CN112913566A - Kiwi fruit double-row trapezoidal shed frame cultivation method - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit double-row trapezoidal shed frame cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112913566A CN112913566A CN202110447745.2A CN202110447745A CN112913566A CN 112913566 A CN112913566 A CN 112913566A CN 202110447745 A CN202110447745 A CN 202110447745A CN 112913566 A CN112913566 A CN 112913566A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits, belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and aims at the problems of high labor cost, low production efficiency, complex flower and fruit management, poor fruit quality consistency and the like in the prior art, and innovations are made on the double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits by exploring and reforming the planting mode and the vertical frame mode of kiwi fruits: comprises the steps of (1) land leveling, (2) trapezoidal trellis building, (3) double-row planting and (4) tree-shaped cultivation. The double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for the kiwi fruits can more scientifically improve the group structure, more effectively improve the light energy utilization rate and reduce the labor input, and achieves the production target of high quality, light weight, simplicity and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits.
Background
The kiwi fruit has good color, fragrance and taste, is rich in vitamin C, has high nutritive value and good medical and health care functions, so the kiwi fruit has the reputations of fruit king and fruit treasure, and becomes one of the fruits which are rarely successfully accepted by the international market in recent years.
As one of the important origin places of the world kiwi fruits, in nearly 5 years, the kiwi fruit industry in China is rapidly developed, the kiwi fruit cultivation area in China currently reaches 360 ten thousand mu, the output is 300 ten thousand tons, and the kiwi fruit cultivation area accounts for 2/3 of the total output in the world. However, with the rapid increase of the development area of kiwifruits in the world, especially the rapid expansion of the planting area of kiwifruits in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places in China, the yield of fresh fruits is gradually increased year by year, and the competitive pressure of the international and domestic double markets is increasingly intensified. Under the traditional cultivation mode of China, greenhouse frames, hedge ledges, T-shaped frames, V-shaped frames and the like are mainly adopted, and the problems of narrow planting row spacing, complex management of flowers, fruits, branches and tendrils, low mechanization degree, low light energy utilization rate of tree bodies, poor fruit quality consistency, low commodity rate and the like exist. Therefore, exploring and innovating a novel computerized, simple and efficient kiwi fruit cultivation mode is a key measure for guaranteeing high-quality and healthy development of the kiwi fruit industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel kiwi fruit double-row trapezoidal shed frame cultivation method by exploring and reforming a planting mode and a vertical frame mode of kiwi fruits, aiming at the problems of high labor cost, lower production efficiency, fussy flower and fruit management, poorer fruit quality consistency and the like in kiwi fruit cultivation in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits, which comprises the following steps:
(1) leveling land blocks: arranging relatively flat land blocks on flat land or sloping land;
(2) building a trapezoidal shed frame;
the top surface of trapezoidal rack is 2m apart from ground height, and the ridge interval in the trapezoidal rack of same row is 3m, and the ridge interval of two adjacent lines of trapezoidal racks is 1.5 m.
(3) Double-row planting: 3 kiwi fruits are fixedly planted between adjacent upright columns on two sides of the same row of the trapezoidal shed frame, the ratio of a female kiwi fruit plant to a male kiwi fruit plant is 2:1, the male kiwi fruit plant is fixedly planted at the middle point of the connection line distance between the adjacent upright columns, the female kiwi fruit plant is located on two sides of the male kiwi fruit plant, and the distance between the female kiwi fruit plant and the male kiwi fruit plant is 1.5 m.
(4) Tree-shaped cultivation: and (3) carrying out tree cultivation on the female plant and the male plant according to a single-trunk and double-main-vine cultivation method, and reasonably arranging and timely trimming lateral vines, fruiting mother branches and current-year branch growing strips according to growth management requirements.
As a further optimization of the method, the method also comprises the step of ridging after the land blocks are leveled in the step (1), wherein the height of each ridge is 30cm, and the width of each ridge is 1.0 m.
