual-purpose forest is completely different from the conventional methods for cultivating the walnut and walnut wood woods, the walnut wood is managed by adopting a method for managing the walnut wood in the early stage of afforestation and forest stand cultivation, the walnut wood is transformed into the walnut wood, and the walnut wood is managed according to the method for the walnut wood after the walnut wood becomes the walnut wood, so that the economic requirements are met, and the requirements of the wood are also met.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
Example 1: the invention relates to a method for cultivating a walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest, which comprises the following steps:
step one, nursery stock: selecting 1-2 year-old black walnut seedling, wherein the seedling is required to have no plant diseases and insect pests, complete root system, no mechanical damage to the seedling, high lignification degree and strong growth;
step two, afforestation, namely preparing soil and constructing a timber forest for the black walnuts, wherein the row spacing is adopted for afforestation according to the row spacing of cultivating large-diameter timbers with the diameter of more than 30cm, and the large-diameter timbers are usually planted in ridges or ditches according to the irrigation mode by adopting 5 × 5 meters or 5 × 6 meters;
step three, forest management after afforestation: watering immediately after afforestation, immediately connecting 2 water after 1 week, then managing according to a black walnut timber management method, requiring to strengthen water and fertilizer management in the same year of afforestation, ensuring that the survival rate of the nursery stock reaches more than 95 percent and the replanting in the spring of the second year can not be achieved;
step four, stumping: after the black walnut seedlings survive and grow for one year and before sprouting in spring of the next year, stumping all the survived trees, wherein the stumping height is 5cm above the surface of the trees;
step five, forest management after stumping: strengthening water and fertilizer management after stumping, fixing buds when sprout strips grow to 20-30 (cm), selecting one upright sprout strip which grows most robustly as a reserved culture medium, shearing or smearing all the rest sprout strips, then normally managing according to a timbre method, controlling water in different areas in time after 8 months, taking the condition that terminal buds are not frozen in winter as a standard, continuously culturing for 2-3 years after stumping, and requiring that the height of black walnut trees reaches more than 2.5 meters and the ground diameter reaches more than 3 cm;
step six, grafting: the first step is to select a grafting variety; the second step is that: the proportion and the configuration of main planting and pollination varieties; the third step is grafting: the grafting part is at the position of 2.2-2.4 meters of the ground height of the cultured black walnut tree trunk, the top branch and all the side branches of the black walnut tree are cut off, and the grafting part is grafted by adopting a bud grafting or branch grafting method; the grafting time can be carried out in spring or 6-7 months;
seventhly, grafting management: the method comprises the following steps of management in a grafting period, management in the current year after grafting survival and management after the second year after grafting survival;
step eight, updating and felling: according to the life cycle of walnuts and black walnuts, the harvest and the renewal are required for 50-70 years according to the management intensity of fruit and wood dual-purpose forest, the mark is that the fruiting quantity of walnuts continuously decreases, the upper branches begin to wither and die, the breast diameter of the wood part of the black walnuts of the trunk basically stops growing, and the growth quantity of the breast diameter per year is lower than 0.25 cm.
And step six, selecting grafted varieties, different areas and regions, different main cultivars and pollinated varieties of walnuts, and selecting locally developed main cultivars and pollinated varieties.
And sixthly, the proportion and the configuration of the main planting and pollination varieties are configured according to the varieties and the proportion of the walnut economic forest cultivation.
And seventhly, managing a grafting period (from the grafting to a loose binding life period): after grafting, timely erasing buds, and completely erasing all buds on the black walnut trees except for the grafted variety so as to ensure that the inordinate good materials of the black walnut trees are formed; and other management is normally carried out according to the economic forest and forest management method in the conventional grafting period, and the management comprises timely loose binding, water and fertilizer management, pest prevention and control and the like.
And seventhly, managing in the current year after grafting survival: after the grafting survives, the formed new tips, stems and branches are normally managed according to the method of the walnut economic forest. Comprises bud fixing, bud picking, dry fixing, water and fertilizer management, pest prevention and control and the like.
And seventhly, managing after grafting survival in the second year: after grafting survival, water and fertilizer management, pest prevention and control, shaping and pruning (good effect due to natural pistachio), flower control and fruit control and the like are carried out every year in a walnut economic forest management mode from the next year. The girdling of the trunk of the black walnut is prohibited.
