CN102577899B - Kiwi fruit tree form with single trunk and double main tendrils and shaping trimming method of kiwi fruit tree form - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit tree form with single trunk and double main tendrils and shaping trimming method of kiwi fruit tree form Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kiwi fruit tree form with a single trunk and double main tendrils and a shaping trimming method of the kiwi fruit tree from. The trunk of the tree form is perpendicular to the ground, the height of the trunk ranges from 1.8m to 2.1m, the two main tendrils reversely horizontally extend by 2m to 3m along a row direction after being annularly crossed at a rack surface, 20 to 30 side tendrils are distributed on two sides of each of the double main tendrils like feathers, the pitch between each two side tendrils on the same side ranges from 30 cm to 40 cm, the side tendrils are perpendicular to the main tendrils to horizontal extend, and after the tree form is formed, allowance of full buds of a kiwi fruit tree garden per mu range from 10000 to 12000 after the kiwi fruit tree garden is trimmed in winters. The shaping trimming method of the kiwi fruit tree form is simple, after a tree is cultivated and formed, strong new side tendrils are reserved in summers to be used as fruit mother tendrils to cultivate in the next year, residual sprout tillers and new tendrils are removed, the fruit mother tendrils in the current year are reduced or removed when trimming in the winter, and are replaced by the new fruit mother tendrils, branches and tendrils are bound in time, operation is easy, the quality of fruit is high, shortcomings that an existing kiwi tree form is messy, trimming is troublesome and the quality of fruit is poor are overcome, and accordingly the method is suitable for simplified trimming for a kiwi fruit tree garden by low labor intensity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to kiwi fruit pruning field, relate to the tree-like and shaping and trimming method of the two main climing macaque peach of a kind of single trunk.
Background technology
The greenhouse frame orchard is the trend and direction of world's kiwi fruit cultivation development, is the important symbol of the modern kiwi fruit industry development in the world.Greenhouse frame is adopted in kiwi fruit orchards such as world kiwi fruit cultivation developed country New Zealand, Italy, Chile more than 90%, the kiwi fruit commodity height of production, product enter the international market more than 50%.China begins to promote this advanced kiwi fruit planting system since 2000, estimates that following 10 years greenhouse frame kiwi fruit planting systems will account for more than 60% of area of development.
China's kiwi fruit is tree-like various in producing, and mainly contains many trunk shapes, cup-shaped, fan-shaped.The tree-like characteristics of many trunks are to begin to cultivate many trunks to put on the shelf from ground, early bear fruit in the orchard, form early yield easily, tree body branches and tendrils were disorderly after defective was into the garden, the branches and tendrils subordinate relation is unclear, and key branches and tendrils are many, and result's branches and tendrils are few, tree body ventilation and penetrating light is poor, and fruit color is bad, pol is low, of poor quality; Cup-shaped tree-like characteristics are that the tree body is prosperous by force, form early yield easily, and defective is the bad control of dendritic growth, and the excessive growth branches and tendrils are many, and fruit quality is poor; Fan-shaped tree-like characteristics are that young garden tree bulk-growth is vigorous, form early yield easily, and defective is that tree body ventilation and penetrating light is bad, damage by disease and insect serious, fruit quality is poor; More than these three kinds tree-likely all are unwell to the kiwi fruit productions cultivation of adopting greenhouse frame frame type.
Qishan County, Shaanxi Province (northwest gardening of lifting a sail the kiwi fruit development centre, 2008 the 10th phases) report, at T shape frame characteristics and Kiwi growth fruit bearing habit, sum up a cover T shape frame kiwi fruit premature labor, high yield, high-quality, the main climing racemosus pruning technique of putting on the shelf efficiently, suitable dense planting, distance between rows and hills is 3m * 2～2.5m, mu is planted 90～110 strains, the early growth period gross yield rises fast, and planting just entered the full bearing period on the 4th year, compares with greenhouse frame and does sth. in advance result 2～3 years.But the key branches and tendrils of tree body are many behind this tree formation garden, and the few photosynthetic efficiency of result's branches and tendrils is low, and fruit quality is poor.
