CN113330968A - Seedling growing method for inordinate good trees - Google Patents
Seedling growing method for inordinate good trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling growing method for a catalpa bungei uneartful good wood, and belongs to the technical field of catalpa bungei cultivation. The method selects strong catalpa bungei seedlings to carry out fast-growing management under the pest-free and harmless condition so as to reduce the generation of internodes of catalpa bungei trunks, wherein the fast-growing management comprises fertilization management, intertillage weeding management and pest control management. The seedling raising method reduces the formation of nodes in the seedling stage by management means of fertilizing water, preventing and controlling insect pests and the like, starts to form the non-node seedlings from the seedling stage of the catalpa bungei, enables the seedlings to grow to 3-5cm in the seedling raising period of 1 year, improves the overall quality of the seedlings, ensures the survival rate after outplanting, and realizes the raising of non-node good materials; meanwhile, the seedlings are easier to survive after being transplanted, the pest resistance is enhanced, and the method is favorable for further cultivating the inordinate good woods of the catalpa bungei.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalpa bungei cultivation, and particularly relates to a seedling growing method for inordinate good wood of catalpa bungei.
Background
The catalpa bungei is one of the precious wood species in China, has good material quality, wide application and high economic value, is the first of the hundred trees, and has a plurality of structural characteristics and excellent characteristics in process. The catalpa bungei is annular and has narrow early wood, wide late wood and clear annual rings; the core material contains a filler. The wood density is 0.617 g/square meter, which is equivalent to nanmu and chinaberry, and higher than Juglans mandshurica and spinulosa. Catalpa species of broadleaf trees; the tensile strength is medium, is smaller than that of hard materials such as oaks and the like, and is larger than that of soft materials such as poplars, willows, elms and the like; the bending strength greatly exceeds that of most broad-leaved tree species; the impact toughness is higher, and the front part of the wood is big compared with broad-leaved trees. The trunk is straight, the sections are few, and the material property is good; the wood has straight grains, beautiful patterns, tough and compact texture, firmness, durability, good insulating property, water and moisture resistance, corrosion resistance and difficult moth-eating; easy processing, smooth section, moderate nailing force and good paint and adhesive force. The catalpa bungei material has wide application, is listed as an important material by the nation, is mainly used for gunstocks, models and ships, and is also a good veneer and a decorative material of an artificial board; in addition, the utility model is also used in carriages, musical instruments, crafts, cultural and sports goods, etc.
The seedling raising is an important link for cultivating the catalpa bungei, and the catalpa bungei with straight and unsmooth trunks has higher outturn percentage and use value. However, the catalpa bungei seedlings bred by the common method are easy to generate knots due to diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage and the growth stage after permanent planting, and the material value of the catalpa bungei seedlings is influenced.
The invention discloses a rapid breeding method of catalpa bungei tissue culture seedlings, which is disclosed in Chinese patent 201710902815.2 with publication date of 2017, 12 and 22, and aims to solve the problems of long breeding time and high breeding cost of the catalpa bungei tissue culture seedlings. The invention has the problems that the construction of a seedling raising shed and a seedling raising pool is required to be carried out firstly, the breeding process is complicated, and diseases and insect pests are likely to occur during the breeding process.
Wuli et al (general research on plant resources of catalpa bungei [ J ]. school of Shanghai university of transportation (agricultural science edition), 2010, 28 (1): 91-96.) disclose catalpa bungei insect pests and control methods, including control methods of the dendropanus punctatus, the gossyporyza incertulas, the Bibang beetle, and the Meloidogyne populi, but do not relate to how to cultivate catalpa bungei with straight and unorthodox trunk.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for growing seedlings of catalpa bungei with inordinate good quality, which can realize the fast growth of catalpa bungei under the condition of no insect and no harm in a short time and reduce the occurrence of internodes of catalpa bungei trunks.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a seedling raising method for a catalpa bungei inordinate good wood comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting strong catalpa bungei seedlings for fast growing management under the insect-free and harmless condition to reduce the occurrence of internodes of catalpa bungei trunks, wherein the fast growing management comprises fertilization management, intertillage weeding management and pest control management.
