CN108207513B - Movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation cultivation box and preservation method - Google Patents
Movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation cultivation box and preservation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108207513B CN108207513B CN201810131834.4A CN201810131834A CN108207513B CN 108207513 B CN108207513 B CN 108207513B CN 201810131834 A CN201810131834 A CN 201810131834A CN 108207513 B CN108207513 B CN 108207513B
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- 244000157072 Hylocereus undatus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 235000018481 Hylocereus undatus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 235000010837 Echinocereus enneacanthus subsp brevispinus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000006850 Echinocereus enneacanthus var dubius Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004883 flower formation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001116759 Koeberlinia Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 240000008086 Echinocereus enneacanthus Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000219357 Cactaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001677302 Hylocereus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001646828 Platostoma chinense Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001261505 Undaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ceramsite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation and cultivation box and a preservation method, and belongs to the technical field of dragon fruit cultivation. The movable cultivation box comprises a square box body which is opened upwards, the bottom of the box body is provided with a drain hole, the length of the box body is 40-60 cm, the width of the box body is 30-45 cm, and the height of the box body is 40-50 cm; the cultivation frame is in an inverted V-shaped grid structure, and two bottom ends of the cultivation frame are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of two long edges of the box body; the width of the box body is slightly smaller than the width of the long side of the box body; it is hard structure and is not easy to corrode and deform. The preservation method of the pitaya germplasm comprises the steps of matrix boxing, seedling planting, main vine culture, fruiting branch updating and the like. The invention realizes the parent mating of single-part germplasm of the dragon fruit, which has small occupied area, is easy to identify flowering and fruiting of plants and is easy to be hybridized and combined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dragon fruit cultivation, in particular to a movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation cultivation box and a preservation method.
Background
Pitaya (Latin name: hylocereus undulatus Britt), also known as red dragon fruit, dragon bead fruit, mesona chinensis, and Yulong fruit. Cactaceae, and Undaria genus plant. The fruit is elliptical, has diameter of 10-12 cm, has red or yellow appearance, has green rounded triangle leaf, and white, red or yellow pulp, and has black seed. The dragon fruit has rich nutrition and unique functions, and contains plant albumin, anthocyanin, abundant vitamins and water-soluble dietary fibers which are rare in common plants. Dragon fruit belongs to cool fruits, and in a natural state, the fruits are ripe in summer and autumn and sweet and succulent. Pitaya is a perennial climbing plant, stems are fleshy stems, and fixed and firm objects need to climb to bloom, fruit and shape.
The propagation method of the dragon fruits generally adopts cutting propagation and grafting propagation. Cutting propagation, wherein the cutting time is most suitable in spring, cutting is selected from stem knots with full growth, cutting into small sections, and inserting into a sand bed or directly cutting under a support frame and at the side edge of a cement column after wound air drying. Watering is not needed after cutting, the dryness of soil is maintained, watering is started after 10 days, rooting can be carried out about 15-30 days, and the roots are transplanted into the seedbed for a long time. Grafting propagation, namely selecting a 'Tiantianchi' which is free of plant diseases and insect pests, strong in growth and full in stem and flesh as a stock, and grafting dragon fruits on a sunny day. Cutting the stem of dragon fruit with a knife to form a plane, inserting the scion into the cambium, binding and fixing with cotton thread, forming a large amount of callus on the wound joint surface for 4-5 days at 28-30 ℃, ensuring that the scion and the stock are similar in color, indicating that the two vascular bundles are healed, grafting is successful, and then moving into a temporary planting seedbed for continuous cultivation.
The traditional pitaya germplasm reproduction preservation mode has the following defects: (1) the occupied area of single germplasm is large. (2) When the flowering and fruiting of the plant are identified, the biological characteristics of different germplasm are not easy to be compared and observed under the same cultivation and environmental conditions. (3) The hybrid combined parent is inconvenient to breed, inconvenient to observe, inconvenient to urge flowers, inconvenient to operate and inconvenient to adjust the flowering phase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation cultivation box and a preservation method, which are used for transferring the cultivation box to a flower forcing and mating room for induction flower formation and hybridization after a dragon fruit germplasm fruiting branch is mature, so that the biological characteristics of different germplasm are compared and observed under the same cultivation and environmental conditions, and the occupied area of a single dragon fruit is small.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a portable dragon fruit germplasm keeps cultivation case which characterized in that: comprises a square box body which is opened upwards, the bottom of the box body is provided with a drain hole, the length of the box body is 40-60 cm, the width of the box body is 30-45 cm, and the height of the box body is 40-50 cm;
the cultivation frame is in an inverted V-shaped grid structure, and two bottom ends of the cultivation frame are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of two long edges of the box body; the width of the box body is slightly smaller than the width of the long side of the box body; it is hard structure and is not easy to corrode and deform.