To 2010,120,000 hectares of global kiwi fruit areas, 70,000 hectares of China's kiwi fruit areas account for 58% of global area; Whole world kiwi fruit output is 1,760,000 tons, and 700,000 tons of China's output account for 39.78% of global output.Estimate that national kiwi fruit area in 2015 will reach 13.3 ten thousand hectares, output will reach 2,000,000 tons.The existing tree-like and pruning technique of kiwi fruit can not satisfy behind China's kiwi fruit large-scale development improving quality and reducing an urgent demand of labour intensity.Therefore, the not high and big problem of orchard labour intensity is selected new tree-like and shaping and trimming method particular importance at quality of Chinese gooseberries.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide the two main climing macaque peach of a kind of single trunk tree-like and shaping and trimming method, this kind is tree-like to be a kind of the newly tree-like of greenhouse frame frame type that be suitable for, its pruning technique meet the key branches and tendrils of tree body by changeable less, prune the developing direction that becomes letter by numerous, help the popularization in greenhouse frame macaque peach garden.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The two main climing macaque peach of a kind of single trunk are tree-like, comprise a trunk perpendicular to the ground, the both sides growth of trunk has two masters climing, the greenhouse frame face that set up on main climing edge follows to level creeps, 20～30 lateral bine pinniforms are distributed in every both sides that the master is climing, along the greenhouse frame face perpendicular to main climing horizontal-extending.
High 1.8～the 2.1m of described trunk, main climing along the greenhouse frame face level 2～3m that creeps, the lateral bine spacing 30～40cm of homonymy.
The growth potential of described trunk is greater than main climing, and main climing growth potential is greater than lateral bine.
Described two masters are climing after 25～35cm place is crossed as ring-type below trunk and the greenhouse frame face junction, follow to horizontal-extending.
The two main climing tree-like shaping methods of macaque peach of a kind of single trunk may further comprise the steps:
1) after the kiwi fruit sapling is planted, sets up greenhouse frame; After treating rudiment, before taking place, bleeding stays 3～4 full bud cutting backs; Behind the Germination to Frondescent, select strong new climingly cultivate, it is vertically connected on the greenhouse frame face, wipe out all the other new climing and sprout tillers as trunk; It is climing that secondary is sprouted in pinching when new climing on the trunk grows to from frame face 10～20cm; After trunk sprouting secondary is climing, in secondary is climing, select two strong climing climing cultivations of deciding, will lead climing being strapped on the greenhouse frame face, it is followed to horizontal-extending;
Two masters were climing when the winter cut keeps 6～8 full bud cutting backs respectively, will lead climing following to bondage;
2) 1 year, keep trunk and main climing strong growth, overgrow when main that pinching inspires lateral bine when reaching 1m, and will lead the climing lateral bine of going up growth and guide main climing both sides grown cultures into and become that mother is climing as a result, mother is climing as a result to select and remain 20～30, and pinniform is distributed in main climing both sides; The result mother is climing to creep pinching when 14～16 leaves perpendicular to row to level;
It is female climing when the winter cuts at 1～1.5m place cutting back to the result;
3) mother is climing as a result for the annual renewal in shaping back, reserves strong overgrowing branch annual summer as the climing cultivation of result mother, removes unnecessary sprout tillers and young sprout; Mother is climing as a result in the winter pruning renewal; After winter and the summer pruning, all want timely bondage branches and tendrils.
When described kiwi fruit sapling was planted, spacing in the rows was greater than line-spacing, and seeding row spacing is 6m * 4m or 4m * 3m.
The climing climing cultivation of deciding of two strong secondaries of described selection, with two masters climing be crossed as after the ring-type along row to both sides be strapped on the greenhouse frame face, follow to horizontal-extending.
Female climing being updated to of described result: behind the setting, remove that overstocked growth is climing, excessive growth is climing, in 14～16 leaf pinching, remaining result is climing to stay 6～9 leaf pinching on last fruit to the branches and tendrils that give over to the female climing cultivation of next year result; Winter is when cutting, the female climing retraction of first annual bearing is upgraded, and remove the disease worm climing, withered climing, weak climing and curl climing, above strong climing of the diameter 1cm that selects and remain for mother is climing as a result, at 1～1.5 meter cutting back.
