CN101341839B - Plate-like tidying and pruning method for peach - Google Patents
Plate-like tidying and pruning method for peach Download PDFInfo
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- CN101341839B CN101341839B CN2008100224134A CN200810022413A CN101341839B CN 101341839 B CN101341839 B CN 101341839B CN 2008100224134 A CN2008100224134 A CN 2008100224134A CN 200810022413 A CN200810022413 A CN 200810022413A CN 101341839 B CN101341839 B CN 101341839B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a peach tree pruning method which belongs to the technical field of peach tree cultivation. After peach seedlings are colonized, 15cm to 20cm of fixed pole height is adopted; a fixed pole is provided with more than 5 to 7 good leaf buds which grow straightly upwards along a young sprout cultivating central pole on the top end; other germinal young sprouts at the matrix form wheel-shaped branches; after 3 to 4 years, 3 to 4 of the branches are selected as boughs to be cultivated; both sides of each bough are evenly provided with side branches and bearing branches; the angles formed between the boughs and the ground are kept to be about 30 degrees to 40 degrees. After 4 to 5 years of cultivation, a coiled tree shape with the 3-to-4-year boughs as the backbone is formed. The tree shape cultivated through the method makes full use of the characteristics of the natural growth of a peach tree; in the preliminary period, tree crown expands quickly, has high yield andgood quality, is low in height, convenient and labor saving in operation; the light condition in the bore is fully improved, the matrix is not bald, the full bearing period is prolonged, the tree is strong, the economic life is long, and the peach tree cultivation has very good promotion and application value.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of peach plate-like pruning, belong to peach culture technique field, be applicable to the pruning of peach.
Two, background technology
The peach cultivation is in the history in existing more than 3000 year of China, develop into economic fruit in the last hundred years gradually, in order to improve the economic benefit of peach cultivation, progressively found out the method for various prunings, the main shaping and trimming method of peach has at present: two major branch natural open centre shape pruning methods, three major branch natural open centre shape pruning methods and trunk type pruning method, cup-like shape pruning method etc., the method of various prunings is to major branch, the position of side shoot, angular divergence, strict regulation is all arranged, with the people for cutting, press, it is tree-like method such as to draw to cultivate, along with the deep research of culture technique, Japan invented various shaping methods again in succession in recent years, as: tilting is tree-like, frame " Y " type shaping and trimming method, but branch is manually drawn in all employings without exception, lures measure such as to draw, when practical operation, the growth of peach does not resemble desirable tree-like, is difficult to hold in application process; Shaping painstakingly impels thorax sprouting water sprout in it on the contrary, stimulates major branch upwards upright, makes basic illumination deficiency, the base portion baldness occurs.Adopt the plate-like shaping and trimming method, make full use of the characteristics of peach happiness light, impel the base portion branch to elongation all around with center-pole, the 3-4 foundation of selecting and remain portion branch is cultivated into major branch, forms the plate-like tree crown, thorax illumination abundance in the tree body, major branch back water sprout is few, very helps the production of high quality fruit.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem
The present invention is directed to and occur interior thorax branch excessive growth in the present peach pruning, the major branch base portion occurs baldness easily and causes moving on the setting fruit position, this outstanding problem of operational administrative difficulty, a kind of peach plate-like shaping and trimming method is provided, make full use of tree property, the vitality of long term maintenance basal knot fruit branch group, and obviously improve the high quality fruit rate, reduce the height of tree simultaneously, make bookkeeping convenient and swift.
Technical scheme peach plate-like shaping and trimming method, it comprises:
1, select the good Ji of varieties of plant, daybreak, newly spend in vain or the peach seedling of healthy and strong the no damage by disease and insect of day river Bai Fengzhong, in the mid or late Febuary field planting, nursery stock is decided bar height 15-20cm in the knob, Jiangsu, deciding the bar position has the individual good leaf bud of 5-7, to sprout into branch;
2, insert a bamboo pole in that the good seedling of field planting is other, with mobile jib draw tie up on bamboo pole upright to guarantee trunk.