As a further optimization of the present invention, the building of the trapezoidal trellis in step (2) comprises: each row of the trapezoidal shed frame is provided with a plurality of trapezoidal units which are parallel to each other; the trapezoid unit comprises a top edge, oblique edges connected with two sides of the top edge, and an upright post connected with one end of the oblique edge far away from the top edge; the adjacent trapezoidal units are connected by adopting a plurality of cross beams; and metal wires are longitudinally and fixedly connected among the plurality of cross beams.
As further optimization of the invention, the trapezoidal unit upright posts and the ground are vertically inserted into the upper surface of the ridge and fixed.
As a further optimization of the invention, the adjacent distance of the ridges in the same row of the trapezoidal shed frame is 3 m.
As a further optimization of the invention, the adjacent distance between the trapezoid shelves in the step (2) is 2 m.
As a further optimization of the invention, the included angles between the two oblique sides and the top side in the trapezoidal unit are both 135 degrees, the lengths of the two oblique sides of the trapezoidal unit are the same, and the distance between the two upright posts is 4 m.
As a further optimization of the invention, the distance between the metal wires in the step (2) is 20-40 cm.
As a further optimization of the invention, the spacing is 30 cm.
As a further optimization of the invention, the distance between the cross beams in the step (2) is 40-60 cm.
As a further optimization of the invention, the spacing is 50 cm.
As a further optimization of the invention, the timely construction in the step (4) comprises that after the male plants bloom in the current year and complete pollination, heavy-short pruning is immediately carried out, the space is released, so that branches and tendrils of adjacent female plants are reasonably distributed, and the space of the frame surface is fully utilized.
As further optimization of the invention, the method for cultivating the single trunk and the double main vines in the step (4) comprises the following steps: when a single kiwi fruit trunk grows to 70-80 cm, selecting and reserving two branches which grow robustly as double main branches, crossing and then cultivating the branches at the left side and the right side along the cross beam closest to the cross beam, then cultivating lateral branches on each main branch of a female plant at intervals of 30-40 cm, namely cultivating 8-10 lateral branches on each kiwi fruit, extending and arranging the lateral branches upwards along the trapezoidal shed, wherein the extension length of each lateral branch is 2.8-3.2 m; the male plant is mainly used for cultivating short side branches.
As a further optimization of the method, when a single main stem of the kiwi fruit grows to 80cm, two branches and tendrils which are strong in growth are selected and reserved as double main tendrils, the branches are crossed and then are cultivated along the left side and the right side along the cross beam which is closest to the cross beam, lateral branches are cultivated on each main tendrils of female plants at intervals of 35cm, namely 10 lateral branches are cultivated on each kiwi fruit, the lateral branches extend and swing upwards along the trapezoidal shed, and the extension length of each lateral branch is 3.0 m.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a novel double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits, the method is characterized in that the double-row planting is carried out according to the width, the number of the planted plants per mu is increased, the ratio of male plants to female plants is 2:1, and the pollination efficiency is effectively improved; the cultivation method of the single-trunk and double-trunk branches is adopted to pull the kiwi fruit branches and tendrils on the pull steel wires at two sides, so that more branches and tendrils can grow on the unit ground area, the effective fruit bearing area is increased by 20.42%, the branches and tendrils can be irradiated by sunlight by the trapezoidal unit shed frame, the photosynthetic utilization rate is improved by 34.29-46.67%, the output of the kiwi fruit is improved by 32.47%, and the fruit quality is obviously improved. Meanwhile, the cultivation operation is convenient for people and machinery to plant. The method can more scientifically improve the group structure, more effectively improve the light energy utilization rate, reduce the labor input and realize the production target of high quality, light weight, simplicity and high efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the overall structure of a double-row Chinese gooseberry ladder shed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a double-row trapezoidal rack for kiwi fruits;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a double row trapezoidal trellis double row field planting kiwi fruit;