Example 2: the method for cultivating the walnut and fruit tree compatible forest is characterized in that a Kyoho prefecture Jiamu test station in Aksu area of Xinjiang is provided, and the geographic coordinates are as follows: 41 ° 15 '30.70 ″ north latitude, 80 ° 31' 56.65 ″ east longitude. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, purchasing 1-year-old black walnut seedling on the market in No. 3/12 2001, wherein the average ground diameter of the seedling is 1.6cm, the average height of the seedling is 97cm, the seedling has no plant diseases and insect pests, the root system is basically intact (20 cm × 35 cm), the seedling has no mechanical damage, the lignification degree is high, and the seedling grows robustly;
step two, afforestation, namely, preparing a black walnut timber forest in a furrow shape (the furrow width is 10 meters, the furrow length is 20 meters) according to a one-plough one-harrow method, planting 5 × 5 (meters) in the row spacing, planting 26 plants per mu, irrigating the furrow, and completing the afforestation in 5 mu of area, 3 mu and 15 days (after the black walnut afforestation is completed, planting a peach tree grafting seedling among black walnut plants in No. 21, and interplanting 3-meter wild jujube seedlings for grafting in rows);
step three, forest management after afforestation: irrigating water immediately after afforestation, immediately connecting 2 water after 1 week, irrigating water for about 15 days for 1 time, dressing urea for 1 time (150 g for each plant and applying in a pit) in 7 months, fertilizing, irrigating and comprehensively weeding and loosening the soil for 1 time, controlling water (irrigating for 1 time in 20-25 days) at the bottom of 8 months, completely weeding and loosening the soil for 1 time in 9 months and irrigating for 14 times all the year. Bud picking is not carried out in the current year. The survival rate and the preservation rate of the seedlings are investigated in winter, the average ground diameter of the seedlings is 1.9cm, and the average height of the seedlings is 132 cm. (except that the irrigation of the intercropped peach trees and the interplanted wild jujubes is the same as that of black walnuts, other management is normally carried out according to the conventional management technology of peach trees and wild jujube seedlings);
step four, stumping: in the spring of 2002 (No. 3/4), stumping all the survival black walnut trees with the stumping height of 5 cm;
step five, forest management after stumping (2002-2003): normal water and fertilizer management is carried out after stumping in 2002, sprouting is carried out when sprouting strips grow to 20-30 (cm), usually, 3-4 sprouting strips are germinated on each black walnut, one upright sprouting strip which grows most robustly is selected as a main stem for reserving and culturing wood, the rest sprouting strips are all cut off, meanwhile, sprouting is carried out at any time in the whole growing season, only one main stem is reserved, 12 times of water is irrigated in the whole year, 1 time of fertilizer topdressing is carried out in the early 6 months and the early 7 months respectively, 1 time of comprehensive weeding and soil loosening is carried out in the combination of fertilization and irrigation in the early 7 months, water control is carried out in the bottom of 8 months, 1 time of water irrigation in the bottom of 9 months is carried out, 1 time of comprehensive weeding and soil loosening is carried out in the combination of water, 1 time of; in 2002, the ground diameter of the forest trees is 2.7cm on average, and the height of the forest trees is 165cm on average. And as the grafting height is not reached, the tree is continuously cultured for one year in 2003, management is carried out according to the previous year, but the sprouts in spring are reserved, all the sprouts are wiped off later, the ground diameter of the tree in 2003 is 4.1cm on average, and the height is 2.64cm on average. (the interplanting peach trees and the interplanted wild jujubes are normally managed, the peach trees begin to bear fruits in the second year (2002), the wild jujubes begin to enter a high-yield period in the third year (2003), about 70 kilograms of peaches are produced per mu, the wild jujubes are grafted with the ash jujubes and the jun jujubes in the spring of the third year, about 60 percent of the wild jujubes are output from the nursery in the autumn of the third year, and the wild jujubes begin to enter a harvest stage in the third year);
step six, grafting: walnut was grafted in 2004. The first step is that the main variety of grafted walnut is selected to be 185 ℃ and the pollinated variety is new 2; the second step is that: the ratio of main planting to pollinated variety is 5:1, and the main planting and pollinated variety are configured in a staggered mode; the third step is grafting: grafting the grafting part at the position of 2.2 meters above the ground of the cultured black walnut tree trunk, cutting off the top branch and all the side branches of the black walnut tree, and grafting at the grafting position by adopting a branch grafting method; the grafting time is in the middle ten days of spring 4 months;
seventhly, managing in a grafting period (from the grafting to the loose binding survival period): after grafting, timely erasing buds, and completely erasing all buds on the black walnut trees except the grafted varieties, so that 2.2 m of the black walnut trees are guaranteed to be uneconomical and good; after the grafted variety survives, the grafted variety is immediately loose (about 45 to 55 days), and other management is carried out according to a normal water and fertilizer management method;
