CN108925348A - A kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods of pre- towed space-efficient - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pre-traction-type kiwifruit planting method with high space utilization rate. The method includes site selection and site preparation, seedling selection and breeding, building a shed, transplanting planting, shaping, daily protection, etc. The method has made breakthroughs in kiwifruit planting The innovation is to carry out corresponding pruning on the fruit trees in the four time periods after the spring shoots germinate in the first year, after the spring shoots germinate in the second year, after the spring shoots germinate in the third year, and after the secondary vines bear fruit in the third year. avoiding the mutual occlusion of kiwi branches, improving the space utilization rate, improving the yield of kiwi, and making full use of the top advantage of the growth of kiwi, making the growth hormone distribution in the kiwi more reasonable, and further improving the yield of kiwi; In addition, the planting method of the kiwifruit is very orderly, and the operation is convenient and simple. At the same time, it is very convenient to pick the mature kiwifruit, which meets the production requirements of today's industrialization, and is suitable for large-scale promotion operations.

Description

A kind of kiwi fruit planting method with pre-traction and high space utilization

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a pre-drawn kiwi fruit planting method with high space utilization.

Background technique

Kiwi fruit is also called fox peach, vine pear, sheep peach, muzi, mao fruit, kiwi fruit, hemp vine fruit, etc. The fruit shape is generally oval, the appearance is greenish brown, the skin is covered with thick fluff, and it is inedible. Bright green flesh and a row of black seeds. Because macaques like to eat, it is named kiwifruit. It is also said that it is named because the skin is covered with hair and looks like a macaque. It is a fruit with fresh quality, rich nutrition and delicious flavor.

The texture of kiwi is soft, the taste is sweet and sour, and the taste is described as a mixture of strawberry, banana and pineapple. In addition to organic substances such as kiwifruit, proteolytic enzymes, tannin pectin and sugars, as well as trace elements such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc, germanium, and 17 kinds of amino acids needed by the human body, kiwifruit also contains rich vitamin C, grape Acid, fructose, citric acid, malic acid, fat. Kiwi fruit is rich in minerals, including rich calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene and multivitamins, which play an important role in maintaining human health. It is known as the "king of fruits". Rich, it is a tonic fruit for the elderly, children, and the infirm. The nutritional value of kiwi far exceeds that of other fruits. Its calcium content is 2.6 times that of grapefruit, 17 times that of apples, 4 times that of bananas, and the content of vitamin C is twice that of oranges.

Kiwi fruit can be used as a drink to treat scurvy. The vitamin C it contains can help reduce blood cholesterol levels, dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. It also strengthens the heart muscle. Regularly drinking a teaspoon of kiwi powder mixed with an appropriate amount of warm water can help stabilize blood cholesterol levels. Kiwi fruit also has anti-diabetic potential. It contains chromium, which has medicinal value for treating diabetes. It can stimulate isolated cells to secrete insulin. Therefore, it can lower blood sugar in diabetic patients. Its powder can be mixed with bitter melon powder to regulate blood sugar levels. Regular intake of sweet, sour, spicy and fatty foods can cause acidity in the body, in addition, eating late at night, drinking coffee or tea can trigger acidity conditions, regardless of any acid-related problems in the body, such as heartburn, or acid reflux , You can use kiwi fruit as a good antacid, it can also treat diarrhea and dysentery, a glass of kiwi fruit juice or powder can reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.