The two main climing tree-like shaping and trimming methods of described kiwi fruit list trunk, the bondage of branches and tendrils is:
Tie up the maize peel that climing material selection dries in the shade, be placed on before the use in the water and soaked 24 hours, be torn into bondage branches and tendrils behind the bar.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technical effects:
1, the two main climing macaque peach of single trunk provided by the invention are tree-like, be the newly tree-like of a kind of suitable kiwi fruit greenhouse frame thin planting orchard, the tree body structure is simple, 1 trunk is perpendicular to ground, article 2, climing the following to level at the greenhouse frame face of master creeped, 20～30 lateral bine pinniforms are distributed in main climing both sides, trunk and main climing minimizing, illumination is abundant, the utility rate of luminous energy height, respiration consumption reduces, and can guarantee that blade and fruit fully see light, fruit neat and consistent, uniform coloring, sugar content height, percent rate of high quality fruit height, storage tolerance.
2, single trunk provided by the invention is two main climing tree-like, be a kind of the tree-like of control kiwi fruit output and raising kiwi fruit fruit quality that be applicable to, because tree body structure standard is simple and clear, keep 10000～12000 of full buds after becoming the annual bearer winter pruning, each full bud is 0.25kg as a result, every mu of result 2500～3000kg, output is easy to control, guarantees that the orchard continues high and stable yields; And other tree-like branches and tendrils are disorderly, skeleton is unintelligible, output is difficult to quantitative control, by contrast, form biennial fruiting easily.
This tree-like fruit of tying is uniformly distributed in the facial position of frame of built on stilts 1.8～2.1m, ventilation and penetrating light is good, and fruit size uniformity is painted good, the sugar content height, pollute and lack, quality is extremely excellent, and other tree-like branches and tendrils are dense, uneven illumination is even, the part fruit is not painted, and overhead near fruit is polluted easily, poor quality.
3, the two main climing tree-like shaping and trimming methods of single trunk provided by the invention are simple, after the tree body is cultivated and is shaped, reserve strong new lateral bine annual summer as the female climing cultivation of next year result, remove unnecessary sprout tillers and newly climing, winter pruning bounces back or removes except that working as the annual bearing mother climing, mother is climing as a result in renewal, in time the bondage branches and tendrils.
Embodiment
The invention discloses the tree-like and shaping and trimming method of the two main climing macaque peach of a kind of single trunk, this tree-like greenhouse frame frame type that is suitable for helps the formation in high yield, high-quality orchard.Below in conjunction with the description of tree body structure and the method for pruning are done specific description to the present invention, the explanation of the invention is not limited.
Dried, climing, the bud that relate to are done following explanation:
Trunk: the kiwi fruit plant from more than the ground to the part of greenhouse frame face on trunk.
Main climing: direct branches and tendrils of giving birth on the kiwi fruit trunk are main climing.
Lateral bine: the branches and tendrils of giving birth on the kiwi fruit master is climing is lateral bine.
Mother is climing as a result: be used for result's lateral bine after prune cultivating for mother is climing as a result.
Full bud: the bud that can take out living fruit bearing shoot is full bud or effective bud.
The two main climing macaque peach of a kind of single trunk are tree-like, comprise the vertical and ground of a strong trunk, high 1.8～2.1m (preferred 1.9～2.0m), article two, the master is climing follows to reverse horizontal-extending 2～3m at the greenhouse frame face, 20～30 lateral bine pinniforms are distributed in two both sides that the master is climing, homonymy lateral bine spacing 30～40cm is perpendicular to main climing at frame face horizontal-extending.Different dendritic growth gesture have strict difference: trunk is greater than main climing, and is main climing greater than lateral bine.
Two concrete masters are climing to be followed to horizontal-extending be crossed as ring-type in 25～35cm scope below trunk and frame face junction after.
Kiwi fruit becomes to spend easily, and the result is many, needs strict control output, and the full bud allowance after the every mu of macaque peach garden winter pruning in back that is shaped is 10000～12000, and each full bud is 0.25kg as a result, and every mu of result 2500～3000kg, lateral bine cut and stay length 1～1.5m.
Below the two main climing tree-like shaping and trimming methods of single trunk are elaborated.