Further, the fertilization management specifically comprises: after the leaves fall in autumn, applying decomposed organic fertilizer between the rows of the catalpa bungei, applying compound fertilizer mainly containing quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the middle of 5 months, applying compound fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium in the late 7 to the upper 8 months, and watering thoroughly after each application.
Further, the amount of the organic fertilizer applied in autumn is 6-7.5 t/hm2And the dosage of applying the compound fertilizer in the middle ten days of 5 months is 450kg/hm2550kg/hm of compound fertilizer is applied from late 7 to early 82。
Furthermore, when the compound fertilizer is applied in the middle of 5 months, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements applied to each plant is 2: 1.
Further, when the compound fertilizer is applied from late 7 th month to early 8 th month, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied to each plant is 7: 5; 3.
further, the intertillage weeding management specifically comprises the following steps: weeding in mid-4, mid-6 and mid-8 months, respectively.
Further, the pest control management comprises control management of catalpa bungei knot nematode, catalpa bungei picalis, anthracnose, trematoda littoralis, parapareta bipolaris and bagworms.
Further, the control management of the catalpa bungei root knot nematode specifically comprises the following steps: removing diseased plant before seedling transplantation, or soaking diseased root with 48 deg.C hot water to kill knot nematode larva;
the control management of the dendroctonia solani specifically comprises the following steps: spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 40% omethoate or 90% trichlorfon from late 4 th to early 5 th of month, spraying the liquid once every 7-10 days, and continuously preventing and controlling for 2-3 times to poison adult and primary egg larvae of the dendronature moths;
the control management of the anthracnose specifically comprises the following steps: spraying 500 times of solution of 80% thiram wettable granules for 7 months, and continuously spraying for 3-4 times every 7 days;
the prevention and control management of the catalpa bungei is as follows: spraying 500-1000 times of Bt wettable powder or emulsion at the early stage of the disease of the lophanthera picta guenee; spraying 2000 times of 3% hypertonic fenoxycarb and 1000-3000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable solution in the middle of the disease; injecting 40% omethoate into the trunk; trapping and killing adult catalpa bungei by using a black light lamp;
the control management of the two-spot perirhizium anisopliae specifically comprises the following steps: spraying pesticide such as dichlorvos missible oil, omethoate missible oil or malathion missible oil in the emergence period of the larva of the two-spotted tortoise shell;
the control management of the gypsy moth is specifically as follows: removing bags of the gypsy moth in winter or early spring, capturing larvae, and adopting 1000-2000 times of 90% trichlorfon to prevent the larvae of 1-3 years old and 500-800 times of liquid to prevent the larvae of 4-5 years old.
Furthermore, the average ground diameter of the catalpa bungei seedlings managed by the fast growth is increased to 3-5cm within 1 year.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the seedling raising method reduces the formation of nodes in the seedling stage by management means of fertilizing water, preventing and controlling insect pests and the like, starts to form the non-node seedlings from the seedling stage of the catalpa bungei, enables the seedlings to grow to 3-5cm in the seedling raising period of 1 year, improves the overall quality of the seedlings, ensures the survival rate after outplanting, and realizes the raising of non-node good materials;
2) according to the seedling raising method, by means of a mode of enhancing fertilizer and water management, the growth of catalpa bungei is accelerated, meanwhile, the seedlings are vigorous in growth and strong in branches, and trunk dead knots formed by weak branches and diseased branches are reduced; the survival rate of the transplanting afforestation after the seedlings leave the nursery is improved, and the cultivation of the non-economical good wood in the later period is facilitated;