Because kiwifruit is rich in nutrition, high in edible value, and has a large market demand, the kiwifruit planting industry in my country is also developing continuously, and scientific kiwifruit planting techniques are becoming more and more popular. Among them, because the kiwi tree is a vine, the vine body is mostly attached to the bracket. The bottom of the kiwi branch is supported by a longitudinal trunk, and a number of horizontal side vines will grow on the top of the branch. The growth of kiwifruit branches is used to bear fruit. The main trunk, side vines and the new shoots growing on them, the side vines and the fruits growing on them are basically attached to the brackets. , the growth and results of its branches will appear a certain degree of freedom and randomness in space, and the side vines and accessory vines will continue to extend outward, resulting in extremely uneven distribution of kiwifruit branches on the support plane. In some areas, the support plane is due to The growth of branches will form a certain overlap of branches, which will block each other, and some areas may form gaps without corresponding kiwi branches, which will reduce the space utilization rate of the support plane, thereby reducing the area where the fruit receives sunlight , thereby reducing the yield of kiwifruit, so in kiwifruit planting, pruning and shaping of kiwifruit is particularly important. However, under the existing kiwifruit planting methods, there is no more efficient and reasonable pruning and shaping method for kiwifruit trees, which affects the yield of kiwifruit to a certain extent. Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems, it is urgent to adjust the method of kiwifruit planting Improve the space utilization rate in kiwifruit planting, and then increase the yield of kiwifruit.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a pre-traction-type kiwifruit planting method with high space utilization rate, which is a breakthrough innovation in kiwifruit planting. On the one hand, it avoids mutual occlusion of kiwifruit tree branches , improve the space utilization rate, ensure the area where the fruit receives sunlight, and increase the yield of kiwi fruit; It can ensure that the new shoots become flowers well, and can also ensure the budding growth of the new shoots to the greatest extent, and further increase the yield of kiwifruit; in addition, the planting method of the kiwifruit is very orderly, and the operation is convenient and simple. At the same time, picking mature kiwifruit is easy. It is very convenient and meets the production requirements of today's industrialization, and is suitable for large-scale promotion operations.

(2) Technical solution

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides such a pre-drawn kiwi fruit planting method with high space utilization rate. The special feature of the scheme is that the shaping is as follows:

After the spring shoots sprout in the first year, select one of the thickest new shoots as the main trunk for cultivation, cut off all other new shoots, and fix the new shoots on the longitudinal support, so that the main trunk grows to the height of the scaffolding surface;

After the spring shoots sprout in the second year, select the two strongest new shoots on the top of the main trunk as side vines for cultivation, cut off all other thin branches and new shoots on the main trunk, and fix the two new shoots in opposite directions On the scaffold surface, make the two side vines grow in opposite directions as much as possible, and keep the new shoots on the two side vines, that is, fix the two side vines on the scaffold surface in opposite directions and guide their growth. Make the two side vines grow in opposite directions as much as possible, guide them to grow and diverge to both sides;

After the spring shoots sprout in the third year, keep the new shoots on the side vines and the strong growth of the side vines, cut off the thin and weak branches on the side vines, and fix the side vines perpendicular to the side vines and evenly distributed to one or both sides On the scaffolding surface, make the secondary tendrils evenly distributed perpendicular to the side tendrils and grow to one side or both sides, that is, the secondary tendrils are perpendicular to the lateral tendrils and evenly distributed to one side or both sides to fix on the scaffolding surface and guide their growth , just like braiding, make one or both sides of the side vines evenly and vertically arrange the side vines neatly, and remove the thin side vines on the side vines to prevent nutrient loss and retain new shoots and strong growth on the side vines The secondary vines use the strong secondary vines to bear fruit, and keep the new shoots on the side vines as the secondary vines for fruit bearing in the next year; in addition, the effect of making the secondary vines evenly distributed perpendicular to the side vines to grow to one side or both sides is The same is to improve the space utilization rate, and to prevent the branches from overlapping, to avoid mutual occlusion, to ensure the area where the fruit receives sunlight, and to increase the yield of kiwifruit. Distribution on both sides, normal conditions will control its growth to half the length of distribution to one side, so in this way, the space utilization rate of the two methods is the same, so the output is also the same;