step eight, managing in the current year after grafting survival: after the walnut is grafted and survived, new tips, stems and branches formed by the walnut are normally managed according to the method of walnut economic forests. The method mainly comprises the following steps: bud fixing, bud picking, dry fixing and tip sharpening; irrigating for 1 time in 15-30 days and 10 times in the whole year; irrigating and topdressing 2 times (200 g of urea per plant and applying in a pit every time) at the beginning of 6 months and 7 months; after seedlings of red dates interplanted in autumn are raised, applying organic fertilizer (2 tons/mu of stable manure) and intertilling once. (the interplanting peach trees and the grafted red dates are normally managed, the peach trees enter a high-yield period in the fourth year, about 150 kilograms of peaches are produced per mu, the grafted seedlings of the ash jujubes and the jun jujubes are all out of nursery in the fourth year, and the interplanting is not carried out after the seedlings are out of nursery);
step nine, managing after the second year after grafting survival (2005-2015): after the walnut is grafted and survived, water and fertilizer management, pest prevention and control, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit control and the like are carried out according to the management mode of the walnut economic forest every year, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: spraying lime sulfur mixture before leaf spreading in spring for 1 time, pruning for 2 times by adopting natural open heart type shaping, irrigating for 10 times every year, applying organic fertilizer for 1 time in autumn, applying chemical fertilizer for 2 times, and combining with fertilizing and intertilling for 2 times. The walnut trees are subjected to fruit bearing from 3 years (2006), from 2010 to 2015, and the average annual output per mu of the walnut trees is 220 kg;
step ten, updating and felling: the current trial forest has not reached the age of renewal and felling. The test forest grows well at present, the average breast diameter in 15 years reaches 27.6cm, the average annual breast diameter growth quantity of black walnut wood is 1.84cm (more than 80% higher than that of an advantage ratio pair (the average annual breast diameter growth quantity of a single plant is 0.8cm-1 cm)), and the average annual output per mu of walnut is 220 kg (equal to that of the advantage ratio pair, and the income is more than 6000 yuan). According to the life cycle of walnuts and black walnuts, felling and updating are carried out after 60 years according to the intensity plan of fruit and wood dual-purpose forest management, the average annual growth per mu of the black walnut wood part in the test forest is expected to exceed 3000 yuan (0.15 m for double cropping/n), the average annual benefit per mu of the walnut part exceeds about 3000 yuan, and the total average annual benefit per mu of the walnut and the wood 2 part exceeds 6000 yuan.
Example 2: the invention relates to a walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest cultivation method, which is a test place of a forest management station in leaf city county in Xinjiang Kaishi region, and has the geographical coordinates as follows: 37 ° 52 '31.34 ″ north latitude, 77 ° 27' 32.43 ″ east longitude. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, purchasing 1-year-old black walnut seedling on the market in No. 3/12 2001, wherein the average ground diameter of the seedling is 1.6cm, the average height of the seedling is 97cm, the seedling has no plant diseases and insect pests, the root system is basically intact (20 cm × 35 cm), the seedling has no mechanical damage, the lignification degree is high, and the seedling grows robustly;
step two, afforestation, namely preparing soil according to a one-plough one-harrow method, ditching and afforesting, constructing a black walnut timber forest, adopting 5 × 5 (meters) for plant row spacing, 26 plants per mu, and irrigating in ditches, wherein the afforestation area is 4 mu, and 3 months and 18 days are completed (after the black walnut afforestation is completed, 23 # plants a peach tree grafted seedling among each black walnut plant, and simultaneously interplanting cotton with the width of 3 meters among rows);
step three, forest management after afforestation: irrigating water immediately after afforestation, immediately connecting 2 water after 1 week, irrigating water for about 15 days for 1 time, dressing urea for 1 time (150 g for each plant and applying in a pit) in 7 months, fertilizing, irrigating and comprehensively weeding and loosening the soil for 1 time, controlling water (irrigating for 1 time in 20-25 days) at the bottom of 8 months, completely weeding and loosening the soil for 1 time in 9 months and irrigating for 13 times all the year. Bud picking is not carried out in the current year. The survival rate and the preservation rate of the seedlings are investigated in winter, the average ground diameter of the seedlings is 1.8cm, and the average height of the seedlings is 121 cm. (except that the irrigation of the intercropped peach trees is the same as that of black walnuts, other management is normally carried out according to the conventional peach tree management technology, the management of the interplanted cotton and forest trees is completely separated, the cotton is normally managed according to the conventional cotton management technology, and the cotton has income in the current year);
step four, stumping: in the spring of 2002 (No. 3/5), stumping all the survival black walnut trees with the stumping height of 5 cm;