3) the seedling raising method disclosed by the invention can control insect damage in time in the seedling stage, can reduce the formation of nodes caused by insect gall, is easier to survive after seedling transplantation, enhances the insect damage resistance, and is beneficial to further cultivating the inorganized good wood of catalpa bungei.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison between the method for growing seedlings of poor quality trees according to the present invention and the growth of seedlings of catalpa bungei subjected to general fertilizer and water management.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Selecting a strongly growing catalpa bungei seedling without diseases and insect pests for transplanting at the beginning of 3 months at the end of 2 months every year, and then carrying out fast-growing management under the condition of no insect and no harm, so that the catalpa bungei grows to 3-5cm in 1 year, and no other management is needed except the fast-growing management, wherein the fast-growing management measures comprise increasing the fertilizing amount and frequency, timely intertillage weeding and strengthening the protection and treatment of the diseases and insect pests, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) applying decomposed organic fertilizer among lines after leaf falling in autumn, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises soybean meal, chicken manure and mushroom dregs, the soybean meal accounts for 50 wt.%, the chicken manure accounts for 20 wt.%, the mushroom dregs accounts for 30 wt.%, and the dosage is 6-7.5 t/hm2(ii) a Applying compound fertilizer mainly containing quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the middle ten days of 5 months at the dosage of 450kg/hm250g of nitrogen, 25g of phosphorus and 25g of potassium are applied to each plant; applying a compound fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium in the last 7 to last 8 months, wherein the using amount is 550kg/hm2Applying 70g of phosphorus, 50g of potassium and 30g of nitrogen to each plant; conditionally, organic fertilizer can be uniformly applied to the area distributed in the catalpa bungei seedling root system and the soil layer kept in a wet state when deep ploughing is carried out at the bottom of 3 months at 2 months each year, 30g of the organic fertilizer is purchased from a seedling company, and water is irrigated after each application.
2) Weeding in mid-4, mid-6 and mid-8 months, respectively.
3) The prevention and treatment of the catalpa bungei meloidogyne, the dendroctonia solani kuhn, the anthracnose, the dendrobeo dendrobii guenee, the two-spotted beetle and the bagworms are carried out:
removing diseased plant before seedling transplantation, or soaking diseased root with 48 deg.C hot water to kill knot nematode larva;
spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 40% omethoate or 90% trichlorfon from late 4 th to early 5 th of month, spraying the liquid once every 7-10 days, and continuously preventing and controlling for 2-3 times to poison adult and primary egg larvae of the dendronature moths;
spraying 500 times of liquid of 80% thiram wettable granules once every 7 days for 3-4 times to prevent and treat anthracnose after 7 months;
spraying 500-1000 times of Bt wettable powder or emulsion at the early stage of the onset of the chilotraea formosana guenee; spraying 2000 times of 3% hypertonic fenoxycarb liquid and 1000-3000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable solution in the middle of disease onset; injecting 40% omethoate into the trunk; trapping and killing adult catalpa bungei by using a black light lamp;
spraying pesticide such as dichlorvos missible oil, omethoate missible oil or malathion missible oil in the emergence period of the balanopsis variegata larvae, thereby preventing and treating the balanopsis variegata;
removing bags of the bagworms in winter or early spring, capturing larvae, and preventing and controlling the 1-3 instar larvae by using 1000-2000 times of liquid of 90% trichlorfon and preventing and controlling the 4-5 instar larvae by using 500-800 times of liquid, thereby preventing and controlling the bagworms.
As shown in fig. 1, 1 is a seedling of catalpa bungei, 2 and 3 are seedlings of catalpa bungei half a year after growth, 4 and 5 are seedlings of one year after growth, wherein 2 and 4 are seedlings of catalpa bungei in the fast growth management mode of the embodiment, the fertilizing amount and frequency are increased, the weeding is performed in time and the protection and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests are enhanced in the process from the seedling 1 to the seedling 2 and 4, 3 and 5 are seedlings of catalpa bungei in the normal fertilizer and water management mode, and the normal fertilizer and water management is performed on the catalpa bungei in the process from the seedling 1 to the seedling 3 and 5.
Comparative example
The normal water and fertilizer management comprises applying nitrogen fertilizer once every 5 months with the fertilizer application amount of 300kg/hm2Applying potassium fertilizer once in 10 months with the fertilizer application amount of 300kg/hm2In rainy season, no water is watered, and in summer with higher temperature, water is watered every 10 days.