Based on the structure, as the dragon fruit is a perennial climbing plant, the stem is a fleshy stem, a fixed and firm object must be climbed to bloom, fruit and shape, a cultivation substrate is placed in the box body, the dragon fruit parent stem or the nursery stock is inserted into the cultivation substrate, and the grown main vine can grow along the upward climbing of the cultivation frame; the box body can simultaneously store 10-12 dragon fruit germplasm at one time, so that the occupied area for storing the dragon fruit germplasm is greatly saved; the reserved holes at the bottom are used for timely discharging excessive water, and the box body is proper in volume and convenient to move to the flower forcing and mating chamber for induction flower formation and hybridization treatment.
Further, the bottom surface of the box body is provided with a plurality of cross bars which are parallel to each other, and the drain hole is positioned between the cross bars.
The adoption of the further scheme has the beneficial effects that the water in the box body can be discharged by arranging the cross bars with the water discharge holes between the cross bars, so that the loose ventilation of the culture medium in the box body is maintained; by arranging the cross bars, when the cultivation box is to be moved, fingers can be easily placed under the box body to move the cultivation box.
Further, the length and width of the grid of the cultivation frame are 6-10 cm, and the length of the cultivation frame is 200-220 cm.
Further, the box body is a foam box, a plastic box or a metal box.
Further, the cultivation frame is a hot galvanizing electric welding net.
A preservation method of pitaya germplasm is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of
Step S1, substrate boxing, namely selecting a clean, pathogen-free, loose, breathable and relatively decomposition-resistant light cultivation substrate with good water retention, wherein the height of the cultivation substrate boxing is 8-12 cm away from a box opening; the cultivation substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of coconut chaff, 2-3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 3-6 parts of vermiculite, 2-5 parts of haydite, 2-4 parts of peat soil and 5-8 parts of nutrient soil;
step S2, planting the seedlings, namely taking healthy disease-free dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings with the length of 30-40 cm, obliquely inserting a base part into a cultivation matrix for 3-5 cm above a box opening in a second or third layer of meshes, exposing the upper ends of the dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings to the outside of the meshes, and planting one strain of dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings in each row of meshes; the redundant thorn seat or new bud of each dragon fruit mother stem or seedling is castrated, and only one intact thorn seat or new bud is reserved outside the exposed grid;
step S3, main vines are cultivated, and the seedlings are shaped according to a single-trunk single-branch mode; the thorn seat or the new bud on the mother stem or the seedling of each dragon fruit grows into main vines, each main vine is bound with a binding line for one line per 20-28 cm long, and the thorn seat below the binding position is completely castrated before the vines are bound; when the main vines grow to be slightly higher than the second transverse lines downwards from the top of the cultivation frame, leading the main vine tips to the inner side of the top of the cultivation frame, enabling the main vine tips to penetrate out from the uppermost grid at the top of the cultivation frame, and binding the vines by using plastic binding wires; before binding vines, all thorn seats or new buds below the vine binding position are castrated, tops are cut at the second section higher than the uppermost grid transverse line after vine binding, one outward thorn seat is reserved, and all other thorn seats are castrated;
step S4, cultivating the fruiting branch, wherein the remaining thorn seat or the new bud in the step S3 enables the bud to develop into a first generation fruiting branch, when the first generation fruiting branch grows to a flattening stage or 50-70 cm in length, topping, if the growth angle is askew, twisting the fruiting branch for 1-2 times, enabling the fruiting branch to droop along the vertical line of the electric welding net, and binding the fruiting branch by using a plastic binding wire; after the first generation fruiting branch is aged, transferring the cultivation box to a flower forcing mating room for induction flower formation and hybridization treatment;
step S5, updating the fruiting branches, wherein the fruiting branches after the second generation are extracted and generated at the base part of the fruiting branches of the first generation due to the top end advantage effect, and each generation of new buds only remain the bud with the highest position and the bud grows outwards to be cultivated into the fruiting branches of the next generation; when the third generation fruit branch is topped and the vine is bound, the first generation fruit branch is cut off from the base part, so that the dragon fruit is kept in a single-trunk double-branch state for a long time.