wherein, 1 is a trapezoidal unit, 2 is a column, 3 is a bevel edge, 4 is a top edge, 5 is a beam, and 6 is a metal wire.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as providing a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
A double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) leveling land blocks and ridging: arranging relatively flat land blocks on flat land or sloping land; then ridging, wherein the height is 30cm, and the width is 1.0 m;
(2) building a trapezoidal shed frame; the same row of trapezoidal shed frames comprise a plurality of trapezoidal units 1, and the distance between every two adjacent trapezoidal units 1 is 6 m; the trapezoidal unit 1 comprises a top edge 4, two bevel edges 3 connected with two sides of the top edge, and two upright posts 2 connected with one ends of the bevel edges far away from the top edge, wherein the distance between the two upright posts is 4m, the two bevel edges 3 are the same in length, and the included angles between the two bevel edges and the top edge 4 are 135 degrees; ridge interval is 3m in the trapezoidal rack of same line, inserts the ridge upper surface with stand 2 perpendicularly and fixes, and topside 4 is 2m with ground parallel distance ground height, is provided with crossbeam 5 according to equidistant 50cm with the trapezoidal rack line direction of following between the adjacent trapezoidal unit 1 of the trapezoidal rack of same line, is equipped with according to equidistant 30cm with trapezoidal rack inclined plane of same line and top surface and 5 vertically metal wire 6 with crossbeam. The distance between two adjacent rows of trapezoidal shed frames is 2 m.
(3) Double-row planting: 3 kiwi fruits are fixedly planted between adjacent upright columns of ridges on two sides of the same row of the trapezoidal shed frame, the ratio of female kiwi fruit plants to male kiwi plants is 2:1, male kiwi plants are fixedly planted at the middle points of the connecting lines of the adjacent upright columns on the same ridge, the female kiwi fruit plants are located on two sides of the male kiwi plants, and the distance between the female kiwi fruit plants and the male kiwi plants is 1.5 m;
(4) tree-shaped cultivation: when a single kiwi fruit trunk grows to 80cm, selecting and reserving two strong branches and tendrils as double main tendrils, and cultivating the branches and tendrils in the left and right sides along the cross beam 5 closest to the cross branch; then, cultivating lateral branches on each main vine of the female plant at intervals of 35cm, namely cultivating 10 lateral branches on each kiwi fruit plant, extending and arranging the lateral branches upwards along the trapezoidal shed frame, wherein the extension length of each lateral branch is 3.0 m; the male plant mainly cultures short side branches and combines the growth management requirements, after the male plant blooms and pollinates in the current year, the male plant immediately carries out heavy short pruning, the space is released, the branches and tendrils of adjacent female plants are reasonably distributed, and the space of the frame surface is fully utilized.
Example 2
A double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) leveling land blocks and ridging: arranging relatively flat land blocks on flat land or sloping land; then ridging, wherein the height is 30cm, and the width is 1.0 m;
(2) building a trapezoidal shed frame; the same row of trapezoidal shed frames comprise a plurality of trapezoidal units 1, and the distance between every two adjacent trapezoidal units 1 is 6 m; the trapezoidal unit 1 comprises a top edge 4, two bevel edges 3 connected with two sides of the top edge, and two upright posts 2 connected with one ends of the bevel edges far away from the top edge, wherein the distance between the two upright posts is 4m, the two bevel edges 3 are the same in length, and the included angles between the two bevel edges and the top edge 4 are 135 degrees; ridge interval is 3m in the trapezoidal rack of same line, inserts the ridge upper surface with stand 2 perpendicularly and fixes, and topside 4 is 2m with ground parallel distance ground height, is provided with crossbeam 5 according to equidistant 60cm with the trapezoidal rack line direction of following between the adjacent trapezoidal unit 1 of the trapezoidal rack of same line, is equipped with crossbeam 5 vertically metal wire 6 according to equidistant 40cm with trapezoidal rack inclined plane of same line and top surface. The distance between two adjacent rows of trapezoidal shed frames is 2 m.