Table 1 shows the comparison between the fast-growing management and the normal fertilizer and water management mode, and it can be seen that the average height of the seedlings of catalpa bungei is increased by 66.7%, the average ground diameter is increased by 50%, the growth vigor is good, and no knot is generated through half-year fast-growing management; through one-year fast-growing management, the average tree height of the catalpa bungei seedlings is increased by 50 percent, the average ground diameter is increased by 50 percent, the catalpa bungei seedlings grow well, and no knots are generated.
TABLE 1 comparison of the growth of catalpa bungei in the fast-growing management mode and the normal fertilizer and water management mode
Claims (9)
1. A seedling raising method for the inordinate good wood of catalpa bungei is characterized in that fast growing management is carried out on the catalpa bungei seedlings which grow robustly under the condition of no insect and no harm so as to reduce the generation of internodes of catalpa bungei trunks, and the fast growing management comprises fertilization management, intertillage weeding management and pest control management.
2. The method for growing seedlings of inordinate good wood of catalpa bungei as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization management specifically comprises: after the leaves fall in autumn, applying decomposed organic fertilizer between the rows of the catalpa bungei, applying compound fertilizer mainly containing quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the middle of 5 months, applying compound fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium in the late 7 to the upper 8 months, and watering thoroughly after each application.
3. The method for growing seedlings of inordinate good wood of catalpa bungei as claimed in claim 2, wherein the amount of organic fertilizer applied in autumn is 6-7.5 t/hm2And the dosage of applying the compound fertilizer in the middle ten days of 5 months is 450kg/hm2550kg/hm of compound fertilizer is applied from late 7 to early 82。
4. A method for growing seedlings of uneconomical trees according to claim 3, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied to each plant at a ratio of 2: 1 when compound fertilizers are applied in the middle of 5 months.
5. The method for growing seedlings of uneconomical trees of claim 3, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied to each plant is 7: 5: 3 when the compound fertilizer is applied from late 7 to late 8 months.
6. The method for growing seedlings of unearthed mountain ash according to claim 1, wherein the intertillage weeding management specifically comprises: weeding in mid-4, mid-6 and mid-8 months, respectively.
7. A method for raising seedlings of inorganics of catalpa bungei according to claim 1, wherein the pest control management comprises control management of meloidogyne catalpa, moth-killing borer, anthracnose, shoot borer, tortoises dioicus, and bagworms.
8. The method for raising seedlings of inoxidic fine woods of catalpa bungei according to claim 7, wherein the control management of the knot nematode of catalpa bungei is specifically as follows: removing diseased plant before seedling transplantation, or soaking diseased root with 48 deg.C hot water to kill knot nematode larva;
the control management of the dendroctonia solani specifically comprises the following steps: spraying 2000-3000 times of liquid of 40% omethoate or 90% trichlorfon from late 4 th to early 5 th of month, spraying the liquid once every 7-10 days, and continuously preventing and controlling for 2-3 times to poison adult and primary egg larvae of the dendronature moths;
the control management of the anthracnose specifically comprises the following steps: spraying 500 times of solution of 80% thiram wettable granules for 7 months, and continuously spraying for 3-4 times every 7 days;
the prevention and control management of the catalpa bungei is as follows: spraying 500-1000 times of Bt wettable powder or emulsion at the early stage of the disease of the lophanthera picta guenee; spraying 2000 times of 3% hypertonic fenoxycarb and 1000-3000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable solution in the middle of the disease; injecting 40% omethoate into the trunk; trapping and killing adult catalpa bungei by using a black light lamp;
the control management of the two-spot perirhizium anisopliae specifically comprises the following steps: spraying pesticide such as dichlorvos missible oil, omethoate missible oil or malathion missible oil in the emergence period of the larva of the two-spotted tortoise shell;
the control management of the gypsy moth is specifically as follows: picking off bags of the Bombycis gigas in winter or early spring, capturing larvae, and adopting 1000-2000 times of 90% trichlorfon to prevent 1-3 instar larvae, and 500-800 times of liquid to prevent 4-5 instar larvae.
9. The method for growing seedlings of inordinate saplings of catalpa bungei according to claim 1, wherein the average diameter of the seedlings of catalpa bungei under fast-growing management is increased to 3-5cm within 1 year.
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