After the secondary vine bears fruit in the third year, keep the strong new shoots on the side vines, cut off the weak new shoots on the side vines, and pull the strong new shoots upward along the support at an angle of 45° -60°; when the fruit is ripe, pick off the ripe kiwifruit fruit on the auxiliary vine to complete the fruit picking, and then cut off the auxiliary vine directly; Lay it flat so that it can replace the original auxiliary vine, and fix it on the scaffold surface perpendicular to the side vine and evenly distributed to one or both sides, so that the new shoots can be evenly distributed perpendicular to the side vine to one or both sides Growth means putting down the new shoots that are pulled upward along the support and kept at a certain time and angle, and fixed on the scaffolding surface perpendicular to the side vines and evenly distributed to one or both sides to guide their growth. Like braiding, one or both sides of the side vines are evenly and vertically arranged new shoots, thus replacing the original side vines that were cut off during fruit picking. When the new shoots grow, they also become fruit-bearing plants. Generally speaking, the new side vines are to keep the new shoots on the side vines and the strong growth of the side vines, and use the strong growth of the side vines to bear fruit, and keep the new shoots on the side vines as the next year's fruit-bearing side vines. The branches, the two side vines on the main trunk, the side vines and the new shoots on the side vines are used to repeat the planting operations in this year every subsequent year, so as to realize the planting of kiwifruit.

Preferably, after the secondary vine bears fruit in the third year, keep the strong new shoots on the side vines, cut off the thin and weak new shoots on the side vines, and pull the strong new shoots obliquely upward along the support. is 50°. Keep the new shoot fixed at this angle for a period of time, so as to make full use of the top advantage of the growth of the kiwifruit tree, which can not only ensure the flowering of the new shoot, but also ensure the growth of the new shoot to the greatest extent, and further improve Yield of kiwifruit.

(3) Beneficial effect

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the method is a breakthrough innovation for kiwifruit planting, on the one hand, through emphasizing the cultivation of the trunk and two side vines, combined with the uniform distribution of side vines on the side vines , and use new shoots to renew the side vines on the side vines every year, so as to replace the fruit-bearing side vines, so that the branches of the kiwifruit tree do not overlap, avoid mutual occlusion, improve space utilization, and ensure the area where the fruit receives sunlight. , which improves the yield of kiwifruit; on the other hand, the new shoots used as replacement vines are pulled up obliquely along the support and kept at a certain time and angle, so that the top advantages of kiwifruit tree growth can be fully utilized, and the growth in kiwifruit trees can be fully utilized. The distribution of hormones is more reasonable, which can not only ensure the flowering of the new shoots, but also ensure the bud initiation growth of the new shoots to the greatest extent, and further increase the yield of kiwifruit; in addition, the planting method of the kiwifruit is very orderly and easy to operate It is simple, and at the same time, it is very convenient to pick mature kiwifruit, which reduces labor intensity and saves costs. It meets the production requirements of today's industrialization and is suitable for large-scale promotion operations.

Overall, this method has made breakthrough innovations in kiwifruit planting. On the one hand, it avoids mutual occlusion of kiwifruit tree branches, improves space utilization, ensures the area where the fruit receives sunlight, and increases the yield of kiwifruit; On the one hand, the apical advantage of kiwifruit tree growth is fully utilized to make the growth hormone distribution in the kiwifruit tree more reasonable, which can not only ensure the flowering of the new shoots, but also ensure the initiation of bud growth of the new shoots to the greatest extent. Increase the yield of kiwifruit; in addition, the planting method of the kiwifruit is very orderly, convenient and simple to operate, and at the same time, it is very convenient to pick mature kiwifruit, which meets the production requirements of today's industrialization, and is suitable for large-scale promotion operations.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below to further illustrate the present invention. Obviously, the described specific implementation The form is only a part of embodiment of this invention, and it is not all form.

A pre-traction method for planting kiwifruit with high space utilization, the method specifically comprising:

Site selection and land preparation; choose a mountainous area with fertile soil, sufficient sunlight, and convenient irrigation as the site for kiwifruit planting.

Seedling selection and breeding: Select suitable varieties for cultivation.

Shed: Build a scaffold for kiwi fruit planting.