(3) Double-row planting: 3 kiwi fruits are fixedly planted between adjacent upright columns of ridges on two sides of the same row of the trapezoidal shed frame, the ratio of female kiwi fruit plants to male kiwi plants is 2:1, male kiwi plants are fixedly planted at the middle points of the connecting lines of the adjacent upright columns on the same ridge, the female kiwi fruit plants are located on two sides of the male kiwi plants, and the distance between the female kiwi fruit plants and the male kiwi plants is 1.5 m;
(4) tree-shaped cultivation: when the single trunk of the kiwi fruit grows to 70cm, selecting and reserving two strong branches and tendrils as double main tendrils, and cultivating the branches and tendrils in the left and right sides along the cross beam 5 closest to the cross; then, cultivating lateral branches on each main vine of the female plant at intervals of 30cm, namely cultivating 9 lateral branches on each kiwi fruit plant, extending and arranging the lateral branches upwards along the trapezoidal shed frame, wherein the extension length of each lateral branch is 2.8 m; the male plant mainly cultures short side branches and combines the growth management requirements, after the male plant blooms and pollinates in the current year, the male plant immediately carries out heavy short pruning, the space is released, the branches and tendrils of adjacent female plants are reasonably distributed, and the space of the frame surface is fully utilized.
Example 3
A double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) leveling land blocks and ridging: arranging relatively flat land blocks on flat land or sloping land; then ridging, wherein the height is 30cm, and the width is 1.0 m;
(2) building a trapezoidal shed frame; the same row of trapezoidal shed frames comprise a plurality of trapezoidal units 1, and the distance between every two adjacent trapezoidal units 1 is 6 m; the trapezoidal unit 1 comprises a top edge 4, two bevel edges 3 connected with two sides of the top edge, and two upright posts 2 connected with one ends of the bevel edges far away from the top edge, wherein the distance between the two upright posts is 4m, the two bevel edges 3 are the same in length, and the included angles between the two bevel edges and the top edge 4 are 135 degrees; ridge interval is 3m in the trapezoidal rack of same line, inserts the ridge upper surface with stand 2 perpendicularly and fixes, and topside 4 is 2m with ground parallel distance ground height, is provided with crossbeam 5 according to equidistant 40cm in the direction of following trapezoidal rack line between the adjacent trapezoidal unit 1 of trapezoidal rack of same line, and trapezoidal rack inclined plane and top surface of same line are equipped with according to equidistant 40cm with crossbeam 5 vertically metal wire 6. The distance between two adjacent rows of trapezoidal shed frames is 2 m.
(3) Double-row planting: 3 kiwi fruits are fixedly planted between adjacent upright columns of ridges on two sides of the same row of the trapezoidal shed frame, the ratio of female kiwi fruit plants to male kiwi plants is 2:1, male kiwi plants are fixedly planted at the middle points of the connecting lines of the adjacent upright columns on the same ridge, the female kiwi fruit plants are located on two sides of the male kiwi plants, and the distance between the female kiwi fruit plants and the male kiwi plants is 1.5 m;
(4) tree-shaped cultivation: when a single kiwi fruit trunk grows to 75cm, selecting and reserving two strong branches and tendrils as double main tendrils, and cultivating the branches and tendrils in the left and right sides along the cross beam 5 closest to the cross branch; then, cultivating lateral branches on each main vine of the female plant at intervals of 40cm, namely cultivating 8 lateral branches on each kiwi fruit plant, extending and arranging the lateral branches upwards along the trapezoidal shed frame, wherein the extension length of each lateral branch is 3.2 m; the male plant mainly cultures short side branches, and combines the growth management requirements, after the male plant blooms and pollinates in the current year, the male plant immediately carries out heavy short pruning, the space is released, so that the branches and tendrils of adjacent female plants are reasonably distributed, and the space of the frame surface is fully utilized.