step five, forest management after stumping (2002-2003): normal water and fertilizer management is carried out after stumping in 2002, sprouting is carried out when sprouting strips grow to 20-30 (cm), usually, 3-4 sprouting strips are germinated on each black walnut, one upright sprouting strip which grows most robustly is selected as a main stem for reserving and culturing wood, the rest sprouting strips are all cut off, meanwhile, sprouting is carried out at any time in the whole growing season, only one main stem is reserved, 11 times of water is irrigated all year round, 1 time of fertilizer topdressing is carried out in the early 6 months and the early 7 months respectively, 1 time of comprehensive weeding and soil loosening is carried out in the combination of fertilization and irrigation in the early 7 months, water control is carried out in the bottom of 8 months, 1 time of water irrigation in the bottom of 9 months is carried out, 1 time of comprehensive weeding and soil loosening is carried out in combination of water, 1 time of irrigation in; in 2002, the ground diameter of the forest trees is 2.6cm on average, and the height of the forest trees is 157cm on average. And as the grafting height is not reached, the tree is continuously cultured for one year in 2003, management is carried out according to the previous year, but the sprouts in spring are reserved, all the sprouts are wiped off later, the ground diameter of the tree in 2003 is 3.9cm on average, and the height is 2.53cm on average. (the interplanting peach trees are normally managed, the peach trees begin to bear fruits in the second year (2002), the peach trees begin to enter a high-yield period in the third year (2003), about 70 kilograms of peaches are produced per mu, and cotton is interplanted in the same way in the second and third years, so that income is generated every year);
step six, grafting: walnut was grafted in 2004. The first step is that the main variety of grafted walnut is selected to be 185 ℃ and the pollinated variety is new 2; the second step is that: the ratio of main planting to pollinated variety is 5:1, and the main planting and pollinated variety are configured in a staggered mode; the third step is grafting: grafting the grafting part at the position of 2.2 meters above the ground of the cultured black walnut tree trunk, cutting off the top branch and all the side branches of the black walnut tree, and grafting at the grafting position by adopting a branch grafting method; the grafting time is in the middle ten days of spring 4 months;
seventhly, managing in a grafting period (from the grafting to the loose binding survival period): after grafting, timely erasing buds, and completely erasing all buds on the black walnut trees except the grafted varieties, so that 2.2 m of the black walnut trees are guaranteed to be uneconomical and good; after the grafted variety survives, the grafted variety is immediately loose (about 45 to 55 days), and other management is carried out according to a normal water and fertilizer management method;
step eight, managing in the current year after grafting survival: after the walnut is grafted and survived, new tips, stems and branches formed by the walnut are normally managed according to the method of walnut economic forests. The method mainly comprises the following steps: bud fixing, bud picking, dry fixing and tip sharpening; irrigating for 1 time in 15-30 days and 10 times in the whole year; irrigating and topdressing 2 times (200 g of urea per plant and applying in a pit every time) at the beginning of 6 months and 7 months; after the soybeans interplanted in autumn are harvested, applying organic fertilizer (2 tons/mu of stable manure) and then intertilling once. (the interplanting peach trees are normally managed, the peach trees enter a high-yield period in the fourth year, about 150 kilograms of peaches are produced per mu, soybeans are interplanted in the fourth year, normal income is achieved, and crops are not interplanted after the fourth year);
step nine, managing after the second year after grafting survival (2005-2015): after the walnut is grafted and survived, water and fertilizer management, pest prevention and control, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit control and the like are carried out according to the management mode of the walnut economic forest every year, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: spraying lime sulfur mixture before leaf spreading in spring for 1 time, pruning for 2 times by adopting natural open heart type shaping, irrigating for 10 times every year, applying organic fertilizer for 1 time in autumn, applying chemical fertilizer for 2 times, and combining with fertilizing and intertilling for 2 times. The walnut trees are subjected to fruit bearing from 3 years (2006), from 2010 to 2015, and the average annual output per mu is 215 kg;
step ten, updating and felling: the current trial forest has not reached the age of renewal and felling. The test forest grows well at present, the average breast diameter in 15 years reaches 25.4cm, the average annual breast diameter growth quantity of black walnut wood is 1.69cm (more than 70% higher than that of an advantage ratio pair (the average annual breast diameter growth quantity of a single plant is 0.8cm-1 cm)), and the average annual output of walnut yield per mu is 215 kg (the average annual output of the walnut yield per mu is equal to that of the advantage ratio pair and the income is more than 6000 yuan). According to the life cycle of walnuts and black walnuts, felling and updating are carried out after 60 years according to the intensity plan of fruit and wood dual-purpose forest management, the average annual growth per mu of the black walnut wood part in the test forest is expected to exceed 3000 yuan (0.15 m for double cropping/n), the average annual benefit per mu of the walnut part exceeds about 3000 yuan, and the total average annual benefit per mu of the walnut and the wood 2 part exceeds 6000 yuan.