Transplanting and planting: Select the seedlings that have grown robustly and grow out of the nursery for transplanting with soil. The seedlings are planted vertically in the center of the planting hole, and the roots are stretched and placed in layers.

Shaping:

After the spring shoots sprout in the first year, select one of the thickest new shoots as the main trunk for cultivation, cut off all other new shoots, and fix the new shoots on the longitudinal support, so that the main trunk grows to the height of the scaffolding surface;

After the spring shoots sprout in the second year, select the two strongest new shoots on the top of the main trunk as side vines for cultivation, cut off all other thin branches and new shoots on the main trunk, and fix the two new shoots in opposite directions On the scaffold surface, make the two side vines grow in opposite directions as much as possible, and keep the new shoots on the two side vines, that is, fix the two side vines on the scaffold surface in opposite directions and guide their growth. Make the two side vines grow in opposite directions as much as possible, guide them to grow and diverge to both sides;

After the buds sprout in the spring of the third year, keep the new shoots on the side vines and the strong growth of the side vines, cut off the thin and weak branches on the side vines, and fix the side vines perpendicular to the side vines and evenly distributed to the side of the trellis On the surface, make the secondary vines evenly distributed and grow to one side perpendicular to the side vines, that is, to fix the secondary vines perpendicular to the side vines and evenly distributed on the scaffold surface to one side and guide their growth, just like braiding, so that the side vines One side of the vines is evenly arranged vertically and neatly on the side vines (in this embodiment, another half of the side vines is selected and fixed on the scaffold surface perpendicular to the side vines and evenly distributed to both sides, so that the side vines are evenly distributed. It grows perpendicular to the side vines to both sides, that is, the auxiliary vines are perpendicular to the side vines and evenly distributed on both sides to the scaffold surface and guide their growth, just like braiding, so that the two sides of the side vines are evenly and vertically Neatly arrange the side vines, among them, the effect obtained by distributing the side vines on one side or both sides of the side vines is consistent, all in order to improve the space utilization rate, and to prevent the branches from overlapping, avoid mutual occlusion, and ensure fruit acceptance. In the area of sunlight, the yield of kiwifruit is improved. In the comparative embodiment, the secondary vines are distributed to both sides, and the growth of the secondary vines will be limited by space, so that the length of the secondary vines is half of that distributed to one side. Therefore, the two The space utilization rate of the method is the same, so the output is the same), and remove the weak side vines on the side vines to prevent nutrient loss, keep the new shoots on the side vines and the strong growth of the side vines, and use the strong growth of the side vines to grow Bear fruit, and keep the new shoots on the side vines as the fruit-bearing accessory vines in the coming year;

After the secondary vine bears fruit in the third year, keep the strong new shoots on the side vines, cut off the weak new shoots on the side vines, and pull the strong new shoots upward along the support at an angle of 45° -60 ° (can be properly adjusted in this range, and at the same time, the 50 ° angle on the oblique effect is the best, so that it can best ensure that the new shoots become flowers, and can also ensure the growth of the new shoots to the greatest extent. Initiate bud growth to further increase the yield of kiwi fruit); when the fruit is ripe, pick off the ripe kiwi fruit on the auxiliary vine, complete the picking of the fruit, and then directly cut off the auxiliary vine; The new shoots drawn by the support obliquely are laid flat so that they can replace the original auxiliary vines, and they are perpendicular to the side vines and evenly distributed to one side or both sides and fixed on the scaffold surface so that the new shoots are evenly distributed and perpendicular to the side vines. The tendril grows to one side or both sides, that is, the new shoot that is pulled upward along the support and kept at a certain time and angle is put down, and it is perpendicular to the side tendril and fixed on the scaffold surface evenly distributed to one or both sides It is also like braiding, so that one or both sides of the side vines are evenly and vertically arranged new shoots, thus replacing the original side vines that were cut off during fruit picking. When the new shoots grow It has also become a new side vine that can achieve fruit bearing. Generally speaking, it is to keep the new shoots and strong growth side vines on the side vines, use the strong growth side vines to bear fruit, and keep the new shoots on the side vines as the next year's vines. The fruit-bearing accessory vines, through a branch, two side vines on the main trunk, and the accessory vines and new shoots on the side vines, are used to repeat the planting operations in this year every subsequent year, so as to realize the planting of kiwifruit.

Daily protection: After planting, the crops should be watered in time to maintain soil moisture, and at the same time fertilize in a timely manner, and prevent pests and diseases.

According to the statistics of planting operations and fruit picking in this embodiment, the planting area of this embodiment is 10 mu, and the third year begins to bear fruit, which can realize 1850 kg/mu; And use current common planting method to plant, begin to bear fruit in the 3rd year, realize 1430 kilograms/mu.

Can obviously draw thus, the present invention has carried out breakthrough innovation to kiwi fruit planting, on the one hand, has avoided the mutual shielding of kiwi fruit tree branches, has improved space utilization rate, has guaranteed the area that fruit receives sunlight, has improved the kiwi fruit Yield; on the other hand, make full use of the top advantage of kiwifruit tree growth, make the growth hormone distribution in the kiwifruit tree more reasonable, both can best guarantee that this new shoot becomes flower, can also guarantee the bud initiation of new shoot to the greatest extent growth, and further increase the yield of kiwifruit; in addition, the planting method of the kiwifruit is very orderly, and the operation is convenient and simple. At the same time, the mature kiwifruit is also very convenient to pick and meets the production requirements of today's industrialization, and is suitable for large-scale promotion operations.

The main technical features, basic principles and related advantages of the present invention have been described above. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the concept or basic features of the present invention. In some cases, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, no matter from any point of view, the above-mentioned specific embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, so it is intended that All changes within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are embraced in the present invention.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to various implementation modes, not each implementation mode only contains an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a In general, the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of kiwi planting method of pre-traction type high space utilization rate, the method comprises site preparation, selection of seedlings and breeding, building a shed, transplanting planting, shaping, daily protection, it is characterized in that, shaping is specifically as follows: After the spring shoots sprout in the first year, select one of the thickest new shoots as the main trunk for cultivation, cut off all other new shoots, and fix the new shoots on the longitudinal support, so that the main trunk grows to the height of the scaffolding surface; After the spring shoots sprout in the second year, select the two strongest new shoots on the top of the main trunk as side vines for cultivation, cut off all other thin branches and new shoots on the main trunk, and fix the two new shoots in opposite directions On the surface of the scaffold, make the two side vines grow in opposite directions as much as possible, and keep the new shoots on the two side vines; After the spring shoots sprout in the third year, keep the new shoots on the side vines and the strong growth of the side vines, cut off the thin and weak branches on the side vines, and fix the side vines perpendicular to the side vines and evenly distributed to one or both sides On the surface of the scaffold, make the secondary vines evenly distributed and grow vertically to one side or both sides perpendicular to the side vines; After the secondary vine bears fruit in the third year, keep the strong new shoots on the side vines, cut off the weak new shoots on the side vines, and pull the strong new shoots upward along the support at an angle of 45° -60°; when the fruit is ripe, pick off the ripe kiwifruit fruit on the auxiliary vine to complete the fruit picking, and then cut off the auxiliary vine directly; Lay it flat so that it can replace the original auxiliary vine, and fix it on the scaffold surface perpendicular to the side vine and evenly distributed to one or both sides, so that the new shoots can be evenly distributed perpendicular to the side vine to one or both sides To grow, and to repeat the planting operation in this year every subsequent year, so as to realize the planting of kiwifruit. 2. the kiwi fruit planting method of a kind of pre-drawing type high space utilization rate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after the secondary vine results in the third year, keep the strong new shoot on the side vine, and the side vine Cut off the thin and weak new shoots on the top of the tree, and pull the strong new shoots upward along the support, with an upward angle of 50°.