Comparative example 1
The kiwi fruit is planted by adopting the existing traditional greenhouse frame, and the kiwi fruit is planted by adopting the conventional planting method in the prior art.
The influence of the double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method in the example 1 and the traditional trellis cultivation method in the comparative example 1 on the photosynthetic efficiency of the tree body is studied, and the results are shown in table 1. The comparison shows that the double-row trapezoidal shed frame cultivation method in the embodiment 1 can obviously improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the kiwi fruit tree body.
TABLE 1
The influence of the double-row trapezoidal shed frame cultivation method in the embodiment 1 and the traditional shed frame cultivation method in the comparative example 1 on tree body planting and yield is researched, and the result is shown in table 2. The comparison shows that the double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method in the embodiment 1 can obviously improve the fruit yield of the kiwi fruit tree.
TABLE 2
| Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Average row spacing (m) | 3×3.25 | 3×4 |
| Number of female plants (plant/mu) | 68 | 48 |
| Number of male plants (plant/mu) | 32 | 8 |
| Ratio of male and female plants | 2:1 | 6:1 |
| Effective fruit bearing area (m)2Mu/mu) | 693.6 | 576.0 |
| Yield per plant (kg) | 38.9 | 41.6 |
| Total yield (kg/mu) | 2645.2 | 1996.8 |
The influence of the double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method in example 1 and the traditional trellis cultivation method in comparative example 1 on the fruit quality was studied, and the results are shown in table 3. The comparison shows that the double-row trapezoidal shed frame cultivation method in the embodiment 1 can obviously improve the fruit quality of the kiwi fruit trees.
TABLE 3
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) leveling land blocks: arranging relatively flat land blocks on flat land or sloping land;
(2) building a trapezoidal shed frame;
(3) double-row planting: planting kiwi fruits in the trapezoidal trellis;
(4) tree-shaped cultivation: and (3) carrying out tree cultivation on the female plant and the male plant according to a single-trunk and double-main-vine cultivation method, and reasonably arranging and timely trimming lateral vines, fruiting mother branches and current-year branch growing strips according to growth management requirements.
2. The double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that a ridge is formed after the land blocks are leveled in step (1).
3. The double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits according to claim 2, wherein the adjacent spacing of the ridges is 3 m.
4. The double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the adjacent spacing of the trapezoidal trellis in the step (2) is 2 m.
5. The double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of female kiwi fruit plants to male kiwi fruit plants in step (3) is 2:1, and the female kiwi fruit plants are located on both sides of the male kiwi fruit plants.
6. The double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits of claim 1, wherein said timely construction in step (4) comprises a step of cutting the male plants again and again immediately after pollination is completed in the current year.
7. The double-row trapezoidal trellis cultivation method for kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the single-trunk and double-trunk cultivation method in step (4) comprises the following steps: when a single kiwi fruit trunk grows to 70-80 cm, selecting and reserving two robust branches as double main vines, and cultivating the branches along the trapezoidal trellis to the left side and the right side after crossing; then, cultivating lateral branches on each main vine of the female plant at intervals of 30-40 cm, namely cultivating 8-10 lateral branches on each kiwi fruit plant, extending and arranging the lateral branches upwards along the trapezoidal shed frame, wherein the extension length of each lateral branch is 2.8-3.2 m; the male plant mainly cultures short side branches, and does not occupy the space of the frame surface as much as possible.
8. The method for cultivating the double-row trapezoidal shed of the kiwi fruits of claim 7, wherein when a single trunk of the kiwi fruit grows to 80cm, two branches which are strong and strong are selected and reserved as the double main branches, the branches are crossed and then cultivated in the right and left sides of the trapezoidal shed, lateral branches are cultivated on each main branch of a female plant at intervals of 35cm, namely 10 lateral branches are cultivated on each kiwi fruit, the lateral branches extend upwards along the trapezoidal shed and are laid, and the extension length of each lateral branch is 3.0 m.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113475307A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-10-08 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Arch shed frame structure and method for cultivating grapes by using same |
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