When 3, young sprout is elongated to 30cm after the leaf bud rudiment, the young sprout on mobile jib top is strapped on the bamboo pole, lure and draw its upright growth, cultivate into center-pole, the young sprout of all the other sproutings forms wheel shape branch at base portion, lets alone to launch growth to all around, cultivates into major branch candidate branch, the major branch angular divergence of Xing Chenging is big like this, and tree crown is low.
4, winter pruning in the 2nd year: cut off the more vigorous branch of growth on the major branch candidate branch (this with major branch candidate branch in the rugosity of ramification point than greater than 3/7 branch) to keep apical dominance, all the other branches are not pruned substantially, let alone its elongation, because branch phototropism, the major branch candidate branch of tree crown base portion further enlarge tree crown to launching elongation all around;
5,3-4 pruning: in major branch candidate branch, select the orientation preferably 3-4 root branch as major branch, remaining wheel shape branch divides 2-3 to bounce back year by year to remove, the branch that center-pole base portion 1-1.5m is influenced thorax illumination in the peach all removes, and the height of center-pole remains on 2-2.5m.
6, the shaping after the 5th year: along with the increase of the amount of bearing fruit, major branch is further carried out, and should set up pillar control major branch sagging, and the angle that keeps major branch and ground is between 30 °-40 °.The major branch both sides evenly dispose side shoot and fruit bearing shoot group.It is tree-like progressively to form plate-like.
7, winter pruning is to prune off, and fruit bearing shoot is cutting back not, and major branch top cutting back 2/5 is kept its apical dominance, and the fruit bearing shoot group is sagging behind the 2-3 cuts off tip 2/5-3/5 to scheme rejuvenation when weak; Summer pruning keeps the 4-5 of its to the vigorous young sprout of major branch back in mid or late June and opens the blade cutting back, impels it to sprout sublateral shoot and forms the fruit bearing shoot group.
The method of above-mentioned pruning is preferably selected the area at fertile soil for use, and the peach growing way is vigorous.Be suitable for thin planting, the cultivation of big tree crown, plantation density 4 * 4m cuts down after 3 years at interval at the beginning, and seeding row spacing remains on 8 * 8m, forbids dense planting that tree crown is crowded and upwards raises.The tree-like angular divergence of mainly utilizing base portion wheel shape branch to cultivate into major branch and major branch and mobile jib is big, and tree crown is open and flat, enlarges soon, and side shoot and fruit bearing shoot group are evenly cultivated in the major branch both sides, and the side shoot spacing is a standard with mutual shading, need not cultivate secondary scaffold branch.
Beneficial effect:
1, tree crown enlarges rapidly, and the major branch angular divergence is big, and living hat amplitude ratio common cultivation method was big more than 50% in 4 years.
2, it is low to decide the bar height, adopts base portion wheel shape branch to cultivate major branch, and its position on mobile jib is lower, and overall tree crown is lower, easy to operate, and the operational administrative more than 70% does not need scaffold.
3, early yield height, quality better.This technology makes full use of the vigorous characteristics of sapling up-growth, and treelet phase pruning rate is few, and the trophosome growth rapidly, tree crown enlarges fast, and interior thorax illumination condition is good, and single plant yield reached 2.2kg in the 2nd year, single plant yield reached more than the 14kg in the 3rd year, and single plant yield reached more than the 30kg in the 4th year.The high quality fruit rate reaches more than 80%.
4, tree crown bottom baldness not, vitality that can long term maintenance base portion branch is avoided moving on the setting fruit position; The tree crown that adopts present technique to cultivate is big and carry out, and interior thorax illumination improves, and the base portion branch equally can the result, and fruit quality difference in position is less up and down.
5, the economic life is long, water sprout is few, this technology makes full use of the characteristic of peach happiness light, the major branch of cultivating is carried out naturally to elongation all around, thereby the back water sprout is few, and the convenient management result quantities is adjusted easily, the balance that can keep reproductive growth and nourish and grow, the long term maintenance tree vigo(u)r prolongs its full bearing period, has increased the economic life of peach.
The distribution frequency of 4 years living peach fruit bearing shoot
Four, description of drawings
The enforcement time: 2004-2008
Five, embodiment
Implement the place: knob, the Jiangsu Zhenjiang institute of agricultural sciences
Select kind for use: good a Ji, daybreak, newly spend in vain, day white phoenix in river (being commercially available kind)
Method of soil preparation: adopt the trench digging field planting, ditch depth 60m, wide 1.3m; The weeds of ditch bottom application 20 cm thicks, back earthing 15cm-20cm is thick, executes every mu of 2000kg of chicken manure again, then the field planting ditch is returned soil and fills into the steamed bun shape.
Field planting: nursery stock is placed on the field planting point of steamed bun shape, with root system to around make in order, the earthing having peace of mind is watered permeable.
Seeding row spacing: adopt spacing in the rows 3.5m, line-spacing 6m.
Pruning:
1,1-2: behind the seedling planting, decide about 15-20 centimetre of bar height, deciding the bar position must have 5-7 good leaf bud.When young sprout is elongated to 30cm after the rudiment, the young sprout on mobile jib top is strapped on the bamboo pole, lures and draw its upright growth, cultivate into center-pole.The young sprout of all the other sproutings forms wheel shape branch at base portion, lets alone to launch growth to all around, cultivates into major branch candidate branch, cuts off stronger branch on the major branch candidate branch during winter pruning, and all the other branches are not pruned substantially, let alone its elongation.Because branch phototropism, the major branch candidate branch of tree crown base portion further enlarge tree crown to launching elongation all around.
2,3-4: in major branch candidate branch, select the orientation preferably 3-4 root branch as major branch, remaining wheel shape branch divides 2-3 to bounce back year by year to remove, the branch that center-pole base portion 1-1.5m is influenced thorax illumination in the peach all removes, and the height of center-pole remains on 2-2.5m.Winter pruning is to prune off, and fruit bearing shoot is cutting back not, and major branch top cutting back 2/5 is kept its apical dominance, and the fruit bearing shoot group is sagging behind the 2-3 cuts off tip 2/5-3/5 to scheme rejuvenation when weak; Summer pruning keeps the 4-5 of its to the vigorous young sprout of major branch back in mid or late June and opens the blade cutting back, impels it to sprout sublateral shoot and forms the fruit bearing shoot group.
3, later shaping in the 5th year.Along with the increase of the amount of bearing fruit, major branch is further carried out, and should set up pillar control major branch sagging, and the angle that keeps major branch and ground is between 30 °-40 °.The major branch both sides evenly dispose side shoot and fruit bearing shoot group.It is tree-like progressively to form plate-like.
Implementation result
1, tree body early growth situation
As can be seen from Table 1, slope on duty adopts trench digging to plough deeply vegetable soil, and in conjunction with the use of fertilizer, the several then kind roots of field planting directly reach more than the 2.6cm, and daybreak, newly spend in vain when the end of the year footpath just reach more than the 3cm, crown diameter also reaches about 1m.By the 4th year, a good Ji, daybreak, newly spend root footpath rugosity in vain and reach 11.1cm, 10.8cm, 12cm respectively.The while crown diameter is also enlarged rapidly reaches 5.5 * 5.5m, 4.7 * 4.8m, 5.0 * 5.1m respectively.This technology makes full use of the vigorous characteristics of sapling up-growth, on the one hand tree crown is enlarged fully, enlarged the area of bearing fruit in early days, for early stage high grade producing provides possibility, the rapid expansion of tree crown has also slowed down tree vigo(u)r on the other hand, if insufficient tree crown that makes enlarges, force just is concentrated in tree crown inside, cause vigorous growth, form a large amount of water sprout.
Table 1: several unboiled water honey peach kinds growing state application form over the years
2, biennial peach branch rank and flower bud differentiation
As can be seen from Table 2, several honey peach kind primary tiller flower bud differentiation rates are all more than 80%, wherein daybreak, day white wind in river, reach more than 90%.Secondary branch bud divides is having daybreak, the white wind in day river 85% or more.Three branch bud potted flower rate rates are having only daybreak, day two kinds of the white wind in river more than 60%.In addition, from the fruit bearing shoot distribution proportion, treelet phase secondary branch proportion is the highest, secondly is primary tiller.And primary tiller and secondary branch flower bud differentiation rate are also high, though sapling up-growth is vigorous, not only effectively utilizes sublateral shoot branch as a result of by pruning off, and fully enlarged early stage tree crown, thereby primary tiller and secondary branch are the important assurances that obtains early yield.Thereby make peach enter the full bearing period in advance, economic life extended period.
Table 2, biennial peach branch rank and flower bud differentiation situation (2005)
3, output and single fruit weight
This technology adopts the wide row space thin planting, early stage, tree crown obtained enlarging, and the output in the 3rd year, the 4th year is improved rapidly, and the 2nd year single plant yield of field planting can have 1.3～2.6kg as can be seen from Table 3, single plant yield reached more than the 14kg in the 3rd year, and Gao Liangji reaches 22kg.Owing to the kind reason, difference appearred in single plant yield in the 4th year, and the white phoenix single fruit weight in day river is less, and output is relatively low, the good Ji of middle-late ripening variety, daybreak, newly spent single plant yield in vain and reached more than the 31kg, and good Ji Ze reaches the 44.4kg/ strain.A good Ji, daybreak 666.7m
2Output reaches
Table 3: several honey peachs single fruit weight over the years and output application form
1376.4kg, 1010.6kg, newly spend in vain and reach 973.4kg/666.7m
2Growth along with the age of tree, when tree crown enlarges rapidly, tree vigo(u)r also began to tend to be steady, and each kind single fruit weight also obviously increases, and a good Ji, daybreak, day white phoenix single fruit weight in river are increased to 253.2g, 218.0g, the 175.1g in the 4th year by 186.7g, 133.7g, the 102.5g in the 2nd year.A wherein good Ji, daybreak, the high quality fruit rate reached 84.3% and 79.6%.Therefore, by the early stage tree crown of abundant expansion, disperseed force, slowed down tree vigo(u)r, the growth of tree body turns to greater than reproductive growth gradually by nourishing and growing nourishes and grows and the balance of reproductive growth, for high grade producing is laid a good foundation.
4, honey peach fruit bearing shoot average length over the years
As can be seen from Table 4, field planting 1 year and the 3rd year, because sapling up-growth is more prosperous, the fruit bearing shoot average length is longer relatively, trend towards steadily until the 4th tree vigo(u)r, a good Ji, daybreak, a day river white phoenix fruit bearing shoot average length are respectively 24.7cm, 21.8cm, 21.6cm shortening 16.2%, 36.2%, 46.3% when living than 2 years, show by the weak pruning to prune off for successive years, make tree vigo(u)r obtain mitigation, promoted the steady growth of tree body.
Table 4: several honey peach kinds fruit bearing shoot over the years is on average long
5, the distribution situation of three, four years living peach fruit bearing shoot
Increase along with the age of tree, long, in, short all kinds fruit branch proportion also begins to take place significant change, as shown in table 5,3 years all types of fruit branch proportions of living peach, a good Ji, daybreak, a day river Bai Fengzhong fruit spur proportion are 50%, 60.4%, 61.1%, and the middle fruit spur proportion of 4 years as shown in table 6 good Ji of lifes, daybreak, the white phoenix in day river then rises to 69.1%, 75.8%, 73.5%.In 4 years living peaches, fruit spur accounting example is apparently higher than 3 years living peaches because middle fruit spur is the major part that the tree body forms leaf area, compare the nutrient that it consumes with the excessive growth branch relative less, the carbohydrate that can provide photosynthesis in a large number and produced.In addition, in, the growth of fruit spur mainly the 1-3 after rudiment month the nutrition of its consumption in early stage mainly be the nutrient of storage last year, when fruit maturation, stop growing, not with fruit contention nutrient, can provide a large amount of carbohydrate for fruit, the increase of middle fruit spur ratio has important function to improving fruit quality.Thereby the enforcement of this technology can control the generation of water sprout effectively, in increasing greatly, fruit spur accounting example, turned out the ideal tree type of producing high quality fruit.