In the steps, a cultivation substrate is filled into a box body, and the foundation for growth of mother stems or seedlings of dragon fruits is formed by coco coir, decomposed organic fertilizer, vermiculite, ceramsite, peat soil, nutrient soil and composite nutrient components; in the step S2, the length and the planting depth of the mother stems or the seedlings of the dragon fruits are required, the thorn seats or the new buds are castrated, and only one intact thorn seat or new bud is reserved outside the exposed grid to ensure that the new tendrils growing out of the mother stems or the seedlings of the dragon fruits grow according to the requirements; step S3, shaping the seedlings according to a single-trunk single-branch mode in the main vine culture to prevent the main vine from growing in disorder, reserving an outward thorn seat at the topping position, and completely castrating the rest thorn seats, so that fruiting branches can grow according to requirements; in the step S4, culturing the fruiting branches, guiding the growth direction of the fruiting branches, and binding the fruiting branches by using plastic binding wires for fixation; in step S5, the dragon fruits are kept in a single-trunk double-branch state, so that the growth of the dragon fruits enters a virtuous circle.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the cultivation box can flexibly move, after the germplasm fruiting branches are mature, the cultivation box can be transferred to the flower forcing and breeding chamber for induction flower formation and hybridization treatment, parent materials can be subjected to successive flower forcing treatment according to the flower formation difference among parents, so that the parent materials meet in the flowering period, hybridization breeding can be completed in a short distance, and the efficiency and accuracy of hybridization operation are improved; the dragon fruit germplasm breeding breaks the limit of natural environment on flower induction to a certain extent because the dragon fruit germplasm breeding can be moved to a flower forcing breeding room for flower induction.
2. The cultivation and preservation method of the pitaya germplasm is easy to realize comparison and observation of biological characteristics of different germplasm under the same cultivation and environmental conditions.
3. The single plant of the dragon fruit germplasm preservation disclosed by the invention has small occupied area and is convenient to cultivate and manage. By adopting the cultivation and preservation mode, 1 part of germplasm is used for preserving 10 to 12 plants, only one box is needed, and the occupied area is 0.15 to 0.3m 2 2000-4000 parts of materials can be stored in each mu of land, which is more than 20 times of the traditional preservation mode of the pitaya germplasm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a cultivation box of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the case of the present invention.
1-box body, 2-cultivation frame, 11-drain hole, 12-horizontal bar.
Detailed Description
The following is a further description of the specific embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation and cultivation box comprises a box body 1 which is square and is opened upwards, a drain hole 11 is arranged at the bottom of the box body, and the length of the box body is 40cm, the width of the box body is 30cm, and the height of the box body is 40cm; the bottom surface of the box body 1 is provided with a plurality of cross bars 12 which are parallel to each other, the drain holes 11 are positioned between the cross bars 11, and the box body 1 is a foam box.
The cultivation frame 2 is in an inverted V-shaped grid structure, and two bottom ends of the cultivation frame are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of two long edges of the box body; the width of the box body is slightly smaller than the width of the long side of the box body 1; the cultivation frame 2 is a hot galvanizing electric welding net which is of a hard structure and is not easy to corrode and deform; the length and width of the grid of the cultivation frame 2 are 6cm, and the length of the cultivation frame 2 is 200cm.