The two main climing tree-like prunings of single trunk may further comprise the steps:
1) field planting and pruning in the 1st year
When the kiwi fruit sapling was planted, spacing in the rows was greater than line-spacing, and seeding row spacing is 6m * 4m～4m * 3m; Specifically make a choice according to kind:
China is that the kiwi fruit finished nursery is planted by seeding row spacing 4 * 3m, and delicious food is that the kiwi fruit finished nursery is that 6 * 4m plants by seeding row spacing;
Build greenhouse frame, Zhi Zhuchang 2.5～2.7m, can adopt concrete stake or the zinc-plated stainless steel tube of diameter 6～8cm of 15～20cm * 15～20cm, imbed 50～70cm in the soil, high 1.8～the 2.1m in ground, tubular steel post need be done the concrete bed of diameter 30～40cm, prop up intercolumniation 6m, draw 8～No. 10 steel wires together along the tree line direction every 50～60cm, core wire on the pillar can be selected steel wire No. 12, laterally on pillar, draw 8～No. 10 steel wires together, reinforce with earth anchor setting capable two ends pillar every 6m;
After treating rudiment, nursery stock stays 3～4 full bud cutting backs before bleeding takes place, and behind the Germination to Frondescent, selects a strong new climing trunk of doing to cultivate, and vertically hangs on the frame face core wire, it is grown up, and wipe out all the other new climing and sprout tillers;
When new climing pinching when growing to from frame face 10～20cm, it is climing to sprout secondary, selects two strong climing climing cultivations of deciding newly in secondary is climing, will lead climing being strapped on the greenhouse frame face, and it is followed to horizontal-extending;
Concrete with behind two climing circles of master along row to both sides be strapped on the frame face, make its reverse horizontal-extending, the main climing ring back that is crossed as is changed by force direction when drawing climing bondage, is not easy to cause main climingly fracture from the trunk splitting;
2 masters are climing during winter pruning keeps 6～8 full bud cutting backs respectively, in time follows to bondage on frame face core wire with maize peel, and maize peel is drawn materials conveniently, and is with low cost, helps environmental protection.
2) pruned in the 2nd year
Keep trunk and main climing strong growth, pinching inspires lateral bine when main climing every growth 1m, and guides lateral bine into main climing both sides and grow, and cultivates into that mother is climing as a result; Mother is climing as a result to select and remain 20～30, removes overstocked developmental branch, water sprout, the rational deployment skeleton;
To the branches and tendrils that give over to the female climing cultivation of result in 14～16 leaf pinching, when the winter cuts to mother is climing as a result, according to the branch power at 1～1.5 meter cutting back.
3) renewal pruning
Cultivate through the prunings in 2 years, tree body core skeleton forms, and the 3rd year beginning result needs renewal pruning every year.
Mother is climing as a result in annual renewal after being shaped, and reserves strong overgrowing branch annual summer as the female climing cultivation of result, removes unnecessary sprout tillers and young sprout, and mother is climing as a result in the winter pruning renewal, after winter and the summer pruning, all wants timely bondage branches and tendrils.
Mother is climing as a result in annual renewal, behind the setting, remove overstocked developmental branch, water sprout, the rational deployment skeleton, to the branches and tendrils that give over to the female climing cultivation of next year result in 14～16 leaf pinching, remaining result is climing to stay 6～9 leaf pinching on last fruit, winter is when cutting, and the female climing retraction of first annual bearing upgraded, and remove sick branch, deadwood, diameter weak branch and all branches that curls less than 1cm, the above strong branch of the diameter 1cm that selects and remain is for mother is climing as a result, according to the branch power at 1～1.5 meter cutting back.
Because kiwi fruit becomes to spend easily, the result is many, needs strict control output; Keep 10000～12000 of full buds after becoming the annual bearer winter pruning, each full bud is 0.25kg as a result, every mu of result 2500～3000kg.
Below by to two main climing tree-like and other the several frequently seen tree-like following concrete comparisons of carrying out of single trunk, wherein set the more as shown in table 1 of body structure, fruit quality more as shown in table 2.
The comparison of two main climing tree-like and other the several frequently seen tree-like tree body structures of the single trunk of table 1
| Tree-like | Suitable Density (strain/mu) | Suitable frame type | The trunk number | Main climing number |
| Single trunk is two main climing | 28-56 | Greenhouse frame | 1 | 2 |
| Many trunk shapes | 56-84 | T type frame | 2-5 | 10-15 |
| Cup-shaped | 111-148 | T type frame | 1 | 6-10 |
| Fan property | 84-111 | The hedge ledge | 1 | 8-12 |
The comparison of two main climing tree-like and other the several frequently seen tree-like fruit qualities of the single trunk of table 2
Claims (6)
1. two main climing tree-like shaping methods of macaque peach of a single trunk is characterized in that included following steps:
1) after the kiwi fruit sapling is planted, sets up greenhouse frame; After treating rudiment, before taking place, bleeding stays 3～4 full bud cutting backs; Behind the Germination to Frondescent, select strong new climingly cultivate, it is vertically connected on the greenhouse frame face, wipe out all the other new climing and sprout tillers as trunk; It is climing that secondary is sprouted in pinching when new climing on the trunk grows to from frame face 10～20cm; After trunk sprouting secondary is climing, in secondary is climing, select two strong climing climing cultivations of deciding, will lead climing being strapped on the greenhouse frame face, it is followed to horizontal-extending;
Two masters were climing when the winter cut keeps 6～8 full bud cutting backs respectively, will lead climing following to bondage;
2) 1 year, keep trunk and main climing strong growth, overgrow when main that pinching inspires lateral bine when reaching 1m, and will lead the climing lateral bine of going up growth and guide main climing both sides grown cultures into and become that mother is climing as a result, mother is climing as a result to select and remain 20～30, and pinniform is distributed in main climing both sides; The result mother is climing to creep pinching when 14～16 leaves perpendicular to row to level;
It is female climing when the winter cuts at 1～1.5m place cutting back to the result;
3) mother is climing as a result for the annual renewal in shaping back, reserves strong overgrowing branch annual summer as the climing cultivation of result mother, removes unnecessary sprout tillers and young sprout; Mother is climing as a result in the winter pruning renewal; After winter and the summer pruning, all want timely bondage branches and tendrils.
2. the two main climing tree-like shaping methods of macaque peach of single trunk as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that when described kiwi fruit sapling was planted, spacing in the rows was greater than line-spacing, and seeding row spacing is 6m * 4m or 4m * 3m.
3. the two main climing tree-like shaping methods of macaque peach of single trunk as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the climing climing cultivation of deciding of two strong secondaries of described selection, with two masters climing after frame face place is crossed as ring-type along row to both sides be strapped on the greenhouse frame face, follow to horizontal-extending.
4. the two main climing tree-like shaping methods of macaque peach of single trunk as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, female climing being updated to of described result: behind the setting, remove that overstocked growth is climing, excessive growth is climing, in 14～16 leaf pinching, remaining result is climing to stay 6～9 leaf pinching on last fruit to the branches and tendrils that give over to the female climing cultivation of next year result; Winter is when cutting, the female climing retraction of first annual bearing is upgraded, and remove the disease worm climing, withered climing, weak climing and curl climing, above strong climing of the diameter 1cm that selects and remain for mother is climing as a result, at 1～1.5m place cutting back.
5. the two main climing tree-like shaping methods of macaque peach of single trunk as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the bondage of described branches and tendrils is:
Tie up the maize peel that climing material selection dries in the shade, be placed on before the use in the water and soaked 24 hours, be torn into bondage branches and tendrils behind the bar.
6. the two main climing tree-like shaping methods of macaque peach of single trunk as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, keep 10000～12000 of full buds after the winter pruning of one-tenth annual bearer, control output 2500～3000kg/ mu.
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| JP4895249B2 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2012-03-14 | 神奈川県 | Tree body joint tailoring method |
| CN101341839B (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-05-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Plate-like tidying and pruning method for peach |
| CN101755655B (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2011-08-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | High slender spindle-shaped apple tree form and trimming method thereof |
| CN101926276B (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2011-11-23 | 南京农业大学 | 3+1 tree form of pear tree and shaping method thereof |
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2012
- 2012-01-18 CN CN 201210015874 patent/CN102577899B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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