Table 5: the distribution situation of 3 years living peach fruit bearing shoot (in December, 2006)
Table 6: the distribution frequency situation of 4 years living peach fruit bearing shoot (in December, 2007)
Claims (3)
1. peach plate-like shaping and trimming method is characterized in that:
1) select the good Ji of varieties of plant, daybreak, newly spend in vain or the peach seedling of healthy and strong the no damage by disease and insect of day river Bai Fengzhong, in the mid or late Febuary field planting, nursery stock is decided bar height 15-20cm in the knob, Jiangsu, deciding the bar position has the individual good leaf bud of 5-7, to sprout into branch;
2) insert a bamboo pole in that the good seedling of field planting is other, with mobile jib draw tie up on bamboo pole upright to guarantee trunk;
When 3) young sprout is elongated to 30cm after the leaf bud rudiment, the young sprout on mobile jib top is strapped on the bamboo pole, lures and draw its upright growth, cultivate into center-pole, the young sprout of all the other sproutings forms wheel shape branch at base portion, lets alone to launch growth to all around, cultivates into major branch candidate branch;
4) winter pruning in the 2nd year: cut off eugonic branch on the major branch candidate branch, promptly this branch and major branch candidate branch in the rugosity of ramification point than greater than 3/7 branch, all the other branches are not pruned, because branch phototropism, the major branch candidate branch of tree crown base portion further enlarges tree crown to launching elongation all around;
5) 3-4 pruning: in major branch candidate branch, select to around the 3-4 root branch that is evenly distributed as major branch, remaining wheel shape branch divides 2-3 to remove year by year, the branch that center-pole base portion 1-1.5m is influenced thorax illumination in the peach all removes, and the height of center-pole remains on 2-2.5m;
6) shaping after the 5th year: along with the increase of the amount of bearing fruit, set up pillar control major branch sagging, the angle that keeps major branch and ground is between 30 °-40 °, and the major branch both sides evenly dispose side shoot and fruit bearing shoot group, and it is tree-like to form plate-like.
2. according to the described peach plate-like of claim 1 shaping and trimming method, it is characterized in that:
Winter pruning is to prune off, and fruit bearing shoot is cutting back not, and major branch top cutting back 2/5 is kept its apical dominance, and the fruit bearing shoot group is sagging behind the 2-3 cuts off tip 2/5-3/5 rejuvenation when weak;
Summer pruning is opened the blade cutting back to the vigorous young sprout of major branch back at mid or late June reservation base portion 4-5, impels it to sprout sublateral shoot and forms the fruit bearing shoot group.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described peach plate-like shaping and trimming methods, it is characterized in that:
In fertile soil, area that the peach growing way is vigorous, plantation density 4 * 4m at the beginning, felling at interval after 3 years, seeding row spacing remains on 8 * 8m.
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| CN101341839B true CN101341839B (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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| CN102187800B (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2015-12-16 | 天津力臣阳光果品生产力促进有限责任公司 | The full bearing period mill persimmon fool's pruning method |
| CN102577899B (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-07-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Kiwi fruit tree form with single trunk and double main tendrils and shaping trimming method of kiwi fruit tree form |
| CN103238495B (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2015-02-04 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Method for landscaping by peach tree |
| CN103348892B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-10-22 | 句容市丰之源果品专业合作社 | Pruning method of peach tree in picking garden |
| CN103392554B (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-04 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Balanced shaping and pruning method for grapevine |
| CN106416918A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-02-22 | 张传军 | Bead curtain type branch group culture method of apples |
| CN109757282A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-17 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of high bar method for cultivating seedlings of acer monoes |
| CN112616490A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-09 | 丹阳市茂园果业专业合作社 | Shaping and trimming method for promoting rapid and stable growth of peach trees |
| CN114051881B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-11-15 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for shaping narrow-crown low-stem walnut saplings |
| CN115606448A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-01-17 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Planting method for improving early-stage yield of big-crown thin-planting trellis pear orchard |
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