A preservation method of pitaya germplasm is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of
Step S1, substrate boxing, namely selecting a clean, pathogen-free, loose, breathable and relatively decomposition-resistant light cultivation substrate with good water retention, wherein the height of the cultivation substrate boxing is 8cm away from a box opening; the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of coconut chaff, 2 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 3 parts of vermiculite, 2 parts of haydite, 2 parts of peat soil and 5 parts of nutrient soil;
step S2, planting the seedlings, namely taking healthy disease-free dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings with the length of 30cm, obliquely inserting a base part into a cultivation matrix for 3cm above a box opening in a second or third layer of meshes, exposing the upper ends of the dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings to the outside of the meshes, and planting one dragon fruit mother stem or seedling in each row of meshes; the redundant thorn seat or new bud of each dragon fruit mother stem or seedling is castrated, and only one intact thorn seat or new bud is reserved outside the exposed grid;
step S3, main vines are cultivated, and the seedlings are shaped according to a single-trunk single-branch mode; the thorn seat or the new bud on the mother stem or the seedling of each dragon fruit grows into main vines, each main vine is tied up with a binding line for every 20cm long, and the thorn seat below the vine tying position is completely castrated before the vine tying; when the main vines grow to be slightly higher than the second transverse lines downwards from the top of the cultivation frame, leading the main vine tips to the inner side of the top of the cultivation frame, enabling the main vine tips to penetrate out from the uppermost grid at the top of the cultivation frame, and binding the vines by using plastic binding wires; before binding vines, all thorn seats or new buds below the vine binding position are castrated, tops are cut at the second section higher than the uppermost grid transverse line after vine binding, one outward thorn seat is reserved, and all other thorn seats are castrated;
step S4, cultivating the fruiting branch, wherein the remaining thorn seat or the new bud in the step S3 enables the bud to develop into a first generation fruiting branch, when the first generation fruiting branch grows to a flattening stage or a length of about 50cm, topping, if the growth angle is askew, twisting the fruiting branch for 1 time, enabling the fruiting branch to droop along a vertical line of the electric welding net, and binding the fruiting branch by using a plastic binding wire; after the first generation fruiting branch is aged, transferring the cultivation box to a flower forcing mating room for induction flower formation and hybridization treatment;
step S5, updating the fruiting branches, wherein the fruiting branches after the second generation are extracted and generated at the base part of the fruiting branches of the first generation due to the top end advantage effect, and each generation of new buds only remain the bud with the highest position and the bud grows outwards to be cultivated into the fruiting branches of the next generation; when the third generation fruit branch is topped and the vine is bound, the first generation fruit branch is cut off from the base part, so that the dragon fruit is kept in a single-trunk double-branch state for a long time.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation and cultivation box comprises a box body 1 which is square and is opened upwards, a drain hole 11 is arranged at the bottom of the box body, and the length of the box body is 50cm, the width of the box body is 37.5cm, and the height of the box body is 45cm; the bottom surface of the box body 1 is provided with a plurality of transverse bars 12 which are parallel to each other, the drain holes 11 are positioned between the transverse bars 11, and the box body 1 is a plastic box.
The cultivation frame 2 is in an inverted V-shaped grid structure, and two bottom ends of the cultivation frame are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of two long edges of the box body; the width of the box body is slightly smaller than the width of the long side of the box body 1; the cultivation frame 2 is a hot galvanizing electric welding net which is of a hard structure and is not easy to corrode and deform; the length and width of the grid of the cultivation frame 2 are 8cm, and the length of the cultivation frame 2 is 210cm.
A preservation method of pitaya germplasm is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of
Step S1, substrate boxing, namely selecting a clean, pathogen-free, loose, breathable and relatively decomposition-resistant light cultivation substrate with good water retention, wherein the height of the cultivation substrate boxing is 10cm away from a box opening; the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4.5 parts of coconut chaff, 2.5 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 4.5 parts of vermiculite, 3.5 parts of haydite, 3 parts of peat soil and 6.5 parts of nutrient soil;
step S2, planting the seedlings, namely taking healthy disease-free dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings with the length of 35cm, obliquely inserting a base part into a cultivation matrix for 4cm above a box opening in a second or third layer of meshes, exposing the upper ends of the dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings to the outside of the meshes, and planting one dragon fruit mother stem or seedling in each row of meshes; the redundant thorn seat or new bud of each dragon fruit mother stem or seedling is castrated, and only one intact thorn seat or new bud is reserved outside the exposed grid;
step S3, main vines are cultivated, and the seedlings are shaped according to a single-trunk single-branch mode; the thorn seat or the new bud on the mother stem or the seedling of each dragon fruit grows into main vines, each main vine is tied up with a binding line for one line every 24cm long, and the thorn seat below the vine tying position is required to be completely castrated before the vine tying; when the main vines grow to be slightly higher than the second transverse lines downwards from the top of the cultivation frame, leading the main vine tips to the inner side of the top of the cultivation frame, enabling the main vine tips to penetrate out from the uppermost grid at the top of the cultivation frame, and binding the vines by using plastic binding wires; before binding vines, all thorn seats or new buds below the vine binding position are castrated, tops are cut at the second section higher than the uppermost grid transverse line after vine binding, one outward thorn seat is reserved, and all other thorn seats are castrated;
step S4, cultivating the fruiting branch, wherein the remaining thorn seat or the new bud in the step S3 enables the bud to develop into a first generation fruiting branch, when the first generation fruiting branch grows to a flattening stage or a length of about 60cm, topping, if the growth angle is askew, twisting the fruiting branch for 2 times, enabling the fruiting branch to droop along a vertical line of the electric welding net, and binding the fruiting branch by using a plastic binding wire; after the first generation fruiting branch is aged, transferring the cultivation box to a flower forcing mating room for induction flower formation and hybridization treatment;
step S5, updating the fruiting branches, wherein the fruiting branches after the second generation are extracted and generated at the base part of the fruiting branches of the first generation due to the top end advantage effect, and each generation of new buds only remain the bud with the highest position and the bud grows outwards to be cultivated into the fruiting branches of the next generation; when the third generation fruit branch is topped and the vine is bound, the first generation fruit branch is cut off from the base part, so that the dragon fruit is kept in a single-trunk double-branch state for a long time.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation and cultivation box comprises a box body 1 which is square and is opened upwards, a drain hole 11 is arranged at the bottom of the box body, and the length of the box body is 60cm, the width of the box body is 45cm, and the height of the box body is 50cm; the bottom surface of the box body 1 is provided with a plurality of cross bars 12 which are parallel to each other, and the drain holes 11 are positioned between the cross bars 12. The box body 1 is a metal box.
The cultivation frame 2 is in an inverted V-shaped grid structure, and two bottom ends of the cultivation frame are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of two long edges of the box body 1; the width of the box body is slightly smaller than the width of the long side of the box body 1; the cultivation frame 2 is a hot galvanizing electric welding net which is of a hard structure and is not easy to corrode and deform; the length and width of the grid of the cultivation frame 2 are 10cm, and the length of the cultivation frame 2 is 220cm.
A preservation method of pitaya germplasm is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of
Step S1, substrate boxing, namely selecting a clean, pathogen-free, loose, breathable and relatively decomposition-resistant light cultivation substrate with good water retention, wherein the boxing height of the cultivation substrate is 12cm away from a box opening; the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of coconut chaff, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 6 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of ceramsite, 4 parts of peat soil and 8 parts of nutrient soil;
step S2, planting the seedlings, namely taking healthy disease-free dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings with the length of 40cm, obliquely inserting a base part into a cultivation matrix for 5cm above a box opening in a second or third layer of meshes, exposing the upper ends of the dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings to the outside of the meshes, and planting one dragon fruit mother stem or seedling in each row of meshes; the redundant thorn seat or new bud of each dragon fruit mother stem or seedling is castrated, and only one intact thorn seat or new bud is reserved outside the exposed grid;
step S3, main vines are cultivated, and the seedlings are shaped according to a single-trunk single-branch mode; the thorn seat or the new bud on the mother stem or the seedling of each dragon fruit grows into main vines, each main vine is tied up with a binding line for 28cm long, and the thorn seat below the vine tying position is completely castrated before tying up the vines; when the main vines grow to be slightly higher than the second transverse lines downwards from the top of the cultivation frame, leading the main vine tips to the inner side of the top of the cultivation frame, enabling the main vine tips to penetrate out from the uppermost grid at the top of the cultivation frame, and binding the vines by using plastic binding wires; before binding vines, all thorn seats or new buds below the vine binding position are castrated, tops are cut at the second section higher than the uppermost grid transverse line after vine binding, one outward thorn seat is reserved, and all other thorn seats are castrated;
step S4, cultivating the fruiting branch, wherein the remaining thorn seat or the new bud in the step S3 enables the bud to develop into a first generation fruiting branch, when the first generation fruiting branch grows to a flattening stage or a length of about 70cm, topping, if the growth angle is askew, twisting the fruiting branch for 1-2 times, enabling the fruiting branch to droop along a vertical line of the electric welding net, and binding the fruiting branch by using a plastic binding wire; after the first generation fruiting branch is aged, transferring the cultivation box to a flower forcing mating room for induction flower formation and hybridization treatment;
step S5, updating the fruiting branches, wherein the fruiting branches after the second generation are extracted and generated at the base part of the fruiting branches of the first generation due to the top end advantage effect, and each generation of new buds only remain the bud with the highest position and the bud grows outwards to be cultivated into the fruiting branches of the next generation; when the third generation fruit branch is topped and the vine is bound, the first generation fruit branch is cut off from the base part, so that the dragon fruit is kept in a single-trunk double-branch state for a long time.