It should be understood that the foregoing description of the present invention is by way of example only, and is not intended as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method of a walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1),
step one, nursery stock: selecting 1-2 year-old black walnut seedling, wherein the seedling is required to have no plant diseases and insect pests, complete root system, no mechanical damage to the seedling, high lignification degree and strong growth;
step two, afforestation, namely preparing soil and constructing a timber forest for the black walnuts, wherein the row spacing is adopted for afforestation according to the row spacing of cultivating large-diameter timbers with the diameter of more than 30cm, and the large-diameter timbers are usually planted in ridges or ditches according to the irrigation mode by adopting 5 × 5 meters or 5 × 6 meters;
step three, forest management after afforestation: watering immediately after afforestation, immediately connecting 2 water after 1 week, then managing according to a black walnut timber management method, requiring to strengthen water and fertilizer management in the same year of afforestation, ensuring that the survival rate of the nursery stock reaches more than 95 percent and the replanting in the spring of the second year can not be achieved;
step four, stumping: after the black walnut seedlings survive and grow for one year and before sprouting in spring of the next year, stumping all the survived trees, wherein the stumping height is 5cm above the surface of the trees;
step five, forest management after stumping: strengthening water and fertilizer management after stumping, carrying out fixed germination when sprout strips grow to 20-30cm, selecting one upright sprout strip which grows most robustly as a reserved culture medium, shearing or smearing all the rest sprout strips, then carrying out normal management according to a forest using method, carrying out water control in different areas in time after 8 months, taking the condition that terminal buds in winter are not frozen as a standard, and carrying out continuous culture for 2-3 years after stumping, wherein the wood height of the black walnut trees is required to reach more than 2.5 m, and the ground diameter is required to reach more than 3 cm;
step six, grafting: the first step is to select a grafting variety; the second step is that: the proportion and the configuration of main planting and pollination varieties; the third step is grafting: the grafting part is at the position of 2.2-2.4 meters of the ground height of the cultured black walnut tree trunk, the top branch and all the side branches of the black walnut tree are cut off, and the grafting part is grafted by adopting a bud grafting or branch grafting method; the grafting time can be carried out in spring or 6-7 months;
seventhly, grafting management: the method comprises the following steps of management in a grafting period, management in the current year after grafting survival and management after the second year after grafting survival;
step eight, updating and felling: according to the life cycle of walnuts and black walnuts, the harvest and the renewal are required for 50-70 years according to the management intensity of fruit and wood dual-purpose forest, the mark is that the fruiting quantity of walnuts continuously decreases, the upper branches begin to wither and die, the breast diameter of the wood part of the black walnuts of the trunk basically stops growing, and the growth quantity of the breast diameter per year is lower than 0.25 cm.
2. The method for cultivating the walnut material-usable forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and step six, selecting grafted varieties, different areas and regions, different main cultivars and pollinated varieties of walnuts, and selecting locally developed main cultivars and pollinated varieties.
3. The method for cultivating the walnut material-usable forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and step six, the proportion and the configuration of the main planting and pollinated varieties are 5:1, and the main planting and pollinated varieties are configured in a staggered mode.
4. The method for cultivating the walnut material-usable forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein: seventhly, management in a grafting period: after grafting, timely coating buds after the grafting till the grafted date is loosely bound, and completely removing all buds on the black walnut trees except for the grafted variety so as to ensure that the inordinate good wood of the black walnut trees is formed; and other management is normally carried out according to the economic forest and forest management method in the conventional grafting period, including timely loose binding, water and fertilizer management and pest prevention and control.