The foregoing description is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should be construed to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preservation method of pitaya germplasm is characterized by comprising the following steps: the movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation cultivation box is adopted for preservation, and the movable dragon fruit germplasm preservation cultivation box comprises
The box body is square and is opened upwards, the bottom of the box body is provided with a drain hole, the length of the box body is 40-60 cm, the width of the box body is 30-45 cm, and the height of the box body is 40-50 cm;
the cultivation frame is in an inverted V-shaped grid structure, and two bottom ends of the cultivation frame are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of two long edges of the box body; the width of the box body is slightly smaller than the width of the long side of the box body; the steel is of a hard structure and is not easy to corrode and deform;
the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, substrate boxing, namely selecting a clean, pathogen-free, loose, breathable and relatively decomposition-resistant light cultivation substrate with good water retention, wherein the height of the cultivation substrate boxing is 8-12 cm away from a box opening; the cultivation substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of coconut chaff, 2-3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 3-6 parts of vermiculite, 2-5 parts of haydite, 2-4 parts of peat soil and 5-8 parts of nutrient soil;
step S2, planting the seedlings, namely taking healthy disease-free dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings with the length of 30-40 cm, obliquely inserting a base part into a cultivation matrix for 3-5 cm above a box opening in a second or third layer of meshes, exposing the upper ends of the dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings to the outside of the meshes, and planting one strain of dragon fruit mother stems or seedlings in each row of meshes; the redundant thorn seat or new bud of each dragon fruit mother stem or seedling is castrated, and only one intact thorn seat or new bud is reserved outside the exposed grid;
step S3, main vines are cultivated, and the seedlings are shaped according to a single-trunk single-branch mode; the thorn seat or the new bud on the mother stem or the seedling of each dragon fruit grows into main vines, each main vine is bound with a binding line for one line per 20-28 cm long, and the thorn seat below the binding position is completely castrated before the vines are bound; when the main vines grow to be slightly higher than the second transverse lines downwards from the top of the cultivation frame, leading the main vine tips to the inner side of the top of the cultivation frame, enabling the main vine tips to penetrate out from the uppermost grid at the top of the cultivation frame, and binding the vines by using plastic binding wires; before binding vines, all thorn seats or new buds below the vine binding position are castrated, tops are cut at the second section higher than the uppermost grid transverse line after vine binding, one outward thorn seat is reserved, and all other thorn seats are castrated;
step S4, cultivating the fruiting branch, wherein the remaining thorn seat or the new bud in the step S3 enables the bud to develop into a first generation fruiting branch, when the first generation fruiting branch grows to a flattening stage or 50-70 cm in length, topping, if the growth angle is askew, twisting the fruiting branch for 1-2 times, enabling the fruiting branch to droop along the vertical line of the electric welding net, and binding the fruiting branch by using a plastic binding wire; after the first generation fruiting branch is aged, transferring the cultivation box to a flower forcing mating room for induction flower formation and hybridization treatment;
step S5, updating fruiting branches, wherein due to top dominance, fruiting branches after the second generation are extracted and light-colored at the base part of the fruiting branches of the first generation, and each generation of new buds only remain the bud with the highest position and the bud grows outwards to be cultivated into the fruiting branches of the next generation; when the third generation fruit branch is topped and the vine is bound, the first generation fruit branch is cut off from the base part, so that the dragon fruit is kept in a single-trunk double-branch state for a long time.
2. The method for preserving the germplasm of a dragon fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the box body is provided with a plurality of cross bars which are parallel to each other, and the drain hole is positioned between the cross bars.
3. The method for preserving the germplasm of a dragon fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length and width of the grid of the cultivation frame are 6-10 cm, and the length of the cultivation frame is 200-220 cm.
4. The method for preserving the germplasm of a dragon fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the box body is a foam box, a plastic box or a metal box.
5. The method for preserving the germplasm of a dragon fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cultivation frame is a hot galvanizing electric welding net.
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| CN109924076B (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2022-01-04 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Breeding method for shortening dragon fruit crossbreeding period |
| CN112136592B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-05-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Improved frame type dragon fruit cement pipe and dragon fruit cultivation method |
| CN112568073A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for dragon fruit seedlings |
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