5. The method for cultivating the walnut material-usable forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and seventhly, managing in the current year after grafting survival: after the grafting survives, the formed new tips, stems and branches are normally managed according to the method of the walnut economic forest, including bud setting, bud picking, stem setting, water and fertilizer management and pest prevention and control.
6. The method for cultivating the walnut material-usable forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and seventhly, managing after grafting survival in the second year: and after the grafting survives, performing water and fertilizer management, pest prevention and control, shaping and pruning, flower control and fruit control according to the management mode of the walnut economic forest every year from the second year.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710555908.2A CN107232012B (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2017-07-10 | Method for cultivating walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710555908.2A CN107232012B (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2017-07-10 | Method for cultivating walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107232012A CN107232012A (en) | 2017-10-10 |
| CN107232012B true CN107232012B (en) | 2020-07-24 |
Family
ID=59991351
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710555908.2A Active CN107232012B (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2017-07-10 | Method for cultivating walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107232012B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108605630A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-10-02 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of height of apocarya fruit material dual-purpose determines drying method |
| CN110972791A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for planting shinyleaf yellowhorn protection forest in cotton field |
| CN113330968A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-03 | 南京林业大学 | Seedling growing method for inordinate good trees |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105613196A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-01 | 仁怀市龙井乡利东种植开发有限公司 | Walnut seedling cultivating method |
| CN106171559A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-12-07 | 天水市果树研究所 | A kind of breeding method of Semen Juglandis nursery stock |
| CN106171390A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波海逸园林工程有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of quercus chenii kind material dual-purpose forest |
-
2017
- 2017-07-10 CN CN201710555908.2A patent/CN107232012B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105613196A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-01 | 仁怀市龙井乡利东种植开发有限公司 | Walnut seedling cultivating method |
| CN106171390A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波海逸园林工程有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of quercus chenii kind material dual-purpose forest |
| CN106171559A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-12-07 | 天水市果树研究所 | A kind of breeding method of Semen Juglandis nursery stock |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 发展银杏 强县富民;李贤举 等;《湖北林业科技》;20010131;第112页 * |
| 柞水县核桃直播速生栽培技术;张萍 等;《陕西林业科技》;20150228;第28~29页 * |
| 黑核桃栽培与管理技术;叶殿秀 等;《陕西气象》;20000531;第29-31页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107232012A (en) | 2017-10-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106900346B (en) | Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method | |
| CN105746277B (en) | A kind of method of apocarya young growth and white tea composite plant | |
| CN104823655A (en) | Cultivation method of mulberries | |
| CN113141964B (en) | Planting method of long-acting carbon-neutralized forest in subtropical regions | |
| CN107232012B (en) | Method for cultivating walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest | |
| Singh et al. | Lychee production in India | |
| CN103329707A (en) | Slow-growth tree seed immediate propagation method | |
| CN111011019A (en) | Grape grafting and seedling method | |
| CN108668870B (en) | High-yield cultivation method for northern pear trees | |
| CN105123378A (en) | Green planting technology for south open ground blueberry and interplanting winter strawberry of same | |
| CN110012769B (en) | Teak mycorrhizal light-matrix container seedling raising method | |
| CN110367017A (en) | A kind of seed selection breeding method of white peach | |
| CN106258799B (en) | The construction method of Cenxi switch oil tea family full-sibs progeny forest | |
| CN111133950A (en) | Cultivation method for promoting flower bud differentiation at base of grape minor shoot | |
| CN103858626A (en) | Cuttage planting method of jatropha curcas | |
| Song et al. | Distribution Characteristics and Industrialization Development of Mulberry in Mu Us Desert | |
| CN1526264A (en) | Bud mutation culturing method for Chinese pearleaf crabapple | |
| CN107455216A (en) | A kind of cultural method of red bayberry | |
| Akanbi et al. | Response of Solanum melongena to NPK fertilizer and age transplant in the Guinea Savana Zone of Ecological Area of South Western Nigeria | |
| CN107493983B (en) | Potted flower forcing method for planting peony in south spring festival | |
| CN106508594A (en) | Purple autumn grape planting method based on Dehua local ecological environment | |
| Bustonov et al. | FACTORS FOR QUALITY GRAPE GROWING | |
| CN105474903A (en) | Yulan cultivation method | |
| Potanin et al. | Examine the feasibility of a more productive walnut seedlings walnut for industrial plants South | |
| Ghosal | Management of host plants for lac cultivation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |